| studies on the interaction of organic phosphates with haemoglobin in an amphibian (bufo marinus), a reptile (trachydosaurus rugosus) and man. | the primary organic phosphate modifiers of haemoglobin function are dpg (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) in the toad bufo marinus and atp in the lizard trachydosaurus rugosus. myo-ip6 (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) and myo-ip5 (myo-inositol pentaphosphate) are more effective than atp or dpg in reducing the oxygen affinities of the haemoglobins of b. marinus, t. rugosus and man, while atp and dpg are about equally effective. competition experiments indicate that atp, dpg and myo-ip6 bind to the same site o ... | 1975 | 811198 |
| polyunsaturated dietary lipids lower the selected body temperature of a lizard. | cold acclimation lowers the selected body temperature (tb) in many ectothermic vertebrates. this change in behavioural thermoregulation is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissues and cellular membranes. we investigated how diets containing different fatty acids, known to significantly alter the fatty acid composition of animal tissues and membranes, affect the selected tb of the lizard tiliqua rugosa. lizards on a diet containing many polyunsaturate ... | 1992 | 1560116 |
| thyroid function in a lizard, a tortoise and a crocodile, compared with mammals. | 1. thyroid activity was examined in the lizard, trachydosaurus rugosus, the tortoise chelodina longicollis and the crocodile, crocodylus johnstoni, acclimated to 20-22 degrees c and 30-32 degrees c. thyroidal uptake and release of 125i, plasma concentrations of t3 and t4 were measured as was resting oxygen consumption (at 30 degrees c) before and after both thyroidectomy and thyroxine injections. 2. all three species showed 125i uptake at both temperatures and showed no thyroidal release of 125i ... | 1988 | 2900104 |
| metabolism of fluoroacetate in the skink (tiliqua rugosa) and the rat (rattus norvegicus). | administration of 100 mg sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) per kilogram body weight to t. rugosa resulted in a 3.4-fold increase in plasma citrate levels 48 h after dosing while administration of 3 mg sodium fluoroacetate per kilogram body weight to r. norvegicus produced a fivefold increase in plasma citrate levels within 4 h. administration of 300 mg sodium fluoroacetate per kilogram body weight reduced the oxygen consumption of the skink by between 2.5 and 11% while in the rat, 2 mg sodium ... | 1986 | 3778356 |
| proceedings: functional affinities of the non-zoned adrenocortical tissue of the skink tiliqua rugosa with the zone glomerulosa of the rat adrenal. | | 1974 | 4365269 |
| immune response of the lizard, tiliqua rugosa. | | 1972 | 4560565 |
| evolution of the major histocompatibility complex. i. survival of autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic red blood cells in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | | 1981 | 7319109 |
| transthyretin gene expression in choroid plexus first evolved in reptiles. | the presence of transthyretin in mammals and birds, but not amphibia, suggested that transthyretin expression first appeared in stem reptiles. therefore, transthyretin synthesis was studied in a lizard. transthyretin synthesis in choroid plexus pieces from tiliqua rugosa was demonstrated by incorporation of radiactive amino acids. oligonucleotides corresponding to conserved regions of transthyretin were used as primers in polymerase chain reaction with lizard choroid plexus cdna. amplified dna w ... | 1993 | 8238627 |
| guanylyl cyclase receptors and guanylin-like peptides in reptilian intestine. | receptors for guanylin and uroguanylin were identified on the mucosal surface of enterocytes lining the intestine of the bobtail skink (tiliqua rugosa), king's skink (egernia kingii), and knight anole (anolis equestris) by receptor autoradiography using 125i-st (escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin) as the radioligand. specific, high-affinity binding of 125i-st to receptors was found on the microvillus border of enterocytes and little or no specific binding of 125i-st was observed in other s ... | 1997 | 9245531 |
| transmission of the blood parasite hemolivia mariae between its lizard and tick hosts. | the haemogregarine hemolivia mariae is found in the erythrocytes of a natural population of the lizard tiliqua rugosa. it infects two tick species, amblyomma limbatum and aponomma hydrosauri, which parasitise lizards. in laboratory experiments, engorged amb. limbatum nymphs from infected lizards transmitted the haemogregarine to uninfected lizards significantly more often than engorged ap. hydrosauri nymphs. dissections of larvae and nymphs of both species fed on the same infected hosts showed t ... | 1999 | 10494815 |
| ultrastructure studies on post-oocyst development of the lizard hemogregarine hemolivia mariae in the tick amblyomma limbatum. | the ultrastructural features of the development of hemolivia mariae, a blood parasite of the australian lizard, tiliqua rugosa, from sporokinetes to sporozoites in their vector tick amblyomma limbatum are described. sporokinetes, released from oocysts, re-establish themselves in tick-gut epithelial cells within a parasitophorous vacuole, the wall of which becomes evaginating and anastomosing and is underlined extensively by endoplasmic reticulum. the sporozoites forming within the encysting spor ... | 2000 | 10894472 |
| ultrastructure of hemolivia mariae gamonts in the blood of the lizard tiliqua rugosa and their development to oocyst stage in the tick amblyomma limbatum. | the ultrastructural features of the development of hemolivia mariae from intra-erythrocytic gamonts in their host, the australian lizard tiliqua rugosa, to oocysts containing sporokinetes in their vector, the tick amblyomma limbatum, are described. mature intra-erythrocytic gamonts, as well as gamonts ingested by the tick were encased in a thick (30 nm) capsule with distinct suture sites at each of the two apices. in the only image of a presumed syzygy, both partners were still encased. further ... | 2000 | 10935907 |
| prevalence and intensity of the blood parasite hemolivia mariae in a field population of the skink tiliqua rugosa. | the impacts of virulent parasites on humans or domestic animals are well documented. less is known of the impact of parasites in natural host-parasite associations. a population of the australian sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa is infected with the blood microparasite hemolivia mariae, which is transmitted by the ectoparasitic tick amblyomma limbatum. in most infected lizards a very small proportion, usually < 1%, of red blood cells are infected. a study of the prevalence of the microparasite in th ... | 2000 | 10952265 |
| prevalence of infection by the protozoan hemolivia mariae in ticks. | this paper considers the prevalence of natural infections of the protozoan hemolivia mariae, in its hosts the australian sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa, and the ixodid tick species, amblyomma limbatum. we investigate whether the protozoan may be influencing the tick population in the field, by comparing the observed prevalence of infection in ticks with the prevalence expected from known transmission dynamics. the prevalence of infection in nymphs was similar to the expected prevalence, but the o ... | 2001 | 11206116 |
| ultrastructure of developmental stages of hemolivia mariae (apicomplexa: haemogregarinidae), natural parasite of the australian sleepy lizard, in experimentally infected deviant hosts. | mabuya vitatta (olivier) (scincidae) and agama stellio (l.) (agamidae) were infected with hemolivia mariae smallridge et paperna, 1997 by ingestion of tick viscera from amblyomma limbatum neumann, fed as nymphs on naturally infected australian sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa gray. the unnatural infection apparently interfered with the developmental schedule of the parasites. transmission electron microscopic images of merogonic stages were obtained, as well as images of early developing gametocyt ... | 2001 | 11817448 |
| second intermediate host land snails and definitive host animals of brachylaima cribbi in southern australia. | this study of infection of southern australian land snails with brachylaima cribbi metacercariae has shown that all commonly encountered native and introduced snails are susceptible second intermediate hosts. the range of infected snails is extensive with metacercariae-infected snails being present in all districts across southern australia. c. virgata has the highest average natural metacercarial infection intensity of 6.1 metacercariae per infected snail. the susceptibility of birds, mammals a ... | 2005 | 15828579 |
| interactions between climate, host refuge use, and tick population dynamics. | the relationship between australian sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) microhabitat use and tick (amblyomma limbatum) population dynamics was investigated. over 3 years (2002-2004) between 23 and 50 lizards were radio-tracked up to four times a week to record microhabitat use and each fortnight to determine tick loads. daily maximum temperature was highly predictive of lizard microhabitat use. in hotter fortnights lizards used larger bushes and burrows for refuge. peak background tick infestation le ... | 2006 | 16541265 |
| differences in membrane acyl phospholipid composition between an endothermic mammal and an ectothermic reptile are not limited to any phospholipid class. | this study examined questions concerning differences in the acyl composition of membrane phospholipids that have been linked to the faster rates of metabolic processes in endotherms versus ectotherms. in liver, kidney, heart and brain of the ectothermic reptile, trachydosaurus rugosus, and the endothermic mammal, rattus norvegicus, previous findings of fewer unsaturates but a greater unsaturation index (ui) in membranes of the mammal versus those of the reptile were confirmed. moreover, the stud ... | 2007 | 17872998 |
| refuge sharing network predicts ectoparasite load in a lizard. | living in social groups facilitates cross-infection by parasites. however, empirical studies on indirect transmission within wildlife populations are scarce. we investigated whether asynchronous overnight refuge sharing among neighboring sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa, facilitates indirect transmission of its ectoparasitic tick, amblyomma limbatum. we fitted 18 neighboring lizards with gps recorders, observed their overnight refuge use each night over 3 months, and counted their ticks every fort ... | 2010 | 20802788 |
| morphology of the basilar papilla of the bobtail lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the morphology of the basilar papilla of the bobtail lizard was investigated with standard light- and scanning-electron-microscopical methods. the papilla can be subdivided into two parts: a small apical segment which is rather uniform in structure and a long basal segment which displays various systematic changes along its length, for example in the density of the hair cells, the height and shape of the hair-cell stereovillar bundles, the number of stereovilli per bundle and the size of the tec ... | 2011 | 3198511 |
| progestins in the plasma of a viviparous lizard, tiliqua rugosa (gray). | | 2016 | 5007996 |
| rickettsia detected in the reptile tick bothriocroton hydrosauri from the lizard tiliqua rugosa in south australia. | rickettsiosis is a potentially fatal tick borne disease. it is caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria rickettsia, which is transferred to humans through salivary excretions of ticks during the biting process. globally, the incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing; as such, there is a need for a greater understanding of tick-host interactions to create more informed risk management strategies. flinders island spotted fever rickettsioses has been identified throughout australia (tasma ... | 2016 | 27338482 |
| testing the robustness of transmission network models to predict ectoparasite loads. one lizard, two ticks and four years. | we investigated transmission pathways for two tick species, bothriocroton hydrosauri and amblyomma limbatum, among their sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) hosts in a natural population in south australia. our aim was to determine whether a transmission network model continued to predict parasite load patterns effectively under varying ecological conditions. using gps loggers we identified the refuge sites used by each lizard on each day. we estimated infectious time windows for ticks that detached ... | 2013 | 24533346 |
| the use of body condition and haematology to detect widespread threatening processes in sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa) in two agricultural environments. | agricultural practices, including habitat alteration and application of agricultural chemicals, can impact wildlife resulting in their decline. determining which of these practices are contributing to declines is essential if the declines are to be reversed. in this study, the health of two geographically separated sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) populations was compared between a rangeland environment and cropping environment using linear body size index (lbsi) and haematology. animals in the cr ... | 2014 | 26064571 |
| spatial variation and survival of salmonella enterica subspecies in a population of australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa). | the life cycles of many enteric bacterial species require a transition between two very distinct environments. their primary habitat is the gastrointestinal tract of the host, while their secondary habitat, during transmission from one host to another, consists of environments external to the host, such as soil, water, and sediments. consequently, both host and environmental factors shape the genetic structure of enteric bacterial populations. this study examined the distribution of four salmone ... | 2015 | 26092451 |
| social networks and the spread of salmonella in a sleepy lizard population. | although theoretical models consider social networks as pathways for disease transmission, strong empirical support, particularly for indirectly transmitted parasites, is lacking for many wildlife populations. we found multiple genetic strains of the enteric bacterium salmonella enterica within a population of australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa), and we found that pairs of lizards that shared bacterial genotypes were more strongly connected in the social network than were pairs of lizards ... | 2012 | 22845647 |
| the impact of tick parasites on the behaviour of the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | populations of the australian sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa, near mt. mary, south australia carry natural infestations of two tick species aponomma hydrosauri and amblyomma limbatum. in field experiments at two sites, 18 km apart, lizards with experimentally increased tick loads had smaller home ranges, moved shorter distances in a day, and were found basking more but moving less often than lizards from which ticks were experimentally removed. the results were consistent for adult lizards in two ... | 2000 | 28308351 |
| the impact of tick load on the fitness of their lizard hosts. | a survey was conducted of natural populations of the sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa in south australia to determine whether infestation by ectoparasitic ticks reduced their fitness. between 1982 and 1990, 2183 captures of 824 individual lizards were made in an area where they were infested by the tick aponomma hydrosauri, and 3668 captures of 586 individual lizards were made in an area where they were infested with the tick amblyomma limbatum. lizards with high tick loads in one year tended to hav ... | 1993 | 28313658 |
| niche segregation in reptile ticks: attachment sites and reproductive success of females. | this study examined whether the mating or feeding success of females of two tick species, amblyomma limbatum and aponomma hydrosauri, is influenced by their site of attachment on a host. marked interspecific differences were detected in the preferred sites of attachment of females to their common host, the sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa, with amb. limbatum found predominantly in the ears and on the lower back, while ap. hydrosauri preferred to attach under the forelimbs and on the midback. data fr ... | 1992 | 28313721 |
| no competition for resources between two tick species at their parapatric boundary. | aponomma hydrosauri and amblyomma limbatum are tick species with the same major host species, the sleepy lizard trachydosaurus rugosus, but parapatric distributions in south australia. near mt. mary one species is abruptly replaced by the other over one kilometre. there is substantial overlap in feeding sites on the hosts. this suggested that interspecific competition, during feeding, may be an important mechanism preventing further overlap of the distributions of the two species. however, in th ... | 1989 | 28313492 |
| molecular genetic data provide support for a model of transmission dynamics in an australian reptile tick, bothriocroton hydrosauri. | bothriocroton hydrosauri is a three-host ixodid tick that infests large reptiles in southeastern australia, where its most common host is a large scincid lizard tiliqua rugosa. based on previous ecological and behavioural studies of this system, we propose a 'ripple' model of tick population dynamics, where only a few female ticks succeed in producing surviving offspring. these females then are the centres of ripples of their progeny spreading into the broader landscape. the model predicts highe ... | 2009 | 19192177 |
| abundant synthesis of transthyretin in the brain, but not in the liver, of turtles. | the binding of thyroxine to proteins in the blood plasma of the turtle, trachemys scripta, was analyzed by incubation with radioactive thyroxine, electrophoresis and autoradiography. albumin and an alpha-globulin were found to bind thyroxine; no thyroxine-binding transthyretin was detected in the prealbumin region. in contrast to blood plasma, a thyroxine-binding prealbumin was observed in medium from t. scripta choroid plexus incubated in vitro. rna was extracted from brain tissue containing ch ... | 1997 | 9253180 |
| spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in two gecko species, gekko gecko and eublepharis macularius. | spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (spoae) of the gecko species gekko gecko and eublepharis macularius appear as broad spectral peaks (bandwidth 44 to 170 hz) between 1 and 4.5 khz that have peak levels of -7 to 10 db spl. most ears showed spoae at many frequencies. in some ears, the peaks were superimposed on a broad baseline emission. the instantaneous frequency of any emission varied rapidly within its bandwidth limits and frequencies in the center of the band occurred most commonly, but not w ... | 1996 | 8819855 |
| eimeria tiliquae n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the shingleback skink (tiliqua rugosa rugosa). | a new species, eimeria tiliquae n. sp. is described from a shingleback skink (tiliqua rugosa rugosa). sporulated oocysts (n=50) are spherical to subspherical, with colourless trilaminate oocyst wall, 0.7±0.1 (0.5-0.75) thick. oocyst with 4 spheroidal to subspheroidal sporocysts. oocyst length, 13.7±0.9 (12.0-16.3); oocyst width, 12.8±0.9 (11.5-15.0); oocyst length/width (l/w) ratio, 1.07±0.05 (1.0-1.2). micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule absent. sporocysts with globular sporocyst resid ... | 2013 | 23201215 |
| pharmacological studies of the cardiovascular system in the anaesthetized sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) and toad (bufo marinus). | | 1969 | 5777379 |
| lizards, ticks and contributions to australian parasitology: c. michael bull (1947-2016). | professor c. michael bull was a great scientist and mentor, and an associate editor of this journal. while his research career spanned the fields of behavioural ecology, conservation biology and herpetology, in this article, we pay tribute to his major contribution to australian parasitology. mike authored more than eighty articles on host-parasite ecology, and revealed major insights into the biology and ecology of ticks from his long term study of the parapatric boundary of two tick species (a ... | 2017 | 28971015 |
| niche changes between parasite populations: an example from ticks on reptiles. | two australian tick species aponomma hydrosauri and amblyomma albolimbatum have the same major host species, the lizard trachydosaurus rugosus. while females of amb. albolimbatum are most often attached in the ears and on the neck of their hosts, ap. hydrosauri females prefer to attach further back, under the forearms and on the back. males show the same interspecific difference but there is also a difference between populations. ap. hydrosauri males from populations in contact with amb. albolim ... | 1982 | 28309905 |
| the influence of refuge sharing on social behaviour in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | refuge sharing by otherwise solitary individuals during periods of inactivity is an integral part of social behaviour and has been suggested to be the precursor to more complex social behaviour. we compared social association patterns of active versus inactive sheltering individuals in the social australian sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa, to empirically test the hypothesis that refuge sharing facilitates social associations while individuals are active. we fitted 18 neighbouring lizards with glob ... | 2011 | 21475734 |
| discovery and partial genomic characterisation of a novel nidovirus associated with respiratory disease in wild shingleback lizards (tiliqua rugosa). | a respiratory disease syndrome has been observed in large numbers of wild shingleback lizards (tiliqua rugosa) admitted to wildlife care facilities in the perth metropolitan region of western australia. mortality rates are reportedly high without supportive treatment and care. here we used next generation sequencing techniques to screen affected and unaffected individuals admitted to kanyana wildlife rehabilitation centre in perth between april and december 2015, with the resultant discovery of ... | 2016 | 27828982 |
| anaesthesia in two species of large australian skink. | the use of ketamine hydrochloride and sodium pentobarbitone in the anaesthesia of two species of australian skink was examined. the effects of ketamine at ambient temperatures of 15 degrees c and 30 degrees c were studied. ketamine produced consistent responses up to and including anaesthesia at dose rates of 170 to 230 mg/kg at 30 degrees c. the effect of temperature on the anaesthetic dose, respiratory and cardiac rates, muscle relaxation, analgesia and the onset and duration of anaesthesia wa ... | 1988 | 3420784 |
| mhc in a monogamous lizard--characterization of class i mhc genes in the australian skink tiliqua rugosa. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a highly variable region of vertebrate genomes that encodes cellular proteins involved in the immune response. in addition to the benefits of mhc research in understanding the genetic basis of host resistance to disease, the mhc is an ideal candidate for studying genetic diversity under strong natural selection. however, the mhc of many non-model vertebrate taxa are poorly characterized, hindering an understanding of disease resistance and its applic ... | 2015 | 26208969 |
| thermal sensitivity of reptilian melatonin rhythms: "cold" tuatara vs. "warm" skink. | daily rhythms in plasma melatonin levels were compared in two ecologically diverse reptilian species under natural environmental conditions in autumn. the nocturnal, cold temperature-adapted tuatara (sphenodon punctatus) had a melatonin rhythm of much lower amplitude than did the diurnal desert-adapted sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa). experiments in controlled laboratory environments showed that, although both species are capable of attaining a comparable melatonin peak (approximately 750 pmol/l) ... | 1989 | 2719158 |
| the hematology of captive bobtail lizards (tiliqua rugosa): blood counts, light microscopy, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure. | bobtail lizards (tiliqua rugosa) are native to australia. the only previous study on the hematology of this species documented just 6 animals. | 2016 | 27870110 |
| lizard movement tracks: variation in path re-use behaviour is consistent with a scent-marking function. | individual movement influences the spatial and social structuring of a population. animals regularly use the same paths to move efficiently to familiar places, or to patrol and mark home ranges. we found that australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa), a monogamous species with stable pair-bonds, repeatedly used the same paths within their home ranges and investigated whether path re-use functions as a scent-marking behaviour, or whether it is influenced by site familiarity. lizards can leave sc ... | 2016 | 27019790 |
| artificial water point for livestock influences spatial ecology of a native lizard species. | pastoralism is a major agricultural activity in drier environments, and can directly and indirectly impact native species in those areas. we investigated how the supply of an artificial watering point to support grazing livestock affected movement and activity patterns of the australian sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) during a drought year. we observed 23 adult lizards; six had access to a dam, whereas 17 lizards did not. lizards with access to the dam had larger home ranges, were substantially a ... | 2016 | 26800274 |
| when the going gets tough: behavioural type-dependent space use in the sleepy lizard changes as the season dries. | understanding space use remains a major challenge for animal ecology, with implications for species interactions, disease spread, and conservation. behavioural type (bt) may shape the space use of individuals within animal populations. bolder or more aggressive individuals tend to be more exploratory and disperse further. yet, to date we have limited knowledge on how space use other than dispersal depends on bt. to address this question we studied bt-dependent space-use patterns of sleepy lizard ... | 2015 | 26609082 |
| tick exposure and extreme climate events impact survival and threaten the persistence of a long-lived lizard. | assessing the impacts of multiple, often synergistic, stressors on the population dynamics of long-lived species is becoming increasingly important due to recent and future global change. tiliqua rugosa (sleepy lizard) is a long-lived skink (>30 years) that is adapted to survive in semi-arid environments with varying levels of parasite exposure and highly seasonal food availability. we used an exhaustive database of 30 years of capture-mark-recapture records to quantify the impacts of both paras ... | 2016 | 26559641 |
| arthropod intermediate hosts of abbreviata antarctica (nematoda: physalopteridae) in australia. | this study examines potential arthropod intermediate hosts for the nematode abbreviata antarctica. five species of arthropod (tropical native cricket teleogryllus oceanicus; native roach drymoplaneta communis; native termite nasutitermes exitiosus; and 2 introduced species, the east african roach naupheta cinerea and the asian cricket acheta domesticus) were fed feces from a skink, tiliqua rugosa, containing embryonated eggs of a. antarctica . the insects were dissected at 4 intervals (1 day, 4 ... | 2013 | 23360383 |
| gestation increases the energetic cost of breathing in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | high gestational loads result in fetuses that occupy a large proportion of the body cavity and may compress maternal organs. compression of the lungs results in alterations in breathing patterns during gestation, which may affect the energetic cost of breathing. in this study, the energetic cost of breathing during gestation was determined in the viviparous skink tiliqua rugosa. radiographic imaging showed progressive lung compression during gestation and a 30% reduction in the lung inflation in ... | 2013 | 22972896 |
| ocular anatomy and retinal photoreceptors in a skink, the sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa). | the australian sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) is a large day-active skink which occupies stable overlapping home ranges and maintains long-term monogamous relationships. its behavioral ecology has been extensively studied, making the sleepy lizard an ideal model for investigation of the lizard visual system and its specializations, for which relatively little is known. we examine the morphology, density, and distribution of retinal photoreceptors and describe the anatomy of the sleepy lizard eye ... | 2012 | 22847828 |
| retinal ganglion cell topography and visual acuity of the sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa). | the spatial distribution of retinal ganglion cells provides valuable insight into the importance species place on observing objects in specific regions of their visual field with higher spatial resolving power. we estimate the total number, distribution and peak density of ganglion cells in retinal wholemounts of the sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa, a scincid lizard endemic to southern australia. ganglion cells were readily discernable from amacrine cells by their size and shape, prominent nuclei ... | 2011 | 21387155 |
| thermocyclic and photocyclic entrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa. | australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa) exhibit marked locomotor activity rhythms in the field and laboratory. light-dark (ld) and temperature cycles (tcs) are considered important for the entrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms and for mediating seasonal adjustments in aspects of these rhythms, such as phase, amplitude, and activity pattern. the relative importance of 24 h ld and tcs in entraining the circadian locomotor activity rhythm in t. rugosa was examined in three experime ... | 2009 | 19916837 |
| interseasonal variation in the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and temperature selection in sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa. | few studies in non-mammalian vertebrates have examined how various effectors of the circadian system interact. to determine if the daily locomotor and behavioural thermoregulatory rhythms of tiliqua rugosa are both controlled by the circadian system in different seasons, lizards were tested in laboratory thermal gradients in four seasons and in constant darkness. circadian rhythmicity for both rhythms was present in each season, being most pronounced in spring and summer and least evident in aut ... | 2008 | 18663456 |
| circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and temperature selection in sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa. | this study examined whether the daily rhythms of locomotor activity and behavioural thermoregulation that have previously been observed in australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa) under field conditions are true circadian rhythms that persist in constant darkness (dd) and whether these rhythms show similar characteristics. lizards held on laboratory thermal gradients in the australian spring under the prevailing 12-hour light : dark (ld) cycle for 14 days displayed robust daily rhythms of beha ... | 2007 | 17457591 |
| susceptibility to infection by a haemogregarine parasite and the impact of infection in the australian sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the hamilton and zuk hypothesis on haemoparasite-mediated sexual selection and certain studies of fitness are based on the assumption that blood parasite infections are detrimental to their hosts. however, there are few reports that have demonstrated harmful effects of endemic blood parasites on fitness in wild populations, and it has even been suggested that they may be non-pathogenic. in this paper, we show that individuals of the australian sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) have smaller home ran ... | 2007 | 17205352 |
| breathing with big babies: ventilation and oxygen consumption during pregnancy in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | we determined the effects of high gestational loads on ventilation and the rate of oxygen consumption (vo2) in the scincid lizard tiliqua rugosa. tiliqua rugosa is a large viviparous lizard that gives birth to one to four young after 6-7 mo gestation. pregnant females gave birth to large young, weighing 89.5+/-5.9 g, which represents 21.6%+/-2.6% of maternal body mass. as the embryos developed, they occupied an increasingly large proportion of the body cavity, decreasing food consumption and com ... | 2006 | 17160878 |
| persistence of a plasma melatonin rhythm in constant darkness and its inhibition by constant light in the sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa. | this study determined whether a blood plasma melatonin rhythm persists in constant photothermal environments in the sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa. it builds upon an earlier investigation which provided equivocal results as to whether an in vivo melatonin rhythm persists in constant dark (dd) and light (ll) and temperature in this species. using more frequent sampling points and new assay techniques, the present study showed that the melatonin rhythm persisted for at least 6 days at temperatures ... | 2006 | 16842536 |
| the influence of parasites on the retention of long-term partnerships in the australian sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa. | many studies have shown that potential partners are less likely to be chosen for mating if they are infected with parasites, although most of those studies have considered short-term choices. this paper shows that the australian sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa (scincoidea), retains long-term pair fidelity for up to 21 years. however, in some cases pairs separate, and abandoned males have significantly higher tick loads in their last year with their previous female partner than did males that retai ... | 2006 | 16133193 |
| calcium modulates the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the bobtail skink. | active processes in the inner ear of lizards can be monitored using spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (soae) measured outside the eardrum. in the australian bobtail lizard, soae are generated by an active motility process in the hair-cell bundle. this mechanism has been shown to be sensitive to the calcium-chelating agent 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid and is presumed to be related to the calcium-sensitive transduction-channel motor implicated in other nonmammalian hair ... | 2004 | 15102898 |
| ontogeny of the pulmonary surfactant and antioxidant enzyme systems in the viviparous lizard, tiliqua rugosa. | the antioxidant enzyme (aoe) system protects the lung from oxidative damage. the pulmonary surfactant (ps) system lowers the interfacial pressure within the lung, improving lung compliance and aiding lung clearance. in mammals, the aoe and ps systems develop in tandem during the final 10%-20% of gestation. here, we investigated the development of these systems in the viviparous skink, tiliqua rugosa. the content of total phospholipid (pl), disaturated phospholipid (dsp), and cholesterol (chol) i ... | 2006 | 12177829 |
| the influence of injected ac and dc currents on spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the bobtail lizard. | spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (soaes) are accepted as being indicators of an active process in the inner ear and have been observed in all groups of land vertebrates. previous studies have indicated that there may be more than one cellular substrate driving the active processes in different groups of vertebrates. to investigate the cellular substrate in non-mammals and to relate the findings to studies in mammalian ears, we injected ac and dc currents of amplitudes generally below 5 microa i ... | 2002 | 12162369 |
| infection dynamics of hemolivia mariae in the sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the blood parasite hemolivia mariae was experimentally transmitted to lizards under laboratory and field conditions. weekly blood samples from experimentally infected lizards were used to demonstrate the changes in composition of the different developmental stages of the parasite as infection progressed. the prepatent period and time to peak infection was longer for field-infected lizards compared to those held under laboratory conditions. infections in naturally infected field lizards had longe ... | 2001 | 11511004 |
| monogamy in lizards. | monogamy is relatively rarely reported in taxa other than birds. the reproductive system of many lizard species appears to involve multiple mating partners for both the male and the female. however, short-term monogamous relationships have been reported in some lizard species, either where the male defends a territory that is only occupied by a single adult female, or where males stay with females for a period of time after mating, apparently to guard against rival males. there are a few reporte ... | 2000 | 11074308 |
| thermocyclic entrainment of lizard blood plasma melatonin rhythms in constant and cyclic photic environments. | we assessed how chronic exposure to 6-h cryophase temperatures of 15 degrees c in an otherwise 33 degrees c environment entrains the rhythm of blood plasma melatonin rhythms in lizards (tiliqua rugosa) subjected to constant dark (dd), constant light (ll), and to 12:12-h light-dark cycles (12l:12d). the peak of the melatonin rhythm was entrained by the cryophase temperature of the thermocycle in dd and ll, irrespective of the time at which the cryophase temperature was applied. comparable thermoc ... | 1999 | 10600907 |
| evidence for orientation using the e-vector direction of polarised light in the sleepy lizard tiliqua rugosa | adult sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa) were trained to orient in a predictable direction under natural sky light in outdoor pens. when tested under clear skies in the late afternoon, without a view of the sun, the lizards exhibited a symmetrical bimodal pattern of orientation with respect to the trained axis. since the e-vector of polarised light provides an axial rather than a polar cue, the bimodal orientation exhibited by the lizards is consistent with the use of a celestial compass based on s ... | 1999 | 10101113 |
| daily and seasonal rhythms in selected body temperatures in the australian lizard tiliqua rugosa (scincidae): field and laboratory observations. | this study examined daily and seasonal activity and thermoregulatory behaviour of the sleepy lizard, tiliqua rugosa, a large, diurnally active temperate-dwelling australian lizard, in the field and laboratory. activity temperatures in the field were compared with those selected by lizards in laboratory thermal gradients in order to assess the extent to which endogenous versus exogenous factors contribute to seasonal variations in thermoregulatory behaviour. in the field, lizards are most active ... | 2006 | 9634177 |
| characterization of microsatellite loci from the socially monogamous lizard tiliqua rugosa using a pcr-based isolation technique. | | 1997 | 9262015 |
| vascularization of the pineal complex in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the vascularization of the pineal complex in the lizard tiliqua rugosa was investigated by vascular corrosion and latex casting techniques. the fine structure of the pineal capillaries was also studied by transmission electron microscopy. the pineal complex in t. rugosa consists of an elongated pineal gland proper and a separate, distinct parietal eye. the pineal complex derives an abundant blood supply from branches of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries. scanning electron microscopy of ... | 1993 | 8363056 |
| in vitro uterine contractions in the viviparous lizard tiliqua rugosa: effects of gestation and steroid pretreatment in vivo. | uterine contractility was investigated in the viviparous lizard tiliqua rugosa. arginine vasotocin (avt) induces rhythmic contractions in vitro in strips of uterine tissue from ovariectomized female t. rugosa. the strength of these contractions was related to the dosage of avt and reduced by pretreatment in vivo with both progesterone and estradiol-17 beta. the frequency of spontaneous and avt-induced contractions was enhanced by estradiol-17 beta pretreatment. the strength of avt-induced contra ... | 1992 | 1601269 |
| plasma arginine vasotocin, progesterone, and luteal development during pregnancy in the viviparous lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the relationship between plasma levels of arginine vasotocin (avt), progesterone, and corpus luteum formation and degeneration was studied in the viviparous lizard tiliqua rugosa. hormone levels were monitored in free-ranging, pregnant females which were located for sampling by means of attached radio transmitters. there was an increase in plasma avt levels in the 30 days immediately prior to parturition. concurrent with this event was a decline in plasma progesterone levels from relatively high ... | 1991 | 1874384 |
| thermoperiodic influences on plasma melatonin rhythms in the lizard tiliqua rugosa: effect of thermophase duration. | rhythms of plasma melatonin levels were determined in lizards (tiliqua rugosa) subjected to a 12 h photocycle (12 h light: 12 h dark) at constant 33 degrees c, and at 7 different thermoperiods (33 degrees c thermophase and 15 degrees c cryophase) whose thermophase duration ranged from 1.5 to 21 h. the melatonin secretion rate, as measured by the amplitude and duration of elevated melatonin levels and the area under the curve, was maximal at thermoperiods whose thermophase was between 9 and 18 h ... | 1991 | 2020370 |
| thermoperiod and photoperiod interact to affect the phase of the plasma melatonin rhythm in the lizard, tiliqua rugosa. | rhythms of plasma melatonin levels were determined in lizards (tiliqua rugosa) subjected to 6 h thermocycles (6 h, 33 degrees c thermophase; 18 h, 15 degrees c cryophase) placed at 4 different phases of a 12 h photocycle (12 h light: 12 h dark). the peak of the melatonin rhythm was either shifted at different rates, or inhibited by the light phase of the photocycle, depending upon the phase relationship between the thermocycle and the photocycle. the results indicate that the pineal organ of ect ... | 1989 | 2586818 |
| the in vitro biosynthesis of epitestosterone and testosterone from c19 steroid precursors in the testis of the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the metabolism of androgens in the testis of the lizard tiliqua rugosa has been studied in vitro by incubating cellular homogenates with radiolabeled c19-steroid substrates. the identification 17 beta-oxidoreductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase activities. aromatase, 5 alpha-reductase, and 17 alpha/beta-epimerase activities were not detected. the 17 alpha-oxidoreductase activity was temperature dependent (maximal at 32 degrees), while the 17 beta-oxidoreductase activity was ... | 1989 | 2806875 |
| retinal pigment epithelial fine structure in the bobtail goanna (tiliqua rugosa). | the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe), the choriocapillaris and bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) have been studied by light and electron microscopy in the bobtail goanna (tiliqua rugosa) an australian diurnal lizard. the rpe consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells which display very deep and tortuous basal (choroidal) infoldings as well as numerous apical (vitreal) processes which interdigitate with the photoreceptor cells. the lateral cell borders are relatively smooth and joined by bas ... | 1989 | 2520465 |
| fine structure of the conus papillaris in the bobtail goanna (tiliqua rugosa). | the structure of the conus papillaris in an australian lizard, the bobtail goanna (tiliqua rugosa) was investigated by light and electron microscopy. in this strongly diurnal species, the conus papillaris consists of a heavily vascularized and pigmented, finger-like structure about 1 mm in diameter and 3-4 mm in length. it is situated over the optic nerve head and projects into the vitreous chamber. within the conus are numerous capillaries and larger blood vessels, melanocytes and occasional ma ... | 1989 | 2520464 |
| photoreceptor fine structure in the bobtail goanna (tiliqua rugosa). | the fine structure of the retinal photoreceptors has been studied by light and electron microscopy in the bobtail goanna (tiliqua rugosa) an australian diurnal lizard. the photoreceptors in this species are readily divisible into rods or cones based on morphological criteria. single cones are the dominate cell type with a cone:rod ratio of about 80:1. no multiple photoreceptors were present nor was a photoreceptor mosiac observed. cones are large cells with a short, tapering outer segment. the i ... | 1989 | 2520463 |
| metabolism in lizards: low lactate turnover and advantages of heterothermy. | the bobtail lizard (tiliqua rugosa) encounters environmental temperatures that range from 7 to 40 degrees c. we have studied the effects of temperature on the whole-body turnover of glucose, lactate, and fatty acid. at 35 degrees c turnover rates of glucose and fatty acid account for the majority of o2 uptake and reflect the low metabolic rate of the bobtail compared with that of a mammal of equivalent mass. lactate turnover at rest is very low. the low rates of lactate production correlate with ... | 1987 | 3605392 |
| identification of testosterone sulfate in the plasma of the male lizard tiliqua rugosa. | plasma (solvolyzed and unsolvolyzed) from the male lizard tiliqua rugosa was analyzed using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and mass spectroscopy. hplc with electrochemical detection was also used to characterize ketosteroid conjugates. testosterone was identified in the solvolyzed plasma extract, and a compound corresponding to testosterone sulfate was detected in unsolvolyzed extracts. concentrations were approximately 500 nmol/liter in intact male plasma, le ... | 1987 | 3609707 |
| melatonin content of the pineal, parietal eye and blood plasma of the lizard, trachydosaurus rugosus: effect of constant and fluctuating temperature. | lizards acclimated to a light cycle accompanied by a thermocycle of 30 degrees c/15 degrees c had a more robust rhythm in pineal and plasma melatonin levels than those acclimated to constant 30 degrees c. at constant 15 degrees c, the melatonin rhythm was abolished entirely. a similar thermosensitivity in melatonin content was found in the parietal eye, indicating that this photoreceptive structure may also be capable of synthesising methoxyindoles. | 1987 | 3567574 |
| effect of temperature on the seasonal production of testicular androgens, in vitro, by the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the effect of temperature on the seasonal production of testicular androgens, in vitro, was examined in the scincid lizard tiliqua (trachydosaurus) rugosa. testicular tissue was incubated, in vitro, at various temperatures (18, 25, 32 and 37 degrees c). endogenous androgens, testosterone and epitestosterone, were measured by radioimmunoassay. epitestosterone production was maximal at 37 degrees c and minimal at 18 degrees c. there was no consistent effect of incubation temperature on testosteron ... | 1986 | 2878781 |
| usage pattern of the complex masticatory muscles in the shingleback lizard, trachydosaurus rugosus: a model for muscle placement. | this wide-ranging, omnivorous lizard of australia has a very complex adductor muscle mass, with fibers differing in length by a factor of three and in insertion angle by 90 degrees. stimulated muscles produce maximal moment with the mouth nearly fully open. the opening mechanism appears to involve only simple rotation and no translation of the mandible. emgs indicate that the entire mass is activated equivalently in crushing and there are no temporal subdivisions, for instance, matching activity ... | 1985 | 20726122 |
| morphological basis of the feeding mechanics in the shingle-back lizard trachydosaurus rugosus (scincidae, reptilia). | this report details certain morphological aspects of the feeding system of the lizard trachydosaurus rugosus, an opportunistic omnivore, as a first step toward a functional characterization of its masticatory system. the skull is relatively solid and internally well braced; its anterodorsal elements are tightly tied to the integument and covering osteoderms. there is potential for intracranial kinesis and streptostyly. at small gapes, mandibular movements seem to be restricted to relatively simp ... | 1984 | 6481809 |
| corticosteroids and control of nasal salt gland function in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | the scincid lizard tiliqua rugosa possesses a well-developed nasal gland composed of both mucoserous and salt-secreting cells. confusion over its secretory capacities (see h. saint- girons , m. lemire , and s. d. bradshaw, 1977, zoomorphologie 88, 277-288) has been resolved and nacl- and kcl-injected animals can secrete a hyperosmotic fluid with an f/p ratio of about 3.6. the concentration of na+ in the secretion varied from a mean of 434 mmol/liter when sodium loaded to 167 mmol/liter when pota ... | 1984 | 6735149 |
| the distribution and ultrastructure of sensory elements in the baroreceptor region of the truncus arteriosus of the lizard trachydosaurus rugosus. | the proximal truncus arteriosus of the lizard trachydosaurus rugosus was studied with light-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopical techniques. three vessels comprised the truncus; the pulmonary, left aortic, and carotico-aortic arteries. right and left truncal nerves, each derived from the ipsilateral vagus nerve, innervated the truncus, particularly its proximal 3 mm. ultrastructurally, the nerves had a variety of appearances: some were clearly adrenergic, c-type or p-type. a number of prof ... | 1982 | 7127435 |
| [histophysiology of the pars distalis of tiliqua rugosa (reptilia: scincidae) and the role of the gamma cells (author's transl)]. | a histological study of the pars distalis of the lizard tiliqua rugosa following a variety of experimental treatments revealed the presence of only five cell types. castration or ovariectomy was followed by hypertrophy and degranulation of the beta (b2) cells and, to a lesser degree, the delta cells (b1), and a slight degranulation of the gamma cells (b3), and a net activation of the thyroid gland with a slight hypertrophy of the adrenals. systemic injections of the enzymatic inhibitor metopiron ... | 1981 | 7325654 |
| plasma melatonin in the scincid lizard, trachydosaurus rugosus: diel rhythm, seasonality, and the effect of constant light and constant darkness. | | 1979 | 456884 |
| seasonal variation in steroid biosynthesis by the testis of the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | 1. seasonal change in the biosynthesis of androgens by testicular tissue from a scincid lizard tiliqua rugosa has been studied in vitro using [7-3h]pregnenolone and [4-14c]progesterone as substrates. 2. evidence is presented for the synthesis of epitestosterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 20 beta-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. 3. epitestosterone was the major conversion product. its yield was highest (68%) during summer ... | 1978 | 318287 |
| in vitro steroidogenesis by the nonzoned adrenocortical tissue of the skink, tiliqua rugosa. | | 1975 | 1181246 |
| seasonal changes in 17 beta-hydroxysteroids in the plasma of a male lizard (tiliqua rugosa). | | 1975 | 1122732 |
| the vagal and sympathetic innervation of the heart of the lizard tiliqua rugosa. | | 1971 | 5119763 |
| seasonal changes in testicular function of the viviparous lizard tiliqua rugosa (gray). | | 1971 | 5539105 |
| toxic time bombs: frequent detection of anticoagulant rodenticides in urban reptiles at multiple trophic levels. | anticoagulant rodenticides (ars) are regularly used around the world to control pest mammals. second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (sgars) are highly persistent in biological tissue and have a high potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification. consequently, exposure and poisoning of non-target organisms has been frequently documented, especially in countries with unregulated ar sales and usage. most of this research has focussed on rodent-predators, usually raptors and predatory ma ... | 2020 | 32247128 |
| plio-pleistocene diversification and biogeographic barriers in southern australia reflected in the phylogeography of a widespread and common lizard species. | palaeoclimatic events and biogeographical processes since the mid-tertiary have played an important role in shaping the evolution and distribution of australian fauna. however, their impacts on fauna in southern and arid zone regions of australia are not well understood. here we investigate the phylogeography of an australian scincid lizard, tiliqua rugosa, across southern australia using mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and 11 nuclear dna markers (nudna), including nine anonymous nuclear loci. phyloge ... | 2019 | 30553880 |
| acroeimeria lineri (mcallister, upton, freed, 1988) paperna and landsberg, 1989 in mediterranean geckos (hemidactylus turcicus): oocyst morphometrics, endogenous developmental stages, and molecular sequencing support its placement into acroeimeria. | between june 2016 and june 2019, we surveyed 62 mediterranean geckos, hemidactylus turcicus, from abu rawash, giza, egypt, for the presence of endoparasites. in june 2016, we found 3 individuals to be infected with eimeria lineri. we studied the morphology and inner structures of its sporulated oocysts, and the locations of its intestinal endogenous stages. we also extracted genomic dna from these sporulated oocysts and successfully sequenced a 632-bp fragment of the 18s rrna gene. phylogenetic ... | 2020 | 33065739 |
| do lizards have enhanced inhibition? a test in two species differing in ecology and sociobiology. | waiting for the right moment to strike, avoiding the ingestion of harmful foods, or ignoring stimuli associated with ephemeral or depleted resources requires the inhibition of prepotent responses. good response inhibition facilities flexibility in behaviour which is associated with survival in unpredictable environments. to investigate differences in behavioural flexibility in lizards, we tested reversal learning in the sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa asper) and compared its performance to the rel ... | 2020 | 31953131 |
| hemipenial morphology of nine south american species of mabuya (scincidae: lygosominae) with comments on the morphology of the family. | species of the genus mabuya are barely recognizable because of their highly conservative external morphology, resulting in unstable systematic and taxonomic status. considering that hemipenial morphology has been extensively used as a source of systematic information for several groups of squamata, we described the hemipenial morphology of nine species of mabuya, searching for diagnostic features useful to taxonomic and systematic studies. to have comparative parameters within the family, we als ... | 2020 | 31815369 |