| the mechanical effects of rhinoceros horned viper (bitis nasicornis) venom on the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart. | in the guinea-pig langendorff heart preparation, addition of 0.1 mg bitis nasicornis venom to the perfusion solution caused transient increases in heart rate (hr) and left ventricular systolic pressure (lvsp) with peak increases at 2 min. with higher doses (0.6 and 1.4 mg), these increases were followed by the return of hr to normal, significant decreases in lvsp below control values and marked increases in left ventricular diastolic pressure. histaminergic blockade with ranitidine reduced the p ... | 1991 | 1680351 |
| the mechanical and electrical effects of rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis) venom on the isolated perfused guinea pig heart and atrial preparations. | the mechanical and electrical effects of the venom of bitis nasicornis were studied on the guinea-pig langendorff and left atrial myocardium preparations. while langendorff preparations were treated with individual doses of 0.1, 0.6 and 1.4 mg, isolated left atria were treated using concentrations of 2.0, 20 and 200 micrograms/ml of venom in the perfusion solution. in the langendorff preparation, transient increases in left ventricular systolic pressure (lvsp) and heart rate (hr) were seen after ... | 1991 | 1943458 |
| the haemodynamic effect of bitis nasicornis (rhinoceros horned viper) venom. | 1. intravenous venom (0.0625 mg/kg) in the dog caused an immediate increase in coronary blood flow due to a fall in coronary vascular resistance (cvr). 2. subsequently, total peripheral resistance (tpr) fell causing a significant reduction in aortic blood pressure (abp). 3. cvr and tpr returned to normal after 20 min but abp did not recover completely. 4. the failure of abp to recover was due to decreased stroke volume and cardiac output (co). 5. animals died after four doubling doses of venom f ... | 1991 | 2050285 |
| effect of venom from bitis nasicornis (rhinoceros horned viper) on isolated rabbit aortic strips. | venom from b. nasicornis, but not from bitis arietans, echis carinatus or cerastes cerastes, produced an irreversible contraction of the isolated aortic strip that was slow in onset, increased with time, and reached maximum in about 10-15 min. the contraction was not inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, yohimbine, phentolamine, cyproheptadine or indomethacin, however, it was blocked by incubation in a ca2+-free solution and was partially blocked by incubation with the ca2+ channel blockers v ... | 1986 | 3715900 |
| use of a polyvalent autogenous bacterin for treatment of mixed gram-negative bacterial osteomyelitis in a rhinoceros viper. | | 1985 | 3935615 |
| some observations on the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper, bitis nasicornis shaw. | | 1974 | 4458120 |
| host specificity and host range of the genus sarcocystis in three snake-rodent life cycles. | three sarcocystis species with snake-rodent life cycles were studied for their host range and host specificity in systematically related intermediate and definitive hosts. while s. singaporensis and s. villivillosi developed only in murids closely related to the genus rattus, a third sarcocystis species (natural definitive host: bitis nasicornis - syn. isospora dirumpens ?) showed a broad intermediate host range. this species was found to use several bitis species as definitive hosts. s. singapo ... | 1984 | 6428079 |
| inhibition of the myotoxic activities of three african bitis venoms (b. rhinoceros, b. arietans and b. nasicornis) by a polyvalent antivenom. | a murine model of venom-induced myotoxicity was used to assess the antimyotoxic capacity of a polyvalent antivenom (pav), rich in f(ab')2 fragments, obtained from horses immunized with bitis venoms. intramuscular (i.m.) injection of bitis rhinoceros, bitis arietans or bitis nasicornis into mice induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in plasma ck activity. the area under the plasma ck activity vs. time curve (auc) between 0 and 48 h was used to quantify the data. pre-incubation with pav neut ... | 2010 | 19857507 |
| new proline-rich oligopeptides from the venom of african adders: insights into the hypotensive effect of the venoms. | the snakes from the bitis genus are some of the most medically important venomous snakes in sub saharan africa, however little is known about the composition and effects of these snake venom peptides. considering that the victims with bitis genus snakes have exacerbate hypotension and cardiovascular disorders, we investigated here the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme modulators on four different species of venoms. | 2015 | 25688758 |
| african adders: partial characterization of snake venoms from three bitis species of medical importance and their neutralization by experimental equine antivenoms. | an alarming number of fatal accidents involving snakes are annually reported in africa and most of the victims suffer from permanent local tissue damage and chronic disabilities. envenomation by snakes belonging to the genus bitis, viperidae family, are common in sub-saharan africa. the accidents are severe and the victims often have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective specific therapies. in this study we have biochemically characterized venoms from three different species of bitis, i. ... | 2015 | 25643358 |
| preclinical assessment of the efficacy of a new antivenom (echitab-plus-icp) for the treatment of viper envenoming in sub-saharan africa. | a preclinical assessment was performed on the neutralizing efficacy of a whole igg polyspecific antivenom (echitab-plus-icp), designed for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in nigeria. it was generated by immunizing horses with the venoms of echis ocellatus, bitis arietans and naja nigricollis, the most medically important species in nigeria. antivenom was tested against the venoms of e. ocellatus, echis leucogaster, echis pyramidum leakeyi, b. arietans, bitis gabonica, bitis rhinoceros and ... | 2010 | 19699756 |
| snake venomics of bitis species reveals large intragenus venom toxin composition variation: application to taxonomy of congeneric taxa. | the protein composition of the venoms of the west african gaboon viper (bitis gabonica rhinoceros), the rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis), and the horned puff adder (bitis caudalis) were analyzed by rp-hplc, n-terminal sequencing, sds-page, maldi-tof peptide mass fingerprinting, and cid-ms/ms. in line with previous proteomic and transcriptomic analyses showing that snake venom proteins belong to only a few major protein families, the venom proteomes of bitis gabonica rhinoceros, bitis nasicorn ... | 2007 | 17559253 |
| adenosine in the venoms from viperinae snakes of the genus bitis: identification and quantitation using lc/ms and ce/ms. | snake venoms are rich sources of toxic proteins and small molecules. this study was directed at molecules of molecular mass below 1 kda. thirty different venoms, of either neurotoxic or haemorrhagic type, were fractionated using size-exclusion chromatography. only venoms of the puff adder (bitis arietans), gaboon viper (bitis gabonica), and rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis) exhibited large absorbance peaks at lambda(280 nm) in the total volume range of the chromatographic column indicating the ... | 2005 | 15935989 |
| infrared imaging in vipers: differential responses of crotaline and viperine snakes to paired thermal targets. | pit vipers use infrared-sensitive pit organs to accurately target homeothermic prey even in the absence of visual cues. it has been suggested that other vipers, including large ambush predators of the genus bitis, also may use radiant infrared information for predatory targeting. we compared behavioral responses of pit vipers and snakes of the viperine genus bitis to paired targets of different temperatures (i.e. cool and warm balloons), some scented with rodent odors. the rates of tongue flicki ... | 2004 | 15302110 |
| muscle extract of hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, inhibits hemorrhagic activity of snake venoms. | the antihemorrhagic activity of muscle extract of hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, was tested on various snake venoms with hemorrhagic activity. the extract inhibited strongly hemorrhagic activity of venoms from bitis arietans, bothrops jararaca and vipera latastei gaditana, and remarkably that of venoms from agkistrodon halys blomhoffi, bitis gabonica rhinoceros, bitis nasicornis, bothrops atrox asper, crotalus horridus horridus and vipera berus. the antihemorrhagic activity against eight other s ... | 1994 | 7846699 |
| [the big vipers of africa of the genus bitis gray, 1842 and their venom. zoological, biochemical and clinical data]. | after the suggestion of the genus bitis gray, 1842 snakes, we studied in details three species, among the largest and most widespread ones: bitis arietans, bitis gabonica and bitis nasicornis. the main morphological characteristics and some of the zoological data presented may be very useful, as well as the clinical signs, for physicians to identify, the snake that bits a patient. thus, an adapted treatment can be undertaken. the biochemical composition of the venoms and their experimental toxic ... | 2006 | 1943640 |
| [biochemical variations of west african snake venoms]. | electrophoretic patterns of bitis gabonica, bitis nasicornis, bitis arietans venoms have shown specific and individual variations; neither physiological nor seasonal differences were noticed. immunoelectrophoretic study of naja melanoleuca and naja nigricollis individual venoms revealed a variation in neurotoxin concentration from one venom to another. deletion of some minor fractions is noticed in few venoms. the authors think it of major interest to work on individual venoms. | 2013 | 7285271 |
| properties of the arginine esterases from bitis nasicornis (horned adder) venom. | five forms of arginine esterase (de-2 to de-6) were purified from bitis nasicornis venom by gel filtration on sephadex g-50, followed by ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose and deae-sepharose. they contain 17.6 to 23.1% of carbohydrate, 242 to 244 amino acids including 14 half-cystine residues and have molecular masses of about 38 kda. the enzymes have a high esterolytic activity towards n alpha-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester but show no proteolytic activity against azocoll and no clotti ... | 1984 | 6569850 |
| sequence homology between phospholipase and its inhibitor in snake venom. the primary structure of the inhibitor of vipoxin from the venom of the bulgarian viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes, serpentes). | we are presenting the first primary structure of a snake venom inhibitor. it was isolated from the neurotoxin vipoxin of the bulgarian viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes, serpentes) which represents a complex of a strong toxic basic protein with phospholipase a2 activity (2 isoenzymes) and the nontoxic acidic component functioning as its inhibitor. the sequence was established by automatic degradation in a liquid phase sequenator on the s-carboxymethylated chain and on the peptides obtained by tr ... | 1984 | 6489936 |
| snake venoms. purification, some properties of two phospholipases a2 (cm-i and cm-ii) and the amino-acid sequence of cm-ii and bitis nasicornis (horned adder) venom. | two phospholipases a2, cm-i and cm-ii, were purified from bitis nasicornis venom by gel filtration on sephadex g-50, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose. both enzymes comprise 119 amino acids, including 12 half-cystine residues. the primary structure of cm-ii has been elucidated. the sequence and invariant amino-acid residues of cm-ii resemble those of phospholipases a2 from other venoms of viperidae and crotalidae (group ii) snake venoms. cm-i and cm-ii both contain a single ... | 1983 | 6667925 |
| effects of the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper (bitis nasicornis) on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis. | the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper (bitis nasicornis) has been studied in vitro and has been shown to be anticoagulant. this action appeared to be due to an effect on both the extrinsic and intrinsic blood thromboplastin mechanisms. the venom was also proteolytic and in purified caseinolytic systems activated plasminogen, enhanced the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, and potentiated the action of plasmin. in the euglobulin clot lysis system high concentrations of venom produced ... | 1970 | 4251326 |
| colono-uterine fistula in a rhinoceros viper. | | 1983 | 6643256 |
| lymphosarcoma in an eastern king snake and a rhinoceros viper. | an antemortem diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was made in a captive eastern king snake and a rhinoceros viper. the eastern king snake died on the 1st day after biopsy of a liver nodule, and necropsy revealed multiple tumor nodules throughout all major organ systems. the rhinoceros viper died after chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside. the major gross lesion was a large paracolonic coelomic tumor that extended into the adjacent musculature and subcutaneous tissue of the lateral abdominal wall. the i ... | 1981 | 6895746 |
| exophthalmia in a rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis). | | 1975 | 1162889 |
| isolation and characterisation of insulin-releasing compounds from crotalus adamanteus, crotalus vegrandis and bitis nasicornis venom. | crude venom from three venomous snakes, crotalus adamanteus, crotalus vegrandis and bitis nasicornis was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography, and selected fractions screened for in-vitro insulinotropic activity using clonal pancreatic brin-bd11 cells. nineteen fractions stimulated insulin secretion and the structural identity of bioactive compounds responsible was probed using maldi-tof ms and n-terminal edman degradation sequencing. partial n-terminal sequences were determined and the ... | 2015 | 25959507 |
| an ecological analysis of snakes captured by c.j.p. ionides in eastern africa in the mid-1900s. | historical data can clarify ecological attributes of fauna in sites that have subsequently been altered by anthropogenic activities. we used the 1960s notebooks of pioneering east african naturalist c.j.p. ionides to extract quantitative information on captures of 484 snakes of five species (rhinoceros vipers bitis nasicornis, black mambas dendroaspis polylepis, jameson's mambas d. jamesoni, water cobras naja annulata, and eastern forest cobras n. subfulva). high capture rates suggest high abund ... | 2020 | 32198446 |
| clinical aspects and consequences of envenoming by a captive rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis) in hungary. | a case of rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis) bite is reported. the bitten hand distended to the wrist, which was tense and painful, with only mild local livid discolouration manifested around the fang mark. slight hypertension with moderate tachycardia and temporary coagulopathy were observed. the patient received analgesic and intravenous fluids, antibiotics and anti-tetanus therapy. use of antiserum was not necessary. the bitten person was treated in the main centre for snakebite first aid: i ... | 2008 | 18293116 |
| [suppurative coxitis after a viper bite--case report]. | a 46-year-old woman having sustained a rhinoceros viper bite to the left lower leg is presented. she was treated at department of infectious diseases, split university hospital. after 20 days she left the hospital in good condition, with a small crust at the bite site. about ten days later suppurative secretion developed at the bite site and a few days later she felt pain in her right hip and leg, and turned febrile. she was treated at home with antibiotics and analgetics for nearly one month. h ... | 2003 | 14639867 |
| the venom of the rhinoceros viper bitis nasicornis (shaw). | | 2018 | 21018594 |