| phospholipase a2 as a probe of phospholipid distribution in erythrocyte membranes. factors influencing the apparent specificity of the reaction. | the action of snake venom phospholipases a2 in intact human erythrocytes was investigated in detail. the basis phospholipase from agkistrodon halys blomhifii was found to induce both hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and total cell hemolysis under certain experimental conditions. the hydrolytic action of the basic enzyme was found to consist of two sequential events: (a) hydrolysis of 70% of the total cell ph osphatidylcholine without any evident hemolysis; and (b) complete hydrolysis of the ... | 1975 | 54 |
| [effect of bradkinin-potentiating snake venom peptides and c-terminal pentapeptide fragment of bradkinin on carboxypeptidase n and kiniase activities of human blood serum]. | effects of bradikinin-potentiating peptides (bpp5a and bppb), which are identical to peptides from bothrops jararaca and agkistrodon halys blomhoffii snake venom, and pentapeptide c-terminal bradikinin fragment on carboxypeptidase n and kinase activities in human blood serum are studied. it is found that bpp5a and bppb at concentrations of 5-10(-4) m and 2.5-10(-4) m respectively do not inhibit the hydrolysis of hippuryl-l-lysine and hippuryl-l-argininic acid by carboxypeptidase n and at a conce ... | 1975 | 173428 |
| [the effect of potentiating factors on the bradykinine effect in vitro]. | bradykinin potentiating factors from the venom of bothrops jajaraca and agkistrodon halys blomhoffii potentiate the action of bradykinin at several smooth muscles. this potentiation is specific for bradykinin and has to be distinguished from an unspecific potentiation. the potentiation induced by bpf is not due to an indirect cholinergic mechanism or to a kininase inhibition in vitro. the results suggest that there would be an allosteric transition of the bradykinin receptor. | 1976 | 1033653 |
| synthesis and properties of new bradykinin potentiating peptides. | in a study of the relationship between structure and activity of bradykinin potentiating peptides (bpp), six analogs and homologs of peptides occurring in the venoms of bothrops jararaca and agkistrodon halys blomhoffii were synthesized and assayed in the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. none of the peptides had bradykinin-like activity and their bradykinin potentiating activity was much greater in the guinea pig ileum than in the uterus. the following observations were made with the gu ... | 1975 | 1120978 |
| structure of acidic phospholipase a2 for the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii at 2.8 a resolution. | the crystal structure of acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii has been determined by molecular replacement methods based on the known structure of crotalus atrox pla2, a same group ii enzyme. the overall structures, except the calcium-binding regions, are very similar to each other. a calcium ion is pentagonally ligated to two carboxylate oxygen atoms of asp-49 and each carbonyl oxygen atoms of tyr-28, gly-30 and ala-31. a reason why the former enzyme functions ... | 1992 | 1567418 |
| [effect of cepharanthin on the lethality and cardiovascular disorder by mamushi, agkistrodon halys blomhoffi, snake venom]. | effects of cephranthin on the lethality to mice and the cardiovascular disorder in rat induced by mamushi (agkistrodon halys blomhoffi) snake venom were studied. the ld50 of mamushi snake venom was 1.22 mg/kg in mice by i.p. administration. cepharanthin activated slightly the lethal activity when it was administered just after injection of the venom. however, this drug was effective against the venom at 4 to 5 times the lethal dose, if it was administered at the optimal interval. mamushi snake v ... | 1991 | 1813364 |
| halysin, an antiplatelet arg-gly-asp-containing snake venom peptide, as fibrinogen receptor antagonist. | by means of sephadex g-75 and cm-sephadex c-50 column chromatography and reverse-phase hplc, a low molecular weight (mr = 7500), cysteine-rich peptide, halysin, was purified from agkistrodon halys (mamushi) snake venom. halysin is a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor that concentration-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation stimulated by adp, thrombin and collagen (ic50 = 0.16 to 0.36 microm) without affecting platelet secretion. it was active in inhibiting platelet aggregation of p ... | 1991 | 1888330 |
| igg subclass distributions of anti-horse serum antibodies and natural venom-antibodies produced in response to antivenom injection or snake bite in humans. | the japanese mamushi (agkistrodon halys blomhoffi, boie) is the most common snake in japan. bite victims treated with antivenom (horse serum) can produce antibodies against the horse serum and the snake venom. we studied distributions of the igg subclasses of both these antibodies produced in response to antivenom injection and snake bite. we found that igg1 and igg4 of each antibody in the victims' serum were present for a long period of time. | 1990 | 2343468 |
| [the effect of calmodulin and chlorpromazine on the activity of phospholipases a2 from various sources]. | the effects of calmodulin and chlorpromazine on purified phospholipase a2 preparations from snake venoms: cobra (naja naja oxiana), echis (ehis multisquamatus) and agkistrodon halys halys, as well as on phospholipases a2 from rat liver mitochondria and human platelets were studied. it was shown that within the concentration range of 1-5 microm calmodulin stimulates the phospholipase activity. chlorpromazine inhibits the activity of these enzymes, the degree of inhibition being different for vari ... | 1990 | 2344456 |
| monoclonal antibodies against vipera lebetina venom nerve growth factor cross-react with other snake venom nerve growth factors. | nerve growth factor (ngf) was isolated from the venom of vipera lebetina and was purified to homogeneity as judged by sds gel electrophoresis. the biologically active ngf was used to immunize balb/c mouse, and the spleen cells from immunized mouse were fused with mouse pai myeloma cells. forty-seven hybrid cell lines, secreting monoclonal antibodies to v. lebetina ngf, were isolated and nine of them purified from ascitic fluids. the isolated antibodies define two partially overlapping epitopes o ... | 1987 | 2448608 |
| isolation and fundamental properties of a phospholipase a2 inhibitor from the blood plasma of trimeresurus flavoviridis. | phospholipase a2 inhibitor was purified from the blood plasma of habu, trimeresurus flavoviridis, by sephadex g-200 gel filtration, deae-cellulose chromatography, and blue-sepharose cl-6b column chromatography. the purified inhibitor was shown to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 100k. it was found to consist of four subunits whose molecular weights were around 20-24k. in order to examine the inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor, the interaction of the inhibitor with a phosphol ... | 1989 | 2628432 |
| structure-function studies on the bradykinin potentiating peptide from chinese snake venom (agkistrodon halys pallas). | a bradykinin potentiating peptide (bpp) was purified from the chinese snake venom (agkistrodon halys pallas). the amino acid sequence of this bpp was determined to be pyroglu-gly-arg-pro-pro-gly-pro-pro-ile-pro-pro. removal of the n-terminal residue with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase enhanced two-fold the activity of bpp, the resulting despyroglu-bpp gradually lost its activity on further edman degradation. however, around 90% of the original activity was still present in the c-terminal tripeptid ... | 1985 | 3008123 |
| the primary structure of rat platelet phospholipase a2. | in our previous report (hayakawa, m., kudo, i., tomita, m., & inoue, k. (1988) j. biochem. 103, 263-266), we have shown that phospholipases a2 purified from rat platelet membrane fractions and an extracellular medium of thrombin-stimulated rat platelets were essentially identical to each other. both purified enzymes were digested with proteases, and the resulting peptides were subjected to primary sequence determination. the sequence analysis of the hplc-separated peptides and the alignment of t ... | 1988 | 3235451 |
| amino acid sequence of a basic agkistrodon halys blomhoffii phospholipase a2. possible role of nh2-terminal lysines in action on phospholipids of escherichia coli. | a basic (pi = 10.2) phospholipase a2 of the venom of the snake agkistrodon halys blomhoffii is one of a few phospholipases a2 capable of hydrolyzing the phospholipids of escherichia coli killed by a bactericidal protein purified from human or rabbit neutrophil granules. we have shown that modification of as many as 4 mol of lysine per mole of the phospholipase a2, either by carbamylation or by reductive methylation [forst, s., weiss, j., & elsbach, p. (1982) j. biol. chem. 257, 14055-14057], had ... | 1986 | 3530322 |
| some biochemical characteristics and cell membrane actions of a toxic phospholipase a2 isolated from the venom of the pit viper agkistrodon halys (pallas). | a toxic component (agtx) from the venom of agkistrodon halys (pallas) was isolated using deae-cellulose de11 and cm-sephadex c50 column chromatography and finally purified to homogeneity by fplc on a monoq column. the toxin is a neutral (pi 6.9) single chain polypeptide with a mol. wt of 14,000 and an amino acid composition (123 residues) roughly similar to that of notexin. agtx was found to have phospholipase a2 activity which was dependent on calcium and stimulated by sodium deoxycholate. the ... | 1987 | 3672547 |
| bradykinin-potentiating peptides from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffi. isolation of five bradykinin potentiators and the amino acid sequences of two of them, potentiators b and c. | | 1971 | 4323853 |
| structure of potentiator a, one of the five bradykinin potentiating peptides from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | | 1973 | 4730295 |
| some properties of proteinase b in the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | | 1971 | 5004066 |
| structure of bradykinin-potentiating peptide containing tryptophan from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | | 1970 | 5530287 |
| bradykinin-potentiating peptides from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | | 1969 | 5801778 |
| studies on japanese encephalitis virus infection of reptiles. i. experimental infection of snakes and lizards. | experimental infection of four species of snakes, rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus, elaphe quadrivirgata, elaphe climacophora and agkistrodon halys, and five species of lizards, takydromus tachydromoides, eumeces latiscutatus, eumeces barbouri, eumeces marginatus oshimensis and gekko japonicus, with japanese encephalitis virus (jev) was carried out. evidence of jev multiplication in snakes was not obtained at least under the conditions used in the present study. all lizards except g. japonicus were ... | 1983 | 6141310 |
| rabbit platelet calcium atpase differs from the human erythrocyte (ca2+ + mg2+)-atpase in its response to three purified phospholipases a2, exogenous phospholipids and calmodulin. | human erythrocyte (ca2+ + mg2+)-atpase and calcium atpase of rabbit platelets were compared by their responses to a variety of treatments. these included three purified phospholipases a2 (acidic, neutral and basic) from agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, as well as several phospholipids and lysophospholipids. the erythrocyte enzyme was stimulated 2-3-fold by all three phospholipases with maximal stimulation occurring at different concentrations of the three enzymes. the basic phospholipase was the mo ... | 1984 | 6148104 |
| a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor purified from agkistrodon halys (mamushi) snake venom. | by means of gel filtration on sephadex g-75, deae-sephadex a-50 column chromatography and three gel filtrations on sephadex g-75, a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor was purified from agkistrodon halys snake venom and shown to be a single peptide chain, as judged by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the purified platelet aggregation inhibitor was an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 14,000 and possessed phospholipase a2 activity. its inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation ... | 1983 | 6419392 |
| mechanism of action of the platelet aggregation inhibitor purified from agkistrodon halys (mamushi) snake venom. | the platelet aggregation inhibitor purified from agkistrodon halys snake venom inhibited rabbit platelet aggregations induced by thrombin, sodium arachidonate, collagen or ionophore a-23187. the ic50 was about 11 micrograms/ml in platelet aggregation regardless of which aggregation inducer was used. beta-mercaptoethanol abolished both the phospholipase a enzymatic and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities of this venom inhibitor. p-bromophenacyl bromide-treated venom inhibitor lost almost c ... | 1984 | 6427979 |
| studies on phospholipase a inhibitor in blood plasma. i. purification and characterization of phospholipase a inhibitor in bovine plasma. | phospholipase a inhibitor was found in bovine, human and porcine plasma. the inhibitor was purified about 300-fold from bovine plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-cellulose chromatography, sephadex g-200 gel filtration and anti-bsa antibody-agarose column chromatography to remove albumin. the purified material was homogeneous as judged by immunoelectrophoresis and 0.7% agarose-2% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the inhibitor suppressed not only rat and human plasma phospholipase a ... | 1984 | 6501263 |
| the role of phospholipase a2 lysines in phospholipolysis of escherichia coli killed by a membrane-active neutrophil protein. | purified rabbit bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein at bactericidal concentrations is a membrane-perturbing agent that triggers hydrolysis of envelope phospholipids of a phospholipase a-less escherichia coli (s17) mutant by a highly basic (pi greater than 10) phospholipase a2, purified from agkistrodon halys blomhoffii snake venom. most other purified phospholipases a2 do not degrade the phospholipids of e. coli killed by the bactericidal protein. to study the role of enzyme charge in b ... | 1982 | 6815187 |
| [therapeutic effect of paromomycin sulfate on the 13th case of mesocestoides lineatus infection found in japan]. | mesocestoides tapeworm is a common cestode in carnivorous mammals, but human infection with the tapeworm of this genus have been infrequent. we have recently observed the 13th case of human infection with mesocestoides lineatus in japan. a 35-year-old man living in gifu prefecture was admitted to our university hospital with chief complaints of general fatigue and discharge of cestode segments in his stool. the patient gave a history of drinking blood and eating the raw liver of a snake agkistro ... | 1983 | 6876372 |
| topological location and biological significance of phospholipids in the membrane of newcastle disease virus. hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact virion with pure phospholipases a2, c, and d. | the composition, topological distribution and biological significance of phospholipids in the membrane of newcastle disease virus (ndv) grown in embryonated chicken eggs were investigated. phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin were the predominant phospholipids in ndv membrane. the location of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer of the membrane was studied by assessing their reactivities with highly purified phospholipase a2 (agkistrodon halys blomhoffi) and phospholipase d (streptomyces chr ... | 1982 | 7130158 |
| [isolation of phospholipase a2 on biospecific supports]. | the procedure of isolation of phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon halys blomhoffii venom and porcine pancreas on biospecific supports of an organo-silica type with immobilized phospholipid is described. the purity of isolated enzymes was controlled by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, determination of the n-terminal amino acid and isoelectrofocusing. the enzyme activity was equal to 80 mumole/mg/min and 1400 mumole/mg/min for snake venom phospholipase and for pancreatic phospholipase a2, respect ... | 1982 | 7138970 |
| binding mode of phospholipase a2 with a new type of phospholipid analog having an oxazolidinone ring. | inhibition of phospholipases a2 (pla2s) by a new type of monodispersed phospholipid analog, 3-dodecanoyl-4-phosphatidylcholinohydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone (oxazolidinone-pc), was investigated by the ph stat assay method using monodispersed 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (dic6pc) as the substrate. the pla2s used were those from bovine pancreas and cobra (naja naja atra) venom (group i) and from japanese mamushi (agkistrodon halys blomhoffii) venom (group ii). this new-type substra ... | 1995 | 7775386 |
| positional distribution of octadecadienoic acids in sponge phosphatidylethanolamines. | the distribution of c14-c22 fatty acids in the phosphatidylethanolamines isolated from the sponges agelas sp. and spongia tampa was investigated. selective changes with phospholipase a2 (from agkistrodon halys blomhoffii) followed by thin-layer chromatographic separation of the resulting lysophosphatidylethanolamines and free fatty acids and subsequent methylation with hcl/meoh and diazomethane, respectively, revealed that the 5,9-octadecadienoic acid and the 9,12-octadecadienoic acid present sh ... | 1994 | 7968275 |
| inhibition of hemorrhagic activities of various snake venoms by purified antihemorrhagic factor obtained from japanese habu snake. | the ability of purified antihemorrhagic factor isolated from the serum of japanese habu (trimeresurus flavoviridis) was tested on 17 snake venoms to inhibit their hemorrhagic activity. the factor strongly inhibited that of the venoms of crotalus horridus horridus and vipera latastei gaditana in addition to that of the homologous (t. flavoviridis) venom. hemorrhagic activity of agkistrodon halys blomhoffi, agkistrodon contortrix contortrix, bothrops atrox asper and crotalus atrox venoms was also ... | 1994 | 8016857 |
| [the ability of low-molecular heparin (fraxiparin) to overcome the action of exogenous coagulases--a fundamental difference from nonfractionated heparin]. | a new previously unknown activity of the low molecular-weight heparin fraxiparin (sanofi) has been discovered. this is its ability to reduce the plasma clotting action of snake venom coagulases at final concentration of more than 12.5 anti-xa u/ml, while the unfractionated heparin does not possess this property. the experiments demonstrated that fraxiparin the action of echis carinatus prothrombin-activating venom to a greater degree and agkistrodon halys halys thrombin-like coagulase to a lesse ... | 1993 | 8117966 |
| [determination of fibrinogen content in human blood plasma using thrombin-like enzyme of ancistron n and analysis of hemostasis under presence of blood coagulation inhibitors]. | the cases of non-coagulation or only partial coagulation of blood plasma fibrinogen under the effect of thrombin have been revealed while examining the homeostasis-state in practically healthy elderly and old people and those with hypertonic disease. these cases have been analyzed. it is shown that the suggested method of fibrinogen determination in blood plasma using thrombin-like enzyme ancistrone-h extracted from venom of snakes (agkistrodon halys halys) permits determining the fibrinogen con ... | 1993 | 8335119 |
| crystal structure of an acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas at 2.0 a resolution. | the crystal structure of acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas has been determined by molecular replacement at 2.0 a resolution to a crystallographic r-factor of 0.157. the overall structure of the molecule is very similar to those of other phospholipase a2 species of known structure. the catalytic site, the hydrophobic channel and the n-terminal region show greatest structural conservation. the ca(2+)-binding region has a conformation that resembles closely that of ... | 1996 | 8636969 |
| molecular cloning and deduced primary structures of acidic and basic phospholipases a2 from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus. | this paper presents the nucleotide sequences of the cdnas encoding three acidic phospholipases a2 and one basic phospholipase a2 from deinagkistrodon acutus venom. the deduced primary structure of the basic enzyme is closest to that of the basic neurotoxic enzyme from trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom, while the acidic phospholipases from d. acutus have highest sequence similarity to that from agkistrodon halys pallas. the phylogeny of this monotypic species is discussed. | 1996 | 8931260 |
| purification and amino acid sequence of halystase from snake venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, a serine protease that cleaves specifically fibrinogen and kininogen. | we have isolated a serine protease, halystase, from agkistrodon halys blomhoffii venom by chromatography on deae-sepharose, heparin-sepharose and q-sepharose columns, and have determined the complete amino acid sequence by edman degradation and by mass spectral analysis of peptides generated by enzymatic and chemical cleavage. the 238-residue sequence of halystase, containing n-linked carbohydrates (about 13%) at two sites showed significant similarity to other thrombin-like snake venom serine p ... | 1998 | 9546675 |
| diversity of cdnas encoding phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon halys pallas venom, and its expression in e. coli. | as a step toward understanding the structure and function of phospholipase a2(pla2), we isolated several novel cdnas encoding agkistrodon halys pallas pla2 isoenzymes including b-pla2, asn49-pla2, a-pla2, a'-pla2 and ba1-pla2 by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the n- and c-terminus of these enzymes. the amino acid sequences of a-pla2 deduced from cdna are consistent with that isolated from venom except for four residues. asn49-pla2 and b-pla2 are highly si ... | 1998 | 9690782 |
| synergism of procoagulation effect of thrombin-like enzymes from dienagkistrodon acutus and agkistrodon halys snake venoms. | to study the synergistic effect of thrombin-like enzymes (tle) of dienagkistrodon acutus (da) and agkistrodon halys (ah) venoms. | 1996 | 9863148 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding a nerve growth factor precursor from the agkistrodon halys pallas. | based on the high conservation in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of ngf cdnas, oligonucleotides complementary to all these known sequences were synthesized. by rt-pcr, we successfully isolated the complementary dna encoding ngf precursor from the agkistrodon halys pallas (a chinese snake strain). the nucleotide sequence which presents 90.5%, 88.6% and 63.4% homology to that of krait bungarus multicinctus, cobra and human ngf respectively, encoded a prepro-ngf molecule with 241 amino acids an ... | 1999 | 10080351 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of a cdna encoding snake venom metalloprotease. | a cdna clone, mt-c, encoding metalloprotease was isolated from snake (agkistrodon halys brevicadus) venom gland cdna library. deduced amino acid sequence indicated that mt-c is composed of a signal sequence, amino-terminal propeptide, a central metalloprotease domain, and a lys-gly-asp (kgd) disintegrin domain. the partial cdna encoding metalloprotease and disintegrin domain was subcloned and expressed in e. coli. the expressed mt-c protein was purified and successfully refolded into functional ... | 1999 | 10204078 |
| cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase a2-ii from agkistrodon halys pallas. | a cdna encoding a basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase a2-ii from agkistrodon halys pallas with an n-terminus highly homologous to that of bpla2 and a c-terminus sequence almost the same as that of apla2 was inserted into a bacterial expression vector and effectively expressed in escherichia coli rr1. the protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies. after partial purification by washing, the inclusion bodies with triton x-100, denaturing and refolding, the renatured recombinant protein was p ... | 1999 | 10209288 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of a snake venom metalloprotease. | a cdna clone, mt-d, encoding metalloprotease precursor was isolated from snake (agkistrodon halys brevicaudus) venom gland cdna library. mt-d-i protein containing both metalloprotease and disintegrin domains, and mt-d-ii protein containing the metalloprotease domain only were expressed in escherichia coli and refolded successfully into their functional forms. each of the refolded enzyme species exhibited distinct substrate specificity. proteolytic activity of the mt-d-1 was able to hydrolyse typ ... | 1999 | 10406963 |
| expression of nerve growth factor from agkistrodon halys pallas in e. coli and its purification. | the nerve growth factor (ngf) gene of agkistrodon halys pallas was cloned into a secretive prokaryotic expression vector pet-22b+ which carried a c-terminal his. tag sequence. after transforming into e. coli bl21 (de3), ngf was induced to express at 30 degrees c by iptg. sds-page analysis showed an induced expression product band which constituted about 20% of the total bacterial proteins. however, its molecular weight was larger than what was expected. moreover, the analysis of product solubili ... | 1999 | 10935162 |
| structure-activity studies of analogues of blomhotin mediating contraction of rat fundus. | blomhotin is a novel peptide (pglu1-gly2-arg3-pro4-pro5-gly6-pro7-pro8-ile9-pro10-arg11) which has been isolated from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii and exhibits contractile activity on rat stomach fundus. we carried out a structure-activity study of blomhotin and its related peptides, and the findings suggested that the n-terminal portion of blomhotin is mainly responsible for affinity for the blomhotin receptor, whereas the c-terminal portion of blomhotin, pro-ile-pro-arg, is respon ... | 2000 | 11085371 |
| cell surface display of salmobin, a thrombin-like enzyme from agkistrodon halys venom on escherichia coli using ice nucleation protein. | cell surface display on escherichia coli using ice nucleation protein was performed in order to develop a new expression system for recombinant eukaryotic proteins. salmobin, the thrombin-like enzyme obtained from korean snake (agkistrodon halys) venom was displayed on the surface of escherichia coli fused to the c-terminus of the ice nucleation protein (inp), an outer membrane protein of pseudomonas syringae. the thrombin cleavage site was inserted between salmobin and inp. the presence of salm ... | 2001 | 11166806 |
| purification, characterization, and cdna sequence of halysetin, a disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich protein from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas. | by means of deae-sepharose cl-6b column chromatography, gel filtration on sephadex g-75 and superose 12 fplc, halysetin, an antiplatelet protein, was purified from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas with molecular mass of 29 kda on sds-page and 23,168 da by mass spectrometry. the p1 was about 5.0. halysetin was devoid of phospholipase a2, fibrino-(geno)lytic, esterase, hemorrhagenic activities. halysetin dose-dependently inhibited the aggregation of human platelet, which was stimulated by col ... | 2000 | 11185525 |
| expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a recombinant phospholipase a2, with anticoagulant activity from agkistrodon halys pallas. | a cloned cdna encoding a pla2 from agkistrodon halys pallas was found to have conservative residues glu53 and trp70 but with lys56 and lys67 substituted by thr56 and asp67, respectively, when compared with sequences of other class ii pla2 with anticoagulant activity. it was inserted into a temperature-sensitive bacterial expression vector and effectively expressed in escherichia coli rr1. the protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies and recovered by centrifugation after enzyme digestio ... | 2001 | 11288725 |
| characterization of a thrombin-like serine protease, kangshuanmei, isolated from the venom of a chinese snake, agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger. | an enzyme, referred to as kangshuanmei, was isolated from the venom of the chinese snake agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger by gel filtration chromatography followed by affinity chromatography. kangshuanmei is composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 34,000, estimated by sds-page. the enzyme hydrolyzed both benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester and h-d-phe-pip-arg-p-nitroanilide, specific substrates for thrombin. the protease activity of kangshuanmei was inhibi ... | 2001 | 11491462 |
| effect of electroporation and iontophoresis on skin permeation of defibrase--a purified thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of agkistrodon halys ussuriensis emelianov. | the purpose of this study was to investigate electroporation and iontophoresis as a means for in vitro delivery of defibrase--a thrombin-like enzyme (tle) from agkistrodon halys ussuriensis emelianov snake venom--through human epidermis membrane (hem). electroporation was carried out using an exponential decay pulse generator (bior-ad genepulser, usa) for a period of 0.5 h, followed by a period of 5.5 h passive diffusion or iontophoresis. the results indicated that the combined use of electropor ... | 2002 | 12168531 |
| cdna sequence and molecular modeling of a nerve growth factor from bothrops jararacussu venomous gland. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a nerve growth factor precursor from bothrops jararacussu snake (bj-ngf) was determined by dna sequencing of a clone from cdna library prepared from the poly(a) + rna of the venom gland of b. jararacussu. cdna encoding bj-ngf precursor contained 723 bp in length, which encoded a prepro-ngf molecule with 241 amino acid residues. the mature bj-ngf molecule was composed of 118 amino acid residues with theoretical pi and molecular weight of 8.31 and 13,537, respec ... | 2002 | 12453640 |
| [antibacterial and antifungal effects of agkistrodon halys pallas: purification of its antibacterial protein--lao]. | this paper reports the venom from agkistrodon halys pallas have inhibitory activity against fungi and e. coli by tested in a disc diffusion assay. an antibacterial component--lao from the venom were purified to homogeneous. it had not only antibacterial effect, but l-amino acid oxidase activity. and its enzymatic specific activity was 808 u/mg. the venom had at least 3 antibacterial components (i, ii, iii) as determined by acid polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis, lao is the antibaterial componen ... | 2000 | 12549069 |
| the relationship between the hemorrhagic and lethal activities of japanese mamushi (agkistrodon halys blomhoffii) venom. | | 1964 | 14302275 |
| studies on snake venoms. xvi. demonstration of a proteinase with hemorrhagic activity in the venom of agkistrodon halys blomboffii. | | 1965 | 14326096 |
| solution structure of a novel disintegrin, salmosin, from agkistrondon halys venom. | disintegrins are potent inhibitors of both platelet aggregation and integrin-dependent cell adhesion. a new disintegrin, salmosin, isolated from the venom of the korean snake agkistrodon halys brevicaudus, has been characterized by mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy, and its in vitro biological activity has been assessed. the ic(50) value of the purified salmosin was determined to be 2.2 nm in an assay for the inhibition of glycoprotein iib-iiia/fibrinogen interaction. salmosin also inhibite ... | 2003 | 14661951 |
| a novel metalloprotease from gloydius halys venom induces endothelial cell apoptosis through its protease and disintegrin-like domains. | a novel hemorrhagic metalloprotease, halysase, isolated from the snake venom of gloydius halys induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. the purified metalloprotease is a monomeric glycoprotein with an isoelectric point of 4.8. analysis of the cdna sequence encoding halysase revealed that the enzyme consists of multifunctional domains including a proprotein domain, a protease domain, a disintegrin-like domain and a cysteine-rich domain. the metalloprotease has a decd sequence in the disintegrin-li ... | 2003 | 14688240 |
| inhibitory effects on phospholipase a2 and antivenin activity of melanin extracted from thea sinensis linn. | antivenin activity of melanin extracted from black tea (mebt) was reported for the first time. the antagonistic effect of mebt was evaluated for agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus (broadbanded copperhead), agkistrodon halys blomhoffii (japanese mamushi), and crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) snake venoms administered i.p. to icr mice. mebt was injected i.p. immediately after the venom administration in dose of 3 mg per mouse in the same place of venom injection. mebt demonstrated ... | 2004 | 14967198 |
| purification, partial characterization, crystallization and structural determination of ahp-laao, a novel l-amino-acid oxidase with cell apoptosis-inducing activity from agkistrodon halys pallas venom. | a snake-venom protein named ahp-laao has been purified from agkistrodon halys pallas venom using four-stage chromatography. ahp-laao is a novel member of the snake-venom l-amino-acid oxidase family. its amino-acid sequence shows high homology to other members of this family. for l-leucine, the values of k(cat) and k(m) are 31.1 s(-1) and 0.25 mm, respectively. the molecular weight of ahp-laao is about 60.7 kda as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. ahp-laao can also induce apoptosis of cu ... | 2004 | 15103157 |
| [purification and characterization of platelet aggregation inhibitor component from venom of agkistrodon halys pallas]. | snake venom proteins,particularly from the viper and elapid families, have been known to contain a number of platelet active components including what cause platelet aggregation or inhibit platelet aggregation. some of them have potential clinical usefulness for the treatment of human hemorrhagic or thrombotic disease. agkistrodon halys pallas belonging to viper family is only growing in china. the aim of this study was to purify a human platelet aggregation inhibitor from venom of agkistrodon h ... | 2004 | 15157332 |
| cloning and characterization of adinbitor, a novel disintegrin from the snake venom of agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger. | adinbitor was cloned from agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger and characterized as a novel disintegrin. in this study, total rna was extracted from venom gland and used in rt-pcr to generate a cdna which is 219 bp long. the sequence encoded a polypeptide composed of 73 amino acids, including 12 cysteines, an rgd motif, and the signature motif of disintergrin. recombinant adinbitor (radinbitor) was expressed in e. coli and purified by using the his. bind affinity chromatography. the ic(50) fo ... | 2004 | 15188058 |
| hydrogen peroxide produced by two amino acid oxidases mediates antibacterial actions. | the antibacterial actions of two amino acid oxidases, a d-amino acid oxidase from hog kidney and a l-amino acid oxidase from the venom of agkistrodon halys, were investigated, demonstrating that both enzymes were able to inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and that hydrogen peroxide, a product of their enzymatic reactions, was the antibacterial factor. however, hydrogen peroxide generated in the enzymatic reactions was not sufficient to explain the degree to whic ... | 2004 | 15650691 |
| pharmacokinetics of thrombin-like enzyme from venom of agkistrodon halys ussuriensis emelianov determined by elisa in the rat. | a thrombin-like enzyme (tle) was separated and purified from the venom of a northeast chinese snake agkistrodon halys ussuriensis emelianov. experiments were performed in rats to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters following an intravenous (i.v.) or a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the thrombin-like enzyme. the plasma levels of tle were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the method exhibited high reproducibility and accuracy in correlating optical densities with tle concentra ... | 2001 | 11600143 |
| agkistin-s, a disintegrin domain, inhibits angiogenesis and induces baecs apoptosis. | previous work in our laboratory has shown agkistin, a snake venom metalloproteases (svmps) from the venom of agkistrodon halys, possesses antiplatelet aggregation activity. in this study, we further examined the antiangiogenic activity of agkistin-s, the disintegrin domain of agkistin. recombinant agkistin-s was produced in escherichia coli by subcloning its cdna into pet28a vector, and the effect of purified agkistin-s was evaluated. at the concentration of 0.5-1.5 microm, the recombinant agkis ... | 2006 | 16924676 |
| antibacterial activity of snake, scorpion and bee venoms: a comparison with purified venom phospholipase a2 enzymes. | venoms of snakes, scorpions, bees and purified venom phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) enzymes were examined to evaluate the antibacterial activity of purified venom enzymes as compared with that of the crude venoms. | 2007 | 17309613 |
| identification of key residues responsible for enzymatic and platelet-aggregation-inhibiting activities of acidic phospholipase a2s from agkistrodon halys pallas. | site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the structural and functional relationship of acidic phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon halys pallas. the mutants are ap-e6r (e6r), ap-d115k (d115k), ap-6r115k (e6r, d115k), ap-y118m (y118m), and ap-w119t (w119t). all mutants were inserted into a bacterial expression vector and effectively expressed in e. coli rr1. the purified recombinant enzymes were used to assay for enzymatic and inhibiting platelet aggregation activities. the enzymatic activities o ... | 2001 | 11288728 |
| hemostatic disturbances observed in patients with snakebite in south china. | to investigate the hematological disorders after snakebite, we measured the maximum platelet aggregation rate (mar), antithrombin iii (at-iii) activity, alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor (alpha(2)-pi) activity, concentration of fibrinogen (fg) and fibrin degradation products (fdp) in 25 samples from 17 patients with snakebite in south china. the results obtained in the patients before application of antivenom and patients with ophiophagus hannah (oh.) bite were as follows: (1) the mean mar values were ... | 2000 | 10758271 |
| viper metalloproteinase (agkistrodon halys pallas) with antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. | metalloproteinases are abundant enzymes in crotalidae and viperidae snake venoms. snake venom metalloproteinases (svmps) comprise a family of zinc-dependent enzymes, which display many different biological activities. a 23.1 kda protein was isolated from agkistrodon halys (pallas, chinese viper) snake venom. the toxin is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 23146.61 and an n-terminal sequence (miqvllvticlavfpyqgssiiles) relatively similar to that of other metalloprotein-like pro ... | 2008 | 18297685 |
| bioassay-directed purification of an acidic phospholipase a(2) from agkistrodon halys pallas venom. | relying on ex vivo and in vitro platelet anti-aggregation assays, a tail bleeding time assay, and an anti-thrombotic assay, we have purified the fraction of venom from agkistrodon halys pallas which, in all of these assays, is the most active. there were two major steps in the purification: gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-100, and ion exchange chromatography on deae sephadex a-50. sequencing of the most active fraction by mass spectrometry revealed that it is a known acidic phospholi ... | 2008 | 18456297 |
| purification, characterization and bactericidal activities of basic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys (chinese pallas). | agkistrodon snake venoms contain a variety of phospholipases (pla2), some of which are myotoxic. in this study, we used reverse-phase hplc to purify pla2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys. the enzyme named as agktx-ii, a basic asp49 pla2, has a molecular masses of 13,869.05. the amino acid sequence and molecular mass of agktx-ii was identical to those of an asp49 basic myotoxic pla2 previously isolated from this venom. antibacterial activities were tested by susceptibility and broth-dilution a ... | 2008 | 18472013 |
| biochemical, functional and structural characterization of akbu-laao: a novel snake venom l-amino acid oxidase from agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis. | an l-amino acid oxidase (akbu-laao) was isolated from the venom of agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake using deae sephadex a-50 ion-exchange, sephadex g-75 gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatographies. the homogeneity and molecular mass of akbu-laao were analyzed by sds-page and maldi-tof spectrometry. the sequences of ten peptides from akbu-laao were established by hplc-nesi-ms/ms analysis. protein sequence alignment indicated that i) that akbu-laao is a new snake venom laao ... | 2010 | 20100538 |
| cloning and identification of a novel p-ii class snake venom metalloproteinase from gloydius halys. | ahpfibrase was a new snake venom metalloproteinase (svmp) which was cloned from gloydius halys. the cdna sequence with 1,891 base pairs encodes an open reading frame of 477 amino acids which includes a 17 amino acid signal peptide, plus a 171 amino acid segment of zymogen-like propeptide, a metalloproteinase domain of 200 amino acids, a spacer of 16 amino acids, and a disintegrin-like peptide of 73 amino acids. the metalloproteinase domain contained a conserved signature zinc-binding motif hexxh ... | 2010 | 20174888 |
| blomhotin: a novel peptide with smooth muscle contractile activity identified in the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | a novel peptide has been isolated from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii using a bioassay that monitors the stimulant effect on rat stomach fundus. the 11-amino acid peptide, named blomhotin, was purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration column chromatography and reverse-phase hplc. the amino acid sequence of blomhotin was determined to be pglu-gly-arg-pro-pro-gly-pro-pro-ile-pro-arg, which is similar to that of bradykinin-potentiating peptides which themselves cause no contraction of sm ... | 1999 | 10519653 |
| [clinical analysis of 150 cases of agkistrodon halys (palas) bite]. | | 2014 | 4211078 |
| application of mass spectrometry to sequence analysis of pyroglutamyl peptides from snake venoms: contribution to the confirmation of the amino acid sequence of bradykinin-potentiating peptides b, c and e isolated from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | | 2016 | 4775967 |
| [clinical observations of 530 cases of snake bite treated with antivenin of agkistrodon halys (pallas)]. | | 2013 | 4211077 |
| monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography of the nerve growth factor from snake venoms. | 1. pure monoclonal antibodies to vipera lebetina venom nerve growth factor have been isolated by affinity chromatography using cnbr-agarose bound antigen. 2. nerve growth factors from ten snake venoms (vipera lebetina, vipera russellii, vipera berus berus, vipera ursini, echis carinatus, agkistrodon halys, bungarus caeruleus, naja naja oxiana, naja naja, naja naja atra) were purified using monoclonal antibodies against ngf linked to brcn-activated agarose. | 2013 | 3621902 |
| interaction of monodispersed and micellar phospholipids with an agkistrodon halys blomhoffii phospholipase a2, in which the alpha-amino group had been modified to an alpha-keto group. | the ph dependence of the binding constant of ca2+ to a phospholipase a2 of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, in which the alpha-amino group had been selectively modified to an alpha-keto group, was studied at 25 degrees c and ionic strength 0.1 by the tryptophyl fluorescence method. the dependence was compared with the results for the intact enzyme (ikeda et al. (1981) j. biochem. 90, 1125-1130). the ph-dependence curve could be well interpreted in terms of the participation of the two ionizable gro ... | 2014 | 3957900 |
| a new modified animal model of myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myositis enhanced by defibrase. | we investigated the effect of defibrase (a proteolytic enzyme extraction of agkistrodon halys venom) on experimental autoimmune myositis (eam) in guinea pigs and explored the option of using a modified pig model of eam to enhance the study of this disease. | 2015 | 26788090 |
| cloning, sequence analysis and expression in e. coli of the cdna of the thrombin-like enzyme (pallabin) from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas. | the cdna of the thrombin-like enzyme (pallabin) from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas was cloned and sequenced. the length of the cdna is 923bp which includes 120bp of noncoding region and 780bp of coding region. pallabin was synthesized as a prozymogen with 260 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide of 18 amino acids, a proposed propeptide of 6 amino acids and a matured peptide of 236 amino acids. pallabin exhibits a strong amino acid similarity to the serine proteases isolated from ... | 1999 | 10205666 |
| cdna cloning of a snake venom metalloproteinase from the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus adamanteus), and the expression of its disintegrin domain with anti-platelet effects. | a 5' truncated snake venom metalloproteinase was identified from a cdna library constructed from venom glands of an eastern diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus adamanteus). the 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) was used to obtain the 1865 bp full-length cdna sequence of a snake venom metalloproteinase (camvmpii). camvmpii encodes an open reading frame of 488 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide, a pro-domain, a metalloproteinase domain, a spacer, and an rgd-disintegrin domain. the ... | 2013 | 23313448 |
| identification of a serine protease with nerve growth promoting activity from snake venom. | a new protein with nerve growth promoting activity was purified from the crude venom of the agkistrodon halys pallas, a chinese snake. its amino-terminal sequence unexpectedly showed high homology with serine proteases, suggesting that it is a new member of the serine protease family. it also cross-reacted with antibodies against thrombin-like enzyme and possessed weak arginine esterase activity, amounting to about 3% of the activity of trypsin. however, its nerve growth promoting activity was c ... | 1998 | 9858363 |
| structure of a snake venom phospholipase a2 modified by p-bromo-phenacyl-bromide. | the crystal structure of acidic phospholipase a2 (apla2) from agkistrodon halys pallas covalently modified by p-bromo-phenacyl-bromide (pbpb) was determined to a resolution of 2.0 a by an isomorphous difference fourier method with the native apla2 structure as an initial model and refined to a crystallographic r factor of 15.3%. the modified apla2 structure is remarkably similar to that of the native one. least-squares superposition of c alpha atoms of native and modified apla2 results in a root ... | 1998 | 9663694 |
| purification and characterization of lupus anticoagulant like protein from agkistrodon halys brevicaudus venom. | by means of cm-sephadex c-25, deae-sephadex a-50, sephadex g-200, and sephadex g-75 chromatographies, a lupus anticoagulant like protein (lalp) from agkistrodon halys brevicaudus was purified. on sds-page, the purified lalp had a molecular weight of 25,500 daltons under non-reducing condition and 15,000 daltons under reducing condition. the isoelectric point was ph 5.6. its n terminal amino acid sequencing revealed a mixture of 2 sequences: dcp(p/s)(d/g)wssyegh(c/r)(q/k). it was devoid of phosph ... | 1996 | 8972023 |
| inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and potentiation of bradykinin by retro-inverso analogues of short peptides and sequences related to angiotensin i and bradykinin. | there is pharmacological evidence indicating that, in addition to the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace; ec 3.4.15.1), the potentiation of bradykinin (bk) responses may also involve the bk receptor or some binding site in the structures involved in the contractile response to this peptide. dipeptides such as val-trp and some of its analogues as well as tripeptide homologues, including total and partial retro-inverso peptides, were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhib ... | 1996 | 8866827 |
| hydrolysis of micellar diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine catalyzed by bovine pancreatic phospholipase a2: kinetic characterization of group i and ii enzymes. | initial velocity data for the hydrolysis of micellar 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (dic7pc) catalyzed by bovine pancreatic pla2 (group i) were analyzed using the michaelis-menten equation. the km value for the micellar substrate was found to be independent of ca2+ concentration, as was the km value for the monodispersed substrate. the ph dependence curve of km in the presence of saturating amounts of ca2+ showed two transitions reflecting large pk shifts of two ionizable groups ... | 1993 | 8454568 |
| suppressive mechanism of salmosin, a novel disintegrin in b16 melanoma cell metastasis. | we have previously reported that salmosin, a novel disintegrin, was isolated from korean snake (agkistrodon halys brevicaudus) venom and significantly inhibited solid tumor growth in mice by perturbation of tumor-specific angiogenesis via blocking alphavbeta3 integrin expressed on vascular endothelial cells. in this study, we investigated the functional specificity of salmosin in tumor cell metastasis. recombinant salmosin expressed in e. coli that has the rgd sequence markedly inhibited both b1 ... | 2000 | 10944460 |
| protein c activation by an activator purified from the venom of agkistrodon halys halys. | the protein c activator from agkistrodon halys halys venom was purified 533-fold by ion-exchange chromatography on qae-sephadex a-50, affinity chromatography on aprotinin-sepharose and mono-q fast protein liquid chromatography. the purified enzyme is a single chain protein with an apparent molecular weight of 36,000 that activates protein c by proteolytic removal of a small fragment from the heavy chain. the protein c activator exhibited a high amidolytic activity towards the tripeptide substrat ... | 1993 | 8218858 |
| structure of a basic phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon halys pallas at 2.13 a resolution. | the basic phospholipase a2 isolated from the venom of agkistrodon halys pallas (agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus) is a hemolytic toxin and one of the few pla2's capable of hydrolyzing the phospholipids of e. coli membranes in the presence of a bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) of neutrophils. the crystal structure has been determined and refined at 2.13 a to an r factor of 16.5% (f > 3sigma) with excellent stereochemistry. a superposition of the two molecules in the asymmetric ... | 1998 | 9761847 |
| role of ca2+ in the binding of phospholipase a2 with a monomeric substrate and with its amide-type analog. | effects of ca2+ on the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of monodispersed 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (dic6pc), catalyzed by group i phospholipases a2 (pla2s) from pseudechis australis, naja naja atra, and bovine pancreas and by group ii enzymes from vipera russelli russelli, agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, and trimeresurus flavoviridis, were studied by the ph-stat assay method at 25 degrees c, ph 7.5-8.2, and an ionic strength of 0.1 or 0.2 in the absence or presence of an a ... | 1994 | 7883763 |
| muscle extract of hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, inhibits hemorrhagic activity of snake venoms. | the antihemorrhagic activity of muscle extract of hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, was tested on various snake venoms with hemorrhagic activity. the extract inhibited strongly hemorrhagic activity of venoms from bitis arietans, bothrops jararaca and vipera latastei gaditana, and remarkably that of venoms from agkistrodon halys blomhoffi, bitis gabonica rhinoceros, bitis nasicornis, bothrops atrox asper, crotalus horridus horridus and vipera berus. the antihemorrhagic activity against eight other s ... | 1994 | 7846699 |
| chemical modification and inactivation of phospholipases a2 by a manoalide analogue. | chemical modification and inactivation of bovine pancreatic, porcine pancreatic, naja naja atra and pseudechis australis phospholipases a2 (pla2s), belonging to group i, and of trimeresurus flavoviridis, vipera russelli russelli and agkistrodon halys blomhoffii pla2s, belonging to group ii, were investigated by the use of a manoalide (mld)-analogue, 1-(2,5-dihydro-hydroxy-5-oxo-3-furanyl)-8,12-dimethyl-4-formyl-3,7, 11-tridecatrienol. at appropriate time intervals, residual pla2 activities towar ... | 1995 | 7755577 |
| a case report of colonic ileus due to eosinophilic nodular lesions caused by gnathostoma doloresi infection. | gnathostomiasis is primarily a disease of the skin characterized as creeping eruption or mobile erythema. however, larval gnathostoma sometimes migrate into an unexpected site to elicit serious illness. here we describe a case of colonic ileus caused by gnathostoma doloresi. the patient was a 57-year-old man living in miyazaki prefecture, japan, which is known as an area endemic for this parasite. one week after having eaten a few slices of the flesh of a snake (agkistrodon halys), he developed ... | 1995 | 7573710 |
| the isolation and characterization of a third or neutral phospholipase a2 in the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. an improved fractionation procedure for all three enzymes. | the isolation of a new, third phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon halys blomhoffi is described. on the basis of a pi value of 6.9, it is termed a neutral phospholipase a2. it was characterized as to its amino acid content, activity towards phosphatidylcholine, heat stability, and hemolytic behavior on human erythrocytes. a comparison of these characteristics with those of the acidic and basic phospholipases a2 established the uniqueness of the neutral enzyme. two particularly important observation ... | 1980 | 7459370 |
| identification of domains of phosphatidylcholine in human erythrocyte plasma membranes. differential action of acidic and basic phospholipases a2 from agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | highly purified acidic (pi 4.9) and basic (pi 8.7) phospholipases a2 from snake (agkistrodon halys blomhoffii) venom hydrolyzed approximately 20% and 60%, respectively, of the phosphatidylcholine (pc) of intact human erythrocytes prior to hemolysis. sequential use of the acidic enzyme followed by the basic phospholipase a2 or vice versa manifested a characteristic pc hydrolysis pattern. for example, when acidic enzyme had hydrolyzed nearly 20% of this substrate, a subsequent treatment with the b ... | 1982 | 7061456 |
| study on the thrombin-like enzyme preferentially releasing fibrinopeptide b from the snake venom of agkistrodon halys pallas. | three components with arginine esterase activities were found in the venom of the chinese pit viper (agkistrodon halys pallas). they were identified as bradykinin releasing, thrombin-like and fibrinogenolytic enzymes respectively. the thrombin-like enzyme of a. halys pallas was purified to a homogeneous state. it was a glycoprotein with molecular weight of about 43,000. though this enzyme displayed a higher esterase activity on baee than trypsin and human thrombin, it showed very weak clotting a ... | 1984 | 6463961 |
| the bradykininase activities of extracts of dog lung. | 1. homogenates of dog lungs freed from blood inactivate bradykinin. the bradykininase activity is present in soluble and particulate subcellular fractions.2. the fraction with the highest relative specific activity is that sedimenting between 8,700 g and 78,000 g. this fraction has been studied in more detail.3. there is evidence for two bradykinin inactivating enzymes in this fraction with apparent k(m) values of 7.5 mum and 120 mum.4. the bradykininase activity is not dependent on the concentr ... | 1973 | 4723801 |
| expression, purification and characterization of a novel recombinant svtle, r-agkihpin-2, from gloydius halys pallas venom gland in escherichia coli. | in our previous work, a thrombin-like enzyme (tle), agkihpin, was successfully isolated, purified, cloned and named from the venom of gloydius halys pallas, having fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic and thrombosis-reduced activities, attenuating migration of liver cancer cell, and without bleeding risk. to explore the possibility of agkihpin as a thrombolytic and/or anti-metastasis agent in the future, in this study recombinant agkihpin was expressed and purified in escherichia coli, and its biologi ... | 2017 | 28579355 |
| neurotoxins from agkistrodon halys (pallas) and bungarus fasciatus venom. | | 1987 | 3432290 |
| kinetics of the hydrolysis of mixed micelles of dipalmitoyllecithin with triton x-100 catalyzed by a phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii. | the ph dependence of kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of mixed micelles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (dic16pc) with triton x-100, catalyzed by the intact and the n-terminal alpha-nh2-modified phospholipases a2 (pla2s) of agkistrodon halys blomhoffii, was studied at 25 degrees c and ionic strength 0.1 in the presence of saturating amounts of ca2+. the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of monodispersed dic6pc, catalyzed by the modified enzyme, was ... | 1990 | 2229006 |
| therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of a snake venom preparation in the fibrotic rat liver. | the effects of a chinese snake venom preparation from agkistrodon halys pallas, used for treatment of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis in china, was investigated in an in vivo rat model and using in situ hepatic perfusion. four groups were used in the experiments: (i) healthy, (ii) healthy/venom-treated, (iii) carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-treated, and (iv) ccl4/venom-treated. treatment effects were assessed by determining hepatic histopathology, biochemistry and fibrosis index parameters, bile producti ... | 2005 | 15844712 |