| comparative cardiovascular and respiratory effects of bungarus fasciatus and naja naja siamensis venoms in dogs. | | 1978 | 26508 |
| a study of cardiotoxic principles from the venom of bungarus fasciatus (schneider). | | 1975 | 167474 |
| effect of five thai snake venoms on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. | the effects of five thai snake venoms--malayan pit viper--mpv (ancistrodon rhodostoma); russell's viper--rvv (vipera russelli); cobra--cv (naja naja); king cobra--kcv (naja hannah) and banded krait--bkv (bungarus fasciatus)--on blood coagulation fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation were studied. mpv has strong thrombin-like coagulant action. rvv has activating effect most probably on factor x. other three venoms--cv, kcv and bkv have been shown to be anti coagulant, on both intrinsic and extrin ... | 1979 | 524153 |
| chemical properties and amino acid composition of beta1-bungarotoxin from the venom of bungarus multicinctus (formosan banded krait). | beta-bungarotoxin purified from the venom of bungarus multicinctus (formosan banded krait) contained no carbohydrate and behaved as a homogeneous protein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at ph 4.1 and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. its molecular weight and isoelectric point were estimated to be about 21,000 by gel filtration and about 9.5 by isoelectric focusing, respectively. the toxin treated with the reducing agent was split into two polypepti ... | 1978 | 624712 |
| a study of cardiotoxic principles from the venom of bungarus fasciatus (schneider). | | 1975 | 1052572 |
| some actions of purified toxins from bungarus fasciatus venom on isolated pig-heart mitochondria. | i. in the presence of succinate as an oxidation substrate, neurotoxins alpha, beta and gamma induce the following. firstly, an increasing stimulation of oxygen uptake, which in potentiated by 25 mum ca2+, mg2+ 1.3 mm completely inhibits the effect of toxin alpha but not of toxins beta and gamma. secondly, a depletion of the mg2+, ca2+ and k+ content of the water-soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial compartments, following complex kinetics, which suggest a multistep interaction mechanism of t ... | 1975 | 1204654 |
| molecular genetics of sex determination in channel catfish: studies on sry, zfy, bkm, and human telomeric repeats. | in amniotes, the banded krait minor (bkm) minisatellite (gata), the human telometric sequence (ttaggg)7, and the y-specific genes, zfy and sry, are associated with a particular sex. these sequences were studied in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. however, none was sex-specific in catfish; homologs of each were present in males and females. our data suggest that components of mammalian sex-determining systems may be widespread and shared among the vertebrates in general. whether those co ... | 1992 | 1391325 |
| bkm satellite dna and zfy in the coral reef fish anthias squamipinnis. | we studied dna from the protogynous sex-changing fish anthias squamipinnis to evaluate the recent observation that male-specific bands are identified after hybridization with bkm, a probe originating in the w chromosome of the snake bungarus fasciatus. sex-specific hybridization would imply modification of dna structure during the sex-changing process. no sex-specific bkm fragments were identified in our study, after digestion of dna from 15 males and 11 adult females, despite the use of 12 diff ... | 1991 | 1664406 |
| synthesis and properties of photoaffinity labels for the pyridine dinucleotide binding site of nad glycohydrolase. | two new photoactive analogues of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) which are resistant to cleavage by nad glycohydrolase were synthesized and characterized. the beta-d-ribonucleotide ring of the nicotinamide riboside moiety of nad+ was replaced with a 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane ring forming a carbocyclic dinucleotide analogue. photoreactivity was achieved by the incorporation of an azido group at the 8-position of the adenosyl ring. the previously published synthesis of carbocycli ... | 1991 | 1848099 |
| sex-specific dna in reptiles with temperature sex determination. | banded krait minor ("bkm") satellite dna, originating in the w-chromosome of the snake bungarus fasciatus, has been found in the genome of diverse eukaryotic species including fruit fly, quail, and horse. concentrations of bkm have been found in the presumptive w-chromosome of snakes with isomorphic sex chromosomes and in the male-determining region of the y-chromosome in mouse and man. we therefore asked whether bkm-related dna might be present in quantitative excess in dna from males or female ... | 1990 | 2156951 |
| interaction with chick myotube cholinergic receptors of an alpha-neurotoxin isolated from venom of the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus). | a postsynaptic acting short chain alpha-toxin, b.f. iii, was isolated from venom of the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus) using ion-exchange chromatography. the toxin, a basic protein (pi = 10) has an apparent molecular weight of 6,500 as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it shares immunological determinants with alpha-bungarotoxin, as it cross-reacted with antibodies raised in rabbits against alpha-bungarotoxin. b.f. iii inhibits binding of 125i-alpha-bungarotoxin to culture ... | 1986 | 2430347 |
| inhibition of nad glycohydrolase and adp-ribosyl transferases by carbocyclic analogues of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | analogues of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) in which a 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane ring replaces the beta-d-ribonucleotide ring of the nicotinamide riboside moiety of nad+ have recently been synthesized [slama, j. t., & simmons, a. m. (1988) biochemistry 27, 183]. carbocyclic nad+ analogues have been shown to inhibit nad glycohydrolases and adp-ribosyl transferases such as cholera toxin a subunit. in this study, the diastereomeric mixture of dinucleotides was separated, and the ... | 1989 | 2532931 |
| effect of a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like properties, from bungarus fasciatus snake venom, on calcium-modulated potassium currents. | the action of a 16,300 mol. wt phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like properties from bungarus fasciatus venom on membrane electrical properties of two human cell types was examined in vitro by using tight-seal whole-cell recording methods. epithelial cells exhibited a voltage- and ca2(+)-activated k+ current; the sensitivity for voltage activation of the k+ current was enhanced by increasing free ca2+ in the recording pipette from 10(-8) m to 2 x 10(-6) m. in contrast, peripheral blood lymphocy ... | 1989 | 2629176 |
| factors influencing the hemolysis of human erythrocytes by cardiotoxins from naja naja kaouthia and naja naja atra venoms and a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like activities from bungarus fasciatus venom. | the effects of red blood cell age and incubation conditions (temperature, divalent cation type and concentration, ph and glucose) on hemolysis induced by cardiotoxin fractions from naja naja atra and naja naja kaouthia venoms, a phospholipase a2 with cardiotoxin-like activities from bungarus fasciatus venom and bee venom phospholipase a2 were examined. hemolysis by the snake venom toxins was dependent on red blood cell age (aged more susceptible than fresh) and the temperature of incubation (37 ... | 1989 | 2718193 |
| carbanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: synthesis and enzymological properties of a carbocyclic analogue of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | the dinucleotide carbanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (carba-nad), in which a 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane ring replaces the beta-d-ribonucleotide ring of the nicotinamide ribonucleoside moiety of nad, has been synthesized and characterized enzymologically. the synthesis begins with the known 1-aminoribose analogue (+/-)-4 beta-amino-2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxy-1 beta-cyclopentanemethanol. the pyridinium ring is first introduced and the resultant nucleoside analogue specifically 5'-phosphorylated. ... | 1988 | 2831953 |
| [chromatography of bungarus fasciatus venom and preliminary studies of its neurotoxin--fraction ix]. | | 1986 | 3024451 |
| conserved repetitive dna sequences (bkm) in normal equine males and sex-reversed females detected by in situ hybridization. | in situ hybridization with a cloned banded krait sex-specific repetitive dna probe (bkm) indicates a high concentration of bkm sequences on the horse y chromosome in both normal xy males and xy sex-reversed females. lesser, but still significant, concentrations of bkm sequences were mapped to horse chromosomes 3, 4, and 30. | 1988 | 3197456 |
| antigenic relationships and relative immunogenicities of venom proteins from six poisonous snakes of thailand. | venoms from naja naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus, vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma and trimeresurus albolabris have been studied by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the immunoblots were stained with rabbit homologous and heterologous antibodies. in general, the higher the mol. wt the protein the higher the immunogenicity although two proteins with mol. wts of 23,000 and 25,000 from o. hannah venom are extraordin ... | 1988 | 3201490 |
| neurotoxins from agkistrodon halys (pallas) and bungarus fasciatus venom. | | 1987 | 3432290 |
| is human x chromosome inactivation a sex-determining device? | the evolutionary function of x chromosome inactivation is thought to be dosage compensation. however, there is, at present, little evidence to suggest that most x chromosome-linked genes require such compensation. another view--that x chromosome inactivation may be related to sex determination--is examined here. consider a hypothetical dna sequence regulating a major structural gene concerned with the determination of maleness. if this regulatory sequence occurs in both x and y chromosomes and i ... | 1985 | 3863136 |
| elisa confirmation of acute and past envenoming by the monocellate thai cobra (naja kaouthia). | the monocellate thai cobra (naja kaouthia) is a major cause of snake bite mortality and morbidity throughout thailand, but neither the local nor the systemic effects of its venom are diagnostic. species diagnosis is important because only monospecific antivenoms are available for treatment in thailand. we tested the ability of the elisa technique to detect venom antigen in the sera of 58 acute snake bite cases including 4 fatalities, and venom antibody in 51 patients bitten between 1 month and 1 ... | 1986 | 3946735 |
| kappa-bungarotoxin: complete amino acid sequence of a neuronal nicotinic receptor probe. | the complete amino acid sequence of kappa-bungarotoxin, a neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the banded krait bungarus multicinctus, has been determined by automated edman analyses of the intact protein and peptides derived from digests with trypsin and chymotrypsin. kappa-bungarotoxin consists of a single polypeptide chain of 66 amino acids with a molecular weight of 7313. it contains 10 cysteinyl residues, presumably arranged in 5 disulfide bonds, and is completely devoid of methionine and ... | 1985 | 3986193 |
| acetylcholinesterase from a non-membrane source (bungarus fasciatus venom). | | 1973 | 4205584 |
| [bungarus fasciatus venom and neuromuscular transmission. study by the method of calcium cholinergic response on the mouse diaphragm]. | | 1973 | 4206006 |
| isolation of cardiotoxic and neurotoxic principles from the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | | 1972 | 4512911 |
| [comparison of the effect of cardiotoxin-like principles from venom of bungarus fasciatus on excitable tissues]. | | 1984 | 6232814 |
| regional localization of sex-specific bkm-related sequences on proximal chromosome 17 of mice. | development and fertility in the mouse are known to be influenced by loci mapped to the t/t complex of chromosome 17. recent evidence suggests that one or more genes near this region may also be associated with sex determination. washburn and eicher recently reported partial to complete sex reversal with the thp deletion on some genetic backgrounds and suggest that this result may be due to a primary sex-determining locus (tas) that is closely linked to, or a part of, the t locus. sex-specific, ... | 1984 | 6462245 |
| [separation of bungarus fasciatus venom and preliminary pharmacological studies of its toxic components]. | | 1983 | 6613599 |
| complete amino acid sequences of two protease inhibitors in the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | two analogous protease inhibitors, viiib and ix in the venom of bungarus fasciatus were reduced and carboxymethylated. tryptic peptides were separated by cellulose thin-layer peptide mapping technique, and amino acid sequences were analyzed by dabitc/pitc double coupling method. alignment of all tryptic peptides was established by analyses of chymotryptic peptides and further confirmed by staphylococcus aureus v8 protease digestion. ix consisted of 65 amino acid residues. viiib consisted of 62 r ... | 1983 | 6832893 |
| purification and pharmacological characterization of a cardiotoxin-like protein from formosan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom. | by ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration, a polypeptide toxin was purified from formosan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom. the toxin had a molecular weight of 7000 +/- 300 and showed an amino acid composition characteristic of cardiotoxin from cobra venom. the i.p. ld50 value of the toxin was 2.5 (1.9-3.2) mg per kg mouse. pharmacological studies showed that the toxin (10 micrograms/ml) induced contracture in chick and mouse skeletal muscles, depolarized the cell membr ... | 1982 | 7135415 |
| specific inhibition of poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase by adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol. | adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol (adp-hpd), an nh analog of adp-ribose, was chemically synthesized and shown to be a potent and specific inhibitor of poly-(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase. the synthetic starting material was the protected pyrrolidine, (2r,3r,4s)-1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol 3,4-o-isopropylidene acetal. this starting pyrrolidine was phosphorylated, coupled to adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and deprotected, yielding the title inhibitor ad ... | 1995 | 7830282 |
| sex- and tissue-specific bkm(gata)-binding protein in the germ cells of heterogametic sex. | the zz male/zw female system of sex determination (female heterogamety) is found in snakes and birds whereas xy male/xx female system of sex determination (male heterogamety) operates in mammals including humans. the w and y chromosomes are largely heterochromatic and undergo cycles of condensation and decondensation in the germ cells of ovary and testis, respectively, whereas they remain highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive in all somatic cells. both chromosomes have enriched stretch ... | 1994 | 7929225 |
| banded krait minor-satellite (bkm)-associated y chromosome-specific repetitive dna in mouse. | the mouse y chromosome remains highly condensed in all somatic tissues but decondenses extensively in testis. we have isolated a mouse y chromosome-specific repeat m34 (11.5 kb) and shown that this is distributed along the y chromosome except the sex-determining region (the y short arm) in which gata repeats are predominantly concentrated. it has 32 copies of gata repeats in a 2.7 kb fragment. about 200-300 copies of m34 on the y chromosome are interspersed among other sequences. a 1.2 kb fragme ... | 1994 | 8036156 |
| 3,4-diaminopyridine reverses respiratory paralysis induced by a presynaptically active snake venom and its major neurotoxin. | presynaptically active snake venom neurotoxins induce a potentially fatal neuromuscular blockade which cannot be reliably overcome by current therapy. the drug 3,4-diaminopyridine (dap) is effective in other presynaptic paralytic conditions and was therefore tried in anaesthetized rabbits with respiratory paralysis induced by krait (bungarus fasciatus) venom. a strain gauge pneumograph measured rabbit chest circumference during the respiratory cycle to document objectively effects of toxins and ... | 1994 | 8036689 |
| a comparative study of three vehicles on antibody responses against elapid snake neurotoxin immunogens. | a study was undertaken to compare the effects of three vehicles (incomplete freund's adjuvant, ifa; bentonite and squalene/arlacel a) on the antibody responses to various elapid neurotoxin immunogens. three neurotoxin immunogens were prepared using purified principal postsynaptic neurotoxin(s) of naja naja siamensis (nns), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bungarus fasciatus (bf). glutaraldehyde (ga) or a carbodiimide (ecdi) was used as a coupling agent while diphtheria toxoid (dt) was used as a prote ... | 1994 | 8079368 |
| snakebites at maharat nakhon ratchasima regional hospital. | one hundred and ninety-nine victims of snakebite hospitalized at maharat nakhon ratchasima hospital between 1898 and 1991 were studied. the male:female ratio was 1.9:1 and their mean age (+/- sd) was 30.0 +/- 18.6 years. the most common of victims were farmers and laborers. dead snakes were identified as follows: 72 were trimeresurus sp. (36.2%), 36 were naja kaouthia (17.6%), 4 were bungarus fasciatus (2.0%), 1 were colloselasma rhodostoma (0.5%) and 1 was vipera russelli (0.5%). no death was n ... | 1993 | 8362295 |
| evenoming by bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) in hong kong. | we describe the clinical course of two cases of envenoming by the many-banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). a man developed generalized paralysis and respiratory failure with transient hypertension. nerve conduction studies revealed normal motor and sensory conduction velocities with reduced motor unit action potential amplitudes consistent with neuromuscular blockade. he showed a slight transient response to the banded krait (b. fasciatus) antivenom but required ventilatory support for 8 days. ... | 1995 | 8544231 |
| biological significance of minisatellites. | minisatellites are tandemly repeated, highly variable dna sequences found in most higher eukaryotes. these contain a core sequence resembling the chi sequence of escherichia coli, which is a binding site for recombination proteins. based on this, a generalized function of minisatellites to provide binding sites for recombination proteins in eukaryotes has also been suggested. however, recent discoveries of trinucleotide repeat expansion mutations associated with at least four human genetic disea ... | 1995 | 8582339 |
| cloning and expression of acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus venom. a new type of cooh-terminal domain; involvement of a positively charged residue in the peripheral site. | as deduced from cdna clones, the catalytic domain of bungarus fasciatus venom acetylcholinesterase (ache) is highly homologous to those of other aches. it is, however, associated with a short hydrophilic carboxyl-terminal region, containing no cysteine, that bears no resemblance to the alternative cooh-terminal peptides of the gpi-anchored molecules (h) or of other homomeric or heteromeric tailed molecules (t). expression of complete and truncated ache in cos cells showed that active hydrophilic ... | 1996 | 8662867 |
| expression of taiwan banded krait phospholipase a2 in escherichia coli, a fully active enzyme generated by hydrolyzing with aminopeptidase. | a cdna encoding bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) phospholipase a2 was expressed in escherichia coli. the expressed pla2 contained a met residue fused to the n-terminus of pla2. the expressed protein was isolated from inclusion bodies of e. coli and subjected to refolding into its folded structure. then the n-terminus met residue of recombinant pla2 was cleaved with aminopeptidase. the resulting recombinant pla2 had the same amino acid composition and n-terminal sequence of native pla2 ... | 1996 | 8780722 |
| detection and purification of sequence-specific dna binding protein. | a simple assay for identifying dna-binding proteins is described that involves loading of protein fractions onto nitrocellulose membrane using a slot-blot apparatus, incubating with 32p-labeled dna probe in buffer in the presence of excess of nonspecific e. coli dna at room temperature, and washing with increasing concentration of nacl (from 50 to 500 mm) to obtain optimum signal. a simple and rapid scheme of purification of a sex and tissue-specific dna-binding protein, which binds specifically ... | 1996 | 8921160 |
| identification of a novel type of alternatively spliced exon from the acetylcholinesterase gene of bungarus fasciatus. molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the snake liver and muscle. | the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus contains a hydrophilic, monomeric species of acetylcholinesterase (ache), characterized by a c-terminal region that does not resemble the alternative t- or h-peptides. here, we show that the snake contains a single gene for ache, possessing a novel alternative exon (s) that encodes the c-terminal region of the venom enzyme, located downstream of the t exon. alternative splicing generates s mrna in the venom gland and s and t mrnas in muscle and liver. we ... | 1998 | 9545320 |
| differentially expressed snornas in bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | twenty novel snornas forming extensive sequence complementarities to mature 5s rrna were identified from bungarus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. it was found that the snorna species were differentially transcribed in different tissues as evidenced by single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and direct nucleotide sequence analysis. although the diversity in the sequences of snornas is observed, comparison of these snorna genes reveals that the regions ... | 1998 | 9571162 |
| venomous snakebite in thailand. i: medically important snakes. | thailand has an abundance of venomous snakes. among the neurotoxic family elapidae, there are three species of the genus naja (cobras), three of the genus bungarus (kraits), and the king cobra of the genus ophiophagus. other elapidae snakes in thailand include sea snakes and asian coral snakes of the genus calliophis. they have potent venoms but rarely bite humans. tissue and hemotoxic snakes are represented by family viperidae, subfamilies viperinae and crotalinae. they remain an occupational h ... | 1998 | 9597848 |
| external and internal electrostatic potentials of cholinesterase models. | the electrostatic potentials for the three-dimensional structures of cholinesterases from various species were calculated, using the delphi algorithm, on the basis of the poisson-boltzmann equation. we used structures for torpedo californica and mouse acetylcholinesterase, and built homology models of the human, bungarus fasciatus, and drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterases and human butyrylcholinesterase. all these structures reveal a negative external surface potential, in the area arou ... | 1997 | 9640563 |
| cloning and functional expression of b chains of beta-bungarotoxins from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | the cdna species encoding the b chains (b1 and b2) of beta-bungarotoxins (beta-bgt) were constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). the deduced amino acid sequences of the b chains were different from those determined previously by a protein sequencing technique. one additional arg residue is inserted between val-19 and arg-20 of the b1 chain. similarly the insertion of one additional val residue between val-19 and arg-20 of t ... | 1998 | 9693106 |
| development of reversed passive latex agglutination for detection of thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom. | a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic kit for detecting thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom was developed using latex particles sensitized with venom specific immunoglobulin. the kit is capable of detecting 25-50 ng/ml of thai cobra venom. the capability was not affected by human plasma. specificity of the kit was proven using snake venoms from vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma, trimeresurus albolabris, naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, and bungarus fasciatus. the diagnostic kit does n ... | 1999 | 10410332 |
| what does beta-bungarotoxin do at the neuromuscular junction? | beta-bungarotoxin from the taiwan banded krait, bungarus multicinctus is a basic protein (pi=9.5), with a molecular weight of 21,800 consisting of two different polypeptide subunits. a phospholipase a(2) subunit named the a-chain and a non-phospholipase a(2) subunit named the b-chain, which is homologous to kunitz protease inhibitors. the a-chain and the b-chain are covalently linked by one disulphide bridge. on mouse hemi-diaphragm nerve-muscle preparations, partially paralysed by lowering the ... | 2001 | 10936627 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction to distinguish monocellate cobra (naja khouthia) bites from other common thai snake species, using both venom extracts and bite-site swabs. | a pcr technique was used in this study to identify and distinguish monocellate cobra snake bites using snake venoms and swab specimens from snake bite-sites in mice from bites by other common thai snakes. the sequences of nucleotide primers were selected for the cobrotoxin-encoding gene from the chinese cobra (naja atra) since the sequences of monocellate cobra (naja kaouthia) venom are still unknown. however, the 113-bp fragment of cdna of the cobrotoxin-encoding gene was detected in the monoce ... | 2001 | 11223099 |
| production of potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapid venoms using a low dose, low volume, multi-site immunization protocol. | the purpose of this study was to prepare a potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapids namely, the thai cobra (naja kaouthia, nk), the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah, oh) and the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus, bf). two groups of horses were immunized. group 1, comprising five horses, was immunized twice with a mixture of postsynaptic neurotoxins followed by an additional six immunizations with a mixture of crude venoms of the three elapids. group 2, comprising four horses, was immunized ... | 2001 | 11478956 |
| solution structure of a kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor isolated from the elapid snake bungarus fasciatus. | bungarus fasciatus fraction ix (bf9), a chymotrypsin inhibitor, consists of 65 amino acid residues with three disulfide bridges. it was isolated from the snake venom of b. fasciatus by ion-exchange chromatography and belongs to the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti)-like superfamily. it showed a dissociation constant of 5.8 x 10(-8) m with alpha-chymotrypsin as measured by a biacore binding assay system. the isothermal titration calorimetry revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between th ... | 2001 | 11562364 |
| beta-bungarotoxin is a potent inducer of apoptosis in cultured rat neurons by receptor-mediated internalization. | the neurotoxic phospholipase a(2), beta-bungarotoxin (beta-butx), is a component of the snake venom from the taiwanese banded krait bungarus multicinctus. beta-butx affects presynaptic nerve terminal function of the neuromuscular junction and induces widespread neuronal cell death throughout the mammalian and avian cns. to analyse the initial events of beta-butx-mediated cell death, the toxin was applied to cultured rat hippocampal neurons where it induced neuronal cell death in a concentration- ... | 2001 | 11576186 |
| expression of a chain and b chain of beta-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait: the functional implication of the interchain disulfide bond between a chain and b chain. | beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt), the main presynaptic neurotoxin purified from the venom of bungarus multicinctus, consists of two dissimilar polypeptide chains, the a chain and b chain, cross-linked by an interchain disulfide bond. the a and b chain cdnas were subcloned into expression vectors pt7-7 and pet20b(+), respectively, and transformed into escherichia coli strain bl21(de3). the expressed protein was isolated from the inclusion bodies of e. coli and subjected to refolding into its folded s ... | 2001 | 11732693 |
| substrate activation in acetylcholinesterase induced by low ph or mutation in the pi-cation subsite. | substrate inhibition is considered a defining property of acetylcholinesterase (ache), whereas substrate activation is characteristic of butyrylcholinesterase (buche). to understand the mechanism of substrate inhibition, the ph dependence of acetylthiocholine hydrolysis by ache was studied between ph 5 and 8. wild-type human ache and its mutants y337g and y337w, as well as wild-type bungarus fasciatus ache and its mutants y333g, y333a and y333w were studied. the ph profile results were unexpecte ... | 2002 | 11904227 |
| characterization and gene organization of taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) gamma-bungarotoxin. | gamma-bungarotoxin was isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom using a combination of chromatography on a sp-sephadex c-25 column and a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column. circular dichroism (cd) measurement revealed that its secondary structure was dominant with beta-sheet structure as is that of snake venom alpha-neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. gamma-bungarotoxin exhibits activity on inhibiting the binding of [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate to the m2 ... | 2002 | 12168693 |
| a pilot experiment for production of malayan krait antivenom: immunization of rabbits with bungarus candidus venom. | immunization with bungarus candidus venom was performed in four rabbits at high dose (initial dose, 75 microg/kg) and low dose (initial dose, 50 microg/kg). each dose group consisted of two rabbits; one rabbit received the venom subcutaneously (s.c.) and the other intradermally (i.d.). the venom was injected as emulsified solutions with the same volume of freund's complete adjuvant until the 4th immunization, thereafter as plain solutions. by stepwise increments of the immunizing dose, the highe ... | 2002 | 12503879 |
| genome-wide analysis of bkm sequences (gata repeats): predominant association with sex chromosomes and potential role in higher order chromatin organization and function. | motivation: bkm (banded krait minor) satellite dna sequences (gata repeats) have been shown to be associated with the sex determining chromosomes of various eukaryotes and have been implicated in the evolution and differentiation of sex chromosomes in snakes. the objective of the study is to analyze the gata repeats of human genome specifically, the y-chromosome, and other model organisms to understand the possible function and potential role in higher order chromatin organization. results: our ... | 2003 | 12691979 |
| alteration of mitochondrial function by bungarus fasciatus venom. | | 1965 | 14311629 |
| induction by beta-bungarotoxin of apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons is mediated by ca(2+)-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species. | the component of the venom of the taiwanese banded krait bungarus multicinctus, beta-bungarotoxin (beta-butx), acts as an extremely potent inducer of neuronal apoptosis when applied to rat hippocampal cultures. while induction of cell death is dependent on toxin binding to voltage-activated k+ channels and subsequent internalization, the pro-apoptotic signals triggered by picomolar concentrations of beta-butx are not understood. following toxin binding, a dramatic increase in intracellular ca2+ ... | 2003 | 14535943 |
| novel neurotoxins from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom: purification, characterization and gene organization. | two novel neurotoxins bm10-1 and bm10-2 were isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom using the combinations of chromatography on a sp-sephadex c-25 column and a reverse phase hplc column. bm10-1 contained 66 amino acid residues including 10 cys residues, while bm10-2 consisted of 65 amino acid residues with 8 cys residues. the secondary structure of both bm10-1 and bm10-2 was dominated with beta-sheet, but their gross conformation differed as evidenced by cd spectra and a ... | 2003 | 14559085 |
| lys-64 of the a chain is involved in the enzymatic activity and neurotoxic effect of beta-bungarotoxin. | two beta-bungarotoxin isotoxins bm12 and bm13 were isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom by sequential chromatography on ion-exchange and reverse phase columns. the two toxins have the same a chain, but different b chains. different phospholipase a2 activity and different potencies in inhibiting the spontaneous enhancement of spontaneous synaptic current frequency and muscle contraction were observed for bm12 and bm13. nevertheless, modification of lys-64 in the a chain ... | 2005 | 15626367 |
| immunochemical and biochemical comparisons of equine monovalent and polyvalent snake antivenoms. | although the merit of polyvalent antivenoms is well-recognized, there is still doubt in some medical circles as to the relative efficacy and the propensity to cause adverse reactions of polyvalent (pav) as compared to monovalent (mav) antivenoms. immunochemical and biochemical comparisons of equine polyvalent and monovalent antivenoms prepared under the same immunization protocols were therefore made. these antivenoms were prepared against naja kaouthia (nk), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bungarus ... | 2005 | 15683876 |
| contribution of a snake venom toxin to myasthenia gravis: the discovery of alpha-bungarotoxin in taiwan. | myasthenia gravis (mg) is now recognized as an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies to acetylcholine (ach) receptor lead to impairment of neuromuscular transmission. the discovery of alpha-bungarotoxin by chang and lee in 1963 has played a crucial role in establishing the new concept of mg. however, isolation of bungarotoxins from the venom of taiwan banded krait, bungarus multicinctus, was accomplished in the poorly funded and under equipped laboratory of the department of pharmacology, nati ... | 2005 | 16019658 |
| kchip3: a binding protein for taiwan banded krait beta-bungarotoxin. | using b1 chain of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt) as bait in yeast two-hybrid screen, we found that kchip3 was a binding protein of b1 chain. thus, protein-protein interaction between beta-bgt and kchip3 is investigated in the present study. pull-down assay showed that recombinant kchip3 proteins were associated with beta-bgt as well as b1 chain, whereas the inability of kchips 1, 2 and 4 to bind with beta-bgt was observed. although ca2+ was not a crucial factor essential for the binding of kchip3 ... | 2006 | 16356520 |
| mutant of bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase with low affinity and low hydrolase activity toward organophosphorus esters. | enzymes hydrolysing highly toxic organophosphate esters (ops) are promising alternatives to pharmacological countermeasures against ops poisoning. bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase (bfache) was engineered to acquire organophosphate hydrolase (opase) activity by reproducing the features of the human butyrylcholinesterase g117h mutant, the first mutant designed to hydrolyse ops. the modification consisted of a triple mutation on the (122)gfys(125) peptide segment, resulting in (122)hfqt(125) ... | 2006 | 16962835 |
| sequences, geographic variations and molecular phylogeny of venom phospholipases and threefinger toxins of eastern india bungarus fasciatus and kinetic analyses of its pro31 phospholipases a2. | eight phospholipases a2 (plas) and four three-finger-toxins (3ftx) from the pooled venom of bungarus fasciatus (bf) were previously studied and sequenced, but their expression pattern in individual bf venom and possible geographic variations remained to be investigated. we herein analyze the individual venom of two bf specimens from kolkata (designated as kbf) to address this question. seven plas and five 3ftx were purified from the kbf venoms, and respective cdnas were cloned from venom glands ... | 2007 | 17166178 |
| isolation and cloning of a metalloproteinase from king cobra snake venom. | a 50 kda fibrinogenolytic protease, ohagin, from the venom of ophiophagus hannah was isolated by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange and heparin affinity chromatography. ohagin specifically degraded the alpha-chain of human fibrinogen and the proteolytic activity was completely abolished by edta, but not by pmsf, suggesting it is a metalloproteinase. it dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp, tmva and stejnulxin. the full sequence of ohagin was deduced by cdna c ... | 2007 | 17337026 |
| a bactericidal homodimeric phospholipases a2 from bungarus fasciatus venom. | group iia secretory phospholipases a(2) (spla(2)-ii) is generally known to display potent gram-positive bactericidal activity, while group ia spla(2) (spla(2)-i) reportedly is not. in this work, a novel spla(2)-i named bfpa was identified from bungarus fasciatus venom, and its antimicrobial activity was studied as well. the amino acid sequence of the venomous protein precursor was 145-amino acid in length, and contained a predicted 27-amino acid signal peptide and a 118-amino acid mature protein ... | 2007 | 17383773 |
| new and already known acanthocephalans from amphibians and reptiles in vietnam, with keys to species of pseudoacanthocephalus petrochenko, 1956 (echinorhynchidae) and sphaerechinorhynchus johnston and deland, 1929 (plagiorhynchidae). | adults of 2 new species in 2 orders of acanthocephalans obtained from the intestines of terrestrial amphibians and reptiles collected between 1998 and 2004 in vietnam are described here. pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae n. sp. (palaeacnthocephala: echinorhynchidae) was collected from 5 species of terrestrial amphibians: (1) the common sunda toad bufo melanostictus schneider (bufonidae); (2) paa verucospinosa (bourret); (3) gunther's amoy frog rana guentheri boulenger; (4) taipei frog r. taipe ... | 2008 | 18372639 |
| the development of igy(deltafc) antibody based neuro toxin antivenoms and the study on their neutralization efficacies. | immunotherapy for treatment of snake bites has been based on mammalian igg. recently, polyvalent ovine fab has become available. however, papain, used in the fab fragmentation process, is a human allergen. avian eggs are a source of antibodies and a truncated version of igy, igy(deltafc), is found in ducks. in this study, we induced duck antibodies by using detoxified cobra and krait venoms and then purified igy(deltafc) antibodies from the hyperimmune duck egg yolk. | 2008 | 18584367 |
| identification and characterization of novel reptile cathelicidins from elapid snakes. | three cdna sequences coding for elapid cathelicidins were cloned from constructed venom gland cdna libraries of naja atra, bungarus fasciatus and ophiophagus hannah. the open reading frames of the cloned elapid cathelicidins were all composed of 576bp and coded for 191 amino acid residue protein precursors. each of the deduced elapid cathelicidin has a 22 amino acid residue signal peptide, a conserved cathelin domain of 135 amino acid residues and a mature antimicrobial peptide of 34 amino acid ... | 2008 | 18620012 |
| snake cathelicidin from bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotics. | cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules of innate immunity, which are firstly found in mammalians. recently, several cathelicidins have also been found from chickens and fishes. no cathelicidins from other non-mammalian vertebrates have been reported. | 2008 | 18795096 |
| purification, characterization and biological activities of the l-amino acid oxidase from bungarus fasciatus snake venom. | l-amino acid oxidases (laaos) are widely distributed in snake venoms, which contribute to the toxicity of venoms. however, laao from bungarus fasciatus (b. fasciatus) snake venom has not been isolated previously. in the present study, laao from b. fasciatus snake venom was purified by sp-sepharose hp anion exchange chromatography followed by heparin-sepharose ff affinity chromatography procedure and the purified enzyme was named bf-laao. bf-laao presented an estimated molecular weight of 55kda i ... | 2009 | 19393676 |
| beta-bungarotoxin application to the round window: an in vivo deafferentation model of the inner ear. | hearing impairment can be caused by a primary lesion to the spiral ganglion neurons (sgns) with the hair cells kept intact, for example via tumours, trauma or auditory neuropathy. to mimic these conditions in animal models various methods of inflicting damage to the inner ear have been used. however, only a few methods have a selective effect on the sgns, which is of importance since it might be clinically more relevant to study hearing impairment with the hair cells undamaged. beta-bungarotoxin ... | 2010 | 20184947 |
| severe infection of wild-caught snakes with spirometra erinaceieuropaei from food markets in guangzhou, china involves a risk for zoonotic sparganosis. | wild-caught snakes are a popular and traditional food in china. however, little known to the public, snakes are also intermediate hosts of spirometra erinaceieuropaei, a food- and water-borne pathogen of sparganosis. therefore, we investigated the prevalence of s. erinaceieuropaei in 10 popular species of wild-caught snakes in guangzhou city (guangdong province) between july 2009 and july 2010. one hundred and twenty-four specimens of 10 species (including enhydris plumbea, zoacys dhumnades, ela ... | 2010 | 21348631 |
| the antibacterial activity of bf-30 in vitro and in infected burned rats is through interference with cytoplasmic membrane integrity. | cathelicidin-bf (bf-30) is found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. nevertheless, its antibacterial activity in vivo and antibacterial mechanism is unknown. in the present study, we examined the antibacterial activity of bf-30 in vitro against drug-resistant escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus, first identifying its protection against p. aeruginosa in infected burns and then delineating ... | 2011 | 21515321 |
| cathelicidin-bf, a snake cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, could be an excellent therapeutic agent for acne vulgaris. | cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules in innate immunity. cathelicidin-bf has been purified from the snake venoms of bungarus fasciatus and it is the first identified cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in reptiles. in this study, cathelicidin-bf was found exerting strong antibacterial activities against propionibacterium acnes. its minimal inhibitory concentration against two strains of p. acnes was 4.7 µg/ml. cathelicidin-bf also effec ... | 2011 | 21789223 |
| Ophiotaenia bungari n. sp. (Cestoda), a parasite of Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) (Ophidia: Elapidae) from Vietnam, with comments on relative ovarian size as a new and potentially useful diagnostic character for proteocephalidean tapeworms. | Ophiotaenia bungari n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) is described from the intestine of the banded krait Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) (Ophidia: Elapidae) in Vietnam. The new species differs from all but three Ophiotaenia species parasitic in Asian reptiles in the possession of a glandular apical organ. It differs from O. andersoni Jensen, Schmidt & Kuntz, 1983 in the position of the vagina in relation to the cirrus-sac (anterior and posterior in O. bungari versus ante ... | 2012 | 22139008 |
| amino acid sequence of a short chain neurotoxin from the venom of banded krait (bungarus fasciatus). | the amino acid sequence of a short chain neurotoxin obtained from bungarus fasciatus venom consists of 64 amino acid residues: arg-ile-cys-leu-asn-gln-gln-gln-ser- thr-pro-glu-asp-gln-pro-thr-asn-gly-gln-cys-tyr-ile-lys-thr-asp-cys-gln- asn-lys - thr-trp-asn-thr-his-arg-gly-ser-arg-thr-asp-arg-gly-cys-gly-cys-pro-lys- val-lys - pro-gly-ile-asn-leu-arg-cys-cys-lys-thr-asp-lys-cys-asn-glu. the above result was obtained primarily from the amino acid analyses and sequencing of tryptic peptides accom ... | 2009 | 2738048 |
| comparative analysis of the venom proteome of four important malaysian snake species. | naja kaouthia, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus and calloselasma rhodostoma are four venomous snakes indigenous to malaysia. in the present study, their proteomic profile by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) have been separated and compared. | 2014 | 24593956 |
| expression and one-step purification of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf using the intein system in bacillus subtilis. | the intein expression system has been widely applied in escherichia coli to express various proteins and peptides. however, the removal of endotoxin from the recombinant proteins expressed in e. coli is very difficult and therefore complicates the purification process. in this study, we constructed an intein-based expression vector for an antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin from bungarus fasciatus) and expressed the intein fusion peptide in a bacillus subtilis expression system. the fusion pepti ... | 2015 | 25578306 |
| expressing antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf in bacillus subtilis using sumo technology. | small ubiquitin-related modifier (sumo) technology has been widely used in escherichia coli expression systems to produce antimicrobial peptides. however, e. coli is a pathogenic bacterium that produces endotoxins and can secrete proteins into the periplasm, forming inclusion bodies. in our work, cathelicidin-bf (cbf), an antimicrobial peptide purified from bungarus fasciatus venom, was produced in a bacillus subtilis expression system using sumo technology. the chimeric genes his-sumo-cbf and h ... | 2014 | 24121930 |
| venom peptides cathelicidin and lycotoxin cause strong inhibition of escherichia coli atp synthase. | venom peptides are known to have strong antimicrobial activity and anticancer properties. king cobra cathelicidin or oh-cath (kf-34), banded krait cathelicidin (bf-30), wolf spider lycotoxin i (il-25), and wolf spider lycotoxin ii (ke-27) venom peptides were found to strongly inhibit escherichia coli membrane bound f1fo atp synthase. the potent inhibition of wild-type e. coli in comparison to the partial inhibition of null e. coli by kf-34, bf-30, il-25, or ke-27 clearly links the bactericidal p ... | 2016 | 26930579 |
| preparation, characterization, in vitro release and degradation of cathelicidin-bf-30-plga microspheres. | cathelicidin-bf-30 (bf-30), a water-soluble peptide isolated from the snake venom of bungarus fasciatus containing 30 amino acid residues, was incorporated in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) 75∶25 microspheres (ms) prepared by a water in oil in water w/o/w emulsification solvent extraction method. the aim of this work was to investigate the stability of bf-30 after encapsulation. d-trehalose was used as an excipient to stabilize the peptide. the ms obtained were mostly under 2 µm in size a ... | 2014 | 24963652 |
| effective antimicrobial activity of cbf-k16 and cbf-a7 a13 against ndm-1-carrying escherichia coli by dna binding after penetrating the cytoplasmic membrane in vitro. | new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1(ndm-1)-carrying isolates, which are resistant to most clinical used antibiotics except for tigecycline and colistin, have been found worldwide. cathelicidin-bf (bf-30) is found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity. cbf-k(16) and cbf-a(7) a(13) were obtained by mutating lys(16), ala(7), and ala(13) of bf-30, respectively. to investigate their antimicrobial activities against ndm-1 carrying bacteria, recombinant e ... | 2013 | 23389882 |
| cdna sequence analysis and expression of kappa-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait. | the cdnas encoding kappa-bungarotoxin was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology was observed between kappa-bungarotoxin and other kappa-neurotoxins. the kappa-bungarotoxin was subcloned into the expression vector pet32a(+) and transformed into bl21(de3) e. coli strain. the recombinant toxin was expressed as a fusion protein. recombinant kappa-bunga ... | 1997 | 9020044 |
| cdna sequence analysis and expression of the a chain of beta-bungarotoxin from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | the cdna encoding the a chain of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt) was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). the deduced amino acid sequence encoding the a chain revealed that the determined one was different from the known a chains (a1, a2, a3 and a4). nevertheless, the amino acid sequence and cdna sequence of the new a chain (a5) was highly homologous with those of other a chains. the a5 chain was subcloned into the expressi ... | 1996 | 8619855 |
| cdna sequence analysis and expression of alpha-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). | the cdna encoding alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-butx) was constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicintus by rt-pcr. the primers deduced from the n-, c-terminal amino acid residues and the conserved middle segment of the sequence, i.e., r25kmwc29 in alpha-butx could specifically amplify cdnas encoding amino acid residues from 1 to 29 and 25 to 74 of alpha-butx. the complete cdna was obtained by linking sufficient amounts of the two cdna fragments by pcr. the ... | 1995 | 7488184 |
| cloning of cdnas encoding c-type lectins from elapidae snakes bungarus fasciatus and bungarus multicinctus. | a number of c-type lectins with various biological activities have been purified and characterized from viperidae snake venoms. in contrast, only a few reports could be found in literature concerning the c-type lectins in elapidae snake venoms. based on the published cdna sequences of c-type lectins from viperidae snake venoms, oligonucleotide primers were designed and used to screen the cdna libraries made from the venom glands of bungarus fasciatus and bungarus multicinctus. this allowed the c ... | 2001 | 11600152 |
| inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, a novel facet in the pleiotropic activities of snake venom phospholipases a2. | phospholipases a2 represent the most abundant family of snake venom proteins. they manifest an array of biological activities, which is constantly expanding. we have recently shown that a protein bitanarin, isolated from the venom of the puff adder bitis arietans and possessing high phospholipolytic activity, interacts with different types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and with the acetylcholine-binding protein. to check if this property is characteristic to all venom phospholipases a2, w ... | 2014 | 25522251 |
| a gata-binding protein expressed predominantly in the pupal ovary of the silkworm, bombyx mori. | preferential localization of bkm (banded krait minor-satellite) dna sequences on y/w chromosomes of higher eukaryotes, which remain highly condensed in somatic cells but undergo extensive decondensation in the germ cells during early stages of development, led to the postulation for the existence of a sex- and tissue-specific bkm-binding protein (bbp). accordingly, we purified and characterized a bmbbp expressed predominantly in pupal ovary of the silkworm (bombyx mori). 2d-page revealed bmbbp a ... | 2003 | 12535677 |
| assessment of genetic diversity by dna profiling and its significance in silkworm, bombyx mori. | silkworm genetic resources that are being maintained in different countries are yet to be adequately tapped to develop elite varieties that are suited to different agro-eco-climatic conditions of countries like india. this is mostly due to unavailability of efficient protocols that could uncover usable genetic variability in silkworms. molecular markers are known to provide unambiguous estimates of genetic variability of populations since they are independent of confounding effects of environmen ... | 1997 | 9378144 |
| dna fingerprinting in silkworm bombyx mori using banded krait minor satellite dna-derived probe. | the genomic dna from thirteen different ecotypes and inbred lines of silkworm, bombyx mori, were analyzed by digesting with bstni and hinfi restriction enzymes followed by hybridization with banded krait minor satellite dna (bkm)-2(8) minisatellite probe. the dna fingerprinting revealed 9-31 discrete intense bands, some of which were ecotype/inbred line-specific. individual specific dna fingerprints in two representative genotypes and their f1 hybrid offspring were also obtained. individuals of ... | 1995 | 8582348 |
| nmr solution structure of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the taiwan cobra naja naja atra. | the taiwan cobra (naja naja atra) chymotrypsin inhibitor (naci) consists of 57 amino acids and is related to other kunitz-type inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) and bungarus fasciatus fraction ix (bf9), another chymotrypsin inhibitor. here we present the solution structure of naci. we determined the nmr structure of naci with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.37 å for the backbone atoms and 0.73 å for the heavy atoms on the basis of 1,075 upper distance limits derived ... | 2013 | 23896616 |
| dna fingerprinting in reptiles: bkm hybridization patterns in crocodilia and chelonia. | the simple tetranucleotide repeat gata (gaca) occurs in all eukaryotes so far studied. in many species, the arrangement of these sequences varies considerably among individuals. thus gata (gaca) type probes produce dna fingerprints when hybridized with restricted dna from different individuals within a species. banded krait minor (bkm) satellite dna (related to sequences originally recovered from the w chromosome of the banded krait and consisting essentially of a series of gata repeats) is foun ... | 1991 | 1889739 |
| production and characterization of neutralizing antibodies against bungarus multicinctus snake venom. | banded krait (bungarus multicinctus; bm), one of the major envenomation species in taiwan, contains neurotoxic venom proteins (bm proteins), that poses a serious medical problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. even though horse-derived serum is an efficient therapy against snake venom, it is associated with high cost and side effects. therefore, developing a more cost-effective alternative treatment option is highly envisaged. in this study, chickens were immunized with bm proteins, and ... | 2016 | 27663029 |
| muscarinic toxin-like proteins from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom: purification, characterization and gene organization. | two novel proteins, bm8 and bm14, were isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom using the combination of chromatography on a sp-sephadex c-25 column and a reverse-phase hplc column. both proteins contained 82 amino acid residues including 10 cysteine residues, but there were two amino acid substitutions at positions 37 and 38 (glu37-ala38 in bm8; lys37-lys38 in bm14). cd spectra and acrylamide quenching studies revealed that the gross conformation of bm8 and bm14 differed. ... | 2002 | 12437132 |
| the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf could be a potential therapeutic for salmonella typhimurium infection. | resistance is increasing to several critical antimicrobials used to treat salmonella typhimurium infection, urging people to search for new antimicrobial agents. in this work, we reported the possibility of a potent antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus in treating salmonella typhimurium infection. we tested its activity in biological fluids and in vivo using a mouse model of salmonella typhimurium infection, and examined the effect of cathelici ... | 2015 | 25644952 |
| an activator of blood coagulation factor x from the venom of bungarus fasciatus. | a specific activator of blood coagulation factor x was purified from the venom of bungarus fasciatus by gel filtration and by ion-exchange chromatography on a mono-q column (fplc). it consisted of a single polypeptide chain, with a mol. wt of 70,000 in reducing and non-reducing conditions. the enzyme had an amidolytic activity towards the chromogenic substrates s-2266 and s-2302 but it did not hydrolyse s-2238, s2251 or s-2222, which are specific substrates for thrombin, plasmin and factor xa, r ... | 1995 | 8599179 |
| a comparative study of the biological properties of krait (genus bungarus) venoms. | 1. the intravenous median lethal doses (ld50), protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, l-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase a, 5'-nucleotidase, hyauronidase and anticoagulant activities of fourteen samples of venoms from the four common species of krait (bungarus caeruleus, bungarus candidus, bungarus multicinctus and bungarus fasciatus) were examined. 2. the results indicate that even though there are individual variations in the biological properties of ... | 1990 | 1971550 |