| inhibition of toxic activities of bothrops asper venom and other crotalid snake venoms by a novel neutralizing mixture. | the majority of snake bites in central america are caused by bothrops asper, whose venom induce complex local effects such as myonecrosis, edema and especially hemorrhage. these effects are only partially neutralized by the clinically used antivenom, even when administered rapidly after envenomation. recently we screened 49 substances for antihemorrhagic activity and found that a mixture composed of cana2, edta, a b. asper serum fraction (natural antidote), and the currently used horse polyvalen ... | 1997 | 9439739 |
| development of the plerocercoid i of ophiotaenia europaea in reptiles. | the existence of a two-host life-cycle in ophiotaeniid proteocephalideans was tested experimentally using ophiotaenia europaea as a model. three species of reptiles, natrix natrix, natrix tessellata and lacerta viridis, were fed with experimentally infected copepods containing a large number of infective plerocercoids i. a few plerocercoids, most of which were dead, corresponding morphologically to the plerocercoid ii developmental stage of o. europaea, were found encysted in the intestinal wall ... | 1997 | 9467735 |
| severe granulomatous lesions in several organs from eustrongylides larvae in a free-ranging dice snake, natrix tessellata. | during an extensive study regarding the epidemiology of larval eustrongylides infestation in a free-ranging endangered population of dice snakes (natrix tessellata) from histria, romania, an adult female was euthanized to evaluate pathologic changes. parasites appeared as nodules at various locations: in subcutaneous connective tissues, on the serosae of the intestines and liver. histologic sections revealed nematode larvae surrounded by a capsule, forming a parasitic granuloma with 3 layers: ma ... | 2007 | 17197633 |
| do different diets affect oxidative stress biomarkers and metal bioaccumulation in two snake species? | in this study we examined possible differences in heavy metal accumulation and oxidative stress parameters in the liver and muscle of two semi-aquatic snakes: grass snake (natrix natrix) and dice snake (n. tessellata), that inhabit the same environment but differ in prey diversity. the obtained results revealed some interspecies, inter-tissue, prey-snake and prey-prey differences in heavy metal concentrations. grass snakes pray contained significantly higher concentrations of al, cr and fe as co ... | 2019 | 31128280 |
| effect of capture, phenotype, and physiological status on blood glucose and plasma corticosterone levels in free-ranging dice snakes. | abstracttheoretically, animals integrate intrinsic and extrinsic factors to respond appropriately to the wide range of stressors they encounter during their life span. we examined how stress response varies between sexes and among morphotypes in wild dice snakes (natrix tessellata). we also considered reproductive and feeding status and antipredator behavior. we used two indicators of stress (glucose [gluc] and corticosterone [cort] levels) at eight sampling time intervals (immediately after cap ... | 2020 | 33164670 |
| [stages of the development of the embryos of snakes by the time of oviposition]. | embryos of 6 species of snakes--ptyas mucosus (l.), elaphe dione (pall.), psammophis lineolatum (brandt), natrix tesselata (laur), naja oxiana (eichw.), vipera lebetina turanica (cernov) and v. l. obtusa--at the stage of egg laying are described morphologically. different species of snakes are shown to lay the eggs containing embryos of different degrees of maturation. this series of transitions at the embryonic age (up to the time of egg viviparity) is connected with ecological peculiarities of ... | 1976 | 1037475 |
| a potent antihemorrhagin in the serum of the non-poisonous water snake natrix tessellata: isolation, characterization and mechanism of neutralization. | the main natural antihemorrhagic factor (ntah), which inhibits the hemorrhagic activity of bothrops asper snake venom, was isolated from the serum of the non-poisonous water snake natrix tessellata by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 35-55%, sephadex g-75 gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose and cm-sepharose and hydrophobic phenyl-sepharose chromatography. the purified protein showed one band with an isoelectric point of 4.5 and a molecular mass of about 880 kda. the an ... | 1994 | 7803481 |
| [the first case of ophionyssus natricis (gervais, 1844) on a sea snake (natrix tessellata, laurente 1768) (reptilia: squamata: colubridae) in turkey]. | this study was carried out to increase information about ophionyssus natricis (gervais, 1844) detected on the sea snake (natrix tessellata). the mite individuals collected from the cage of a sea snake were brought to our laboratory by the owner of the snake. they werepreserved in 70% alcohol, and then the mites were mounted on slides in canada balsam, after making them transparent in lacto phenol for a few days. they were identified to species in respect of their morphological characters under t ... | 2012 | 22801918 |
| [characteristics of energy metabolism in the tissues of lake frogs and certain reptiles during prolonged deep hypothermia]. | a week hypothermia (2-4 degrees c) does not cause a considerable decrease in content of glycogen in the liver, muscles, brain tissues of lacerta strigata, natrix tessellata and rana ridibunda. in eremias arguta pangolins the level of glycogen in the liver and muscles under these conditions is twice as low. prolongation of hypothermia till three weeks causes a 4-fold decrease in the polysaccharide level in the liver of eremias arguta and lacerta strigata. the content of nonesterified fatty acids ... | 2015 | 7210219 |
| activity of sarafotoxin/endothelin peptides in the heart and brain of lower vertebrates. | the effects of sarafotoxin-b (srtx-b) and endothelin-1 (et-1) were tested in the fish tilapia (ore niloticus x o. aureus hybrids) and torpedo (torpedo ocellata), the toad (bufo viridis), the agama lizard (agama stellio) and water snake (natrix tessellata). in isolated heart preparations of the fish and agama, peptide doses of 0.05-0.5 micrograms/ml induced positive inotropic effects, reduction of the contraction rate and arrhythmia, leading to cardiac arrest. in the toad, a negative inotropic ef ... | 1992 | 1626325 |
| [reptile brain cerebrosides and cerebroside sulfates]. | studies have been made on the content of cerebrosides and cerebroside sulfates, as well as on their fatty acid composition in the brain of reptiles, subclass anapsida (tortoises emys orbicularis and testudo horsfieldi) and subclass lepidosauria (lizards agama caucasica, a. sanguinolenta, phrynocephalus mystaceus and snake natrix tesselata). total content of cerebrosides and cerebroside sulfates is higher in the brain of lepidosaurians than in that of anapsids. in the brain of tortoises, the cont ... | 2008 | 506587 |
| [Peculiarities of secondary structure of serum albumin of some representatives of the animal kingdom]. | Methods of infrared (IR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) are suitable techniques for detection of proteins structural changes. These methods were used for determinating peculiarities of the secondary structure of serum albumins in some representatives of two classes of reptiles: Horsfield's tortoise (Testudo horsfieldi), water snake (Natrix tessellata) and grass snake (Natrix natrix) and birds: domestic goose (Anser anser), domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus), domestic duck (Anas platy ... | 2011 | 21888056 |
| snake acetylcholine receptor: cloning of the domain containing the four extracellular cysteines of the alpha subunit. | the acetylcholine receptor (acchor) at the neuromuscular junction of elapid snakes binds cholinergic ligands but unlike other muscle acchors does not bind alpha-bungarotoxin. numerous studies indicate that the ligand-binding site of the acchor includes cysteine residues at positions 192 and 193 of the alpha subunit. we have previously shown that a synthetic dodecapeptide corresponding to residues 185-196 of the torpedo acchor alpha subunit contains the essential elements of the ligand-binding si ... | 1989 | 2780569 |
| [glycogen and glucose content in the tissues of the frog and reptiles]. | in poikilotherm animals--the frog rana ridibunda, lizards lacerta strigata, eremias arguta, snake natrix tesselata--high glycogen and glucose concentrations have been found not only in the liver, but also in muscles and especially in the brain. the content of glycogen in the brain of the reptiles investigated is 63.5--4.2 times higher, whereas that of glucose--6.9--39.5 times higher than in the brain of rats. the level of free fatty acids in the blood of frogs and snakes studied is the same as i ... | 1978 | 676588 |
| [further studies of salmonella findings in reptiles. iv. communication (author's transl)]. | all together 139 snakes - 134 coluber jugularis, 3 natrix natrix and 2 natrix tessellata were examined for the presence of salmonella and arizona bacteriae. from the 139 specimens examined 112 proved to be salmonella positive. 30 salmonella respectively arizona serotypes were isolated, there from 3 new arizona types were found: ar. 10a, 10c:27-21, ar. 10a, 10c:23-31 and ar. 16:23-31. 41 specimens contained single serotypes, while 51 were double infected, 12 specimens harbored 3 different serotyp ... | 1977 | 610247 |
| [development, morphology and function of the venom gland (duvernoy's gland) of natrix tessellata]. | | 1971 | 4400766 |
| effect of castration and of male hormone administration on the tissue respiration and thyroid activity of the checkered water snake, natrix piscator. | | 1974 | 4817325 |
| dietary regulation of digestive enzyme levels in the water snake, natrix tessellata. | levels of digestive enzymes were analyzed in water snakes following artificial feeding. a prominent increase of total proteolytic activity in the stomach was evident after feeding with a casein solution or after the snake was offered a fish (9- and 6-fold that of the fasting level, respectively). the activity following feeding with starch was much lower. increased levels of chymotrypsin(ogen) as well as of amylase were evident in the pancreas 1 day after feeding the snake with fish. a specific i ... | 1987 | 2440974 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the dice snake (natrix tessellata). | | 2000 | 11123648 |
| hydrodynamic constraints on prey-capture performance in forward-striking snakes. | some specialized aquatic snakes such as natrix tessellata strike at fish by rapidly accelerating their head towards the prey with their mouth opened widely. this strategy is believed to be suboptimal as relatively high drag forces act on the open jaws and, therefore, probably limit strike speed. moreover, the bow wave in front of the snake's jaws could push prey away from the mouth, thus potentially explaining the relatively low capture success observed in these animals (<20%). here, we used las ... | 2010 | 19828500 |
| comparative morphology of the skin of natrix tessellata (family: colubridae) and cerastes vipera (family: viperidae). | we studied beneficial difference of the skin of two snakes. two snakes were chosen from two different habitats and two families: colubridae (natrix tessellata) and viperidae (cerastes vipera). the investigations were performed by light and electron microscopy. histologically, the skin of the studied species show pronounced modifications that correlated with functional demands. the scales in natrix tessellata overlapped slightly, while in cerastes vipera they were highly overlapped. sem shows tha ... | 2011 | 21967222 |
| hypernatremia in dice snakes (natrix tessellata) from a coastal population: implications for osmoregulation in marine snake prototypes. | the widespread relationship between salt excreting structures (e.g., salt glands) and marine life strongly suggests that the ability to regulate salt balance has been crucial during the transition to marine life in tetrapods. elevated natremia (plasma sodium) recorded in several marine snakes species suggests that the development of a tolerance toward hypernatremia, in addition to salt gland development, has been a critical feature in the evolution of marine snakes. however, data from intermedia ... | 2014 | 24658047 |
| oxidative stress biomarkers, cholinesterase activity and biotransformation enzymes in the liver of dice snake (natrix tessellata laurenti) during pre-hibernation and post-hibernation: a possible correlation with heavy metals in the environment. | we investigated in the liver of dice snakes during pre- and post-hibernation changes in the following antioxidant parameters: total, manganese and copper zinc containing superoxide dismutases (tot sod, mnsod, cuzn sod, respectively), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathione reductase (gr) and the concentrations of total glutathione (gsh) and sulfhydryl groups (-sh). in addition, we examined the expression of phase i biotransformation enzyme cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) and the a ... | 2017 | 28043034 |
| physiological and behavioral responses to salinity in coastal dice snakes. | secondarily marine tetrapods have evolved adaptations to maintain their osmotic balance in a hyperosmotic environment. during the transition to a marine habitat, the evolution of a euryhaline physiology likely encompassed successive changes in behavior and physiology that released organisms from regular access to fresh water. deciphering these key steps is a complicated task. in this study, we investigated a species of freshwater natricine snake in which some populations are known to use marine ... | 2017 | 28893666 |
| heart studies. iv. histological and histochemical investigation of the heart of adult grass snakes (natrix natrix and natrix tesselata). | | 1962 | 13963535 |
| [light and electron microscopic studies of the islands of langerhans of snakes (natrix natrix l., natrix tessellata laurenti)]. | | 1968 | 4881413 |
| novel microsatellite loci in the grass snake (natrix natrix) and cross-amplification in the dice snake (natrix tessellata). | six novel polymorphic microsatellite loci are presented for the grass snake (natrix natrix), a species with declining populations in many regions. the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven. four dice snake (natrix tessellata) microsatellites were polymorphic in the grass snake with three to four alleles. at two loci, the expected heterozygosity differed significantly from observed heterozygosity. cross-amplification of the grass snake markers in the dice snake showed two polymorph ... | 2009 | 21564704 |