| characterization of three alboaggregins purified from trimeresurus albolabris venom. | alboaggregins (al-a, al-b, al-c) isolated from trimeresurus albolabris snake venom represent a new family of proteins which bind to platelet glycoprotein ib (gpib). these alboaggregins were purified to homogeneity with ion exchange hplc (mono-q column) and hydrophobic hplc (tsk phenyl-5pw column). on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, apparent molecular weights of al-a, al-b and al-c were 52 kda, 26 kda, and 121 kda respectively, under nonreducing conditions. upon reduction, each alboaggreg ... | 1992 | 1509413 |
| a national hospital-based survey of snakes responsible for bites in thailand. | snakes which had been killed and brought to hospital with the patients they had bitten were collected in 80 district and provincial hospitals throughout 67 provinces in thailand in order to establish the geographical distribution and relative medical importance of the venomous species. of the 1631 snakes collected, 1145 were venomous: malayan pit vipers (calloselasma rhodostoma), green pit vipers (trimeresurus albolabris) and russell's vipers (daboia russelii) were the most numerous, while t. al ... | 1992 | 1566285 |
| alboaggregin-b: a new platelet agonist that binds to platelet membrane glycoprotein ib. | a new protein, called alboaggregin-b (al-b), has been isolated from trimeresurus albolabris venom by ion-exchange chromatography. it agglutinated platelets without the need for ca2+ or any other cofactor. the purified protein showed an apparent molecular mass on sds-page and gel filtration of about 23 kda under nonreducing conditions. ristocetin did not alter the binding of al-b to platelets or affect al-b-induced platelet agglutination. agglutinating activity was not dependent on either proteol ... | 1991 | 1747371 |
| inhibition of murine melanoma cell-matrix adhesion and experimental metastasis by albolabrin, an rgd-containing peptide isolated from the venom of trimeresurus albolabris. | albolabrin, a 7.5-kda cysteine-rich protein isolated from the venom of trimeresurus albolabris, contains the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) cell recognition sequence found in many cell adhesion-promoting extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and laminin. albolabrin belongs to a family of rgd-containing peptides, termed disintegrins, recently isolated from the venom of various vipers and discovered to be potent inhibitors of both platelet aggregation and cell-substratum adhesio ... | 1991 | 1879472 |
| antigenic relationships and relative immunogenicities of venom proteins from six poisonous snakes of thailand. | venoms from naja naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus, vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma and trimeresurus albolabris have been studied by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the immunoblots were stained with rabbit homologous and heterologous antibodies. in general, the higher the mol. wt the protein the higher the immunogenicity although two proteins with mol. wts of 23,000 and 25,000 from o. hannah venom are extraordin ... | 1988 | 3201490 |
| impaired high-shear-stress-induced platelet aggregation in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis. | we investigated shear-induced platelet aggregation (sipa) in 30 patients with chronic renal failure (crf) undergoing haemodialysis. 26 patients showed a significant decrease in sipa at high shear stress but no change in sipa at low shear stress. the former reaction reflects the interaction between plasma von willebrand factor (vwf) and its platelet receptors, glycoprotein (gp) ib-ix and iib/iiia complex, whereas the latter is assumed to involve the binding of plasma fibrinogen to gp iib/iiia com ... | 1995 | 7772523 |
| exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors by zinc ions: role of protein kinase c. | previous studies demonstrated that zn2+ at a concentration of 50 microm increases the number of fibrinogen receptors exposed on adp-stimulated platelets and that higher concentrations of zn2+ induce platelet aggregation that appears to be mediated by receptors associated with the glycoprotein iib/iiia complex. the purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism by which zn2+ modulates exposure of fibrinogen receptors on the surface of human washed platelets. we determined that zn2+ (300-800 ... | 1993 | 8475131 |
| a study of epidemiology, risk factors and preventive measures against snake bites. | the epidemiology and exposing causes of snake bites were studied in 274 patients between 1 january 1982 and 30 december 1990. they comprised 142 males (51.82%) and 132 females (48.18%). their ages ranged from 1 month to 86 years old. the age group most frequently bitten found in this study was between 15 to 29 years old amounting to 106 cases (38.69%). of those 274 cases, 212 (77.37%) were the victims of poisonous snakes, namely, the green pit viper (trimeresurus spp.) 156 cases (73.58%), the co ... | 1997 | 9347666 |
| alboaggregins a and b. structure and interaction with human platelets. | viper venoms contain a variety of platelet binding proteins including those which bind to platelet gpib/gpix. most of these proteins inhibit von willebrand factor mediated platelet agglutination. here we report the primary structures of unique members of this family, alboaggregins a and b, isolated from trimeresurus albolabris, which have the ability to stimulate platelet agglutination and aggregation. four chains of alboaggregin a and two chains of alboaggregin b share a high degree of homology ... | 1998 | 9531050 |
| venomous snakebite in thailand. i: medically important snakes. | thailand has an abundance of venomous snakes. among the neurotoxic family elapidae, there are three species of the genus naja (cobras), three of the genus bungarus (kraits), and the king cobra of the genus ophiophagus. other elapidae snakes in thailand include sea snakes and asian coral snakes of the genus calliophis. they have potent venoms but rarely bite humans. tissue and hemotoxic snakes are represented by family viperidae, subfamilies viperinae and crotalinae. they remain an occupational h ... | 1998 | 9597848 |
| the effects of green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris and trimeresurus macrops) venom on the fibrinolytic system in human. | green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris and trimeresurus macrops) venom was found to have a thrombin-like effect in vitro but cause a defibrination syndrome in vivo. the effects of venom on fibrinolytic system have not been well characterized. this knowledge can help to define the roles of antifibrinolytic therapy, give insights in fibrinolytic system regulation and potentially lead to identification of a new profibrinolytic agent from this venom. forty-six cases of green pit viper bites were s ... | 1999 | 10219986 |
| development of reversed passive latex agglutination for detection of thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom. | a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic kit for detecting thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom was developed using latex particles sensitized with venom specific immunoglobulin. the kit is capable of detecting 25-50 ng/ml of thai cobra venom. the capability was not affected by human plasma. specificity of the kit was proven using snake venoms from vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma, trimeresurus albolabris, naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, and bungarus fasciatus. the diagnostic kit does n ... | 1999 | 10410332 |
| alboaggregin a activates platelets by a mechanism involving glycoprotein vi as well as glycoprotein ib. | the snake venom c-type lectin alboaggregin a (or 50-kd alboaggregin) from trimeresurus albolabris was previously shown to be a platelet glycoprotein (gp) ib agonist. however, investigations of the signal transduction induced in platelets showed patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation that were different from those of other gpib agonists and suggested the presence of an additional receptor. in this study, the binding of biotinylated alboaggregin a to platelet lysates, as well as affinity chromatogra ... | 2001 | 11159519 |
| a novel viper venom metalloproteinase, alborhagin, is an agonist at the platelet collagen receptor gpvi. | the interaction of platelet membrane glycoprotein vi (gpvi) with collagen can initiate (patho)physiological thrombus formation. the viper venom c-type lectin family proteins convulxin and alboaggregin-a activate platelets by interacting with gpvi. in this study, we isolated from white-lipped tree viper (trimeresurus albolabris) venom, alborhagin, which is functionally related to convulxin because it activates platelets but is structurally different and related to venom metalloproteinases. alborh ... | 2001 | 11344165 |
| purification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses of novel lys-49 phospholipases a(2) from the venoms of rattlesnakes and other pit vipers. | basic phospholipase a(2) homologs with lys49 substitution at the essential ca(2+)-binding site are present in the venom of pit vipers under many genera. however, they have not been found in rattlesnake venoms before. we have now screened for this protein in the venom of rattlesnakes and other less studied pit vipers. by gel filtration chromatography and rp-hplc, lys49-phospholipase-like proteins were purified from the venoms of two rattlers, crotalus atrox and crotalus m. molossus, and five nonr ... | 2001 | 11594738 |
| tetanus after white-lipped green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) bite. | | 2002 | 12510783 |
| antihemorrhagin in the blood serum of king cobra (ophiophagus hannah): purification and characterization. | king cobra (ophiophagus hannah) serum was found to possess antihemorrhagic activity against king cobra hemorrhagin. the activity was stronger than that in commercial king cobra antivenom. an antihemorrhagin has been purified by ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and gel filtration with a 22-fold purification and an overall yield of 12% of the total antihemorrhagic activity contained in crude serum. the purified antihemorrhagin was homogeneous in disc-page and sds-page. its appa ... | 2003 | 12875876 |
| optical immunoassay for snake venom detection. | a sensitive and specific optical immunoassay (oia) has been developed for snake venom detection. the assay is based on the principle of detection of physical changes in thickness of molecular thin film resulting from specific binding events on an optical silicon chip (silas-i, thermobiostar, colorado, usa). the reflection of white light through the thin film results in destructive interference of a particular wavelength of the light from gold to purple-blue depending on the thickness of the thin ... | 2004 | 15046761 |
| a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antivenom for local effects of green pit viper bites. | although systemic administration of antivenom can promptly reverse coagulopathy, efficacy on local effects of viper venom remains to be determined. currently, there has been no proven specific treatment for snakebite patients with severe local effects. this study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. patients bitten by green pit vipers (trimeresurus albolabris or t. macrops) with marked limb swelling, but no severe coagulopathy requiring antivenom, were randomized to receive e ... | 2006 | 16466758 |
| thrombin-like effect of an important green pit viper toxin, albolabrin: a bioinformatic study. | the green pit viper venom has a major effect on the hematological system. clinical features of venomous snakebites vary from asymptomatic to fatal bleeding. the venom is found to have a thrombin-like effect in vitro. here, the author performs a bioinformatic analysis on the green pit viper venom focusing on its thrombin-like effect. sequence comparison between green pit viper venom, albolabrin and thrombin was performed. in addition, the author performed a search for other human proteins closely ... | 2006 | 16649017 |
| expression and characterization of a recombinant fibrinogenolytic serine protease from green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) venom. | viper venom serine proteases (sps) display several effects on hemostatic system. molecular cloning showed that trimeresurus albolabris venom comprised a mixture of five sps with thrombin-like (2), fibrinogenase (2) and plasminogen-activating (1) activities. because only few fibrinogenolytic sp sequences were reported, we decided to express albofibrase, a novel fibrinogenase from t. albolabris using pichia pastoris system. the recombinant active form of enzyme was 30 kda including 2.2 kda of glyc ... | 2007 | 17346761 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of alboaggregin b. | green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) venom contains a variety of c-type lectin-like proteins (clps) causing platelet aggregation and consumptive thrombocytopenia in biting victims. alboaggregin b (al-b), a heterodimeric glycoprotein (gp) ib-binding protein, was purified from the venom, but there is no reported cdna sequence and the platelet agglutination mechanism is poorly understood. the full-length al-b beta clone was obtained from t. albolabris venom gland cdna library. al-b alpha was, ... | 2007 | 17538847 |
| fractionation of snake venom metalloproteinases by metal ion affinity: a purified cobra metalloproteinase, nk, from naja kaouthia binds ni2+-agarose. | snake venom metalloproteinases represent unique probes for analyzing platelet adhesion receptors regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. snake venom metalloproteinase-disintegrins consist of a propeptide domain, a catalytic domain containing a metal ion-coordination sequence (hexxhxxgxxh), a disintegrin domain, and a cys-rich domain. here, we investigate whether metal ion-affinity chromatography may be used to fractionate venom metalloproteinases based on the metal ion-coordination motif. first, w ... | 2007 | 17822731 |
| molecular cloning of albolatin, a novel snake venom metalloprotease from green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris), and expression of its disintegrin domain. | disintegrins are snake venom-derived, rgd- or kgd-containing peptides that can inhibit integrin-mediated platelet aggregation and cell-matix interactions. the aim of this study is to analyze the full-length cdna sequence of a snake venom metalloprotease (svmp) from green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) venom and characterize functions of its disintegrin domain on human platelets. from the primary cdna library of venom glands, a partial sequence of a novel svmp (albolatin) was obtained. using ... | 2007 | 17870140 |
| low incidence of early reactions to horse-derived f(ab')(2) antivenom for snakebites in thailand. | although antivenom is effective for systemic effects of snake envenomation, the possibility of fatal hypersensitivity reactions must be considered. the risks vary greatly among different products and cannot be excluded by negative skin test. however, clinical outcomes of patients with positive skin test remain to be determined. the medical records of 254 cases receiving antivenoms during 1997-2006 were reviewed. most were for green pit vipers (84%) and cobras (13%). early reactions occurred in 9 ... | 2008 | 17996842 |
| snake venom metalloproteinases, crotarhagin and alborhagin, induce ectodomain shedding of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein vi. | glycoprotein (gp)vi, that binds collagen, together with gpib-ix-v which binds vonwillebrand factor, forms an adheso-signalling complex on platelets that initiates thrombus formation in haemostasis and thrombosis. in this study, we show that two snake venom metalloproteinases, crotarhagin and alborhagin, induce ectodomain shedding of gpvi by a mechanism that involves activation of endogenous platelet metalloproteinases. alborhagin is a viper venom metalloproteinase from trimeresurus albolabris, w ... | 2007 | 18064326 |
| expression and functional characterization of chitribrisin, a thrombin-like enzyme, in the venom of the chinese green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris). | in the present study, functionally active, recombinant chitribrisin, which is a thrombin-like enzyme in the venom of the chinese green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris), was expressed and purified using a prokaryotic system. the fusion protein of chitribrisin, together with trxa and 6x his via an e.coli expression vector pet-32a(+), was successfully expressed in e.coli bl21(de3) cells. after the fusion protein was isolated and purified by chelated ni(2+) resin and specifically cleaved by enter ... | 2009 | 19303445 |
| oral bacterial flora of the chinese cobra (naja atra) and bamboo pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) in hong kong sar, china. | to determine the oral bacterial flora associated with two common local venomous snakes in hong kong, namely the chinese cobra (naja atra) and the bamboo pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris). | 2009 | 19494373 |
| commissioned article: management of exotic snakebites. | exotic (foreign or non-native) snakes, including venomous species, are becoming increasingly popular pets in western countries. some of them are kept illegally (as defined by the uk dangerous wild animals act of 1976). there is a large international market for such animals, with contraventions of the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (cites). in the uk, several other european countries and the usa the reported numbers of bites by venomous exotic snak ... | 2009 | 19535618 |
| characterization and molecular cloning of one novel c-type lectin from the venom of taiwan habu (trimeresurus mucrosquamatus). | one novel snake venom factor (termed trimecetin) was isolated and purified from the venom of taiwan habu (trimeresurus mucrosquamatus). the purified venom factor was shown to consist of two subunit chains linked by one disulfide bond. this two-chain factor showed high sequence homology at their n-terminal segments to some previously reported venom proteins such as alboaggregin-b isolated from trimeresurus albolabris and agkicetin from agkistrodon acutus. the cdna clones corresponding to the two ... | 2010 | 19931300 |
| a cross-sectional survey of snake oral bacterial flora from hong kong, sar, china. | to determine the pattern of oral bacterial flora and their sensitivity to antibiotics in freshly captured native snakes in hong kong sar, people's republic of china. | 2011 | 20511640 |
| albocollagenase, a novel recombinant p-iii snake venom metalloproteinase from green pit viper (cryptelytrops albolabris), digests collagen and inhibits platelet aggregation. | molecular cloning and functional characterization of p-iii snake venom metalloproteinases (svmps) will give us deeper insights in the pathogenesis of viper bites. this may lead to novel therapy for venom-induced local tissue damages, the complication refractory to current antivenom. the aim of this study was to elucidate the in vitro activities of a new svmp from the green pit viper (gpv) using recombinant dna technology. we report, here, a new cdna clone from gpv (cryptelytrops albolabris) veno ... | 2011 | 21333669 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of alboaggregin d, a novel platelet activating protein, from green pit viper (cryptelytrops albolabris) venom. | viper venoms are abundant sources of proteins affecting hemostasis. this study aimed to clone and purify a high-molecular weight c-type lectin-like protein (snaclec) from green pit viper (cryptelytrops albolabris) venom, as well as to characterize its effects on human platelets. based on the partial sequences from the c. albolabris venom gland library, we cloned full-length cdnas encoding the snaclec subunits using 5'race and 3'race methods. the cdna sequence of the α subunit contained 477 base ... | 2011 | 22033027 |
| isolation and characterization of the thrombin-like enzyme from cryptelytrops albolabris (white-lipped tree viper) venom. | a thrombin-like enzyme (termed albolabrase) was isolated in purified form from the venom of cryptelytrops albolabris (white-lipped tree viper) using high performance anion ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. the molecular mass of albolabrase was 33.7 kda as determined by sds-page and 35.8 kda as determined by superose gel filtration chromatography. the n-terminal sequence was determined to be vvggdecnine which is homologous to many snake venom thrombin-like enzymes. albolabrase exhib ... | 2012 | 21983189 |
| a study of the coagulant activity of indian green pit viper venom. | indian green pit viper venom was studied for its coagulant activity. it was observed that the venom contained a significant amount of coagulant activity, which was similar to thrombin in its action on plasma as well as on fibrinogen. the physicochemical properties studied suggested that the venom coagulant activity lacked both platelet aggregating and factor xiii activating properties. unlike thrombin, the activity was retained in the presence of heparin and at high temperatures. the activity wa ... | 2011 | 3130059 |
| clinical patterns of bleeding following russell's viper and green pit viper bites in adults. | | 2004 | 524150 |
| effective equine immunization protocol for production of potent poly-specific antisera against calloselasma rhodostoma, cryptelytrops albolabris and daboia siamensis. | snake envenomation has been estimated to affect 1.8 million people annually with about 94,000 deaths mostly in poor tropical countries. specific antivenoms are the only rational and effective therapy for these cases. efforts are being made to produce effective, affordable and sufficient antivenoms for these victims. the immunization process, which has rarely been described in detail, is one step that needs to be rigorously studied and improved especially with regard to the production of polyspec ... | 2015 | 25774998 |
| digital gangrene following a green pit viper bite. | in hong kong, the white-lipped green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) accounts for the majority of venomous snake bites. in these patients, the cardinal features are local pain and swelling and mild coagulation abnormalities, but digital gangrene is uncommon. a 58-year-old woman was bitten on the left middle finger pulp by a white-lipped green pit viper. she developed local pain and swelling and coagulopathy, complicated by pulp tissue necrosis and digital gangrene of left middle finger. she ... | 2010 | 20578498 |
| clinical features and hospital management of bites by the white-lipped green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris). | the clinical features and hospital management of 31 patients who were bitten by the white-lipped green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) in hong kong are reviewed. the cardinal features in these patients were local pain and swelling and mild coagulation abnormalities. hospital management should include prophylaxis against tetanus, analgesics and measures to reduce local effects such as elevation of the limb. the benefits of the use of prophylactic antibiotics remain to be established. severe c ... | 1993 | 7939957 |
| ta-2, a thrombin-like enzyme from the chinese white-lipped green pitviper (trimeresurus albolabris): isolation, biochemical and biological characterization. | through three chromatographic steps, a new thrombin-like enzyme (tle), named ta-2, from the venom of the chinese white-lipped green pitviper (trimeresurus albolabris) has been isolated and purified to homogeneity. ta-2 was a single-chain glycoprotein with about 6% sugar, pi 3.9 and a molecular weight of 38.8 kd. its n-terminal sequence (vvggdecnin) showed high sequence conformity with many other tles. in vitro, it coagulated bovine fibrinogen (108.6 nih units/mg) and cleaved the aα and bβ chains ... | 2012 | 22610139 |
| binding of a novel 50-kilodalton alboaggregin from trimeresurus albolabris and related viper venom proteins to the platelet membrane glycoprotein ib-ix-v complex. effect on platelet aggregation and glycoprotein ib-mediated platelet activation. | binding of the multimeric adhesive glycoprotein, von willebrand factor (vwf), to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (gp) ib-ix-v complex mediates platelet adhesion and initiates signal transduction leading to platelet activation. recently described viper venom proteins that bind to the gp ib alpha-chain and inhibit vwf binding provide novel probes for studying receptor function. we have purified a 50-kda form of alboaggregin from the white-lipped tree viper (trimeresurus albolabris) and two 25-k ... | 1996 | 8823201 |
| anti-trimeresurus albolabris venom igy antibodies: preparation, purification and neutralization efficacy. | snakebite incidence in southwestern china is mainly attributed to one of the several venomous snakes found in the country, the white-lipped green pit viper trimeresurus albolabris. since antivenom produced from horses may cause numerous clinical side effects, the present study was conducted aiming to develop an alternative antivenom antibody (immunoglobulin y - igy) from leghorn chickens. | 2016 | 27563307 |
| the role of prothrombin time (pt) in evaluating green pit viper (cryptelytrops sp) bitten patients. | viper bites cause consumptive coagulopathy resulting in hypofibrinogenaemia. whole-blood clotting time is a standard test used to assess bleeding risk. prothrombin time (pt) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) are better standardised assays that are widely available, but their diagnostic accuracy in viper bites remains unknown. adult patients presumed bitten by green pit vipers (cryptelytops sp.) were enrolled. conventional venous clotting time (vct), 20min whole-blood clotting time ... | 2012 | 22627102 |
| capacity of thai green pit viper antivenom to neutralize the venoms of thai trimeresurus snakes and comparison of biological activities of these venoms. | the capacity of thai green pit viper antivenom raised to trimeresurus albolabris to neutralize the venoms from six species of trimeresurus sp. in thailand has been examined. they were trimeresurus albolabris, t. macrops, t. popeiorum, t. hageni, t. purpureomaculatus, and t. kanburiensis. the antivenom neutralized lethal and hemorrhagic activities of all these venoms. the capacity of antivenom to neutralize lethal toxicity of the venom was expressed as the amounts (mg) of snake venom neutralized ... | 2002 | 12182545 |
| preparation and neutralization efficacy of igy antibodies raised againstdeinagkistrodon acutusvenom. | the five-paced pit viper (deinagkistrodon acutus), endemic to china and northern vietnam, is responsible for most snakebites in the chinese territory. antivenom produced from horses is the main treatment for snakebites, but it may cause numerous clinical side effects and have other disadvantages involved in their production such as the welfare of animals. the present study was conducted aiming to develop an alternative antibody (igy) from the egg yolk of leghorn chickens immunized with snake ven ... | 2017 | 28396683 |
| comparison of green pit viper and agkistrodon halys antivenom in inhibition of coagulopathy due to trimeresurus albolabris venom: an in-vitro study using human plasma. | there are two antivenoms that may be administered in hong kong following a bite by trimeresurus albolabris: the green pit viper antivenom from the thai red cross society in thailand and the agkistrodon halys antivenom from the shanghai institute of biological products in china. both are recommended by the central coordinating committee of accident and emergency services of the hospital authority for treating patients with a bite by trimeresurus albolabris. the choice of which antivenom to use is ... | 2017 | 27909267 |
| the role of prednisolone in reducing limb oedema in children bitten by green pit vipers: a randomized, controlled trial. | when green pit vipers (gpv), which are common venomous snakes in thailand, bite humans they cause coagulopathy as well as local tissue oedema. the use of steroids to reduce such oedema is controversial. the role of low, oral doses of prednisolone in the treatment of gpv bites in children has therefore now been assessed, in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in bangkok. overall, 43 children aged 3-15 years, each with a recent gpv bite to one limb, were randomly assig ... | 2008 | 18817605 |
| green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris and t. macrops) venom antigenaemia and kinetics in humans. | green pit viper bite is a common public health problem in southeast asia. although most patients experience only local swelling, some may suffer from severe systemic bleeding that can be delayed. venom antigenaemia was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with clinical findings in 42 patients. initial venom antigenaemia was not predictive enough for clinical uses. a kinetic study (n = 27) showed highest levels at presentation and, then, progressive decline. the average ha ... | 2007 | 17988477 |
| a trend of platelet indices in patients with green pit viper toxin. | the green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris and trimeresurus macrops) is a common venomous snake in thailand. the green pit viper venom has major effects on the hematologic system. the venom is found to have a thrombin-like effect in vitro but cause a defibrination syndrome in vivo. unlike other pit viper snakes (such as malayan pit viper and russel's pit viper), the venomous effect on red blood cells is rarely mentioned. clinical features of venomous snake bites vary from asymptomatic to fatal ... | 2003 | 14653444 |
| incidence, clinical manifestation and general management of snake bites. | there are regional patterns in snake-bites. bites by cobras have a high incidence in thailand and in the philippines with a high case fatality rate. among the venomous snakes of haemorrhagic nature, bites by trimeresurus species such as green pit viper, taiwan habu and taiwan bamboo viper are important in thailand and taiwan for their high incidence of bite, although the case fatality rates are low. bites by malayan pit vipers are also important in thailand and malaysia because of their high inc ... | 1979 | 524149 |
| neurological involvement and hepatocellular injury caused by a snake with hematotoxin envenomation. | venomous snakes with hematotoxin-russell's viper (daboia spp), malayan pit viper (calloselasma rhodostoma), and green pit viper (cryptelytrops albolabris and c macrops, previously named trimeresurus spp) are commonly found in thailand. coagulation factor activation, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation are the main mechanisms of hemorrhaging from these snake bites. the neurological involvement and hepatocellular injury after russell's viper bites were r ... | 2015 | 25890858 |
| snakebite nephrotoxicity in asia. | snakebites have the highest incidence in asia and represent an important health problem. clinical renal manifestations include proteinuria, hematuria, pigmenturia, and renal failure. nephropathy usually is caused by bites by snakes with hemotoxic or myotoxic venoms. these snakes are russell's viper, saw-scaled viper, hump-nosed pit viper, green pit viper, and sea-snake. renal pathologic changes include tubular necrosis, cortical necrosis, interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculiti ... | 2008 | 18620959 |
| bites by russell's vipers (daboia russelii siamensis) in myanmar: effect of the snake's length and recent feeding on venom antigenaemia and severity of envenoming. | an improved enzyme immunoassay technique (eia) was used in the diagnosis of 311 suspected russell's viper bite cases in myanmar [burma], 181 of whom (58%) had systemic envenoming. russell's viper venom was detected in the sera of 175 (56.3%), cobra or green pit viper venoms in 4 (1.3%), and no venom in the remaining 132 (42.4). among 175 of these patients who failed to bring the dead snake, eia achieved a specific diagnosis of russell's viper envenoming in 101 (58%). the serum venom antigen conc ... | 2010 | 1839340 |
| bites by the white-lipped pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) and other species in hong kong. a survey of 4 years' experience at the prince of wales hospital. | the case records of 242 snake bite victims admitted to the prince of wales hospital in hong kong between september 1984 and october 1988 were studied retrospectively. when the snake was identified, the white-lipped pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) was by far the commonest species involved. in addition to local oedema and inflammation, evidence of a significant blood clotting disturbance was present in at least 10% of cases, defibrination and thrombocytopenia being the commonest findings. sinc ... | 1990 | 2325197 |
| clinical manifestations of bleeding following russell's viper and green pit viper bites in adults. | clinical features and laboratory investigations following bites by russell's viper and green pit viper were described. bleeding was the most important manifestation of envenomation. clinically, bleeding patterns were local and systemic. swelling was the principal local effect. russell' viper victims showed less local effect but frequently developed renal complication i.e. acute renal failure. the local effects were more marked in green pit viper victims. digital bites developed gangrene more fre ... | 1980 | 7434080 |
| the kidney in tropical snakebite. | renal pathological changes were studied by renal biopsy in 31 patients bitten by tropical poisonous snakes which included seasnake (2 cases), cobra (11 cases), green-pit viper (8 cases) and russell's viper (10 cases). renal failure was present only in patients bitten by seasnake and russell's viper. glomerular mesangial proliferation was noted in the victims of cobra, green-pit viper and russell's viper. there was deposition of igm and c3 in the glomerular mesangium with extension along the capi ... | 1977 | 912952 |
| safety profile of snake antivenom (use) in hong kong - a review of 191 cases from 2008 to 2015. | the mainstay of treatment for significant envenoming from snakebites is antivenom. however, there is insufficient data regarding the safety of antivenom used in hong kong. we describe the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions from antivenom use and review the frequency and reasons for intensive care unit (icu) admission. | 2017 | 28657429 |
| green pit viper antivenom from thailand and agkistrodon halys antivenom from china compared in treating cryptelytrops albolabris envenomation of mice. | to compare the relative efficacy of the green pit viper antivenom from thailand and agkistrodon halys antivenom from china. design. in-vivo experimental study. | 2012 | 22302910 |
| severe coagulopathy associated with white-lipped green pit viper bite. | the authors report a case of trimeresurus albolabris (white-lipped green pit viper) bite in a 6-year-old girl living in rural yuen long. despite repeated use of agkistrodon halys antivenin, the patient developed severe coagulopathy with defibrination syndrome on the fourth day of envenomation, which was also refractory to therapy with fresh frozen plasma. when treatment was switched to green pit viper antivenin, the coagulopathy resolved promptly. the case is illustrative of the potential lethal ... | 2007 | 17914147 |
| viperous fangs: development and evolution of the venom canal. | fangs are specialised long teeth that contain either a superficial groove (gila monster, beaded lizard, some colubrid snakes), along which the venom runs, or an enclosed canal (viperid, elapid and atractaspid), down which the venom flows inside the tooth. the fangs of viperid snakes are the most effective venom-delivery structures among vertebrates and have been the focus of scientific interests for more than 200 years. despite this interest the questions of how the canal at the centre of the fa ... | 2010 | 18620048 |
| antivenom cross neutralisation in a suspected asian pit viper envenoming causing severe coagulopathy. | there is evidence of cross-neutralisation between common toxin groups in snake venoms and therefore the potential for antivenoms to be effective against species they are not raised against. here we present a 49 year old female bitten by an unknown pit-viper in nepal. she developed a venom induced consumption coagulopathy with an unrecordable international normalised ratio and undetectable fibrinogen. on return to australia 5 days post-bite she was treated successfully with one antivenom raised a ... | 2014 | 25178876 |
| [dna barcoding and its utility in commonly-used medicinal snakes]. | identification accuracy of traditional chinese medicine is crucial for the traditional chinese medicine research, production and application. dna barcoding based on the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi), are more and more used for identification of traditional chinese medicine. using universal barcoding primers to sequence, we discussed the feasibility of dna barcoding method for identification commonly-used medicinal snakes (a total of 109 samples belonging to 1 ... | 2015 | 26087547 |
| biological activities of peristrophe bivalvis extracts: promising potential for anti-snake venoms against naja kaouthia and trimeresurus albolabris venoms. | this study evaluates the in vitro anti-snake venom potential of peristrophe bivalvis (pb) extracts against naja kaouthia (nk) and trimeresurus albolabris (ta) venoms, including inhibition of cytotoxic effects and enzymatic activities, and the binding-precipitation of extracts and venom proteins analysis. in addition, the antioxidant, cytotoxic and in vivo acute oral toxic activities of pb extracts are also reported. the in vitro cytotoxic and enzymatic analysis reveals that the ethanol extracts ... | 2016 | 25942501 |
| cross reactivity and lethality neutralization of venoms of indonesian trimeresurus complex species by thai green pit viper antivenom. | arboreal pit vipers of the trimeresurus complex group are medically important species in indonesia (west of wallace's line), but there is no specific antivenom produced in the country for treating related envenomation. instead, the exiting trivalent indonesian antivenom, biosave®serum anti bisa ular (sabu, indicated for envenoming by malayan pit viper, javan spitting cobra and banded krait) is often misused to treat trimeresus envenoming resulting in poor therapeutic outcome. here, we investigat ... | 2017 | 29051104 |
| efficacy and cross reactivity of thai green pit viper antivenom among venoms of trimeresurus species in thailand and japan. | the efficacy of the thai green pit viper antivenom to neutralize lethal, hemorrhagic, and enzyme activities of trimeresurus venoms was examined using venoms of trimeresurus albolabris, t. macrops, and t. flavoviridis (japanese habu). antivenom against japanese habu venom was also used to study immunological cross reactivity among trimeresurus venoms. thai green pit viper antivenom was comparably effective to habu antivenom to neutralize all activities. distinct cross neutralization was demonstra ... | 1998 | 9678190 |
| complete clinical course of envenomation by protobothrops mangshanensis: delayed coagulopathy and response to trimeresurus albolabris antivenom. | protobothrops mangshanensis, the mangshan pit viper, is a rare pit viper native to the area surrounding mount mang in china's hunan province. toxicity from envenomation is not well characterized. | 2016 | 26830495 |
| protobothrops mangshanensis bite: first clinical report of envenoming and its treatment. | this case report presents envenoming by the chinese pit viper protobothrops mangshanensis (formerly zhaoermia) and its treatment. | 2012 | 22660227 |
| white-lipped tree viper (cryptelytrops albolabris) envenomation in an american viper keeper. | snakebites are common in many regions of the united states. bites from exotic species, however, are rare. the white-lipped tree viper, cryptelytrops (formerly trimeresurus) albolabris, is a pit viper native to southeast asia. bites are common in countries such as myanmar, india, thailand, indonesia, and china. in this report, we describe an envenomation in an american viper keeper. | 2017 | 29102099 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of green pit viper (trimeresurus trigonocephalus) envenoming in sri lanka. | green pit viper is a venomous endemic snake in sri lanka. but little is known regarding its envenoming in the country. this study was carried out in order to find out epidemiology and clinical profile of its bites. a series of 17 patients with sri lankan green pit viper (trimeresurus trigonocephalus) bites was prospectively studied over 4 years. the mean age was 36 ½ years (range 12-61 years) and comprised 14 (82%) males. except one case, all bites occurred during day time (0600 h-1800 h) due to ... | 2017 | 28735968 |
| coagulopathy and extensive local swelling following green pit viper (trimeresurus trigonocephalus) envenoming in sri lanka. | trimeresurus trigonocephalus (sri lankan green pit viper) is a moderately venomous arboreal snake endemic to sri lanka. even though, its bites are not uncommon, published reports of such cases are limited to three in literature. we report three cases of coagulopathy following green pit viper bites and treatment with fresh frozen plasma. | 2017 | 28216410 |
| prospective, consecutive case series of 158 snakebite patients treated at savannakhet provincial hospital, lao people's democratic republic with high incidence of anaphylactic shock to horse derived f(ab')2 antivenom. | snakebites are a seriously neglected public health problem in lao pdr. community-based cross-sectional surveys in two districts of savannakhet province in southern laos revealed an incidence of up to 1105 snakebites per 100,000 persons per year. in contrast the number of snakebite patients treated in district and provincial hospitals are low. in order to improve health care for snakebite victims, antivenom was introduced to savannakhet provincial hospital in july 2013 and medical staff has been ... | 2016 | 26995210 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of sinovipera sichuanensis (reptilia: squamata: viperidae). | sinovipera sichuanensis is one of the asian green pit vipers with less concern. it is endemic to china and only known in hejiang, sichuan province and jiangkou, guizhou province. in this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome and characterize each partition. the complete mitochondrial genome is 17 225 bp in length containing 2 rrnas, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 control regions and 22 trnas. we use bayesian inference (bi) and maximum likelihood (ml) methods to infer the phylogenetic re ... | 2016 | 26406352 |
| the structure-function relationship of thrombin-like enzymes from the green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris). | pit viper venoms can decrease fibrinogen levels in snakebite patients. studies have shown that the hypofibrinogenemia is a consequence of snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (tles), the serine proteases that have the potential to be both diagnostic and therapeutic agents. exosites of thrombin are the molecular regions that determine the substrate specificities, but its presence and significance in tles are unclear. therefore, the putative exosites of recombinant tles derived from green pit viper ( ... | 2015 | 25912946 |
| new occurrence of sinovipera sichuanensis in guizhou. | three asian green pit vipers were collected in august 2013 during a field trip in fanjin mt. national conservation area, guizhou. these specimens were identified as sinovipera sichuanensis, based on subsequent examination and comparison. this is a new record of the genus sinovipera and s. sichuanensis in guizhou, and the first time that male specimens have been collected in the field. | 2014 | 25017757 |
| molecular cloning, expression and characterization of albolamin: a type p-iia snake venom metalloproteinase from green pit viper (cryptelytrops albolabris). | snake venom metalloproteinases (svmps) can damage vessel wall, degrade clotting factors, inhibit integrins and block platelet functions. studying them not only gives us deeper insights in pathogenesis of snakebites, but also potentially yields novel therapeutic agents. here, we discovered a clone of an rgd-containing svmp from the green pit viper (cryptelytrops albolabris) venom gland cdna library. sequence analysis revealed that it belonged to the p-iia subclass of svmp comprising signal peptid ... | 2014 | 24380672 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of trimeresurus albolabris (squamata: viperidae: crotalinae). | trimeresurus albolabris is the most widely distributed species in the genus trimeresurus and mainly in east and south-east asia. in this study, we first sequenced and characterized the whole mitochondrial genome of t. albolabris. the total length of the complete mitochondrial genome was 17,220 bp with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trnas, 2 rrnas and 2 control regions. the overall base composition of t. albolabris was 33.40% a, 27.04% t, 27.28% c, and 12.28% g. except for nd6 subunit gene and eight ... | 2015 | 24047165 |
| fast and furious: effects of body size on strike performance in an arboreal viper trimeresurus (cryptelytrops) albolabris. | body size has a pervasive effect on animal functioning and life history with size dependent changes in performance and physiology throughout ontogeny being common in many ectothermic vertebrates. however, as selection on juvenile life history stages is strong, juveniles often offset the disadvantages of small body size by disproportionate levels of performance. here, we investigate size-related changes in defensive strike performance in an arboreal pit viper, trimerusurus (cryptelytrops) albolab ... | 2011 | 20853417 |
| venomous snake bites in lao pdr: a retrospective study of 21 snakebite victims in a provincial hospital. | this is a retrospective case series report of 21 snakebite victims admitted to a provincial hospital 80 km north of the capital city vientiane between january 2007 and june 2008. there were 13 malayan pit viper (mpv) and 6 green pit viper (gpv) bites. two patients could not identify the snake, but developed severe coagulopathy and were therefore most likely bitten by a mpv or gpv. seven of 13 patients bitten by the mpv and 3 of 6 patients with gpv bites developed a coagulopathy; 2 patients bitte ... | 2010 | 20578499 |
| analysis of green pit viper (trimeresurus alborabris) venom protein by lc/ms-ms. | green pit viper venom has major effect on the hematological system having a thrombin-like effect. thus, this study is designed to analyze the composition of trimeresurus albolabris venom by performing gel filtration and lc/ms-ms. the purified protein was then digested by trypsin, and the tryptic fragments were analyzed by iontrap spectrophotometry. this study found four types of proteins, namely jerdonitin, stejaggregin-a beta chain-1, stejnobin, and stejnihagin-a, as the components of t. albola ... | 2011 | 18752267 |
| systemic antivenom and skin necrosis after green pit viper bites. | as systemic effects of viper venoms can be neutralized by antivenom, local tissue damage, particularly necrosis of the skin, has become a more significant problem. the goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of antivenom in preventing dermatonecrosis in envenomated patients with severe coagulopathy. | 2008 | 18259959 |
| the effect of green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) venom on platelet morphology by electron microscopy. | the incidence of venomous snake bites increases every year in thailand, especially due to green pit viper. after the bite, there is bleeding due to thrombin-like property of the venom. the mean platelet volume has been reported to be decreased in those who have been bitten by this snake. in this study we investigate the effect of green pit viper venom (trimeresurus albolabris) on platelet volume (mpv), number and morphology of platelets in vitro. the test was carried out by washing platelets in ... | 2006 | 17333736 |
| molecular cloning of novel serine proteases and phospholipases a2 from green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) venom gland cdna library. | green pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) is the most common venomous snake responsible for bites in bangkok. it causes local edema and systemic hypofibrinogenemia resulted from the thrombin-like, as well as the fibrinolytic effects of the venom. however, the amino acid sequences of these venom proteins have never been reported. in this study, we have cloned five novel serine proteases from the thai t. albolabris venom gland cdna library. they were all closely homologous to the corresponding ser ... | 2006 | 16373075 |
| snakebites in children in the densely populated city of hong kong: a 10-year survey. | to review the pattern and characteristics of snakebites in children in rural hong kong. | 2004 | 15046287 |
| alboluxin, a snake c-type lectin from trimeresurus albolabris venom is a potent platelet agonist acting via gpib and gpvi. | alboluxin, a potent platelet activator, was purified from trimeresurus albolabris venom with a mass of 120 kda non-reduced and, after reduction, subunits of 17 and 24 kda. alboluxin induced a tyrosine phosphorylation profile in platelets that resembles those produced by collagen and convulxin, involving the time dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of fc receptor gamma chain (fc gamma), phospholipase cgamma2 (plcgamma2), lat and p72syk. antibodies against both gpib and gpvi inhibited platelet aggr ... | 2002 | 12008953 |
| a hemorrhagin as a metalloprotease in the venom of trimeresurus purpureomaculatus: purification and characterization. | a major hemorrhagin was purified from the venom of the thai green pit viper (trimeresurus purpureomaculatus) by gel filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. a 15-fold purification was achieved with an overall yield of 7% of hemorrhagic activity. the hemorrhagin was homogeneous according to disc- and sds-page as well as on immunodiffusion. the molecular weight determined by sds-page was 72kda. the purified hemorrhagin expresses proteolytic activity with heat-denatured casein and hide ... | 2002 | 11738239 |
| the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a medically important snake, trimeresurus albolabris. | there are a huge number of phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial dna (mtdna); however, these may represent gene trees that may not be congruent with the species tree. a solution to this problem is to include additional, independent, loci from the nuclear genome. at fine taxonomic levels, i.e. between populations and closely related species, previously suggested nuclear markers such as intron sequence data may not be appropriate. in this study we investigate the use of amplified fragment le ... | 2001 | 11298956 |
| prognostic factors of green pit viper bites. | clinical features of green pit viper bites vary from asymptomatic to fatal bleeding. antivenin promptly reverses the coagulopathy but has considerable adverse side effects. in this study, potential clinical predictors of severe outcomes (wound necrosis, wound infection, and systemic bleeding) and antivenin allergy were determined in 271 moderate to severe cases of green pit viper bites by multivariate analysis. the incidences of systemic bleeding, wound necrosis, secondary infection, and antiven ... | 1998 | 9452286 |
| primary structure of alboaggregin-b purified from the venom of trimeresurus albolabris. | the complete amino acid sequences of alpha and beta subunits of alboaggregin-beta are presented. the alpha and beta subunits were separated by reversed-phase hplc after reduction and s-pyridylethylation, and their sequences were determined by analysis of peptides generated by enzymatic or chemical digestion. the alpha and beta subunits consist of 133 and 123 amino acid residues, respectively. the sequences are highly homologous to each other (41.4% identity) and also to those of the alpha and be ... | 1996 | 8645249 |
| blood coagulation abnormalities associated with envenoming by trimeresurus albolabris in hong kong. | snake bites in hong kong are most commonly due to tr. albolabris (white-lipped pit viper, bamboo snake). we studied 21 cases of envenoming by tr. albolabris prospectively in order to document the incidence and severity of associated coagulation abnormalities. eighteen patients (86%) had increased blood concentrations of fibrin degradation products (fdp) ranging from 10-40 micrograms/l to greater than 200 micrograms/l (normal: less than 10 micrograms/l), the majority of whom also had detectable s ... | 1993 | 8266156 |
| alboaggregin-b and botrocetin, two snake venom proteins with highly homologous amino acid sequences but totally distinct functions on von willebrand factor binding to platelets. | alboaggregin-b (al-b) (peng et al., biochemistry (1991) 30, 11529-11536) was highly purified from the snake venom of trimeresurus albolabris and characterized structurally and functionally, comparing with botrocetin, another snake venom protein recently characterized (usami et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa (1993) 90, 928-932). both the venom proteins are a heterodimer and show a high degree of sequence homology to each other and also to c-type lectins. botrocetin specifically binds to von will ... | 1993 | 8466514 |
| identification of the disulfide bond pattern in albolabrin, an rgd-containing peptide from the venom of trimeresurus albolabris: significance for the expression of platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. | albolabrin is a 73 amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of trimeresurus albolabris. it contains an rgd sequence and 12 cysteines and is a potent inhibitor of both platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding to the gpiib/iiia complex. this protein shows a high degree of analogy (primarily due to the alignment of all cysteines and the rgd) with a number of other viper venom proteins which inhibit cell adhesion and platelet aggregation and are referred to as disintegrins: rhodostomin, trigram ... | 1991 | 2036389 |
| arboreal green pit vipers (genus trimeresurus) of south-east asia: bites by t. albolabris and t. macrops in thailand and a review of the literature. | in thailand 29 patients were proved to have been bitten by arboreal green pit vipers: 24 by trimeresurus albolabris and 5 by t. macrops. they were studied in order to define the clinical effects of envenoming, to characterize the haemostatic abnormalities and assess the efficacy of thai red cross antivenom. t. macrops caused only local painful swelling, neutrophil leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia. t. albolabris caused more severe envenoming with local blistering and necrosis, shock, spontaneous ... | 2009 | 2096527 |
| bites by dark green pit vipers in bangkok. | | 1990 | 2372090 |
| the species of green pit viper in bangkok. | the aims of this study were to delineate the species of green pit viper and clinical patterns in bangkok areas. this study was a blind independent comparison. among 188 green pit vipers collected only two species, i.e. trimeresurus alborabris and t. macrops were found. there were no differences in snake sizes and in clinical patterns of snake bite. the majority of the clinical cases (90.1%) was classified as of mild degree of severity and severe envenomation was observed only in t. alborabris vi ... | 1990 | 2237591 |
| dark green pit viper (trimeresurus popeorum) bite: clinical and serial coagulation profiles in 51 cases. | trimeresurus popeorum, a dark green pit viper, is commonly found in southeast asia. this study describes the clinical picture and blood studies of 51 patients bitten by this snake. affected limbs were swollen; and hemorrhagic blebs in fingers and toes were found in 12 patients. lymphangitis was observed in 4 instances. six individuals exhibited hypofibrinogenemia of 0-84 mg/dl, and 2 cases developed thrombocytopenia and bleeding. the presence of venom in the blood of these patients was demonstra ... | 1989 | 2817213 |
| severe cases of green pit viper snake venom poisoning. | two severe cases of green pit viper bites were reported. the clinical manifestations were severe bleeding and diarrhea. the first patient had acute renal failure complicated from severe diarrhea and hypovolemia. hematological findings showed hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia. renal biopsy performed in the first case showed a picture compatible with that of the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis. green pit viper antivenine serum together with symptomatic and supportive treatment was g ... | 1989 | 2584906 |
| [prolong bleeding after extraction from green pit venom]. | a case of prolonged socket bleeding after extraction is reported to have been caused by a recent green pit viper snake bite. the snake is a common tropical creature. several cases bitten are seen in general medical clinic yearly. pain and local symptoms lead most patient to doctor's attention; while coagulopathy, the other clinical features are usually not being aware of. the 66-year-old patient who had been bitten by the snake a day earlier, of having tooth extraction was referred to rachaburi ... | 2006 | 2637904 |
| clinical features of viper bites in 72 thai children. | a study of snake bites in 72 children admitted to department of paediatrics chulalongkorn hospital, during january 1972 to december 1977, was investigated in depth. in 29 cases, snakes were definitely identified as green pit viper. nature of the bite was demonstrated. their two main clinical manifestations were local swelling and bleeding diathesis. the former was graded i to iv in increasing severity. the latter consisted of ecchymosis, haematoma, haematemesis, haematuria, bleeding gums, epista ... | 1982 | 7170646 |
| prolonged defibrination syndrome after green pit viper bite with persisting venom activity in patient's blood. | venom activity in citrated plasma from a patient with a green pit viper bite was demonstrated by measuring its ability to decrease fibrinogen levels in normal plasma for six days after the bite. by in-vitro study, the minimal amount of crude venom to induce hypofibrinogenemia was 0.5 microgram/ml of normal plasma. the findings explained the continuing defibrination with bleeding and especially the failure of fresh-frozen plasma transfusion to correct hypofibrinogenemia in this patient. the most ... | 1981 | 7457431 |
| effects of green pit viper (trimeresurus erythrurus and trimeresurus popeorum) venoms on blood coagulation, platelets and the fibrinolytic enzyme systems: studies in vivo and in vitro. | | 1973 | 4751708 |