| neuromuscular blocking activity of two fractions isolated from the venom of the seasnake, laticauda semifasciata. | | 1978 | 622725 |
| reversibility of neuromuscular blockade produced by toxins isolated from the venom of the seasnake laticauda semifasciata. | | 1978 | 653750 |
| neuromuscular blocking actions of neurotoxins isolated from laticauda semifasciata, naja naja and naja naja atra--a comparative assay--. | | 1977 | 916390 |
| the alpha-neurotoxin erabutoxin b causes fade at the rat end-plate. | d-tubocurarine and the alpha-neurotoxins from snake venom are antagonists at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. it is well established that d-tubocurarine causes fade in neuromuscular transmission during repetitive nerve stimulation but paradoxically there are many reports which indicate that the alpha-neurotoxins do not cause such fade. we found that high concentrations of erabutoxin b (100-150 nm) from the venom of laticauda semifasciata did not cause much fade in the rat diaphragm preparat ... | 1990 | 2311657 |
| [histochemical study of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the cat posterior cricoarytenoid muscle using erabutoxin b]. | acetylcholine receptors (achrs) at the neuromuscular junctions of the cat posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (pca muscle) were demonstrated by using erabutoxin b (eb) which has a curare-like action. eb is one of the short-chain neurotoxins which is obtained from laticauda-semifasciata. at the light microscopic level, the localization of the neuromuscular junctions was detected on the muscle fiber by rhodamine-labeled eb (tmr-eb) under a fluorescein microscopy. for the electron microscopy horseradis ... | 1989 | 2585194 |
| the isolation of an easily reversible post-synaptic toxin from the venom of a sea snake, laticauda semifasciata. | a weakly neurotoxic component (ls-iii) was isolated by cm-cellulose column chromatography from the venom of a sea snake laticauda semifasciata. the content of component lsiii was about 10-20% of the venom as determined by u.v. absorption at 280nm. component lsiii was homogeneous on rechromatography and disc electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was shown to be 7100 by ultracentrifugation and 7300 by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis. the isoelectric point of com ... | 1974 | 4455212 |
| the amino acid sequences of erabutoxins, neurotoxic proteins of sea-snake (laticauda semifasciata) venom. | 1. erabutoxin b was reduced, s-carboxymethylated and hydrolysed with trypsin. seven tryptic fragments were isolated by column chromatography and paper electrophoresis. some of the fragments were further hydrolysed with alpha-chymotrypsin, pepsin, nagarse, proctase a or proctase b. the amino acid sequences of the fragment peptides were determined by subtractive edman degradation. 2. from the tryptic digest of reduced, s-carboxymethylated and trifluoroacetylated erabutoxin b two fragments were iso ... | 1971 | 4941832 |
| characterization and chemical modifications of toxins isolated from the venoms of the sea snake, laticauda semifasciata, from philippines. | | 1971 | 4996349 |
| [neuromuscular action of sea snake 'erabu' (laticauda semifasciata) venom and of the erabutoxins a and b]. | | 1972 | 5079721 |
| studies on sea-snake venoms. crystallization of erabutoxins a and b from laticauda semifasciata venom. | 1. the toxic principles in the venom of the sea-snake laticauda semifasciata were separated into two components by cm-cellulose chromatography and obtained in crystalline forms. they were named ;erabutoxins a and b'. 2. the homogeneity of each toxin was shown by rechromatography, by disk electrophoresis, by ultracentrifuging, by toxicity measurements before and after repeated crystallizations and by n-terminal analysis. 3. they had molecular weights of about 7000. both of them contained 61 (or 6 ... | 1966 | 5964959 |
| the effects of alpha- and beta-neurotoxins from the venoms of various snakes on transmission in autonomic ganglia. | we have previously shown that certain commercially available lots of alpha-bungarotoxin block transmission in ciliary and choroid neurons of both pigeon and chicken ciliary ganglia at a concentration of 10 microgram/ml (1.2 microm). the blockade is antagonized by pre-incubation with 100 microm tubocurarine. further evidence that this blockade is produced by a postsynaptic action, as one would expect of an alpha-neurotoxin, are our findings that: (a) exposure to the toxin prevents the depolarizat ... | 1981 | 6261879 |
| structure-activity studies of homologues of short chain neurotoxins from elapid snake venoms. | three neurotoxin homologues (cm10 and cm12 from naja haje annulifera and s5c10 from dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae) and two short neurotoxins (cm14 from naja haje annulifera and erabutoxin b from laticauda semifasciata) were examined by circular dichroism (c.d.) and tested for neuromuscular activity on chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparations. all three homologues had acetylcholine receptor blocking activity, as they abolished responses to indirect stimulation, acetylcholine and carbacho ... | 1984 | 6743920 |
| human pancreatic phospholipase a2 stimulates the growth of human pancreatic cancer cell line. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) from human pancreas, designated hpla2-i, functions as a digestive enzyme. interestingly, the present study demonstrated that the mature form of hpla2-i stimulated the growth of a human pancreatic cancer cell line miapaca-2, whereas the pro-form was ineffective. pla2s from laticauda semifasciata fraction i, crotalus adamanteus venom, streptomyces violaceoruber and bee venom, showed no proliferative effect to the growth of miapaca-2. the scatchard plot analysis revealed tha ... | 1995 | 7589440 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against naja naja oxiana neurotoxin i. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed against neurotoxin i (nt-1), a protein from central asian cobra (naja naja oxiana) venom which binds specifically to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr). all of the mabs cross-reacted with another long-chain post-synaptic neurotoxin, bungarus multicinctus alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-bt), but not naja naja kaouthia alpha-cobratoxin, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e.l.i.s.a.). short-chain post-synaptic neurotoxins like naja naja atra co ... | 1994 | 7945236 |
| acetylcholine receptor binding characteristics of snake and cone snail venom postsynaptic neurotoxins: further studies with a non-radioactive assay. | the binding of postsynaptic neurotoxins from snake and marine cone snail (conus sp.) venoms to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) was investigated with an elisa-based, non-radioactive assay. three snake postsynaptic toxins from the long-chain group (naja naja kaouthia cobratoxin, naja oxiana neurotoxin i, bungarus multicinctus alpha-bungarotoxin) and short-chain group (naja naja atra cobrotoxin, naja oxiana neurotoxin ii, and laticauda semifasciata erabutoxin b) were studied. both types of ... | 1993 | 8212028 |
| toxic effects of human pancreatic and snake and bee venom phospholipases a2 on mcf-7 cells in culture. | the toxicity of phospholipase a2 (pla2) has been suggested to be involved in the pathology of a number of severe diseases including septic shock and acute pancreatitis. however, testing the toxicity of these substances is difficult in vivo. in the present study we compared the toxicity of pla2s from three snake venoms, bee venom and human pancreas on mcf-7 cells grown in culture. tetrazolium microculture assays were developed to test the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of pla2 on mcf-7 cells. t ... | 1993 | 8212029 |
| genetic engineering of snake toxins. role of invariant residues in the structural and functional properties of a curaremimetic toxin, as probed by site-directed mutagenesis. | to study the site by which erabutoxin a (ea) from laticauda semifasciata binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, we mutated most residues that are shared with other curaremimetic toxins and studied the structural and biological consequences of introduced mutations. by site-directed mutagenesis, we changed ser-8 into gly (eas8g), lys-27 into glu (eak27e), trp-29 into phe (eaw29f) and his (eaw29h), asp-31 into his (ead31h), phe-32 into leu (eaf32l), arg-33 into lys (ear33k) and glu (ear33e) ... | 1993 | 8419369 |
| a comparative analysis of invaded sequences from group ia phospholipase a(2) genes provides evidence about the divergence period of genes groups and snake families. | two phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) genes classified into group ia were cloned from the genomic library of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata. eight clones were obtained by pcr cloning procedure from genomic dna of laticauda laticaudata (four clones) and laticauda colubrina (four clones). the genes were 3.6-4.4kbp in length. intron and exon organization of the group ia pla(2) genes was the same as that of naja sputatrix group ia pla(2) genes (four exons and three introns). there were two kinds of ... | 2002 | 12076640 |
| cobra ( naja spp. ) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor exhibits resistance to erabu sea snake ( laticauda semifasciata) short-chain alpha-neurotoxin. | snake alpha-neutotoxins of elapidae venoms are grouped into two structural classes, short-chain and long-chain alpha-neutotoxins. while these two classes share many chemical and biological characteristics, there are also distinct dissimilarities between them, including their binding site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr), specificity among species of chordata, and the associated pharmacological effects. in the present study we test the hypothesis that structural motifs that evolved ... | 2004 | 15170255 |
| effect of lipids from erabu sea snake, laticauda semifasciata, on plasma glucose, insulin, and adipocytokine concentrations of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic mice. | to clarify the influence of erabu sea snake lipid on levels of plasma insulin and adipocyte-derived hormones. | 2006 | 16847395 |
| molecular evolution of toxin genes in elapidae snakes. | the venom of the sea krait, laticauda semifasciata, consists primarily of two toxic proteins, phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) and a three-finger-structure toxin. we have cloned both toxic protein genes, including the upstream region. pla(2) genes contain three types of inserted sequences: an ag-rich region, a chicken repeat 1-like long interspersed nucleotide element sequence and an intron ii 3' side repeat sequence. the molecular divergence of l. semifasciata pla(2) genes was defined on the basis o ... | 2006 | 17096076 |
| effect of erabu sea snake (laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance of mice. | this study was designed to investigate the effect of erabu sea snake (laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance of mice. | 2007 | 17622788 |
| effect of erabu sea snake (laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance of aged mice. | the effect of erabu sea snake (laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance was investigated in aged mice. fifty three-week-old male crlj:cd-1 (icr) mice were fed one of three experimental diets containing either 6% lard, 6% fish oil, or 6% sea snake lipids for 16 wk. the swimming exercise was carried out in an acrylic plastic tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23(o)c. swimming times to exhaustion were measured with a load of 2% of their body weights attached to the tails ... | 2007 | 18202534 |
| cysteine-rich secretory proteins in snake venoms form high affinity complexes with human and porcine beta-microseminoproteins. | beta-microseminoprotein (msp), a 10 kda protein in human seminal plasma, binds human cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (crisp-3) with high affinity. crisp-3 is a member of the family of crisps, which are widespread among animals. in this work we show that human as well as porcine msp binds catrin, latisemin, pseudecin, and triflin, which are crisps present in the venoms of the snakes crotalus atrox, laticauda semifasciata, pseudechis porphyriacus, and trimeresurus flavoviridis, respectively. the ... | 2009 | 19341830 |
| a comparative study of the effects of erabu sea snake (laticauda semifasciata) lipids, green tea extract and conjugated linoleic acid on the swimming endurance of mice. | the aim of this study was to assess the interaction between physical and biochemical parameters in mice fed 1 % sea snake lipids (ssl) and compare these with animals fed diets containing 0.2 % green tea extract (gte) or 0.5 % conjugated linoleic acid (cla). the swimming times of the ssl group were significantly increased at weeks 12 and 16 (p<0.001), and those of the gte group, at week 12 (p<0.005), but not those of the control or cla group, compared with those at week 0. the increase tended to ... | 2009 | 20533222 |
| nephrotoxic action of rattlesnake and sea snake venoms: an electron-microscopic study. | the fine structure of renal corpuscles and proximal convoluted tubules of the right kidneys of suiss mice were studied 9 hr after the injection of the venom of crotalus atrox (western diamond-back rattlesnake) or the venom of laticauda semifasciata (broad-banded blue sea snake). rattlesnake envenomation resulted in several ultrastructural changes in the renal corpuscles and proximal convoluted tubules. visceral epithelial changes included intracellular oedema, blebbing, vesiculations, the format ... | 1987 | 1255307 |
| three-dimensional structure of neurotoxin a from venom of the philippines sea snake. | the crystal structure of neurotoxin a from the venom of philippines sea snake laticauda semifasciata has been determined at 2.5 a resolution by x-ray diffraction. comparison with the structure of neurotoxin b from the same source indicates that the two toxins differ only by substitution at his 26. earlier chemical work had suggested a difference in chain length and considerable differences in amino acid composition. the difference between our a and b toxins is the same as that reported from sequ ... | 1993 | 265589 |
| isolation and amino acid sequence of a phospholipase a2 inhibitor from the blood plasma of the sea krait, laticauda semifasciata. | a phospholipase a2 (pla2) inhibitor was purified from the blood plasma of a sea krait, laticauda semifasciata, by sequential chromatography on sephadex g-200, mono q, and phenyl sepharose columns. the purified inhibitor was found to be the same type as the pla2 inhibitors, named pligamma, that had been purified from the blood plasma of the thai cobra naja naja kaouthia [ohkura et al. (1994) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 200, 784-788] and chinese mamushi agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus [ohkura ... | 1999 | 9990137 |
| thioredoxin-linked reductive inactivation of venom neurotoxins. | thioredoxin, a 12-kda protein with a catalytically active disulfide group, has recently been found to reduce intramolecular disulfide bonds in a variety of proteins. we now report that thioredoxin, reduced either enzymically with nadph and nadp-thioredoxin reductase or chemically with dithiothreitol or lipoic acid, acts as a specific reductant of purified snake venom neurotoxins, a diverse group of disulfide proteins. included were bungarus multicinctus neurotoxins that act presynaptically (beta ... | 1994 | 8135548 |
| a novel neurotoxin, cobrotoxin b, from naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) venom: purification, characterization, and gene organization. | a novel neurotoxin, cobrotoxin b, was isolated from naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) venom by successive chromatographies on gel filtration and sp-sephadex c-25 columns. the yield of this novel toxin was 5% of that of cobrotoxin from the same venom. its neurotoxicity determined as the inhibition of acetylcholine-induced muscle contractions was approximately 50% of that of cobrotoxin. cobrotoxin b consists of 61 amino acid residues including 8 cysteine residues. moreover, there are 12 amino acid sub ... | 1997 | 9498573 |
| nucleotide sequence and structure analysis of cdnas encoding short-chain neurotoxins from venom glands of a sea snake (aipysurus laevis). | two cdnas from the sea snake aipysurus laevis have been cloned and sequenced. they encode isoforms of short chain neurotoxins. one of them is toxin b, previously isolated from the venom of aipysurus laevis and sequenced by maeda and tamiya (biochem. j. 153, 79, 1976), whereas the other corresponds to an isoform which was not hitherto described. the two toxin sequences differ from each other by three amino-acid residues. both cdna structures were comparable with that previously determined in our ... | 1990 | 2330602 |
| extremely low nerve growth facior (ngf) activity of sea snake (hydrophiidae) venoms. | sea snake venoms contain less protein than those of land snakes (toom et al., 1969). sea snake venoms lack arginine ester hydrolyzing activity, whereas those of crotalidae and viperidae have such activity (tu et al., 1966). sea snakes live in salty water, and their venoms may be different from those of land snakes. because of the difficulty in obtaining sea snake venoms, information about sea snake venoms is quite incomplete. ngf is commonly present in the venoms of land snakes such as elapidae, ... | 2002 | 12503884 |
| laser raman spectroscopy of snake venom neurotoxins: conformation. | laser raman spectra of neurotoxins of pelamis platurus (yellow-bellied sea snake) and laticauda semifasciata (broad-banded blue sea snake) were investigated. the amide i band appeared at 1672 cm-1 for both toxins, which presents an indication of anti-parallel beta structure. since this agrees well with the result from the cd-ord studies of snake neurotoxin, it was concluded that snake neurotoxins mainly consist of beta structure. the amide iii band appeared at 1245 cm-1 for p. platurus toxin and ... | 1976 | 955780 |
| comparison of freshwater discrimination ability in three species of sea kraits (laticauda semifasciata, l. laticaudata and l. colubrina). | three species of amphibious sea kraits (laticauda spp.) require drinking freshwater to regulate water balance. the extent of terrestriality is known to differ among them. species with higher extent of terrestriality would drink freshwater accumulated on land, whereas less terrestrial species would rely totally on freshwater that runs into the sea. consequently, we predicted that the latter species might have a better ability to follow the flow of freshwater or lower salinity water in the sea tha ... | 2013 | 23224248 |
| properties and biosynthesis of a neurotoxic protein of the venoms of s snakes laticauda laticaudata and laticauda colubrina. | 1. a neurotoxic protein similar to erabutoxins a and b of laticauda semifasciata was isolated in crystalline form from the venoms of laticauda laticaudata and laticauda colubrina. the name ;laticotoxin a' is proposed. 2. laticotoxin a is homogeneous by cm-cellulose column chromatography, disc electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and by terminal amino acid analyses. 3. laticotoxin a consists of 62 amino acid residues. the molecular weight by ultracentrifuging is 6520. 4. the minimal 50% lethal ... | 1969 | 5346371 |
| geographic genetic structure in two laticaudine sea kraits, laticauda laticaudata and laticauda semifasciata (serpentes: elapidae), in the ryukyu-taiwan region as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. | the ryukyu-taiwan region is an island arch with intervening waters of varying distances and depths. this study examines the geographic genetic structure of two sympatric sea kraits, laticauda laticaudata and l. semifasciata, in the region, to infer factors affecting the extent of dispersal and other biogeographical traits of these amphibious reptiles. sequence analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene revealed four and 16 haplotypes for l. laticaudata (136 individuals) and l. semifasciata ... | 2013 | 23915156 |
| molecular evolution and diversification of snake toxin genes, revealed by analysis of intron sequences. | the genes encoding erabutoxin (short chain neurotoxin) isoforms (ea, eb, and ec), lsiii (long chain neurotoxin) and a novel long chain neurotoxin pseudogene were cloned from a laticauda semifasciata genomic library. short and long chain neurotoxin genes were also cloned from the genome of laticauda laticaudata, a closely related species of l. semifasciata, by pcr. a putative matrix attached region (mar) sequence was found in the intron i of the lsiii gene. comparative analysis of 11 structurally ... | 2003 | 12957382 |
| northward dispersal of sea kraits (laticauda semifasciata) beyond their typical range. | marine reptiles are declining globally, and recent climate change may be a contributing factor. the study of sea snakes collected beyond their typical distribution range provides valuable insight on how climate change affects marine reptile populations. recently, we collected 12 laticauda semifasciata (11 females, 1 male) from the waters around southern south korea-an area located outside its typical distribution range (japan, china including taiwan, philippines and indonesia). we investigated t ... | 2017 | 28644894 |
| structural characteristics and evolution of the protobothrops elegans pancreatic phospholipase a2 gene in contrast with those of protobothrops genus venom phospholipase a2 genes. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding protobothrops elegans (crotalinae) pancreatic phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)), abbreviated pepancpla(2), was determined by means of inverted pcr techniques. since its deduced amino acid sequence contains a pancreatic loop and shows high similarity to that of laticauda semifasciata (elapinae) group ib pancreatic pla(2), pepancpla(2) is classified into group ib pla(2). the nucleotide sequences of the pepancpla(2) gene, the l. semifasciata group ib pancreati ... | 2013 | 23291767 |
| habitat selection by sea kraits (laticauda spp.) at coastal sites of orchid island, taiwan. | three species of amphibious sea kraits (laticauda spp.) spend variable time at sea and require fresh water for water balance. both the rate of cutaneous evaporative water loss and the extent of terrestriality are known to differ among them. laticauda semifasciata has the greatest rate of water loss and the least extent of terrestriality, whereas l. colubrina exhibits the reverse and l. laticaudata is intermediate. these sea kraits tend to be more abundant at places where there are sources of fre ... | 2012 | 22687369 |
| morphological and biochemical evidence for the evolution of salt glands in snakes. | vertebrate salt glands have evolved independently multiple times, yet there are few hypotheses about the processes underlying the convergent evolution of salt glands across taxa. here, we compare the morphology and molecular biology of specialized salt-secreting glands from a marine snake (laticauda semifasciata) with the cephalic glands from semi-marine (nerodia clarkii clarkii) and freshwater (n. fasciata) watersnakes to look for evidence of a salt gland in the former and to develop hypotheses ... | 2011 | 21807110 |
| renal responses to salinity change in snakes with and without salt glands. | to understand renal responses to salinity change in aquatic reptiles, we examined the structure and function of the kidney in three species of snake: a marine species with a salt gland (laticauda semifasciata), a marine species without a salt gland (nerodia clarkii clarkii) and a freshwater species without a salt gland (nerodia fasciata). both marine species maintained relatively constant plasma ions, even after acclimation to saltwater. by contrast, both plasma cl(-) and mortality increased wit ... | 2011 | 21653808 |
| studies on sea snake venom. | erabutoxins a and b are neurotoxins isolated from venom of a sea snake laticauda semifasciata (erabu-umihebi). amino acid sequences of the toxins indicated that the toxins are members of a superfamily consisting of short and long neurotoxins and cytotoxins found in sea snakes and terrestrial snakes. the short neurotoxins to which erabutoxins belong act by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the post synaptic membrane in a manner similar to that of curare. x-ray crystallography and n ... | 2011 | 21422738 |
| immunolocalization of na+/k+-atpase and na+/k+/2cl- cotransporter in the tubular epithelia of sea snake salt glands. | the sublingual salt gland is the primary site of salt excretion in sea snakes; however, little is known about the mechanisms mediating ion excretion. na(+)/k(+)-atpase (nka) and na(+)/k(+)/2cl(-) cotransporter (nkcc) are two proteins known to regulate membrane potential and drive salt secretion in most vertebrate secretory cells. we hypothesized that nka and nkcc would localize to the basolateral membranes of the principal cells comprising the tubular epithelia of sea snake salt glands. although ... | 2009 | 19751844 |
| actions of snake neurotoxins on an insect nicotinic cholinergic synapse. | here we examine the actions of six snake neurotoxins (alpha-cobratoxin from naja naja siamensis, erabutoxin-a and b from laticauda semifasciata; cm12 from n. haje annulifera, toxin iii 4 from notechis scutatus and a long toxin from n. haje) on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cercal afferent, giant interneuron 2 synapse of the cockroach, periplaneta americana. all toxins tested reduced responses to directly-applied ach as well as epsps evoked by electrical stimulation of nerve xi with si ... | 2007 | 17710455 |
| comparative analysis of gene expression mechanisms between group ia and ib phospholipase a2 genes from sea snake laticauda semifasciata. | phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) genes expressed in the venom glands of the sea snake, laticauda semifasciata, were investigated. both mrnas, encoding group ia (without a pancreatic loop) and group ib (with pancreatic loop), were detected from venom glands by northern blot hybridization analysis and rt-pcr. the results of quantitative pcr analysis indicated that the expression amount of group ia genes was around 100-300 times greater than that of group ib genes. sequence analysis of 5'-upstream regio ... | 2004 | 15145067 |
| amino acid sequence of the alpha- and beta-globin chains of the erabu sea snake (laticaudia semifasciata). | we determined the complete amino acid sequences of the erabu sea snake (laticaudia semifasciata) hemoglobin by analyzing the intact globin chains, enzymatically digested fragments, and chemical cleavage fragments to clarify the molecular evolution and phylogenetic classification of the sea snake. the erabu sea snake has two types of hemoglobin components, hb-i and hb-ii, which contain different alpha- and beta-chains. this is the second report of the complete primary structure for hemoglobin of ... | 2003 | 14690252 |
| cysteine proteinase inhibitors in elapid and hydrophiid snake venoms. | the ability of elapid and hydrophiid snake venoms to inhibit cathepsin l was tested. all nine species of elapid and three species of hydrophiid snake venoms tested showed inhibition against cathepsin l. all of these venoms tested also showed inhibition against papain as well as against cathepsin l. among these venoms, two elapid (laticauda semifasciata venom, and ophiophagus hannah venom) and one hydrophiid snake venom (notechis scutatus scutatus venom) showed strong inhibition against both cath ... | 2002 | 12220712 |
| nucleotide sequence of phospholipase a(2) gene expressed in snake pancreas reveals the molecular evolution of toxic phospholipase a(2) genes. | we have cloned two phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) dna complementary to rna that contained nucleotide sequences encoding pancreas loop by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction cloning procedure using messenger rna isolated from laticauda semifasciata pancreas. additionally, a gene clone encoding pla(2) with the pancreatic loop sequence was isolated from a l. semifasciata genomic library. subsequent sequence analysis revealed that pla(2) clones encoding group ib" pla(2). comparative ana ... | 2002 | 12119117 |
| effect of laticauda semifasciata (sea snake) venom on chloride transport across the frog skin. | addition of laticauda semifasciata venom to the outside bathing solution of isolated frog skin elicited sustained increases in transepithelial potential difference, short-circuit current and transepithelial electrical resistance. the laticauda semifasciata venom-induced short-circuit is carried by a net active na+ transfer from the outside to the inside bathing solution while the increase in transepithelial resistance is accounted for by a decrease in the outside to inside cl- flux. | 2001 | 11384735 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of cdnas encoding long chain alpha-neurotoxins from sea krait, laticauda semifasciata. | this paper presents the nucleotide sequences of the cdnas encoding two long chain alpha-neurotoxins from laticauda semifasciata venom gland. the deduced amino acid sequences are ls-iii and its iso-neurotoxin. | 1999 | 9920490 |
| the length of a single turn controls the overall folding rate of "three-fingered" snake toxins. | snake curaremimetic toxins are short all-beta proteins, containing several disulfide bonds which largely contribute to their stability. the four disulfides present in snake toxins make a "disulfide beta-cross"-fold that was suggested to be a good protein folding template. previous studies on the refolding of snake toxins (ménez, a. et al. (1980) biochemistry 19, 4166-4172) showed that this set of natural homologous proteins displays different rates of refolding. these studies suggested that the ... | 1998 | 9819199 |
| genomic structures of cardiotoxin 4 and cobrotoxin from naja naja atra (taiwan cobra). | two genomic dnas with the size of 2.3 kb and 2.4 kb, which were isolated from the liver of naja naja atra (taiwan cobra), encoded the precursors of cardiotoxin 4 and cobrotoxin, respectively. both genes shared virtually identical overall organization with three exons separated by two introns, which were inserted in the similar positions of the gene's coding regions. moreover, their nucleotide sequences shared approximately 84.2% identity. this result reveals the evolutionary relationship between ... | 1997 | 9367842 |
| solution structure of lsiii, a long neurotoxin from the venom of laticauda semifasciata. | we report the sequence-specific proton assignments and solution structure of the long neurotoxin lsiii from the venom of laticauda semifasciata determined by two- and three-dimensional 1h nmr. input for structure calculations consisted of 497 noe-derived distance restraints and 45 dihedral angle restraints obtained from j couplings. a two-particle-per-residue representation of protein structure was used to generate 200 initial structures which were then subjected to all-atom refinement by simula ... | 1996 | 8555211 |
| tertiary structure of erabutoxin b in aqueous solution as elucidated by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. | the three-dimensional structure of erabutoxin b, a short-chain neurotoxic peptide purified from the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata, was determined in aqueous solution by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance and simulated annealing-based calculations. on the basis of 883 assigned nuclear overhauser effect (noe) connectivities, 676 final distance constraints were derived and used together with 38 torsion angle (phi, chi 1) constraints, four distance constraints derived ... | 1994 | 8027999 |
| engineering of protein epitopes: a single deletion in a snake toxin generates full binding capacity to a previously unrecognized antibody. | structural features associated with the ability of a monoclonal antibody (mab) to discriminate between protein variants are identified and engineered. the variants are the curaremimetic toxin alpha from naja nigricollis and erabutoxin a or b from laticauda semifasciata, which differ from each other by 16 substitutions and one insertion. the neutralizing mab m alpha 1 recognizes with high affinity a topographical epitope on the surface of toxin alpha, but fails to recognize the erabutoxins althou ... | 1994 | 7526378 |
| dynamics of the active loop of snake toxins as probed by time-resolved polarized tryptophan fluorescence. | the local environment and dynamics of the single tryptophan residue in the respective active loops of cardiotoxin and alpha-neurotoxin from naja nigricollis and of erabutoxin b from laticauda semifasciata have been studied by steady-state and time-resolved polarized fluorescence and analyzed with distributions of decay times. trp11 in loop i of cardiotoxin exhibits a very broad and complex distribution of fluorescence lifetimes at 20 degrees c. despite its relatively external location in the tox ... | 1994 | 8117723 |
| three-dimensional solution structure of a curaremimetic toxin from naja nigricollis venom: a proton nmr and molecular modeling study. | the solution conformation of toxin alpha from naja nigricollis (61 amino acids and four disulfides), a snake toxin which specifically blocks the activity of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (acchor), has been determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling. the solution structures were calculated using 409 distance and 73 dihedral angle restraints. the average atomic rms deviation between the eight refined structures and the mean structure is approximately 0.5 ... | 1992 | 1332755 |
| role and environment of the conserved lys27 of snake curaremimetic toxins as probed by chemical modifications, site-directed mutagenesis and photolabelling experiments. | the positive charge of lys27 was suppressed by chemical means in two short-chain curaremimetic toxins, namely erabutoxin a (ea) from laticauda semifasciata and toxin alpha from naja nigricollis. this modification leads to a decrease in the binding affinity of the toxins for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which range 6-15-fold, as judged from both the data reported here and those previously described in the literature. a negatively charged glutamate residue has been introduced at position ... | 1992 | 1511681 |
| structure of the snake short-chain neurotoxin, erabutoxin c, precursor gene. | a 2.4-kb genomic clone, which encodes the precursor of a snake neurotoxin, erabutoxin c, was isolated from the liver of the sea snake, laticauda semifasciata. the erabutoxin c gene is about 1.2 kb long and consists of three exons and two introns. the first intron is found at the position corresponding to the signal peptide between amino acid residues 18(leu) and 19(gly). the second intron is located at the position corresponding to the central loop of the mature toxin, between amino acid residue ... | 1990 | 2249684 |
| sequence analysis of a cdna encoding a erabutoxin b from the sea-snake laticauda semifasciata. | | 1989 | 2602157 |
| identification of a locality in snake venom alpha-neurotoxins with a significant compositional similarity to marine snail alpha-conotoxins: implications for evolution and structure/activity. | alpha-neurotoxins from elapid snake venoms and alpha-conotoxins from marine snails bind specifically and with high affinity to nicotinic cholinoceptors. although both types of toxin are polypeptides, there is more than a fourfold difference in size between the two and no clear sequence homology is evident. a systematic computer search of the three-dimensional structure of erabutoxin b (an alpha-neurotoxin from the false sea snake laticauda semifasciata) was performed to identify the locality tha ... | 1989 | 2514275 |
| correction of amino acid sequence of phospholipase a2 i from the venom of laticauda semifasciata (erabu sea snake). | the amino acid sequence of phospholipase a2 i from the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata was reinvestigated. the previously reported sequence at positions 70-80 was corrected to asp-cys-ser-thr-glu-glu-pro-asn-cys-ser-thr. the positions of half-cystine residues in the corrected sequence agree with most other phospholipases a2. | 1988 | 3188064 |
| proton nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of phospholipase a2 from laticauda semifasciata. | the molecular properties of phospholipases (plases) a2 i and a2 iii from a sea snake, laticauda semifasciata, have been characterized by gel-filtration, as well as proton nmr, cd, uv absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. plase a2 i exists as a monomer in aqueous solution in the presence or in the absence of ca2+. the dissociation constants of the ca2+-enzyme complexes have been determined for the two enzymes. the 270-mhz proton nmr spectra of plases a2 i and a2 iii have been measur ... | 1987 | 3597353 |
| erabutoxin b. initial protein refinement and sequence analysis at 0.140-nm resolution. | the crystal structure of the protein postsynaptic neurotoxin, erabutoxin b, has been refined at 0.140-nm resolution (r = 0.22) by restrained least-squares and interactive computer graphics. the study has established complete structural identity of the two sea-snake venom toxins, erabutoxin b and neurotoxin b, isolated from laticauda semifasciata snakes taken in different pacific ocean waters. two chemical-sequence inversion errors in erabutoxin b have been discovered during refinement, corrected ... | 1985 | 4076189 |
| molecular conformation of alpha-bungarotoxin as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism. | we have examined the circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a long neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin, over a wide range of ph values and temperatures, and under high salt conditions. the observations are interpreted partly in terms of the known crystal structure of this polypeptide. we support earlier findings of a greater degree of beta-sheet structure in solution than has been reported by x-ray crystallography and, importantly, the invariant residue associated with neurotoxi ... | 1985 | 4020871 |
| correction of the amino acid sequences of erabutoxins from the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata. | the amino acid sequences of erabutoxins a and b were reinvestigated. the previously reported sequences of gln-his at positions 6 and 7, and of pro-ser at positions 18 and 19 of erabutoxins a and b were corrected to his-gln and ser-pro respectively. | 1985 | 3985948 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the cdna encoding a snake neurotoxin precursor. | a recombinant plasmid has been constructed containing a sequence of 186 nucleotides encoding a potent neurotoxin found in the venom of the sea-snake laticauda semifasciata and designated as erabutoxin a. this sequence is flanked, in the upstream region, by a sequence of 60 nucleotides encoding a hydrophobic peptide fragment presumably involved in the secretion process of the neurotoxin. the sequence coding for the toxin ends with a termination codon which is followed by a 3'-untranslated sequenc ... | 1985 | 2860927 |
| isotachophoretic and immunological analysis of venoms from sea snakes (laticauda semifasciata) and brown recluse spiders (loxosceles reclusa) of different morphology, locality, sex, and developmental stages. | sea snake venom: the venom compositions of sea snakes, laticauda semifasciata, with different scale patterns were analyzed by isotachophoresis. the comparison showed quantitative rather than qualitative differences. similarly, l. semifasciata venoms of philippine and japanese origins differed only in the quantity of certain proteins. spider venom: 3. loxosceles reclusa venom apparatus extract is rich in neutral and acidic proteins but contains relatively small quantities of basic proteins. diffe ... | 1984 | 6697691 |
| [1h-nmr study of the naja naja oxiana neurotoxin ii and its spin-labeled derivatives. conformation of "short" neurotoxins]. | in 1h nmr spectra of neurotoxin ii n. n. oxiana the chemical shift ph-dependences in h2o and 2h2o solutions were studied, and also the deuterium exchange rates and chemical shift temperature gradients were measured for the amide protons. the spin probe method was applied to assess the degree of exposure into solvent of the amide and side chain protons. with the purpose of establishing mutual disposition of certain neurotoxin ii groupings, nuclear overhauser effect was studied in the 1h nmr spect ... | 1983 | 6679788 |
| the neurotoxins of the sea snake laticauda schistorhynchus. | erabutoxins a and b, the major neurotoxins in the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata, were detected in the venom of laticauda schistorhynchus. the identity of the toxins was confirmed on the basis of elution position on cm-cellulose column chromatography, disc electrophoretic mobility, amino acid analysis and toxicity measurement. | 1983 | 6615432 |
| amino acid sequences of three phospholipases a i, iii and iv from the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata. | amino acid sequences of three phospholipases a, i, iii and iv, from the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata were elucidated. each protein consisted of a single chain of 118 amino acid residues, including 14 half-cystine residues. they showed high homology among themselves, and with the other snake-venom phospholipases a and with the enzymes from mammalian pancreas. phospholipases a iii and iv were especially similar to each other, with only four differences out of their 118 amino acid ... | 1982 | 7165712 |
| isoelectric points of erabutoxins and monoacyl derivatives of erabutoxin b. estimation of the pk values of amino groups in erabutoxins by using isoelectric-focusing data. | the isoelectric points of erabutoxins a, b and c, neurotoxic proteins of a sea snake, laticauda semifasciata, were determined by density-gradient isoelectric focusing. the same measurement was also made with monoacyl derivatives of erabutoxin b, in which each one of all amino groups had been either acetylated or propionylated. erabutoxins a and b showed the same isoelectric point at ph 9.68. the values for ]1-n alpha-acetyl-arginine]-, [15-n6-acetyl-lysine]-, [27-n6-acetyl-lysine]-, [47-n6-propi ... | 1982 | 7115296 |
| individual assignments of the amide proton resonances involved in the triple-stranded antiparallel pleated beta-sheet structure of a long neurotoxin, laticauda semifasciata iii from laticauda semifasciata. | the characteristic feature of the crystal structure of erabutoxin b, a short neurotoxin from laticauda semifasciata, and alpha-cobratoxin, a long neurotoxin from naja naja siamensis, is the presence of a triple-stranded antiparallel pleated beta-sheet structure formed by the central and the third peptide loops. in the present study, we have studied the assignment of slowly exchangeable amide protons of laticauda semifasciata iii from l. semifasciata, using nuclear overhauser effects (noe) and sp ... | 1982 | 6279398 |
| effect of laticauda semifasciata (sea snake) venom on sodium transport across the frog skin. | | 1982 | 6126309 |
| a proton-magnetic-resonance study on the molecular conformation and structure-function relationship of a long neurotoxin, laticauda semifasciata iii from laticauda semifasciata. | the 300-mhz and 500-mhz nmr spectra of a long neurotoxin laticauda semifasciata iii (ls iii) from laticauda semifasciata have ben analysed. comparison with the nmr spectra of alpha-cobratoxin from naja naja siamensis, a homologous long neurotoxin to laticauda semifasciata iii, allowed the assignment of all the aromatic protein resonances to specific amino acid residues. all the methyl proton resonances have been assigned to specific types of amino acid residues. the ph dependences of the aromati ... | 1981 | 7318828 |
| molecular dynamics of two homologous neurotoxins revealed by 1h-2h exchange: an infrared spectrometry study. | temperature effects on the hydrogen exchange kinetics and the infrared spectra of two homologous snake neurotoxins (laticauda semifasciata erabutoxin b and naja nigricollis toxin alpha) were investigated between 10 and 40 degrees c, at their isoionic ph. (1) erabutoxin b is more accessible to the solvent than toxin alpha. (2) with increasing temperature, both toxin molecules undergo a global transition affecting the most accessible as well as the most buried hydrogens: the overall accessibility ... | 1980 | 7213651 |
| conformation of two homologous neurotoxins. fluorescence and circular dichroism studies. | two homologous short neurotoxins isolated from snake venoms (laticauda semifasciata erabutoxin b and naja nigricollis toxin alpha) have been studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and in aqueous solution at various ph values. in parallel experiments, the stability of toxin conformations was analyzed on the basis of ultraviolet circular dichroism. total luminescence spectra (77 k) were recorded for both toxins in neutral and alkaline solutions. the data obtained indicate that, at neutral p ... | 1980 | 7448163 |
| the acetylation of the amino groups of laticauda semifasciata iii, a sea snake venom component. | the amino groups of laticauda semifasciata iii (lsiii) purified from the venom of a sea snake, laticauda semifasciata, were acetylated with acetic anhydride. three monoacetyl derivatives of lsiii, namely, [1-n2-acetyl-arginine]-lsiii, [23-n6-acetyl-lysine]-lsiii and [35-n6-acetyl-lysine]-lsiii, were obtained. these monoacetyl derivatives of lsiii showed the same cd spectra as that of native lsiii. [1-n2-acetyl-arginine]-lsiii was half as active as the original toxin suggesting the importance of ... | 1980 | 7419526 |
| molecular conformation and function of erabutoxins as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. | the 270-mhz proton nmr spectra of erabutoxins a, b and c from laticauda semifasciata in 2h2o solution were observed together with [15-n6-acetyllysine]erabutoxin b, [27-n6-acetyllysine]-erabutoxin b and [47-n6-acetyllysine]erabutoxin b. the lysine epsilon-methylene proton resonances of erabutoxin b are assigned to individual residues. the epsilon-methylene proton resonance of lys-27 is significantly broad, indicating that the mobility of this residue is restricted. upon acetylation of lys-27 of e ... | 1980 | 6773770 |
| raman spectra of some snake venom components. | the raman spectra of aqueous solutions of cobrotoxin, erabutoxin b (short-chain neurotoxins), alpha-bungarotoxin (a long-chain neurotoxin), cardiotoxin, cytotoxin i (cardiotoxins), 6-carboxyl-modified cobrotoxin and cobrotoxin treated with 5 m guanidine-hcl (denatured neurotoxins) were investigated. the main-chain structure of the toxins was found to consist predominantly of beta-pleated sheets and random-coils. the relative amounts of the beta-conformations were estimated to be in order of: car ... | 1980 | 7378448 |
| role of phospholipase a activity in the neuromuscular paralysis produced by some components isolated from the venom of the seasnake, laticauda semifasciata. | | 1980 | 7368227 |
| phospholipase a of sea snake laticauda semifasciata venom. isolation and properties of novel forms lacking tryptophan. | the venom gland extracts of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata contained at least four forms of phospholipase a separable on a cm-cellulose column. they were designated as phospholipases a i-iv in the order of elution from the column. phospholipases a i, iii, and iv were isolated in a homogeneous state. they were similar to one another in amino acid composition and molecular weight (14,000) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. phospholipase a i contained ... | 1979 | 422537 |
| the 1h nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra of neurotoxin i and cardiotoxin vii4 from naja mossambica mossambica. | two toxins from the venom of naja mossambica mossambica, neurotoxin i and cardiotoxin vii4, were investigated in aqueous solution by high-resolution 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) techniques at 360 mhz. the spectral characterization of the proteins included determination of the number of slowly exchanging amide protons which can be observed in 2h2o solution, measurement of the amide proton chemical shifts and exchange rates, characterization of the aromatic spin systems and the internal mob ... | 1978 | 33043 |
| detection of erabutoxins in the venom of sea snake laticauda semifasciata from the philippines. | | 1978 | 620053 |
| conformational changes in two neurotoxic proteins from snake venoms. | alpha-neurotoxin from naja nigricollis and erabutoxin b from laticauda semifasciata, two homologous neurotoxic proteins, are studied by circular dichroism, ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence in various water/trifluoroethanol mixtures. the data obtained show that the beta structure of alpha-neurotoxin is conserved in water as well as in the organic solvent. by contrast, erabutoxin b changes from the beta-structure in water to the helix type in trifluoroethanol. the latter induces similarly ... | 1976 | 999876 |
| three dimensional structure of erabutoxin b neurotoxic protein: inhibitor of acetylcholine receptor. | the three-dimensional structure of erabutoxin b, a neurotoxin in the venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata, has been determined from a 2.75 a resolution electron density map. erabutoxin b is one of a family of snake venom neurotoxins, all low-molecular-weight proteins, which block neuromuscular transmission at the postsynaptic membrane. they specifically inhibit the acetylcholine receptor. the molecular shape is that of a shallow elongated saucer with a footed stand formed by the six-mem ... | 1976 | 1067597 |
| the primary structure of the toxin laticauda semifasciata iii, a weak and reversibly acting neurotoxin from the venom of a sea snake, laticauda semifasciata. | a weak and reversibly acting neurotoxic protein of laticauda semifasciata venom, laticauda semifasciata iii (component lsiii), was sequenced. component lsiii consists of 66 amino acid residues and has five disulphide bridges, one of which was located between residues 26 and 30. the weak and reversible neurotoxicity of component lsiii is discussed in relation to its structure, which falls between those of the neuro- and cardiotoxins of sea snakes and elapidae snakes isolated and sequenced so far. | 1974 | 4616684 |
| presence of erabutoxins a and b in venom of the sea snake laticauda semifasciata from taiwan. | | 1973 | 4751115 |
| erabutoxins a, b and c in sea snake laticauda semifasciata venom. | | 1973 | 4725563 |
| the isolation, properties and amino acid sequence of erabutoxin c, a minor neurotoxic component of the venom of a sea snake katicauda semifasciata. | erabutoxin c, a minor neurotoxic component of the venom of a sea snake laticauda semifasciata, was isolated in pure form by repeated column chromatography on cm-cellulose columns. the toxin was crystallizable and monodisperse in rechromatography, disc electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (isoelectric point, ph9.23-9.25). the molecular weight of the toxin, as estimated by gel filtration, was 7000. the toxin showed the same lethal activity to mice (0.13mug/g body wt., intramuscular injection) ... | 1972 | 4664580 |
| contents of toxic components in laticauda semifasciata venom. | | 1972 | 4512913 |
| the disulphide bonds of erabutoxin a, a neurotoxic protein of a sea-snake (laticauda semifasciata) venom. | erabutoxin a was partially hydrolysed with enzymes and sulphuric acid and the resulting peptides were separated from each other by column chromatography and paper electrophoresis. from the results of amino acid analyses of the sulphur-containing peptides and their oxidized components, all four disulphide bridges in the toxin molecule were located. the disulphide bonds were found between half-cystine residues at positions 3 and 24, 17 and 41, 43 and 54, and 55 and 60 from the n-terminus. | 1971 | 5166329 |
| isolation and characterization of phospholipase a from sea snake, laticauda semifasciata venom. | | 1970 | 5460187 |
| studies on the parasites of oriental reptiles. i. parasitology of the seasnake, laticauda semifasciata, in the vicinity of amami island, japan. | | 1967 | 5300815 |
| [studies on habu snake and erabu sea snake venoms outlines of biological toxicities of the two snake venoms, and inhibitory actions of tannic acid on them]. | | 1965 | 5889814 |
| [on ophidin in the muscles of the sea snakes laticauda semifasciata and laticuadata]. | | 1964 | 14244065 |
| population history and genomic admixture of sea snakes of the genus laticauda in the west pacific. | speciation in the open ocean has long been studied, but it remains largely elusive what factors promote or inhibit speciation in such an open environment. marine amniotes, which evolved from terrestrial ancestors, provide valuable opportunities for studying speciation in the ocean because of their evident aquatic origins. sea snakes are phylogenetically related to terrestrial elapid snakes and consist of two monophyletic groups (hydrophiini and laticaudini). these two groups migrated from land t ... | 2020 | 33160037 |
| correction to: development of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the black-banded sea krait, laticauda semifasciata (elapidae: laticaudinae), and cross-species amplification for two other congeneric species. | unfortunately, one of the co-author's family name has been incorrectly published in the original online publication. the correct family name should be tsai. | 2018 | 29934805 |
| development of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the black-banded sea krait, laticauda semifasciata (elapidae: laticaudinae), and cross-species amplification for two other congeneric species. | the genus laticauda (reptilia: elapidae), commonly known as sea kraits, is venomous marine amphibious snakes distributed throughout the south and southeast asian islands and mostly found in coastal waters. to facilitate genetic studies, we have developed microsatellite loci for l. semifasciata using the 454 gs-flx pyrosequencing technique. a total of 65,680 sequences containing a minimum of five repeat motifs were identified from 451,659 reads. among 80 loci containing more than nine repeat unit ... | 2018 | 29892836 |