| the mechanical effects of rhinoceros horned viper (bitis nasicornis) venom on the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart. | in the guinea-pig langendorff heart preparation, addition of 0.1 mg bitis nasicornis venom to the perfusion solution caused transient increases in heart rate (hr) and left ventricular systolic pressure (lvsp) with peak increases at 2 min. with higher doses (0.6 and 1.4 mg), these increases were followed by the return of hr to normal, significant decreases in lvsp below control values and marked increases in left ventricular diastolic pressure. histaminergic blockade with ranitidine reduced the p ... | 1991 | 1680351 |
| the haemodynamic effect of bitis nasicornis (rhinoceros horned viper) venom. | 1. intravenous venom (0.0625 mg/kg) in the dog caused an immediate increase in coronary blood flow due to a fall in coronary vascular resistance (cvr). 2. subsequently, total peripheral resistance (tpr) fell causing a significant reduction in aortic blood pressure (abp). 3. cvr and tpr returned to normal after 20 min but abp did not recover completely. 4. the failure of abp to recover was due to decreased stroke volume and cardiac output (co). 5. animals died after four doubling doses of venom f ... | 1991 | 2050285 |
| the role of enzyme activity and charge properties on the presynaptic neurotoxicity and the contracture-inducing activity of snake venom phospholipases a2. | two toxic phospholipases a2, caudoxin from bitis caudalis venom and the basic phospholipase a2 from naja nigricollis venom, were selected for a study of the contribution of enzyme activity and charge properties to the presynaptic neurotoxicity and the contracture-inducing activity of the enzyme. reducing catalytic activity by lowering the incubation temperature or by substitution of sr2+ for ca2+ in the bathing medium causes a significant prolongation of the time to neuromuscular block by caudox ... | 1986 | 3087027 |
| interactions of the neurotoxic complex from the venom of the false horned viper (pseudocerastes fieldi) with rat striatal synaptosomes. | the very high lethal potency of the neurotoxic complex (cb) from the venom of pseudocerastes fieldi following direct administration into the lateral ventricle of the brain, as compared with potency following i.v. administration, suggests that the toxin acts on the central nervous system. rat striatal synaptosomes were selected to study interactions of the toxin with nerve endings. cbii, the toxic phospholipase a2 component of the toxin, as well as the reconstituted complex (cbi + cbii), inhibite ... | 1987 | 3590210 |
| effect of venom from bitis nasicornis (rhinoceros horned viper) on isolated rabbit aortic strips. | venom from b. nasicornis, but not from bitis arietans, echis carinatus or cerastes cerastes, produced an irreversible contraction of the isolated aortic strip that was slow in onset, increased with time, and reached maximum in about 10-15 min. the contraction was not inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, yohimbine, phentolamine, cyproheptadine or indomethacin, however, it was blocked by incubation in a ca2+-free solution and was partially blocked by incubation with the ca2+ channel blockers v ... | 1986 | 3715900 |
| [immunological study and hemolytic activity of the venom of the horned viper, cerastes cerastes (linne, 1758) (reptilia, viperidae)]. | the immunological study of the venom of the horned viper, cerastes cerastes (linné, 1758) points out eight fractions from which the components have various hemolyticus actions. | 1985 | 3937498 |
| some observations on the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper, bitis nasicornis shaw. | | 1974 | 4458120 |
| effect of the venom of the snake cerastes cerastes (african desert horned viper) on the response of the rat vas deferens to field stimulation. | cerastes cerastes venom in low concentrations (0.8-2.5 micrograms/ml) inhibited the response of the rat vas deferens to field stimulation, while higher concentrations (4-8 micrograms/ml) causes a contracture that was reversed by washing and transiently blocked by phentolamine. the effect of the venom and guanethidine (10(-7) m) was reversed by tyramine (4.6 x 10(-8) m) but unaffected by hexamethonium (1.4 x 10(-7) m). when the response to field stimulation was inhibited by the venom the response ... | 1982 | 6281942 |
| [infections and deaths of horned vipers, cerastes cerastes (l., 1758) and lebetin vipers, vipera lebetina (l., 1758) caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa (schröeter, 1885)]. | the authors present some data about the buccal and intestinal microflora of ophidian reptiles schooling in the vivaria of the institute pasteur of tunis. they describe two cases of infestation and dead, chiefly symptomatology, of a horned viper, cerastes cerastes (l. 1758) and a lebetin viper, vipera lebetina (l., 1758) by pseudomonas aeruginosa schröeter, 1885. | 1984 | 6443546 |
| mode of neuromuscular blocking action of a toxic phospholipase a2 from pseudocerastes fieldi (field's horned viper) snake venom. | the effects of a toxic phospholipase a2 (fr.cb) isolated from the venom of pseudocerastes fieldi were studied on the chick biventer cervicis muscle and the mouse phrenic nerve--diaphragm preparations. in the chick muscle, fr.cb (10 micrograms/ml) caused complete neuromuscular blockade without producing contracture or affecting the response of the muscle to acetylcholine. in the mouse diaphragm, fr.cb blocked the indirectly elicited contraction without affecting that evoked directly. in a low cal ... | 1983 | 6623493 |
| site of action of caudoxin, a neurotoxic phospholipase a2 from the horned puff adder (bitis caudalis) venom. | caudoxin, a single-chain phospholipase a2 isolated from the venom of bitis caudalis is a toxic polypeptide with a formula weight of 13,332 dalton. the ld50 in mice (i.p.) was 0.18 (0.15-0.22) mg/kg. in the chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation the toxin (1-10 micrograms per ml) caused complete neuromuscular blockade without affecting the response of the muscle to acetylcholine. in the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, the toxin abolished the indirectly elicited contraction without ... | 1982 | 7101310 |
| isolation and characterization of the main toxic fraction from the venom of the false horned viper (pseudocerastes fieldi). | the venom of pseudocerastes fieldi was subjected to gel filtration on sephadex g-75. most of the protein and lethality of the venom were eluted in a major symmetrical peak (c). the lethality of this peak is confined to a basic protein fraction, cb (pi greater than 9.5) separable by deae-cellulose chromatography. two proteins with molecular sizes close to 16,000 daltons were isolated from this fraction by preparative acidic gel electrophoresis in the presence of triton x-100. one of the proteins ... | 1982 | 7179294 |
| afaâcytin, an alpha beta-fibrinogenase from cerastes cerastes (horned viper) venom, activates purified factor x and induces serotonin release from human blood platelets. | afaâcytin, a proteinase with caseinolytic, arginine-esterase and amidase activities, was purified from the venom of cerastes cerastes (horned viper) in two steps by gel filtration through sephadex g75, then hplc on carboxymethyl-cellulose. afaâcytin has an isoelectric point of 6.25, and consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, which have the same apparent molecular mass (40,000) and are indistinguishable in the absence of reduction or/and deglycosylation. subunit beta is constituted of two disu ... | 1995 | 8521839 |
| envenomation by the horned viper (vipera ammodytes l.). | snake venom poisoning is a medical emergency that requires urgent therapeutic procedures. the treatment of venomous snakebites is still controversial because of unclear therapeutic modalities. choice of treatment is dictated in part by regional characteristics with regard to patient population and types of venomous snakes. the purpose of the study presented here was to report regional experience with venomous snakebites and to describe first-aid, pre-hospital, and hospital therapeutic procedures ... | 1997 | 9121663 |
| life-threatening envenoming by the saharan horned viper (cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy and acute renal failure: clinical cases and review. | the desert horned vipers (cerastes cerastes and c. gasperettii) are the most familiar snakes of the great deserts of north africa and the middle east, including the plains of iraq. they are responsible for many human snake bites. in western countries, they are popular among exotic-snake keepers. | 2004 | 15496528 |
| venomous snakebites in southern croatia. | this retrospective study is based on the analysis of 542 snakebite envenomation cases in southern croatia, which were treated in the university hospital split over the period of 21 years. the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of venomous snakebite in southern croatia, epidemiological and clinical features of snakebite and treatment in the region. the mean annual snakebite incidence in southern croatia was 5.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. the nose- horned viper (vipera ammodytes) was r ... | 2006 | 16617597 |
| molecular phylogeography of the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes, linnaeus (1758)): evidence for high genetic diversity and multiple refugia in the balkan peninsula. | the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes) occurs in a large part of the south-eastern europe and asia minor. phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed for a total of 59 specimens using sequences from three mitochondrial regions (16s and cytochrome b genes, and control region, totalling 2308 bp). a considerable number of clades were observed within this species, showing a large genetic diversity within the balkan peninsula. splitting of the basal clades was evaluated to about 4 million years a ... | 2008 | 18267369 |
| dose dependent effects of standardized nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) venom on parameters of cardiac function in isolated rat heart. | direct, dose dependent effects of the nose-horned vipers (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) venom on various parameters of cardiac action in isolated rat hearts were examined. biochemical (protein content, sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and biological (minimum haemorrhagic and necrotizing dose and lethal dose (ld(50))) characterization of the venom was performed before testing. the hearts were infused with venom doses of 30, 90 and 150 microg/ml for 10 min followed by 30 min of wash out perio ... | 2008 | 18313364 |
| structure-function relationship studies of ammodytoxins and ammodytins by protein engineering. | ammodytoxins (atxs) and ammodytins (atns) are group iia phospholipases a2 (spla2s) and their homologues, secreted by venom glands of the nose-horned viper (vipera a. ammodytes). the molecular mechanisms underlying their various pharmacological effects, including neurotoxicity, myotoxicity and anticoagulant activity, are still not completely understood. the structure-function relationships of atxs and atns have been studied by site-directed and cassette mutagenesis. we cloned their complementary ... | 2011 | 24061113 |
| in vitro antischistosomal activity of venom from the egyptian snake cerastes cerastes. | we studied the potential in vitro antischistosomal activity of cerastes cerastes venom on adult schistosoma mansoni worms. | 2017 | 28001223 |
| identification of cdnas encoding viper venom hyaluronidases: cross-generic sequence conservation of full-length and unusually short variant transcripts. | the immobilisation of prey by snakes is most efficiently achieved by the rapid dissemination of venom from its site of injection into the blood stream. hyaluronidase is a common component of snake venoms and has been termed the "venom spreading factor". in the absence of nucleotide or protein sequence data to confirm the functional identity of this venom component, we interrogated a venom gland est database for the saw-scaled viper, echis ocellatus (nigeria), using the gene ontology (go) term "c ... | 2007 | 17210232 |
| snake venomics of bitis species reveals large intragenus venom toxin composition variation: application to taxonomy of congeneric taxa. | the protein composition of the venoms of the west african gaboon viper (bitis gabonica rhinoceros), the rhinoceros viper (bitis nasicornis), and the horned puff adder (bitis caudalis) were analyzed by rp-hplc, n-terminal sequencing, sds-page, maldi-tof peptide mass fingerprinting, and cid-ms/ms. in line with previous proteomic and transcriptomic analyses showing that snake venom proteins belong to only a few major protein families, the venom proteomes of bitis gabonica rhinoceros, bitis nasicorn ... | 2007 | 17559253 |
| a complete amino acid sequence for the basic subunit of crotoxin. | the complete amino acid sequence of the basic subunit of crotoxin from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus has been determined. fragmentation of the protein was achieved by using cyanogen bromide and arginine- and lysine-specific endoproteases. sixteen glx and asx residues reported by fraenkel-conrat et al. (1980) in natural toxins (d. eaker and t. wadstrom, eds.), pp. 561-567, pergamon, oxford.) have been resolved as glu or gln and asp or asn residues, respectively. most of the remaining ... | 1986 | 3753003 |
| choleoeimeria salaselensis sp. n. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the gall bladder of the horned viper cerastes gasperettii (serpentes: viperidae) in saudi arabia. | oocyst morphology and endogenous developmental stages are described for choleoeimeria salaselensis sp. n. from the gall bladder of 10 horned vipers, cerastes gasperettii leviton and anderson, in saudi arabia. sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal, 23 x 15 (22-25 x 14-17) microm, length/width ratio (l/w) 1.5 (1.4-1.6), each with 4 sporocysts (eimeria-like), but lack a micropyle, polar granules and oocysts residuum. sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 8 x 5 (7-9 x 5-) microm, l/w 1.5 (1.4-1.6), and stieda, s ... | 2014 | 25065125 |
| [three case-reports of viperin envenoming in morocco]. | snake bites are responsible for a high mortality rate in africa. problems for the early care of the victims are many. we published three observations of moroccan typical viperin severe envenomings (rapidly extensive edema, necrosis, haemorrhagic shock) are presented. the overall mortality of those bites is 4%. in the maghreb, viperin syndromes are the result of the lebetin viper (vipera lebetina), the horned viper or sand viper (cerastes cerastes), sometimes bitis or echis sp. immunotherapy rema ... | 2008 | 18424055 |
| eimeria gasperettii n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the horned viper, cerates cerastes gasperettii in saudi arabia. | eimeria gasperettii n. sp. is described from the gall bladder of the horned viper, cerastes cerastes gasperettii from al-thumamah, central region of saudi arabia. sporulated oocysts are ellipsoid in shape, measuring 38.8 x 25.5 (29-41 x 17.2-28.4) microm with smooth brownish-yellow bilayered wall, 1.7(1.5-2.0) microm.thick. micropyle polar granule and oocyst residuum are absent. sporocysts are ellipsoid reaching 13.8 x 9.6 (11-14.5 x 8.0-10.3) microm. sporocyst residuum is present. the sporocyst ... | 2003 | 14708848 |
| predator facilitation or interference: a game of vipers and owls. | in predator-prey foraging games, the prey's reaction to one type of predator may either facilitate or hinder the success of another predator. we ask, do different predator species affect each other's patch selection? if the predators facilitate each other, they should prefer to hunt in the same patch; if they interfere, they should prefer to hunt alone. we performed an experiment in a large outdoor vivarium where we presented barn owls (tyto alba) with a choice of hunting greater egyptian gerbil ... | 2014 | 24481981 |
| wound myiasis due to musca domestica (diptera: muscidae) in persian horned viper, pseudocerastes persicus (squamata: viperidae). | a case of myiasis due to musca domestica describes in pseudocerastes persicus for the first time. the snake was found in bari karafs, kashan, iran, with a lesion on its body. fourteen live larvae of m. domestica removed from its wound. this is the first report of a new larval habitat of m. domestica. | 2012 | 23293783 |
| isolation and amino acid sequence of caudoxin, a presynaptic acting toxic phospholipase a2 from the venom of the horned puff adder (bitis caudalis). | a presynaptic acting toxic phospholipase a2, designated caudoxin, was purified from the venom of bitis caudalis by a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. the specificity of the enzyme was shown to be of the a2 type. the enzyme contains 121 amino acid residues in a single chain and is cross-linked by seven disulfide bridges. application of cyanogen bromide cleavage and digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin yielded peptides providing the necessary overlaps to complete d ... | 1982 | 7135414 |
| comparative venomics of the vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana and vipera ammodytes montandoni from turkey provides insights into kinship. | the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes) is one of the most widespread and venomous snakes in europe, which causes high frequent snakebite accidents. the first comprehensive venom characterization of the regional endemic transcaucasian nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana) and the transdanubian sand viper (vipera ammodytes montandoni) is reported employing a combination of intact mass profiling and bottom-up proteomics. the bottom-up analysis of both subspecies identified the majo ... | 2018 | 29301241 |
| amino acid sequences of a heterodimeric neurotoxin from the venom of the false horned viper (pseudocerastes fieldi). | the main toxic component of the venom of the false horned viper, pseudocerastes fieldi, is a heterodimeric neurotoxin composed of a basic subunit, cb ii, and one of two acidic subunits, either cb i alpha or cb i beta. the nontoxic acidic subunit increases the toxicity of the basic subunit. both subunits have phospholipase a2 (pla2) amino acid sequences. cb i alpha and cb i beta themselves are inactive towards phosphatidylcholine and when complexed with cb ii promote a delay in the onset of phosp ... | 1995 | 8588211 |
| a fibrinogen-clotting serine proteinase from cerastes cerastes (horned viper) venom with arginine-esterase and amidase activities. purification, characterization and kinetic parameter determination. | an enzyme displaying proteolytic activity toward the natural substrate casein as well as clotting activity on fibrinogen was purified to homogeneity from cerastes cerastes (horned viper) venom and characterized. the enzyme is constituted of two identical subunits of mol. wt 48,500 as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and has an isoelectric point of 3.75. n-terminal sequencing up to the 33rd residue evidenced a high homology with other snake venom proteinases. the proteinase i ... | 1992 | 1485336 |
| characterization of phospholipase a2 from the venom of horned viper (cerastes cerastes). | phospholipase a2 has been purified from the venom of horned viper (cerastes cerastes) by gel permeation chromatography followed by reverse-phase hplc. the primary structure was established by sequence analysis of the intact protein and its enzymic peptides. the structure has 120 residues, properties like other group iib phospholipases, but only 45-55% identity with the enzyme from other viperid species, and large variations even within the species (26% residue differences at known positions in a ... | 1991 | 1993470 |
| crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of caudoxin and notexin; two monomeric phospholipase a2 neurotoxins. | two monomeric neurotoxic phospholipases a2 have been crystallized and their diffraction properties characterized. crystals of caudoxin (from the venom of bitis caudalis) and notexin (from the venom of notechis scutatus scutatus) were grown at neutral ph, in the absence of calcium ion, and diffract to a resolution of 2.3 and 1.6 a, respectively. | 1991 | 1801329 |
| comparison of venoms from two subspecies of the false horned viper (pseudocerastes persicus). | gel-isoelectric focusing of pseudocerastes persicus fieldi venom shows a simple pattern with very few protein bands, while the venom of p. p. persicus reveals close to 30 protein bands. molecular sieve chromatography of p. p. persicus venom shows a typical elution profile of a viperid snake, with hemorrhagic activity and l-amino acid oxidase activity confined to the high molecular weight peak of proteins. in the venom of p. p. fieldi, which has no hemorrhagin or l-amino acid oxidase, the high mo ... | 1986 | 3775788 |
| properties of the arginine esterases from bitis nasicornis (horned adder) venom. | five forms of arginine esterase (de-2 to de-6) were purified from bitis nasicornis venom by gel filtration on sephadex g-50, followed by ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose and deae-sepharose. they contain 17.6 to 23.1% of carbohydrate, 242 to 244 amino acids including 14 half-cystine residues and have molecular masses of about 38 kda. the enzymes have a high esterolytic activity towards n alpha-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester but show no proteolytic activity against azocoll and no clotti ... | 1984 | 6569850 |
| sequence homology between phospholipase and its inhibitor in snake venom. the primary structure of the inhibitor of vipoxin from the venom of the bulgarian viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes, serpentes). | we are presenting the first primary structure of a snake venom inhibitor. it was isolated from the neurotoxin vipoxin of the bulgarian viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes, serpentes) which represents a complex of a strong toxic basic protein with phospholipase a2 activity (2 isoenzymes) and the nontoxic acidic component functioning as its inhibitor. the sequence was established by automatic degradation in a liquid phase sequenator on the s-carboxymethylated chain and on the peptides obtained by tr ... | 1984 | 6489936 |
| variation in yield and lethality of venoms from iranian snakes. | the dangerous venomous terrestrial snakes of iran belong to three groups: the elapidae (cobras); the viperinae (true vipers); the crotalinae (pit vipers). geographical distribution of each species was determined. studies on the venoms extracted from the following iranian snakes, oxus cobra, naja naja oxiana, levantine viper (afyi), vipera lebetina, carpet viper, echis carinatus, persian horned viper, pseudocerastes persicus, latifii viper, vipera latifii, mountain viper, vipera xanthina and cauc ... | 1984 | 6474490 |
| snake venoms. purification, some properties of two phospholipases a2 (cm-i and cm-ii) and the amino-acid sequence of cm-ii and bitis nasicornis (horned adder) venom. | two phospholipases a2, cm-i and cm-ii, were purified from bitis nasicornis venom by gel filtration on sephadex g-50, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose. both enzymes comprise 119 amino acids, including 12 half-cystine residues. the primary structure of cm-ii has been elucidated. the sequence and invariant amino-acid residues of cm-ii resemble those of phospholipases a2 from other venoms of viperidae and crotalidae (group ii) snake venoms. cm-i and cm-ii both contain a single ... | 1983 | 6667925 |
| purification and properties of an activating enzyme of blood clotting factor x from the venom of cerastes cerastes. | an activator of blood coagulation factor x was found in the venom of the horned viper cerastes cerastes, and was purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing. the activator is a protein composed of a heavy and a light polypeptide chain linked by disulfide bonds. two subforms of the activator were found. both contained a heavy chain of mr 58000 and are distinguished from each other by the presence of two different light chains of mr 17700 and 15000. the activator ... | 1983 | 6603869 |
| effects of the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper (bitis nasicornis) on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis. | the venom of the rhinoceros horned viper (bitis nasicornis) has been studied in vitro and has been shown to be anticoagulant. this action appeared to be due to an effect on both the extrinsic and intrinsic blood thromboplastin mechanisms. the venom was also proteolytic and in purified caseinolytic systems activated plasminogen, enhanced the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, and potentiated the action of plasmin. in the euglobulin clot lysis system high concentrations of venom produced ... | 1970 | 4251326 |
| paraspecificity of vipera a. ammodytes-specific antivenom towards montivipera raddei and macrovipera lebetina obtusa venoms. | antivenom raised against the venom of nose-horned viper, vipera ammodytes (v. a.) ammodytes (european viper venom antiserum, zagreb antivenom), contains neutralising equine f(ab')₂ fragments that are clinically successful against homologous venom, but also against the venoms of several others medically important european snakes due to its paraspecific action. in this work we demonstrated that zagreb antivenom is preclinically effective in neutralising lethal toxicity and hemorrhagicity of venoms ... | 2014 | 24378834 |
| ammodytin l is the main cardiotoxic component of the vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom. | venom of the nose-horned viper (v. a. ammodytes) as also venoms of some related european viperids can induce also cardiotoxic effects in mammals. in this work we demonstrated that the protein in the v. a. ammodytes venom acting on heart is a myotoxic secreted phospholipase a2analogue ammodytin l (atnl). in the isolated perfused rat heart atnl induced significant and irreversible cardiotoxicity characterized by atrioventricular (av) blockade. this venom protein induced appearance of high levels o ... | 2017 | 29030107 |
| vipera ammodytes bites treated with antivenom viperatab: a case series with pharmacokinetic evaluation. | in clinical practice it is difficult to differentiate between v. berus and v. ammodytes venomous bites. in the past this was not a concern, but due to the current shortage in viperfav™ and european viper venom antiserum availability, v. a. ammodytes venomous bites have recently been treated with viperatab®, which is a pharmaceutical formulation containing a monospecific ovine fab fragments against the venom of v. berus. | 2017 | 28092984 |
| cardiotoxic effects of the vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom fractions in the isolated perfused rat heart. | the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) is the most venomous european snake. its venom is known as haematotoxic, myotoxic and neurotoxic but it exerts also cardiotoxic effects. to further explore the cardiotoxicity of the venom we separated it into four fractions by gel filtration chromatography. three fractions that contain polypeptides (a, b, and c) were tested for their effects on isolated rat heart. heart rate (hr), incidence of arrhythmias (atrioventricular (av) blocks, ventricul ... | 2016 | 27623431 |
| structural and biochemical characterisation of vaf1, a p-iiia fibrinogenolytic metalloproteinase from vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom. | a high molecular mass metalloproteinase with α-fibrinogenolytic activity, termed vaf1, was purified from nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) venom. subcutaneous injection of 9 μg of vaf1 did not induce bleeding in rats. nevertheless, in vitro it degraded collagen iv, nidogen and fibronectin, components of the extracellular matrix, although with low efficacy and narrow specificity. vaf1 would be expected to exert anti-coagulant action, due to its hydrolysis of fibrinogen, factor x, pro ... | 2015 | 25549999 |
| lethal herpesvirosis in 16 captive horned vipers (vipera ammodytes ammodytes): pathological and ultrastructural findings. | sixteen captive adult horned vipers (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) were submitted for necropsy examination following a 2-week history of lethargy, anorexia and dyspnoea. gross lesions included widespread haemorrhage, serosanguineous effusions in the body cavities and multiple pinpoint white to yellow foci in the liver. microscopically, there was multifocal hepatic coagulative necrosis associated with intranuclear acidophilic inclusion bodies in sinusoidal endothelial cells. similar endothelial les ... | 2014 | 24309907 |
| preliminary evaluation of total protein concentration and electrophoretic protein fractions in fresh and frozen serum from wild horned vipers (vipera ammodytes ammodytes). | determination of the health status of reptiles is based on physical examination and evaluation of hematologic and biochemical values. evaluation of serum total protein (tp) concentration and protein fractions plays an important role in health assessment; however, little is known about references value for these analytes in wild viperoid snakes. in addition, studies evaluating the stability of proteins in frozen viperoid serum are lacking. | 2012 | 23078521 |
| a recent evaluation of the lethal potencies of ammodytoxins. | ammodytoxin a (atxa) is the most toxic secreted phospholipase a(2) of the three isotoxins with presynaptic neurotoxicity, isolated from the venom of the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes), with an ld(50) of 21 μg/kg in mice. the toxic potencies of two other isoforms have been re-evaluated using highly purified recombinant proteins, with their intraperitoneal ld(50)s determined as 960 μg/kg for atxb and 310 μg/kg for atxc. atxb and atxc differ from atxa in only three and two amino aci ... | 2012 | 22406514 |
| infant death after nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) bite in croatia: a case report. | a case of a 45-day-old male infant, bitten on the neck by nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes), is reported. this episode occurred while the baby was on a picnic with his parents in a hill near a town in southern croatia. in spite of immediate arrival at hospital, where antivenom was administrated and all the necessary treatment measures were carried out, the infant died 6 h following the bite. the cause of death was severe and progressive hyperkalaemia, massive intravascular haemolysi ... | 2010 | 20813122 |
| intercontinental test of constraint-breaking adaptations: testing behavioural plasticity in the face of a predator with novel hunting strategies. | constraint-breaking adaptations are evolutionary tools that provide a mechanism for incumbent-replacement between species filling similar ecological roles. in common-garden experiments, we exposed populations of two desert rodents to two different viper species, testing their ability to adjust to novel predators that use different hunting strategies. we aimed to understand whether both predators and prey with constraint-breaking adaptations actually manifest comparative advantage over their coun ... | 2020 | 32271948 |
| divergent behavior amid convergent evolution: a case of four desert rodents learning to respond to known and novel vipers. | desert communities world-wide are used as natural laboratories for the study of convergent evolution, yet inferences drawn from such studies are necessarily indirect. here, we brought desert organisms together (rodents and vipers) from two deserts (mojave and negev). both predators and prey in the mojave have adaptations that give them competitive advantage compared to their middle-eastern counterparts. heteromyid rodents of the mojave, kangaroo rats and pocket mice, have fur-lined cheek pouches ... | 2018 | 30125293 |
| utilising venom activity to infer dietary composition of the kenyan horned viper (bitis worthingtoni). | bitis are well known for being some of the most commonly encountered and medically important snake species in all of africa. while the majority of species possess potently anticoagulant venom, only b. worthingtoni is known to possess procoagulant venom. although known to be the basal species within the genus, b. worthingtoni is an almost completely unstudied species with even basic dietary information lacking. this study investigated various aspects of the unique procoagulant effects of b. worth ... | 2020 | 33122136 |
| cerastes cerastes snakebite complicated by coagulopathy and cardiotoxicity with electrocardiographic changes. | snakebites occur worldwide with varying frequency. outcomes associated with snakebite are varied and depend on the type of snake and the general health of the patient. we report a case of snakebite by cerastes cerastes or desert horned viper. consumptive coagulopathy and cardiotoxicity with electrocardiographic changes complicated the clinical course of the patient. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the state of qatar. | 2020 | 33035563 |
| the first kunitz-type proteins from a viperid venom that potentiate neuromuscular transmission. | kunitz-type proteins that interfere with neuronal transmission have been thus far exclusively detected in venoms of elapid snakes. here, we report for the first time that such proteins are also present in the venom of a viperid snake. from the venom of the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes; vaa), we isolated kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitors (vaachi) and demonstrated that these molecules also significantly increase the amplitudes of an indirectly evoked simple muscle contraction of ... | 2020 | 33010297 |
| the procoagulant snake venom serine protease potentially having a dual, blood coagulation factor v and x-activating activity. | a procoagulant snake venom serine protease was isolated from the venom of the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes). this 34 kda glycoprotein, termed vaasp-vx, possesses five kda n-linked carbohydrates. amino acid sequencing showed vaasp-vx to be a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. structurally, it is highly homologous to vaasp-6 from the same venom and to nikobin from the venom of vipera nikolskii, neither of which have known functions. vaasp-vx does not affect platelets. the specific ... | 2020 | 32485989 |
| embryonic development of skull bones in the sahara horned viper (cerastes cerastes), with new insights into structures related to the basicranium and braincase roof. | ontogenetic studies are crucial for understanding functional morphology, origin and adaptation of skulls in vertebrates. however, very few studies have so far released complete embryonic series focusing on skull embryonic development in species showing diverse and extreme cranial morphologies such as snakes. the wide distribution and unique reproductive and ecological behaviors of venomous vipers, including the heterogeneity in breeding and egg incubation periods in oviparous species, make this ... | 2020 | 32242931 |
| cytotoxic effects of pseudocerastes persicus venom and its hplc fractions on lung cancer cells. | several studies have pointed out that certain snake venoms contain compounds presenting cytotoxic activities that selectively interfere with cancer cell metabolism. in this study, pseudocerastes persicus venom and its fractions were investigated for their anticancer potential on lung cancer cells. | 2019 | 31555336 |
| comprehensive study of the proteome and transcriptome of the venom of the most venomous european viper: discovery of a new subclass of ancestral snake venom metalloproteinase precursor-derived proteins. | the nose-horned viper, its nominotypical subspecies vipera ammodytes ammodytes ( vaa), in particular, is, medically, one of the most relevant snakes in europe. the local and systemic clinical manifestations of poisoning by the venom of this snake are the result of the pathophysiological effects inflicted by enzymatic and nonenzymatic venom components acting, most prominently, on the blood, cardiovascular, and nerve systems. this venom is a very complex mixture of pharmacologically active protein ... | 2019 | 31017792 |
| the neurotoxic secreted phospholipase a2 from the vipera a. ammodytes venom targets cytochrome c oxidase in neuronal mitochondria. | the β-neurotoxic secreted phospholipases a2 (spla2s) block neuro-muscular transmission by poisoning nerve terminals. damage inflicted by such spla2s (β-ntx) on neuronal mitochondria is characteristic, very similar to that induced by structurally homologous endogenous group iia spla2 when its activity is elevated, as, for example, in the early phase of alzheimer's disease. using ammodytoxin (atx), the β-ntx from the venom of the nose-horned viper (vipera a. ammodytes), the spla2 receptor r25 has ... | 2019 | 30670719 |
| thrombocytopenic purpura following envenomation by the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes): two case reports. | two clinical cases are reported of envenomation by the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes) venom of a 9-year-old boy and of an 84-year-old woman. | 2018 | 30593149 |
| characterization of a new member of kunitz-type protein family from the venom of persian false-horned viper, pseudocerastes persicus. | a new member of kunitz-type protein family, ppti (pseudocerastespersicustrypsin inhibitor), was isolated from the venom of persian false horned viper pseudocerastes persicus and characterized. mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing revealed that ppti is a 68 amino acid protein with molecular weight of about 7.6 kda. the first amino acid residue of ppti is n-terminally blocked via a post translational modification to pyroglutamyl. sequence comparison against uniprotkb shows a high sequence s ... | 2019 | 30452896 |
| the first intrinsic tenase complex inhibitor with serine protease structure offers a new perspective in anticoagulant therapy. | components of the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, among them factor viiia (fviiia), have been recognized as suitable therapeutic targets to treat venous thromboembolism, pathological process behind two very serious cardiovascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. here, we describe a unique glycoprotein from the nose-horned viper (vipera ammodytes ammodytes [vaa]) venom, vaa serine proteinase homolog 1 (vaasph-1), structurally a serine protease but without an enzymatic a ... | 2018 | 30235482 |
| cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles with transcaucasian nose-horned viper, vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana, venom on u87mg and shsy5y neuronal cancer cells. | highly bioactive compounds of the snake venom make them particular sources for anticancer agent development. they contain very rich peptide-protein structures. therefore, they are very susceptible to environmental conditions such as temperature, ph, and light. in this study, vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana venom was encapsulated in pamam-g4 dendrimer by sol-gel method in order to prevent degradation of venom contents from the environmental conditions. for this purpose, nanoparticles were prepar ... | 2018 | 29611136 |
| a horned viper bite victim with pres. | neurological complications of snake bites have been well documented in the literature as neuromuscular paralysis and cerebrovascular complications; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was rarely described. a 23-year-old lady presented near full term of her pregnancy with a horned snake cerastes cerastes bite; after successful delivery she started complaining of altered mental status and visual disturbance with ulceration over the site of the snake bite. on admission, the patient had gla ... | 2017 | 28487791 |
| ecological aspects of the horned viper, cerastes cerastes gasperettii in the central region of saudi arabia. | feeding ecology of any species can help us to understand its natural history, ecological requirements and approaches involved in searching for food. feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism in the horned viper, cerastes cerastes gasperetti collected from the al-thumama area, central region of saudi arabia was described. the gut content of cerastes c. gasperetti mainly consisted of rodents (70%) in addition to arthropods (15%) and lizards (10%). least sexual size dimorphism was noticed in the specie ... | 2016 | 26858550 |
| [hemorrhagic stroke following a fatal envenomation by a horned viper in tunisia]. | | 2015 | 26327993 |
| reproductive biology of the horned viper, cerastes cerastes gasperettii in the central region of saudi arabia. | the reproductive biology of the horned viper, cerastes cerastes gasperettii, in riyadh region of saudi arabia was investigated over a period of one year. study of reproductive cycle of male and female c. c. gasperettii revealed that the breeding season is relatively short (april and may). thereafter females laid eggs by mid of july and hatching probably had taken place by the end of september. no activity was observed during winter, this may indicate just a single clutch per year. relative testi ... | 2015 | 25972758 |
| [association of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral stroke due to severe envenomation by the sahara horned viper (cerastes cerastes)]. | viper envenomation can cause complex disorders of hemostasis. these disorders usually lead to hemorrhagic syndrome. the occurrence of thrombosis is exceptional. this case report describes a severe envenomation by the saharan horned viper (cerastes cerastes), complicated by unusual brain injuries: hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. the physiopathologic link between this serious toxic coagulopathy and the multitude of toxins in the venom of cerastes cerastes is highlighted. | 2013 | 23934315 |
| [paraspecificity of antivenins: example of severe envenomation by the sahara horned viper (cerastes cerastes) treated with non-specific antivenin]. | snake bites are a major public health problem in morocco. both morbidity and mortality of ophidian envenomation remain very high in this country. antivenin immunotherapy, the only etiological treatment of this envenomation, is often unavailable in local hospitals. moreover, when available, antivenins are not necessarily suitable for local ophidian species. this case report describes severe poisoning caused by a sahara horned viper (cerastes cerastes) in southern morocco. in the absence of specif ... | 2016 | 23695188 |
| egyptian horned viper cerastes cerastes venom hyaluronidase: purification, partial characterization and evidence for its action as a spreading factor. | novel hyaluronidase cchaseii (33 kda) of the most dangerous horned viper cerastes cerastes (cc) was purified and partial characterized in a set of biochemical assays. cchaseii was purified by applying a protocol of two successive chromatographic steps; gel filtration on a sephacryl s-200 and cation exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose columns. it has specific activity 4000 units/mg protein against 154 units/mg protein for the whole venom with 26-purification fold. the enzymatic activity of th ... | 2012 | 23000079 |
| acute renal failure following the saharan horned viper (cerastes cerastes) bite. | the saharan horned viper (cerastes cerastes) is a common snake in the sandy and rocky regions in the south of morocco. although nearly all snakes with medical relevance can induce acute renal failure (arf), it's unusual except with bites by some viper species. arf has very rarely been reported following cerastes cerastes bite. | 2012 | 22967255 |
| [a rare toxicological emergency case: snakebite of the saharan horned viper]. | we report on the snakebite injury of a 27-year-old male patient by a saharan horned viper in his left middle finger. general symptoms (thrombocytopenia, fibrinolysis and rhabdomyolysis) were leading and required observation at close intervals on intensive care unit and the application of a specific antiserum. at the finger a local necrectomy for the haemorrhagic necrosis was needed, followed by split-skin grafting for tissue coverage. | 2011 | 21321815 |
| metastatic fibrosarcoma in a captive saharan horned viper (cerastes cerastes) with high hepatic levels of cadmium. | | 2009 | 19483212 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of a novel hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from horned viper (cerastes cerastes) venom. | snake venoms contain metalloproteinases that contribute to the local effects observed after envenoming. in this study, a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase (cch1) was purified from cerastes cerastes venom by a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange, affinity and rp-hplc chromatography. the hemorrhagin was homogeneous on sds-page, with a molecular mass of 25 kda. isoelectric focusing revealed a pi of 5.5. cch1 displayed hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities, but no esterolytic activity. the hemo ... | 2009 | 19470410 |