| the resistance of three species of warm-blooded animals to western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom. | | 1979 | 524385 |
| changes in coagulation effects by venoms of crotalus atrox as snakes age. | venom samples separately collected at monthly intervals from three crotalus atrox specimens as they aged from 2 to 22 months showed many quantitative changes of biological activities. but more important were qualitative changes of coagulation activity. up to 8 months the venoms clotted fibrinogen solutions directly. at 9 to 10 months, plasma was clotted but not fibrinogen. subsequently the venoms no longer clotted plasma. qualitative venom changes with growth of snakes could explain some of the ... | 1978 | 717632 |
| isolation and characterization of reptilian insulin: partial amino acid sequence of rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) insulin. | | 1976 | 939409 |
| comparative biochemistry and pharmacology of salivary gland secretions. iii. chromatographic isolation of a myocardial depressor protein (mdp) from the venom of crotalus atrox. | a protein has been isolated from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) which induces acute myocardial depression when administered to experimental animals. purification was achieved by gel filtration on sephadex g-100, deae- and cm-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, ultra-filtration, and adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite. amino acid analysis of the highly purified protein indicated n-terminal isoleucine and c-terminal tyrosine residues, and the absence o ... | 1976 | 965463 |
| hypotension--a hypotensive peptide isolated from crotalus atrox venom: purification, amino acid composition and terminal amino acid residues. | | 1976 | 976484 |
| [hydrolysis of 5'-phosphonates and nucleoside phosphates by phosphatases of various origin and human and calf serum]. | the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphonates of 2'-deoxythymidine and its 3'-modified analogs, inhibiting the hiv reproduction, by the e. coli alkaline, calf intestine and human placenta phosphatases as well as by the crotalus atrox venom 5'-nucleotidase were studied. transformations of 5'-phosphonates of adenosine and its analogs during incubation with human and fetal calf blood sera were investigated. the nucleotide derivatives modified at the phosphate residue were not hydrolyzed by any of the phosphata ... | 1992 | 1335121 |
| evaluation of four different immunogens for the production of snake antivenoms. | four different immunogens were used to produce polyvalent antivenom in rabbits to the venoms of bothrops atrox, crotalus atrox, crotalus adamanteus and crotalus durissus terrificus. the immunogens were: (1) unfractionated mixture of the four crude venoms, and three fractions of the mixture as follows, (2) hplc gel filtration high (> 50,000) mol. wt fraction, (3) hplc gel filtration medium (14,000-50,000) mol. wt fraction, and (4) hplc gel filtration low (< 14,000) mol. wt fraction. the resultant ... | 1992 | 1485332 |
| sequence determination and characterization of a phospholipase a2 isozyme from trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake) venom. | in addition to phospholipase a2-i (pla2-i) reported previously (oda et al., 1991, toxicon 29, 157), a new pla2 named pla2-ii was isolated from trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake) venom, and its amino acid sequence was determined by sequencing the native protein and the peptides produced by enzymatic (achromobacter protease i and clostripain) cleavages of the carboxamidomethylated derivative of the protein. the protein consisted of 122 amino acid residues and his-47, asp-48, and asp-98 whic ... | 1992 | 1485333 |
| evidence that a secondary binding and protecting site for factor viii on von willebrand factor is highly unlikely. | a binding domain for factor viii (f.viii) has been previously identified on the n-terminal portion of human von willebrand factor (vwf) subunit [amino acids (aa) 1-272]. in order to characterize other possible structures of vwf involved in its capacity to bind and to protect f.viii against human activated protein c (apc), we used a series of purified vwf fragments overlapping the whole sequence of the subunit. among those were fragments spiii (dimer; aa 1-1365), spii (dimer; aa 1366-2050) and sp ... | 1992 | 1531749 |
| structure of acidic phospholipase a2 for the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii at 2.8 a resolution. | the crystal structure of acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii has been determined by molecular replacement methods based on the known structure of crotalus atrox pla2, a same group ii enzyme. the overall structures, except the calcium-binding regions, are very similar to each other. a calcium ion is pentagonally ligated to two carboxylate oxygen atoms of asp-49 and each carbonyl oxygen atoms of tyr-28, gly-30 and ala-31. a reason why the former enzyme functions ... | 1992 | 1567418 |
| interaction of hemorrhagic metalloproteinases with human alpha 2-macroglobulin. | the interaction between four crotalus atrox hemorrhagic metalloproteinases and human alpha 2-macroglobulin was investigated. the proteolytic activity of the hemorrhagic toxins ht-c, -d, and -e against the large molecular weight protein substrates, gelatin type i and collagen type iv, was completely inhibited by alpha 2-macroglobulin. the proteolytic activity of ht-a against the same substrates was not significantly inhibited. each mole of alpha 2-macroglobulin bound maximally 2 mol of ht-e and 1 ... | 1990 | 1692735 |
| immunological properties of the fibrinolytic enzyme (fibrolase) from southern copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) venom and its purification by immunoaffinity chromatography. | an antibody to the fibrinolytic enzyme in southern copperhead venom was produced by immunizing rabbits with chromatographically purified enzyme. the antibody was purified from rabbit blood by ammonium sulfate fractionation and protein-a affinity chromatography. the purified antibody reacted only with the fibrinolytic enzyme in southern copperhead venom as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. western immunoblotting revealed that several snake venoms, including agkistrodon pi ... | 1991 | 1926169 |
| neutralization of kinin-releasing enzymes of crotalid venoms by monospecific and polyspecific antivenoms. | the amounts of kinin-releasing enzymes in the venoms of crotalus atrox, crotalus adamanteus, crotalus scutulatus scutulatus and agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus were measured by determining the amounts of kinin released from a sheep kininogen substrate by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. four monospecific and two commercial polyspecific antivenom igg samples were tested for their ability to reduce the kinin-releasing activities of the four crotalid venoms measured in vitro. all of the anti ... | 1991 | 1926178 |
| an indirect haemolytic assay for assessing antivenoms. | dilutions of antivenom, venom, human erythrocytes and a phosphatidylcholine suspension, were incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees c. after centrifugation, the liberated haemoglobin was measured spectrophotometrically. the assay was used to assess an ovine antivenom against the venom from the south american rattlesnake, crotalus durissus terrificus, and an equine wyeth antivenin (crotalidae, polyvalent). the ovine antivenom was more than five times as effective as the equine product. it also neutra ... | 1991 | 1949062 |
| specific binding of crotoxin to brain synaptosomes and synaptosomal membranes. | crotoxin, the presynaptic neurotoxin from crotalus durissus terrificus, was iodinated and used to demonstrate high affinity, specific binding to guinea-pig (cavia porcellus) brain synaptosomes and synaptosomal membrane fragments. 125i-crotoxin binding to the membrane fragments displays two binding plateaus, (kd1 = 4 nm and kd2 = 87 nm, bmax1 = 2 and bmax2 = 4 pmoles/mg membrane protein), but binding to whole synaptosomes revealed only one plateau (kd = 2 nm and bmax = 5 pmoles/mg membrane protei ... | 1991 | 1949068 |
| the hypotensive activity of crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) venom: identification of its origin. | viperidae snakes belonging to the genus crotalus, subfamily crotalinae, include the species durissus terrificus, durissus durissus, adamanteus, atrox, cerastes, horridus, molossus, scutulatus, viridis and others. all of them, except for the first 2, are found in north america. crotalus atrox, or diamondback rattlesnakes, live in the southwest united states and in mexico. this paper describes the fractionation of c. atrox venom in order to isolate and identify its hypotensive agents. | 1991 | 2035756 |
| structure of an engineered porcine phospholipase a2 with enhanced activity at 2.1 a resolution. comparison with the wild-type porcine and crotalus atrox phospholipase a2. | the crystal structure of an engineered phospholipase a2 with enhanced activity has been refined to an r-factor of 18.6% at 2.1 a resolution using a combination of molecular dynamics refinement by the gromos package and least-squares refinement by tnt. this mutant phospholipase was obtained previously by deleting residues 62 to 66 in porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2, and changing asp59 to ser, ser60 to gly and asn67 to tyr. the refined structure allowed a detailed comparison with wild-type por ... | 1990 | 2254938 |
| comparison of the immunogenicity and antigenic composition of several venoms of snakes in the family crotalidae. | crude venoms from the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis viridis), the western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox), the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus adamanteus) and the timber rattlesnake (crotalus horridus horridus) were used to prepare monovalent antivenoms in rabbits. each of these four monovalent antivenoms was reacted against six different venoms using the technique of immunoblotting (western blot) to determine the relative immunogenicity of the four venoms and to compa ... | 1990 | 2339435 |
| kinetics of the hydrolysis of mixed micelles of dipalmitoyllecithin with triton x-100 catalyzed by a phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | the ph dependence of kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of mixed micelles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (dic16pc) with triton x-100, catalyzed by the intact and the n-terminal alpha-nh2-modified phospholipases a2 (pla2s) of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, was studied at 25 degrees c and ionic strength 0.1 in the presence of saturating amounts of ca2+. the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of monodispersed dic6pc, catalyzed by the modified enzyme, was ... | 1990 | 2229006 |
| isoforms of a highly specific b beta-chain fibrinogenase from the venom of crotalus atrox: preliminary observations. | three variants of a crotalus atrox venom enzyme that cleaves primarily the arg42 - ala bond of the b beta-chain of human fibrinogen were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown by n-terminal sequence analysis to be amino acid isoforms. all are single-chain glycoproteins whose approximate molecular weights lie between 26,000 and 28,000. the isoenzymes also cleaved the a alpha-chain at arg491 - his, though much more weakly, with strengths for both bonds that varied among ... | 1990 | 2133222 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of phospholipases a2. | an extensive molecular dynamics study of phospholipases a2 from pancreatic bovine and crotalus atrox venom has shown that the well-conserved homologous core of the phospholipases a2, including the so called catalytic network, is very stable during the course of the calculations. the fluctuations which occur are located in segments which have significantly different three-dimensional conformations in the two phospholipases a2 studied, suggesting that a particularly stable core conformation gives ... | 1990 | 2075191 |
| [nle4, d-phe7]-alpha-msh: a superpotent melanotropin with prolonged action on vertebrate chromatophores. | the in vitro and in vivo responses of integumental chromatophores to alpha-msh and a related analogue, [nle4, d-phe7] -alpha-msh, were studied in a number of vertebrate species: the teleost, lebistes reticulatus; the amphibians, rana pipiens, r. catesbeiana, xenopus laevis, bufo alvarius, and b. cognatus; the lizard, anolis carolinensis; the rattlesnake, crotalus atrox. the alpha-melanotropin analogue was a superpotent agonist in the in vitro frog (r. pipiens, r. catesbeiana) and lizard (a. caro ... | 1985 | 2859941 |
| structure of recombinant human rheumatoid arthritic synovial fluid phospholipase a2 at 2.2 a resolution. | phospholipases a2 (pla2s) may be grouped into distinct families of proteins that catalyse the hydrolysis of the 2-acyl bond of phospholipids and perform a variety of biological functions. the best characterized are the small (relative molecular mass approximately 14,000) calcium-dependent, secretory enzymes of diverse origin, such as pancreatic and venom pla2s. the structures and functions of several pla2s are known. recently, high-resolution crystal structures of complexes of secretory pla2s wi ... | 1991 | 2062381 |
| the stereoselectivity of the clostridium perfringens phospholipase c: hydrolysis of thiophosphate analogs of phosphatidylcholine. | thiophosphate containing analogs of phosphatidylcholine have been synthesized with varying degrees of structural complexity. these analogs have been used in a continuous spectrophotometric assay for phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens in order to examine the requirement for substrate ester functionalities and the stereoselectivity of the enzyme. the substrate analogs with ester groups in the nonpolar portion of the molecule were acceptable substrates for phospholipase c, while those ana ... | 1987 | 2890329 |
| immunofluorescent localization of the ca2+-dependent proteinase and its inhibitor in tissues of crotalus atrox. | the native 108,000 dalton ca2+-dependent proteinase (cdp) and its 115,000 dalton protein inhibitor (cdpi) were purified from bovine skeletal muscle using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were used to elicit antibody production in rabbits and balb/c mice. polyclonal antibodies were purified as igg fractions by column chromatography; monoclonal antibodies were produced by the hybridoma technique. indirect immunofluorescence localization of cdp and cdpi in tissues of crotalus atrox sho ... | 1987 | 3035058 |
| comparison of the catalytic properties of phospholipase a2 from pancreas and venom using a continuous fluorescence displacement assay. | phospholipases a2 from pig pancreas and the venoms from bee, naja naja and crotalus atrox have been studied by using a new continuous fluorescence displacement assay that utilizes normal phospholipid substrates [wilton (1990) biochem. j. 266, 435-439]. with limiting amounts of substrate, the assay demonstrated stoichiometric conversion into products with both pancreatic and venom enzymes, and thus would allow phospholipid determination at concentrations down to about 0.1 microm. the substrate sp ... | 1991 | 1898370 |
| cross-reactivity and neutralization by rabbit antisera raised against crotoxin, its subunits and two related toxins. | antisera were raised against intact crotoxin (crotalus durissus terrificus), mojave toxin (crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) and concolor toxin (crotalus viridis concolor), as well as the subunits of crotoxin. double immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) demonstrated antigenic similarity between these three purified toxins and their subunits. additionally, when crotoxin antisera were pre-incubated with each of the three toxins before injection, the lethal activity of all w ... | 1986 | 3095955 |
| isolation from opossum serum of a metalloproteinase inhibitor homologous to human alpha 1b-glycoprotein. | fractionation of opossum (didelphis virginiana) serum with (nh4)2so4, followed by chromatography on deae-sepharose, phenyl-sepharose, and mono q hr 5/5, has resulted in the isolation in homogeneous condition of a metalloproteinase inhibitor designated oprin (opossum proteinase inhibitor). oprin is a single-chain glycoprotein (26% carbohydrate) with an estimated mr = 52,000, pi = 3.5, and e(1%/1 cm) = 11. oprin inhibited snake venom metalloproteinases, but showed no activity on venom serine prote ... | 1992 | 1731898 |
| atrotoxin: a specific agonist for calcium currents in heart. | a specific label for voltage-dependent calcium channels is essential for the isolation and purification of the membrane protein that constitutes the calcium channel and for a better understanding of its function. a fraction of crotalus atrox that increases voltage-dependent calcium currents in single, dispersed guinea pig ventricular cells was isolated. in the doses used, neither sodium nor potassium currents were changed. the fraction was active in the absence of detectable phospholipase or pro ... | 1985 | 3160111 |
| endothelial cell spreading on fibrin requires fibrinopeptide b cleavage and amino acid residues 15-42 of the beta chain. | adhesion and spreading of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells on fibrin surfaces of varying structure were characterized to understand better the interactions occurring between endothelium and fibrin at sites of vascular injury. fibrin prepared with reptilase, which cleaves only fibrinopeptide a from fibrinogen, and fibrin prepared with thrombin, which cleaves both fibrinopeptide a and fibrinopeptide b, equally supported endothelial cell adhesion. in contrast, only fibrin made with t ... | 1992 | 1541676 |
| effects of constriction bands on rattlesnake venom absorption: a pharmacokinetic study. | to determine whether the use of a constriction band alters systemic absorption of rattlesnake venom in pigs and whether constriction band use alters local swelling. | 1992 | 1514719 |
| comparison of the purity and efficacy of affinity purified avian antivenoms with commercial equine crotalid antivenoms. | antivenoms were raised in laying hens by repeated immunizations with detoxified crotalid snake venoms and purified from egg yolks by affinity chromatography. while the affinity purified avian antivenoms were essentially pure igg, commercial equine (wyeth) and w.h.o. international reference antivenoms (trimeresurus flavoviridis) contained several non-immunoglobulin contaminants. in standard mouse protection assays, the purified avian crotalus atrox and t. flavoviridis antivenoms were 6.3 and 2.0 ... | 1992 | 1440638 |
| rattlesnake and scorpion antivenoms from the egg yolks of immunized hens. | antivenoms used to treat poisonous bites and stings are usually derived from horse sera. consequently, they contain horse immunoglobulins, which frequently cause complement mediated side effects, and other proteins that can cause serum sickness and, occasionally, anaphylactic shock. here we describe a new, avian source of antivenoms that precludes these complications, and an efficient and gentle means for preparing antivenoms composed solely of venom-specific antibodies. we demonstrate that anti ... | 1990 | 1366776 |
| amino acid sequence of trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase a2. | the amino acid sequence of phospholipase a2 from the venom of trimeresurus flavoviridis (the habu snake) was determined. the enzyme subunit has a molecular weight of 13,764 and consists of a single polypeptide chain of 122 amino acids and seven disulfide bonds. the fragmentation was conducted by digesting the reduced and s-carboxymethylated derivative of the protein with achromobacter protease i, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, respectively. achromobacter protease i peptides were used for alignment a ... | 1986 | 3514593 |
| effect of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and procaine on hemorrhage induced by rattlesnake venom. | nineteen compounds and seven combinations of compounds were tested for their ability to neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of crotalus atrox venom in vitro and in vivo. two compounds and four combinations were effective in reducing hemorrhage in an in vivo test in which the venom was injected before injection of compounds. dtpa plus procaine hcl was the most effective combination and reduced hemorrhage when injected 1, 5, or 15 minutes after injection of venom. dtpa-procaine reduced hemorrhage ... | 1975 | 1133218 |
| fatty acid and prostaglandin composition of left ventricular myocardium from dexamethasone-treated dogs with severe low output syndrome (los). | the effects of dexamethasone (dex) administration on the left ventricular myocardial content of fatty acids and prostaglandins e1, e2 and f2alpha were studied. following a complete right and left cardiac catheterization, either dex (8 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of its vehicle was given intravenously 30 minutes prior to low output syndrome (los induction, and supplemental doses of dex (4 mg/kg) or vehicle administered at 15 and 75 minutes post-los induction. low output syndrome was induced by ... | 1976 | 935523 |
| resistance of woodrats (neotoma micropus) to crotalus atrox venom. | | 1978 | 635934 |
| the primary structure of a non-histone chromosomal protein. | the primary structure of the calf thymus non-histone chromosomal protein hmg-17 has been determined. the sequence was determined mainly from data provided by the peptides obtained by cleavage with staphylococcal protease. additional information was obtained from peptides produced by cleavage with trypsin and alpha-protease (from crotalus atrox venom) and by partial acid hydrolysis. the protein is 89 amino acid residues in length, and has molecular weight of 9247. the n-terminal two-thirds of the ... | 1977 | 330164 |
| treatment of an encephalitogenic peptide from guinea pig myelin basic protein with alpha-protease and thermolysin. isolation of fragments and determination of cleavage sites. | two peptic fragments (residues 37-88 and 43-88) of guinea pig myelin basic protein which are capable of inducing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in lewis rats were cleaved to shorter fragments with alpha-protease (crotalus atrox proteinase, ec 3.4.24.1) and thermolysin (ec 3.4.24.4). the fragments were isolated, purified, and identified by amino acid composition and nh2- and cooh-terminal residues. the time courses of the reactions, monitored by thin layer electrophoresis of the digests, ... | 1977 | 65352 |
| antigenic relationships of fractionated western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) hemorrhagic toxins and other rattlesnake venoms as indicated by monoclonal antibodies. | seven hemorrhagic factors have been isolated from crotalus atrox venom, but their antigenic relationships have not been well studied. in this study, two different monoclonal antibodies, c. atrox peak 8 (ca-p-8) and c. atrox subclone 5 (ca-5+), were produced against two c. atrox venom hemorrhagic fractions and used in an elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to determine if the hemorrhagic factors in c. atrox venom are antigenically related. the same elisa test was used to determine cross-rea ... | 1989 | 2718192 |
| thrombolysis with a snake venom protease in a rat model of venous thrombosis. | a fibrin(ogen)olytic protease isolated from the venom of crotalus atrox (the western diamondback rattlesnake) was tested for thrombolytic activity. the protease, called atroxase, solubilized fibrin when tested on fibrin plates and hydrolyzed fibrinogen rendering it incoagulable with a specific fibrinogenolytic activity of 42 mg fibrinogen/min/mg protein. atroxase was unable to activate plasminogen. in vivo, fibrinolytic activity was tested on artificial thrombi induced in the posterior vena cava ... | 1989 | 2646751 |
| catroxobin, a weakly thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of crotalus atrox. nh2-terminal and active site amino acid sequences. | two thrombin-like isoenzymes, termed catroxobins, were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography to electrophoretic homogeneity from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake, crotalus atrox. by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis their molecular weights were estimated to be 25,000 and 26,200. a 43-residue nh2-terminal sequence, containing the active histidine residue, was the same for the two isoenzymes. in addition, a 33-residue internal peptide from catroxobin i con ... | 1989 | 2617466 |
| the interaction of alpha2-macroglobulin with proteinases. binding and inhibition of mammalian collagenases and other metal proteinases. | 1. experiments were performed to determine whether the specific collagenases and other metal proteinases are bound and inhibited by alpha(2)-macroglobulin, as are endopeptidases of other classes. 2. a specific collagenase from rabbit synovial cells was inhibited by human serum. the inhibition could be attributed entirely to alpha(2)-macroglobulin; alpha(1)-trypsin inhibitor was not inhibitory. alpha(2)-macroglobulin presaturated with trypsin or cathepsin b1 did not inhibit collagenase, and pretr ... | 1974 | 4374931 |
| [enzymatic cleavage of native cysteine-containing polypeptides by thermolysin (ec 3.4.4.). ii. comparison of thermolysin with alpha-protease from crotalus atrox venom and subtilisin]. | | 1969 | 4391355 |
| the activity of pure phospholipase a2 from crotalus atrox venom on myelin and on pure phospholipids. | | 1974 | 4433546 |
| lung surface-active fraction as a model system for macromolecular ultrastructural studies with crotalus atrox venom. | the dog lung surface-active fraction and phosphatidylcholine constituents were subjected to hydrolysis by crotalus atrox phospholipase a(2). relative rates of hydrolysis were: dipalmitoyl glycerophosphorylcholine > phosphatidylcholine isolated from the surface-active fraction > phosphatidylcholine as an integral component of the intact surface-active macromolecular structure. cholesterol markedly inhibited, whereas tripalmitin increased, the rate of hydrolysis with both pure phosphatidylcholine ... | 1973 | 4739813 |
| elastolytic activity from venom of the rattlesnake crotalus atrox. | | 1973 | 4746906 |
| phospholipa2se a from crotalus atrox venom. i. purification and some properties. | | 1969 | 4979754 |
| conservation of human fibrinogen conformation after cleavage of the b beta chain nh2 terminus. | human fibrinogen exposed to protease iii from crotalus atrox venom is cleaved near the nh2 terminus of the b beta chain yielding a species of mr 325,000 (fg325) with impaired thrombin clottability. the derivative was compared with intact fibrinogen in a number of ways to determine whether the functional defect resulted from a conformational change or from the loss of a polymerization site. nh2-terminal amino acid sequencing of isolated a alpha, b beta, and gamma chains showed that fg325 containe ... | 1985 | 2579073 |
| collagenolytic activity from venom of the rattlesnake crotalus atrox. | | 1971 | 5560678 |
| stress and the toxicity of venoms. | animals injected with venom of the scorpion centruroides sculpturatus ewing or venom of the rattlesnake crotalus atrox baird and girard were subjected to high-and low-temperature stress. unconditioned animals transferred to a modified temperature were less refractory to the venoms than those conditioned for 48 hours, but all animals stressed were less refractory than unstressed animals. animals receiving a series of small doses of epinephrine were similarly affected. this apparent change in toxi ... | 1965 | 5853934 |
| detoxification of crotalus atrox venom by photooxidation in the presence of methylene blue. | | 1966 | 5938781 |
| precipitin and neutralizing antibody response elicited by crotalus atrox venom-antivenom precipitate. | | 1966 | 5944887 |
| presence of zinc in proteolytic hemorrhagic toxin isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom. | 1. hemorrhagic toxin (ac1-proteinase) was isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus (formosa) and the zinc content was determined (1.15 mol/mol protein). the results we extensively compared with hemorrhagic toxin e of crotalus atrox venom (u.s.a.). comparable results were obtained for zinc content, hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities for native hemorrhagic toxins from two different venoms. it is of interest that the zinc content of hemorrhagic toxins is identical even though the venoms ar ... | 1982 | 6125319 |
| simultaneous determination of phenytoin and phenobarbital in serum or plasma by substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay. | this assay system for simultaneously determining phenytoin and phenobarbital in serum and plasma is based on the substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay technique. a beta-galactosylcoumarin derivative of phenobarbital and a 4-methylcoumarin phosphodiester derivative of phenytoin are used as substrate labels for escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and crotalus atrox phosphodiesterase i, respectively. the smallest measurable concentrations are about 1.6 mg/l for phenytoin, 2.7 mg/l for phenobarb ... | 1983 | 6303626 |
| unique degradation of human fibrinogen by proteases from western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom. | thrombin-coagulability of both human fibrinogen and plasma was rapidly lost upon incubation with western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom. the dose- and time-dependent effect was due to direct proteolytic degradation of fibrinogen (mr 340,000) by venom enzymes. using purified fibrinogen as the substrate it was demonstrated that the venom degraded the a alpha chain first and then the b beta chain. the degradation pattern of fibrinogen in plasma was different to that of purified fibr ... | 1983 | 6353668 |
| anticoagulant proteases from western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom. | crotalus atrox venom contains agents that render human fibrinogen and plasma incoagulable by thrombin. to elucidate the mechanism of alteration of fibrinogen clotting function by the venom, four immunochemically different proteases, i, ii, iii, and iv, were purified from the venom by anion-exchange chromatography and column gel filtration. all four proteases had anticoagulant activity rendering purified fibrinogen incoagulable. proteases i and iv do not affect fibrinogen in plasma but in purifie ... | 1984 | 6367819 |
| the purification and characterization of an antihemorrhagic factor in woodrat (neotoma micropus) serum. | a protein antihemorrhagic factor was purified from the serum of the southern plains woodrat (neotoma micropus) by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. the homogeneity of the purified factor was measured by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. the factor had an isoelectric ph of 4.1, a molecular weight of 54,000, and migrated with alpha-globulins in disc electrophoresis. the factor failed to form a precipitate with crude western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom and ... | 1984 | 6372164 |
| ultrastructural localization in the mouse lung of venom from the western diamondback (crotalus atrox) rattlesnake. | procedures which make immune complexes between venom antigens and their complementary antibodies visible have been applied to detect the site of deposition of rattlesnake venom in the lung tissue of mice after in vivo envenomation. lung tissue, from mice envenomated with reconstituted but otherwise unmodified crotalus atrox venom, was incubated in commercially available polyvalent antiserum (against north american crotalid snakes) which had been conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. t ... | 1984 | 6441312 |
| platelet-aggregation is stimulated by lactose-inhibitable snake venom lectins. | five lactose-specific lectins from snake venoms were tested for the ability to stimulate the aggregation of human platelets. three of the lectins, bushmaster (lachesis muta), cottonmouth (ancistrodon piscivorous leukostoma) and rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) lectins, consistently stimulated secretion and aggregation. thrombolectin (bothrops atrox) occasionally caused aggregation. copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) lectin did not by itself cause platelet aggregation. lactose, a specific ... | 1989 | 2530646 |
| solubilization of calcium channel antagonist binding sites from rat brain. | calcium antagonist binding sites were solubilized from rat brain membranes using the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio] 1-propanesulfonate (chaps). chaps-solubilized [3h]nitrendipine binding sites are saturable over a range of 0.05-4 nm and scatchard analysis reveals a single, high-affinity (kd = 0.49 +/- 0.10 nm), low-capacity (bmax = 56 +/- 4 fmol/mg of protein) binding site. reversible ligand competition experiments using solubilized binding sites demonstrated appropriate pharma ... | 1987 | 2440991 |
| kinetic and inhibition studies of phospholipase a2 with short-chain substrates and inhibitors. | the action of the phospholipases a2 (pla2s) from naja naja naja, naja naja atra, and crotalus atrox venoms as well as the enzyme from porcine pancreas on a number of short-chain, water-soluble substrates was studied. the inhibition of these enzymes by short-chain phosphonate- and thiophosphonate-containing phospholipid analogues was also examined. the kinetic patterns observed for the action of the venom pla2s on substrates containing phosphocholine head groups all deviated from a classical mich ... | 1990 | 2383571 |
| development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom. | in accordance with the recommendations of the report of a who coordination meeting on venoms and antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world. the venoms studied included echis carinatus (iran), naja naja kaouthia (thailand), notechis scutatus (australia), trimeresurus flavoviridis ... | 1983 | 6609011 |
| amino acid sequence of a crotalus atrox venom metalloproteinase which cleaves type iv collagen and gelatin. | the hemorrhagic toxin ht-d from venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake is a metalloproteinase with a molecular weight of 23,234. peptides were obtained from enzymatic and chemical digestions, separated by reverse-phase chromatography, and sequenced in a gas-phase sequenator. the sequence showed a putative zinc binding site similar to that of thermolysin and other metalloproteinases but no overall significant similarity to the sequences of other metalloproteinases and may represent a new su ... | 1989 | 2745407 |
| preliminary observations on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom poisoning in the rabbit model. | intermittent hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to reduce skeletal muscle necrosis in a compartment syndrome animal model. to study whether intermittent exposure to hyperbaric oxygen augments antivenin therapy in reducing muscle necrosis, we injected sublethal doses of western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom intramuscularly into the hind legs of new zealand white rabbits. in this pilot study, the animals were divided into three treatment groups. the first group received one ... | 1989 | 2757285 |
| dimeric character of a basic phospholipase a2 from cobra venom: experimental and modelling study. | when it is gel filtered on sephadex in the absence of calcium ions, basic phospholipase a2 from naja nigricollis venom elutes as a dimer. in order to study the possibility of this dimerization from a structural point of view, three-dimensional models of both monomeric and dimeric n. nigricollis phospholipases a2 have been graphically built on the basis of homologies with the phospholipases a2 from pancreatic bovine and crotalus atrox venom. the building of a dimeric model is made possible by the ... | 1990 | 2075192 |
| proteolytic specificity of hemorrhagic toxin b from crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) venom. | in our effort to identify the proteolytic specificity of various hemorrhagic toxins isolated from western diamondback rattlesnake venom, hemorrhagic toxin b was isolated in homogeneous form by previously published methods. hemorrhagic toxin b hydrolyzed glucagon, producing six fragments. the proteolytic sites were identified as thr(5)-phe(6), thr(10)-ser(11), asp(15)-ser(16), asp(21)-phe(22) and try(25)-leu(26). when oxidized insulin b chain was used, proteolysis occurred at four sites: asn(3)-g ... | 1985 | 2865065 |
| immunological, structural and functional relationships between an anti-complementary protein from crotalus atrox venom, cobra venom factor and human c3. | an anti-complementary protein which cross-reacts with antiserum to cobra venom factor (cof) has been highly purified from crotalus atrox venom (cav). on an equal weight basis, the c. atrox factor (ca-f) had one-third the anti-complementary activity of cof and similarly consumed the terminal components of complement via the alternative pathway. the subunit compositions of cof and cav were similar, each being composed of alpha and beta chains held together by covalent and non-covalent bonds. agaro ... | 1980 | 6769786 |
| isolation of an anticomplement factor from the venom of the mojave rattlesnake (crotalus scutulatus scutulatus). | the venom of the mojave rattlesnake was fractionated by deae-sephadex column chromatography. a venom fraction, f5, inactivated both human and guinea pig complement. both serum and purified c3 were partially converted to a protein of faster electrophoretic mobility, indicating that f5 had a direct proteolytic effect on c3. this product was capable of passively lysing guinea pig red blood cells. f5 very effectively inactivated the classical pathway, but only partially inactivated the alternative p ... | 1983 | 6845386 |
| studies on the mechanism of hemorrhage production by five proteolytic hemorrhagic toxins from crotalus atrox venom. | the sites and relative rates of peptide bond hydrolysis of the oxidized b chain of bovine insulin by two hemorrhagic proteinases, ht-a and ht-b, isolated from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake, crotalus atrox, were investigated. the results were compared with previous results on the digestion of the same substrate by the c. atrox hemorrhagic proteinases ht-c, d, and e. both toxins, ht-a and ht-b, were found to cleave the his5-leu6, his10-leu11, ala14-leu15, and tyr16-leu17 bonds o ... | 1988 | 3060135 |
| a comparative electron microscopic study of myonecrosis induced by crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) in gray woodrats and mice. | the myonecrosis induced by western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom in the woodrat (neotoma micropus) was studied at the electron microscopic level. woodrats and control white mice were injected i.m. with 0.1 ml of diluted venom. gross examination revealed extensive hemorrhage when 250 micrograms were injected into mice. electron microscopic examination showed muscle necrosis in mouse muscle tissue. no extensive hemorrhage or muscle damage was noted until 7.5 and 15 mg of venom wer ... | 1982 | 7043786 |
| amino acid sequence of a phospholipase a2 from the venom of trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake). | two phospholipases a2, named phospholipases a2-i and a2-ii, were purified to homogeneity from the venom of trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake). the complete amino acid sequence of phospholipase a2-i was determined by sequencing the native protein and the peptides produced by enzymatic (achromobacter protease i, clostripain, and chymotrypsin) and chemical (hydroxylamine) cleavages of the s-pyridylethylated derivative of the protein. the protein consisted of 122 amino acid residues and was s ... | 1991 | 2048135 |
| clinical potential of fibrinolytic enzyme(s) of western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom. | | 1981 | 7255443 |
| bacillus cereus phospholipase c: carboxylic acid ester specificity and stereoselectivity. | thiophosphate analogs of phosphatidylcholine have been synthesized with varying structural complexity. these analogs have been used in a continuous spectrophotometric assay for phospholipase c (bacillus cereus) to estimate the minimal structural requirements associated with the non-polar portion of the substrate phospholipid. the analogs were of three types containing zero, one or two carboxylic acid ester functionalities. the analogs with one or two ester groups acted as substrates for phosphol ... | 1987 | 3111540 |
| effects of western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom on heart muscle. | | 1981 | 7268801 |
| adaptability of restrained molecular dynamics for tertiary structure prediction: application to crotalus atrox venom phospholipase a2. | in order to assess the adaptability and/or applicability of the restrained molecular dynamics (rmd) simulation for building a possible tertiary structure of a protein from the x-ray crystal structure of a family reference protein, the tertiary structure prediction of crotalus atrox venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) was attempted based on the x-ray crystal structure of bovine pancreatic pla2. for the formation of secondary and tertiary structures from the fully extended starting structure, the rmd si ... | 1991 | 1881869 |
| efficacy of delayed administration of crotalid antivenom and crystalloid fluids. | clinical and research reports suggest that the efficacy of antivenom declines when its administration is delayed after envenomation. a controlled sequential trial was performed comparing the efficacy of three treatments to untreated controls when applied 1 hr after subcutaneous injection of rats with crotalus atrox venom. survival was decreased in all groups when treatment was delayed for 1 hr. survival was highest in animals treated with both antivenom and saline, followed by antivenom alone, s ... | 1988 | 3238705 |
| the chemical basis for interfacial activation of monomeric phospholipases a2. autocatalytic derivatization of the enzyme by acyl transfer from substrate. | a basic monomeric phospholipase a2 from the venom of the american water moccasin, agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus, undergoes ca2+-dependent, autocatalytic acylation during the course of hydrolysis of both model and natural phospholipid substrates. acylation occurs at 2 lysine residues, lys-7 and lys-10, in the nh2-terminal alpha-helical segment of the enzyme, and when both positions are fully derivatized, the stable bisacylphospholipase a2 becomes a dimer in solution. the acylated enzyme is fu ... | 1988 | 3403524 |
| geographic and ontogenic variation in venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox). | venom samples from western diamondback rattlesnakes (crotalus atrox) from 13 localities in the united states were tested for i.v. and s.c. lethality for mice, protease activity, hemorrhagic activity, and the presence of mojave toxin. electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel was used to compare protein composition. the neutralizing effect of two commercial antivenoms was evaluated against selected samples of venom. venom of young snakes from north texas was compared with that of adults from the same ... | 1986 | 3513378 |
| coccidian parasites (apicomplexa) from snakes in the southcentral and southwestern united states: new host and geographic records. | four hundred thirty-five leptotyphlopid, colubrid, elapid, and viperid snakes were collected from various localities in arkansas, new mexico, oklahoma, and texas, and their feces were examined for coccidian parasites. of these, 131 (30%) were passing oocysts or sporocysts of at least 1 coccidian; 88 (67%) of the infected snakes had only 1 species of coccidian when they were examined. aquatic and semiaquatic snakes accounted for 48% of the infections, whereas strictly terrestrial snakes comprised ... | 1995 | 7876980 |
| substrate specificities and inhibition of two hemorrhagic zinc proteases ht-c and ht-d from crotalus atrox venom. | the proteolytic specificities of two zinc hemorrhagic toxins (ht-c and ht-d), isolated from crotalus atrox venom, were investigated by using the oxidized b chain of bovine insulin and synthetic peptide substrates. the enzymes cleaved the ala14-leu15 bond of the insulin b chain most rapidly and the tyr16-leu17 slightly more slowly. the his5-leu6, his10-leu11, and gly23-phe24 bonds were also cleaved but at considerably slower rates. in order to assess the substrate length preferences of the enzyme ... | 1986 | 3514216 |
| helodermatine, a kallikrein-like, hypotensive enzyme from the venom of heloderma horridum horridum (mexican beaded lizard). | we have purified and characterized the major n-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester hydrolase from the venom of heloderma horridum horridum. the enzyme belongs to the serine proteinase family, and its activity vs. peptide amide substrates and human high-molecular-weight kininogen suggests a similarity to the family of kallikreins. this interpretation is corroborated by its reactivity with the natural inhibitors soybean trypsin inhibitor and kunitz-type bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin). ... | 1986 | 3537191 |
| inhibition of hemorrhagic activities of various snake venoms by purified antihemorrhagic factor obtained from japanese habu snake. | the ability of purified antihemorrhagic factor isolated from the serum of japanese habu (trimeresurus flavoviridis) was tested on 17 snake venoms to inhibit their hemorrhagic activity. the factor strongly inhibited that of the venoms of crotalus horridus horridus and vipera latastei gaditana in addition to that of the homologous (t. flavoviridis) venom. hemorrhagic activity of agkistrodon halys blomhoffi, agkistrodon contortrix contortrix, bothrops atrox asper and crotalus atrox venoms was also ... | 1994 | 8016857 |
| a comparison of ovine and equine antivenoms. | commercial antivenoms produced in horses were compared with monospecific antivenoms raised in sheep against crotalus durissus terrificus, crotalus atrox, crotalus adamanteus, micrurus fulvius fulvius, naja naja, naja kaouthia, echis ocellatus, vipera lebetina deserti, vipera berus berus and vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom. antibodies raised by immunizing sheep with c. d. terrificus venom were more effective than their equine counterparts in preventing lethal toxicity in mice (ed50), in inhibiti ... | 1994 | 8052997 |
| direct cytotoxic effects of hemorrhagic toxins from crotalus ruber ruber and crotalus atrox on human vascular endothelial cells, in vitro. | | 1993 | 8121324 |
| synthetic peptides related to the n-terminal amino acid sequence of a pharmacologically active decapeptide isolated from crotalus atrox snake venom. | synthesis is described of some peptides and peptide derivatives related to the n-terminal amino acid sequence of a pharmacologically active decapeptide (pol-236) recently isolated from crotalus atrox snake venom. the synthetic compounds were tested for hypotensive activity in anaesthetized normotensive rats. at the used doses all compounds failed to show the immediate hypotensive effect noted after pol-236 administration. | 1986 | 3743744 |
| rattlesnake bite complications in 19 children. | the western diamondback rattlesnake, crotalus atrox, is responsible for the majority of snakebites in sonora, mexico. we report 19 cases of children who were attacked by these snakes. most of the rattlesnake attacks occurred in rural areas during the summer. the children's ages ranged from one to 15 years. the lower extremities, especially the legs, were most often bitten. the signs and symptoms presented by these patients included: pain, edema, limitation of motion, ecchymosis, bleeding and nec ... | 1994 | 8177804 |
| comparison of the immunogenicity and antigenic composition of ten central american snake venoms. | the immunological reactivity of five crotaline antivenoms for the venoms of ten costa rican snakes was determined. venoms from bothrops asper, b. godmani, b. lateralis, b. nasutus, b. ophryomegas, b. schlegelii, b. nummifer, b. picadoi, crotalus durissus durissus and lachesis muta stenophrys were separated by sds-page, transferred to cellulose nitrate membrane and reacted against five different antivenoms. antisera used in the immunoblotting were prepared in rabbits to the crotaline venoms from ... | 1993 | 8212043 |
| primary structure of the reactive site of human c1-inhibitor. | human c1-inhibitor (c1-inh) forms an equimolar complex with complement proteinase c1s that is resistant to dissociation by sodium dodecyl sulfate. the formation of this stable complex results in the cleavage of a peptide bond near the carboxyl terminus of the inhibitor and, whereas the bulk of c1-inh remains covalently bound to the light chain of c1s, the postcomplex inhibitor peptide can be isolated under denaturing conditions. we have sequenced the amino-terminal region of this peptide and ded ... | 1985 | 3919001 |
| c-type galactoside-binding lectin from bothrops jararaca venom: comparison of its structure and function with those of botrocetin. | a ca(2+)-dependent type (c-type) galactoside-binding lectin was purified from venom of the snake bothrops jararaca by thiodigalactoside-sepharose affinity column chromatography. b. jararaca lectin is a disulfide-linked homodimer composed of 14-kda subunits. the n-terminal 55-residue amino acid sequence was determined and appeared to belong to the animal c-type lectin family. this 55-residue sequence showed 37% identity with botrocetin, an exogenous von willebrand factor modulator purified from t ... | 1994 | 8311467 |
| a comparison of the crystal structures of phospholipase a2 from bovine pancreas and crotalus atrox venom. | the refined high resolution crystal structure of the bovine phospholipase a2 was compared with its counterpart from the venom of crotalus atrox, the western diamondbacked rattlesnake. the strong similarity in their backbone conformations forms the basis of a common numbering system for the amino acid sequence. the three common major helices and much of the extended chain form a nearly identical "homologous core" structure. the variations in conformation usually arise from deletions/insertions or ... | 1985 | 4044572 |
| precipitin and neutralizing antibody response elicited by crotalus atrox venom antivenom precipitate. report no. 649. | | 1966 | 5296740 |
| recombinant human type ii phospholipase a2 lacks edema producing activity in rat. | the rat paw edema-inducing, acute inflammatory activity of four snake venom phospholipase a2s (pla2) (naja naja, naja mocambique mocambique, crotalus atrox and recombinant naja naja naja) and of recombinant human type ii pla2 (rh-pla2) found in rheumatoid synovial fluid, were compared after a bolus subplantar injection. the snake venom-derived pla2s, including the recombinant naja naja naja, were potent inducers of paw edema. on the other hand, when given in similar amounts (protein and/or enzym ... | 1993 | 8519280 |
| crystal structure of an acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas at 2.0 a resolution. | the crystal structure of acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas has been determined by molecular replacement at 2.0 a resolution to a crystallographic r-factor of 0.157. the overall structure of the molecule is very similar to those of other phospholipase a2 species of known structure. the catalytic site, the hydrophobic channel and the n-terminal region show greatest structural conservation. the ca(2+)-binding region has a conformation that resembles closely that of ... | 1996 | 8636969 |
| production of a monoclonal antibody against hemorrhagic activity of crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) venom. | crotalid venoms have cytotoxic properties which could be useful in medical research. crotalus atrox venom-hyperimmunized mouse spleen cells were fused with sp2/0 myeloma cells. forty-one wells containing the hybridoma cells were positive for c. atrox venom, as determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). cell line 1-e12 was cloned and used to produce ascites tumors in balb/c mice. the monoclonal antibody produced by cloned and subcultured 1-e12 cells reacted with both c. atrox ve ... | 1984 | 6523516 |
| an enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of north american pit viper venoms. | we describe a method for immunodetection of north american pit viper venoms in clinical materials. antibody-enzyme conjugates prepared against venoms of the western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox), mojave rattlesnake (crotalus scutulatus), and copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix) detect homologous venoms in concentrations of 0.1-.01 mcg/ml using a double antibody sandwich technique. venoms of 10 additional species of u.s. pit vipers were detected in concentrations of 10 mcg/ml or less. v ... | 1984 | 6527395 |
| amino acid sequence of a lectin-like protein from lachesis muta stenophyrs venom. | the primary structure of the lectin-like protein from lachesis muta stenophyrs venom was deduced from analysis of the n-terminus and the sequence of peptides obtained after digestion with trypsin, arg-c enzyme, staphylococcus aureus v8 protease and endoproteinase asp-n. peptides generated by cleavage of the lectin with cyanogen bromide and o-iodosobenzoic acid were also sequenced. comparison of the complete 135 amino acid residues sequence with those of the lectin from the venom of crotalus atro ... | 1996 | 8843577 |
| fibrinogenolytic afibrinogenemia after envenomation by western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox). | the absence of fibrinogen and the presence of plasmic fragments x, y, d, and e were demonstrated in a patient bitten by a western diamondback rattlesnake, crotalus atrox. the factor viii level and the platelet count were within normal limits. there were distinct changes of protease inhibitors in the patient's plasma. alpha-1-protease inhibitor was elevated. antithrombin-iii was only slightly decreased after the envenomation, but alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were initially signif ... | 1984 | 6537796 |
| purification and characterization of a fibrinogenase from the venom of western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox). | a fibrinogenolytic enzyme was isolated from the venom of western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) by a three-step procedure involving gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. the molecular weight was estimated as 22 900 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the isoelectric point was found to be ph 4.65. the enzyme rapidly destroyed the ability of bovine fibrinogen to form a clot on incubation with thrombin. incubation of fibrinogen with the fibrinogenolytic enzyme for 5 min ... | 1983 | 6615843 |
| interaction of plant lipids with 14 kda phospholipase a2 enzymes. | several structurally related plant lipids were isolated and their effect was assessed on the enzyme activity of group i (pancreatic and naja mocambique venom) and group ii (crotalus atrox venom) phospholipase a2 (pla2) enzymes, with labelled escherichia coli as an enzyme substrate. the neutral monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) and negatively charged diacylglyceryl alpha-d-glucuronide (dgga) did not influence the enzyme activity of either group. digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg), another unchar ... | 1996 | 8947472 |