| purification and partial characterization of high and low activity carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes from malaclemys terrapin centrata. | 1. high activity (ca c) and low activity (ca b) carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes have been purified from turtle erythrocytes. 2. the two isoenzymes differed in co2 hydration specific activity by 36-fold. 3. the low activity isoenzyme contained one half-cystine residue, whereas the high activity isoenzyme contained four half-cystines and required a reducing environment to maintain activity. both isoenzymes contained zinc. 4. molecular weights of 28,500 and 30,400 daltons were established for the low ... | 1979 | 122575 |
| [conditions for maintaining a natural focus of tick-borne spirochetosis in southern tadzhikistan]. | the spontaneous infection of b. latyshevi population of o. tartakovskyi and its hosts in the foothill zone of southern tadjikistan was studied. a great part of the horsfield's terrapin unsusceptible to the spirochaete in the feeding of the tick's population was established. the foci is apparently maintained on account of the rising number of the redtailed libyan jird. in years of the depression of rodents number the main part in the preservation of the infection belongs to the ticks. | 1976 | 133321 |
| diseases of chelonians: (2) necropsy survey of terrapins and turtles. | a total of 122 terrapins (freshwater chelonians) of 36 species and seven turtles (marine chelonians) represented by three species, all of which had died in captivity, were necropsied. in terrapins, bacterial infections were a common cause of death (15.5 per cent). although salmonella infections appear to be less common in great britain than in the usa, terrapins are a potentially important source of infection to humans. fungal infections amounted to only 3.3 per cent. nutritional disorders, espe ... | 1978 | 749320 |
| salmonella infection in dogs, cats, tortoises and terrapins. | | 1975 | 1096443 |
| salmonella excretion by terrapins and the associated hazard to human health. | the isolation of salmonella java (phage type worksop) from the water of a terrapin tank is described. two terrapins excreted the organism throughout a nine month observation period. attention is drawn to recent reports of human illness associated with these animals kept as domestic pets. | 1975 | 1114641 |
| salmonella arizonae in the united kingdom from 1966 to 1990. | salmonella arizonae are rarely isolated in the uk. since 1966 there have been sixty-six isolates from humans of whom 35% gave a recent history of foreign travel. terrapins and snakes are potential sources of infection. | 1992 | 1547841 |
| salmonella in terrapins. | | 1991 | 1801411 |
| salmonella in terrapins. | | 1991 | 1926735 |
| enteric pathogens in tropical aquaria. | a total of 100 tropical aquaria from six pet shops were sampled for the presence of salmonella, campylobacter and aeromonas species. eight fish tanks contained unusual serotypes of salmonella. none had been used to house terrapins. one hundred and three isolates of aeromonas species were obtained from 98 tanks. one tank contained plesiomonas shigelloides. no campylobacter species were isolated. it is suggested that a tropical aquarium may constitute an infection hazard. | 1987 | 3428370 |
| aminoacids and oscillatory electrocortical activity. | the effects of the local application of glutamate, aspartate, glycine, gaba and dl-alanine were studied upon the intact and isolated cortices of barbiturate anesthetized cats and upon the intact cortex of similarly anesthetized terrapin turtles. repetitive responses following the dcr's, and the strychnine spikes, were observed, and sometimes a long duration oscillatory regular activity appeared after the treatment with those aminoacids. the oscillations had a frequency similar to that of the wav ... | 1986 | 3577805 |
| observations on the structure of two human 7sk pseudogenes and on homologous transcripts in vertebrate species. | a comparison of the sequence of two human 7sk rna pseudogenes, covering approx. 190 and 240 base-pairs of the structural gene, is presented. both repeated elements are flanked by direct repeats and begin at the 5' end of the gene. each terminates approx. 90 base-pairs short of the 3' end, the latter representing a continuous sequence and the former carrying an internal deletion of about 40 base-pairs, this region being flanked in the progenitor gene by short repeated sequences. southern blotting ... | 1987 | 3663152 |
| salmonella excretion by pet terrapins. | | 1969 | 5258225 |
| tortoises, terrapins and turtles. | | 1969 | 5391105 |
| salmonella in tortoises and terrapins. | | 1967 | 6070964 |
| a comparative study of neurotensin inactivation by brain peptidases from different vertebrate species. | the products formed from mammalian neurotensin by peptidases in two subcellular fractions from rat, mouse, dove, terrapin and goldfish brain were separated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. the main neurotensin metabolites were [1-8]-, [1-10]- and [1-7]-sequences; goldfish and terrapin brain fractions also produced [1-11]- and [1-12]-fragments. avian neurotensin was cleaved by peptidases in rat and dove brain fractions to [1-8]-, [9-13]-, [1-10]- and [1-12]-fragments. ... | 1984 | 6144444 |
| effects of synthetic mammalian thyrotrophin releasing hormone, somatostatin and dopamine on the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone from amphibian and reptilian pituitary glands incubated in vitro. | pituitary glands of grassfrog (rana pipiens), bullfrog (rana catesbeiana), clawed toad (xenopus laevis) and two species of terrapin (chrysemys picta and pseudemys scripta) were incubated in medium containing hypothalamic extract (he), thyrotrophin releasing hormone (trh), somatostatin, dopamine, or combinations of these treatments. prolactin and gh concentrations in the medium were determined by densitometry after polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic separation. hypothalamic extract stimulated sec ... | 1984 | 6146654 |
| the occurrence of neurons with strongly negatively charged surface coats in mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian and piscine brains. | neurons with strongly negatively charged surface coats were recognized in mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian and piscine brains. many large-sized neurons had strongly negatively charged surface coats in the visual cortex and brain stem of the cow, cat, guinea pig, mouse, quail and parakeet. such neurons were also seen in the brain stem of the lower vertebrates such as the house lizard, japanese terrapin, bullfrog, newt, carp and sweetfish. | 1994 | 7817774 |
| risk assessment, life history strategies, and turtles: could declines be prevented or predicted? | the process of ecological risk assessment should involve the ability to predict adverse outcomes of particular environmental contaminants or human intrusions. ecological risk assessment generally focuses on populations, communities, and ecosystems, rather than on individual health. we explore the importance of life history strategies of aquatic turtles to their risk from environmental contaminants and other human activities using three examples: the wood turtle clemmys insculpta, a freshwater sp ... | 1995 | 8523473 |
| embryonic brain-gonadal axis in temperature-dependent sex determination of reptiles: a role for p450 aromatase (cyp19). | sex determination in egg-laying amniotes may be fundamentally different from that of placental mammals. the mammalian ovary differentiates normally in the absence of estrogen, whereas estrogen seems to be crucial for proper ovarian development in birds, reptiles, and lower vertebrates. estrogens are produced normally by the biosynthetic conversion of androgens by the enzyme aromatase (cyp19), which is the sole mediator of this reaction. aromatase inhibitors are capable of reversing females to ma ... | 1998 | 9662830 |
| isolation of fecal coliform bacteria from the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin centrata). | total and fecal coliform bacteria were isolated from the cloaca and feces of the estuarine diamondback terrapin. the majority of samples contained fecal coliforms. escherichia coli was the predominant fecal coliform species isolated, and members of the genus salmonella were isolated from 2 of 39 terrapins. fecal coliform numbers are used to regulate shellfish harvests, and diamondback terrapins inhabit the brackish-water habitats where oyster beds are found; therefore, these findings have implic ... | 1999 | 9925633 |
| salmonella tel-el-kebir and terrapins. | an outbreak of salmonella tel-el-kebir occurring over a 6-month period is described in this report. this is the first outbreak of s. tel-el-kebir in the reported literature. | 1999 | 10424799 |
| inhibitors of glutathione s-transferases as therapeutic agents. | glutathione s-transferases (gst) are a family of phase ii detoxification enzymes with broad substrate specificities. they catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with many different types of xenobiotics, rendering the compound more water soluble and thus more easily eliminated. resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, such as the alkylating agents, has been directly correlated with the overexpression of gsts. subsequently, a rationale has been established to utilize agents that inhibit gst i ... | 1997 | 10837536 |
| major and c-series gangliosides in lenticular tissues: mammals to molluscs. | gangliosides of eye lenses were examined in mammals (rat, rabbits, pig, cow), bird (chicken), reptile (terrapin), amphibian (bullfrog), bony fish (red sea bream, bluefin tuna, bonito, pacific mackerel) and molluscs (common squid, pacific octopus). besides the fact that gm3 was the common ganglioside species, the composition of major gangliosides in mammalian eye lenses significantly differed from each other. while gangliotetraose gangliosides were abundant in rat eye lens, they did not constitut ... | 2001 | 11567893 |
| a trophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production. | nutrient supply is widely thought to regulate primary production of many ecosystems including salt marshes. however, experimental manipulation of the dominant marsh grazer (the periwinkle, littoraria irrorata) and its consumers (e.g., blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, terrapins, malaclemys terrapin) demonstrates plant biomass and production are largely controlled by grazers and their predators. periwinkle grazing can convert one of the most productive grasslands in the world into a barren mudflat ... | 2002 | 12149475 |
| population genetics of the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin). | we examined the population genetic structure of the diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin), within and among estuaries. based on mark-recapture studies, these estuarine turtles have high site fidelity that is likely to make them vulnerable to local extinctions. we tested if observed site fidelity of adults would be reflected in intraestuarine population genetic structure of six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci (five tetranucleotide and one dinucleotide). no evidence was found for popu ... | 2005 | 15723664 |
| go east: phylogeographies of mauremys caspica and m. rivulata- discordance of morphology, mitochondrial and nuclear genomic markers and rare hybridization. | in recent years many cases of hybridization and introgression became known for chelonians, requiring a better understanding of their speciation mechanisms. phylogeographic investigations offer basic data for this challenge. we use the sister species mauremys caspica and m. rivulata, the most abundant terrapins in the near and middle east and south-east europe, as model. their phylogeographies provide evidence that speciation of chelonians fits the allopatric speciation model, with both species b ... | 2008 | 18179513 |
| first reported case of turtle deaths during a toxic microcystis spp. bloom in lake oubeira, algeria. | microcystins analysis was conducted in field cyanobacterial bloom samples and dead terrapin tissues from lake oubeira (algeria) with an aim of studying the cause of the mortality of the freshwater terrapin species emys orbicularis and mauremys leprosa during october 2005. the deaths of these two terrapin species were observed during a bloom of microcystis spp. the total microcystin content per phytoplankton biomass evaluated with the methanol extraction-protein phosphatase methodology was 1.12 m ... | 2008 | 18234335 |
| effects of honeydew-producing hemipteran denial on local argentine ant distribution and boric acid bait performance. | the argentine ant is well known for its affinity for honeydew and is often associated with hemipteran outbreaks in agricultural and urban environments. it has been suggested that argentine ants may be controlled by restricting access to honeydew, thereby forcing the ants to move or by encouraging increased liquid toxicant intake. we tested this possible control strategy by restricting argentine ant access to the honeydew-producing terrapin scale within the canopy of red maple trees and monitorin ... | 2009 | 19610434 |
| biological risks associated with consumption of reptile products. | the consumption of a wide variety of species of reptiles caught from the wild has been an important source of protein for humans world-wide for millennia. terrapins, snakes, lizards, crocodiles and iguanas are now farmed and the consumption and trade of their meat and other edible products have recently increased in some areas of the world. biological risks associated with the consumption of products from both farmed and wild reptile meat and eggs include infections caused by bacteria (salmonell ... | 2009 | 19679367 |
| evidence for urea-induced hypometabolism in isolated organs of dormant ectotherms. | many organisms endure extended periods of dormancy by depressing their metabolism, which effectively prolongs the use of their endogenous energy stores. though the mechanisms of hypometabolism are varied and incompletely understood, recent work suggests that urea accumulation in autumn and early winter contributes to reduced metabolism of hibernating wood frogs (rana sylvatica). urea accumulation during dormancy is a widespread phenomenon, and it has long been presumed that numerous species from ... | 2010 | 19739087 |
| 4th european antibody congress 2008: december 1-3, 2008, geneva, switzerland. | the fourth european antibody meeting, organized by terrapin ltd., was held in geneva, a center of the european biopharmaceutical industry. merck-serono, novimmune, pierre fabre and therapeomic are located nearby, as are r&d centers of boehringer-ingelheim, novartis, roche and sanofi-aventis. over 40 speakers and more than 200 delegates attended the event. companies represented included abbott, ablynx, adnexus/ bms, astra-zeneca/ cat/ medimmune, biogenidec, biorad, centocor (johnson & johnson), c ... | 2009 | 20061813 |
| combined effect of hemipteran control and liquid bait on argentine ant populations. | the invasive argentine ant, linepithema humile (mayr), has become a worldwide problem capable of inflicting significant ecological and economic injury on urban, agricultural, and natural environments. the mobility of this pest ant has long been noted, rapidly moving nests to new food resources and then away as resources are depleted. this ant, like many pest ant species, has a special affinity for honeydew excreted by phloem-feeding hemiptera. we investigated the effect of various hemipteran con ... | 2010 | 21061981 |
| terrapin muscle afferents studied by cord dorsum potential analyses. | rostro-caudal ramification of terrapin hindlimb afferent nerves have been studied by cord dorsum potential analyses. stimulation of muscle and cutaneous nerves evoke different waveforms, related to the difference in fibre diameter spectra. afferents of small muscles enter the cord through one spinal nerve, while afferents of large muscles are connected to the cord by up to four spinal roots. in their entrance segment muscle afferents bifurcate into branches extending in rostral and caudal direct ... | 2009 | 2863056 |
| the coding of sound pressure and frequency in cochlear hair cells of the terrapin. | intracellular recordings have been made from single hair cells in the cochlea of the terrapin, and the site of recording has been verified by injection of a fluorescent dye through the recording electrode. a hair cell gives periodic voltage responses graded with the intensity and frequency of the sound stimulus, and produces the largest response at its characteristic frequency. when small current steps are injected through the recording electrode, the voltage response of the cell exhibits damped ... | 2001 | 33392 |
| [celiotomy in tortoises: remedy of choice for dystocia (laying distress) and gastrointestinal foreign bodies]. | the radiological findings regarding eggs (variation in form, size, shell thickness, degree of calcification) combined with the clinical symptoms (ca-gluconate and oxytocin application as well as unsuccessful labour contractions and constipation) set up the diagnosis of dystocia in the tortoise. celiotomy is the remedy for cesarean section, ovariosalpingotomy and gastrointestinal foreign body. a large, topographically well-placed plastron incision, separation and reposition of the m. pectoralis a ... | 2009 | 2683058 |
| prevalence of antibodies against leptospira sp. in snakes, lizards and turtles in slovenia. | leptospiral infections in poikilothermic (cold blooded) animals have received very little attention and the literature concerning natural infections of these animals is limited. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of leptospiral antibodies in reptiles, imported into slovenia and intended to be pets in close contact with humans. a total of 297 reptiles (22 snakes, 210 lizards and 65 turtles) were tested for specific antibodies against serovars of leptospira interrogans sensu str ... | 2013 | 24020619 |
| 7th annual european antibody congress 2011: november 29-december 1, 2011, geneva, switzerland. | the 7th european antibody congress (eac), organized by terrapin ltd., was again held in geneva, switzerland, following on the tradition established with the 4th eac. the 2011 version of the eac was attended by nearly 250 delegates who learned of the latest advances and trends in the global development of antibody-based therapeutics. the first day focused on advances in understanding structure-function relationships, choosing the best format, glycoengineering biobetter antibodies, improving the e ... | 2012 | 22453093 |
| infant botulism due to c. butyricum type e toxin: a novel environmental association with pet terrapins. | we describe two cases of infant botulism due to clostridium butyricum producing botulinum type e neurotoxin (bont/e) and a previously unreported environmental source. the infants presented at age 11 days with poor feeding and lethargy, hypotonia, dilated pupils and absent reflexes. faecal samples were positive for c. butyricum bont/e. the infants recovered after treatment including botulism immune globulin intravenous (big-iv). c. butyricum bont/e was isolated from water from tanks housing pet ' ... | 2015 | 25306863 |
| levisunguis subaequalis n. g., n. sp., a tongue worm (pentastomida: porocephalida: sebekidae) infecting softshell turtles, apalone spp. (testudines: trionychidae) in the southeastern united states. | a new tongue worm (pentastomida) belonging to the sebekidae sambon, 1922 (porocephaloidea sambon, 1922) is described based on exemplars collected from softshell terrapins apalone spinifera aspera (agassiz) and apalone ferox (schneider) in the southeastern united states; a new genus is erected to accommodate the new species. the new species belongs in the sebekidae because adults possess four simple hooks arranged in a trapezoid pattern on the ventral surface of the cephalothorax, a mouth opening ... | 2014 | 24395574 |
| a morphological study of the principal and accessory abducens nuclei in the caspian terrapin (mauremys caspica). | the location of principal and accessory motoneurons and principal interneurons of the nucleus abducens was determined in the caspian terrapin (mauremys caspica) by means of horseradish peroxidase histochemical tracing. enzyme injections were made into the ipsilateral lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles and into the contralateral oculomotor nucleus. labeled principal abducens motoneurons formed a cluster of cells in the rhombencephalon, under the ivth ventricle and adjacent to the medial l ... | 1993 | 8431756 |
| the localization of vagal neurons in the terrapin (trionyx sinensis) as revealed by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase method. | after the application of horseradish peroxidase in nonidet p40 solution to the right cervical vagus in the terrapin, the neurons giving origin to efferent fibers and the transganglionic sensory fibres are labeled. the neurons forming the vagus nerve at the mid-cervical level are located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmx), in the nucleus ambiguus (na), in an area located ventral to the dmx, and less definitely in the nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve. the dmx and na neurons ... | 1984 | 6512177 |
| the distribution of motoneurons innervating hindlimb muscles in the terrapin pseudemys scripta elegans. | the distribution of motoneurons innervating a number of hindlimb muscles in the spinal cord of the terrapin pseudemys scripta elegans was studied by means of intramuscularly injected horseradish peroxidase (hrp). it appeared that motoneurons innervating knee extensors were localized more rostrally in the spinal cord than those innervating knee flexors and hip retractors. muscles on the dorsal side of the limb were positioned more ventrally in the ventral horn compared to motoneurons innervating ... | 1982 | 7070704 |
| the sulfatides and some histochemical correlations of the lachrymal glands involved in salt secretion in chelonia. | high concentrations of sulfolipids (four fractions having different hexose/sulfate ratio), intense enzyme activity (atpase, oxoreductases) and evidence of mucines (staining with pas and alcian blue) in intercellular spaces were found in the lachrymal glands of caretta caretta and malaclemys terrapin adapted to sea water. in addition, the supranuclear region of the gland cells in malaclemys terrapin is filled with mucin granules. these biochemical and histochemical observations indicate that thes ... | 1976 | 131177 |
| physiological responses to freezing in hatchlings of freeze-tolerant and -intolerant turtles. | freeze tolerance is a complex cold-hardiness adaptation that has independently evolved in a diverse group of organisms, including several ectothermic vertebrates. because little is known about the mechanistic basis for freeze tolerance in reptiles, we compared responses to experimental freezing in winter-acclimatized hatchlings representing nine taxa of temperate north american turtles, including ones that tolerated freezing and others that did not. viability rates of hatchlings frozen to -3 deg ... | 2006 | 16758216 |
| anoxia tolerance and freeze tolerance in hatchling turtles. | freezing survival in hatchling turtles may be limited by ischemic anoxia in frozen tissues and the associated accumulation of lactate and reactive oxygen species (ros). to determine whether mechanisms for coping with anoxia are also important in freeze tolerance, we examined the association between capacities for freezing survival and anoxia tolerance in hatchlings of seven species of turtles. tolerance to freezing (-2.5 degrees c) was high in emydoidea blandingii, chrysemys picta, terrapene orn ... | 2005 | 15739066 |
| expression of p450(arom) in malaclemys terrapin and chelydra serpentina: a tale of two sites. | the formation of estrogens from androgens in all vertebrates is catalyzed by the "aromatase" complex, which consists of a membrane bound p(450) enzyme, p(450) aromatase (which binds the androgen substrate and inserts an oxygen into the molecule), and a flavoprotein (nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase). among vertebrates, the two major sites of aromatase expression are the brain and gonads. given the importance of estrogen in reptile sex determination, we set out to examine whether p450arom was invo ... | 2001 | 11748616 |
| biomechanics of turtle shells: how whole shells fail in compression. | turtle shells are a form of armor that provides varying degrees of protection against predation. although this function of the shell as armor is widely appreciated, the mechanical limits of protection and the modes of failure when subjected to breaking stresses have not been well explored. we studied the mechanical properties of whole shells and of isolated bony tissues and sutures in four species of turtles (trachemys scripta, malaclemys terrapin, chrysemys picta, and terrapene carolina) using ... | 2013 | 23203474 |
| effects of hypothalamic extract and steroids on the secretion of prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone by the pituitary gland of the terrapin (chrysemys picta) in vitro. | | 1978 | 624882 |
| proceedings: control of prolactin secretion in the terrapin (chrysemys picta). | | 1975 | 812938 |
| nuclear organization and morphology of serotonergic neurons in the brain of the nile crocodile, crocodylus niloticus. | the present study describes the location and nuclear organization of the serotonergic system in a representative of the order crocodylia, the nile crocodile (crocodylus niloticus). we found evidence for serotonergic neurons in three regions of the brain, including the diencephalon, rostral and caudal brainstem, as previously reported in several other species of reptile. within the diencephalon we found neurons in the periventricular organ of the hypothalamus, but not in the infundibular recess a ... | 2008 | 17923387 |
| check-list of the pentastomid parasites crocodilians and freshwater chelonians. | based on published records and own data a summary is given of the geographical distribution of the currently known species of pentastomid parasites infecting crocodiles and alligators, as well as freshwater chelonians. a brief generic diagnosis is provided for each genus. fourteen out of the currently 23 living crocodilian species have been recorded as being host to one or more pentastomes. out of the 32 pentastome species six are considered species inquirendae. presently, six genera of crocodil ... | 2006 | 16715876 |
| haemogregarines from western palaearctic freshwater turtles (genera emys, mauremys) are conspecific with haemogregarina stepanowi danilewsky, 1885. | the majority of haemogregarina species have been based on the morphology of their erythrocytic stages and supposed strict host specificity. the quantity of species with a limited number of overlapping diagnostic traits has led to a considerable mess in haemogregarine taxonomy and significant synonymy. we analysed host specificity, intra- and interspecific variability, evolutionary relationships, and the distribution of the type species of the genus haemogregarina--h. stepanowi. the morphology of ... | 2014 | 24476992 |
| [calcium-binding proteins and metabolic activity in thalamotelencephalic parts of the turtle visual system]. | distribution of three calcium-binding proteins (cabpr) calbindin (cb), calretinin (cr) and parvalbumin (pv) in parallel with metabolic activity (cytochrome oxidase, co) was studied in telencephalic projection zones of the tecto- and thalamofugal visual pathways in experiments on the horsfield's terrapin testudo horsfieldi and the pond turtle emys orbicularis. it was shown that the nucleus rotundus (rot) and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (gld) terminal fields in both zones (dorsolateral regio ... | 2013 | 22827028 |
| proterometra epholkos sp. n. (digenea: azygiidae) from terrapin creek, alabama, usa: molecular characterization of life cycle, redescription of proterometra albacauda, and updated lists of host and geographic locality records for proterometra spp. in north america. | proterometra epholkos sp. n. asexually reproduces in the stream dwelling prosobranch, elimia cf. modesta (cerithioidea: pleuroceridae) and infects the buccal cavity epithelium of spotted bass, micropterus punctulatus (perciformes: centrarchidae) in the coosa river (terrapin creek; n33°51'36.56″, w85°31'28.15″; cleburne county, alabama, usa). we characterize cercariae and adults of the new species using morphology and molecular sequence data and redescribe its morphologically similar congener pro ... | 2015 | 25240698 |
| detection of leptospira spp. in wild phrynops geoffroanus (geoffroy's side-necked turtle) in urban environment. | leptospira spp., a zoonotic agent relevant for public health, occurs frequently in tropical regions. the aquatic environment represents a viable survival and transmission pathway. this study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-leptospira spp. antibodies in phrynops geoffroanus (geoffroy's side-necked turtle) serum samples using the microagglutination test (mat), and leptospira spp. in gastric and cloacal lavage samples using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. antibodies against ... | 2016 | 27575969 |
| description of pelonia africana n. g., n. sp. (pentastomida: sebekidae) from the lungs of pelomedusa subrufa and pelusios sinuatus (chelonia) in south africa. | the terrapins pelomedusa subrufa and pelusios sinuatus taken from a water reservoir in the northern province, south africa, were examined for pentastome infections. two immature specimens, a patent female and a mature male, were obtained from the lungs of four hosts, each of which harboured a single specimen. based on the morphology of the specimens the new monospecific genus, pelonia africana n. g., n. sp., is described. it is characterized by smooth, dorsally convex hooks with sharply bent bla ... | 2002 | 12092778 |
| metabolism of parathion and brain cholinesterase inhibition in aroclor 1254-treated and untreated caspian terrapin (mauremys caspica rivulata, emydidae, chelonia) in comparison with two species of wild birds. | the mean level of pcb residues in the liver of the caspian turtle collected in nature was 23 ppm, or approximately 20-fold greater than that detected in the two bird species tested. treatment of the turtles with aroclor 1254 resulted in a 30-fold increase in the level of pcb residues in the liver but did not cause any increase in the content of cytochrome p-450 and the desulfurase activity of this hemoprotein. the ki value for acetylcholinesterase inhibition by paraoxon in brain homogenate of th ... | 1983 | 6138207 |
| turtles as a possible reservoir of nontyphoidal salmonella in shanghai, china. | terrapins and turtles are known to transmit salmonella to humans. however, little was known about the occurrence of this pathogen in soft-shelled terrapin that is a popular delicacy in chinese and other east asian cuisines. we isolated and characterized 82 (24.4%) isolates of salmonella from 336 fecal samples of soft-shelled terrapins (51 of 172; 29.7%) and pet turtles (31 of 164; 18.9%) in shanghai. salmonella thompson was the most common serotype (17.1%) among others. many isolates (84.1%) wer ... | 2016 | 27267492 |
| disease screening in southern river terrapins ( batagur affinis edwardmolli) in cambodia. | southern river terrapins ( batagur affinis) are among the most critically endangered turtles in the world. to augment the cambodia population, a head-start program was established for the endemic subspecies batagur affinis edwardmolli in 2006, and in 2015, prerelease health assessments were performed on 70 subadults (hatch years, 2006-2011). combined choanal/cloacal swab samples ( n = 70) were collected and screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for mycoplasma, herpesvirus, and ranavirus. c ... | 2017 | 29297823 |
| tissue uptake, distribution and excretion of brevetoxin-3 after oral and intratracheal exposure in the freshwater turtle trachemys scripta and the diamondback terrapin malaclemys terrapin. | harmful algal blooms (habs) occur nearly annually off the west coast of florida and can impact both humans and wildlife, resulting in morbidity and increased mortality of marine animals including sea turtles. the key organism in florida red tides is the dinoflagellate karenia brevis that produces a suite of potent neurotoxins referred to as the brevetoxins (pbtx). despite recent mortality events and rehabilitation efforts, still little is known about how the toxin directly impacts sea turtles, a ... | 2017 | 28363127 |
| spatiotemporal analysis of gene flow in chesapeake bay diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin). | there is widespread concern regarding the impacts of anthropogenic activities on connectivity among populations of plants and animals, and understanding how contemporary and historical processes shape metapopulation dynamics is crucial for setting appropriate conservation targets. we used genetic data to identify population clusters and quantify gene flow over historical and contemporary time frames in the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin). this species has a long and complicated histor ... | 2015 | 26518618 |
| introduced delicacy or native species? a natural origin of bermudian terrapins supported by fossil and genetic data. | humans have greatly altered the natural distribution of species, making it difficult to distinguish between natural and introduced populations. this is a problem for conservation efforts because native or introduced status can determine whether a species is afforded protection or persecuted as an invasive pest. holocene colonization events are especially difficult to discern, particularly when the species in question is a naturally good disperser and widely transported by people. in this study, ... | 2008 | 18270164 |
| metals in tissues of diamondback terrapin from new jersey. | relatively little is known about contaminants in reptiles, particularly turtles. the distribution of metals in eggs, liver and muscle of diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) was examined from barnegat bay, new jersey as part of an aquatic study to understand movement of contaminants in the bay. lead and cadmium were relatively low in all tissues. there were significant differences among tissues for all metals, except lead. where there were significant differences, levels were highest in th ... | 2002 | 12194415 |
| metabolic rates are elevated and influenced by maternal identity during the early, yolk-dependent, post-hatching period in an estuarine turtle, the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin). | non-genetic maternal effects, operating through a female's physiology or behavior, can influence offspring traits and performance. here we examined potential maternal influences on metabolic rates (mr) of offspring in an estuarine turtle, the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin). females and their eggs were collected from the field and the eggs incubated in the laboratory for subsequent measurement of mr of females, late-stage embryos, newly-hatched individuals that were nutritionally depe ... | 2017 | 27894885 |
| redescription of diesingia megastoma (diesing, 1836) sambon, 1922, a pentastomid parasite from the south american terrapin hydromedusa tectifera cope. | slide-mounted material of the pentastomid parasite diesingia megastoma (diesing, 1836) sambon, 1922 from the south american chelonian hydromedusa tectifera cope is reviewed and the perfunctory, often omissive, description of the species is amended. the strong morphological similarities between d. megastoma and the crocodilian and chelonian pentastome genera of the family sebekiidae sambon, 1922, alofia giglioli, 1922, selfia riley, 1994, sebekia sambon, 1922, agema riley, hill & huchzermeyer, 19 ... | 2003 | 14707507 |
| tracking the southern river terrapin (batagur affinis) through environmental dna: prospects and challenges. | environmental dna detection has emerged as a powerful tool to monitor aquatic species without the need for capture or visual identification and is particularly useful for rare or elusive species. our objective was to develop an edna approach for detecting the southern river terrapin (batagur affinis) in malaysia. we designed species-specific primers for a fragment of b. affinis mtdna and evaluated their effectiveness in silico, in vitro and in situ. the primers amplified 110 bp of the cytochrome ... | 2017 | 28885060 |
| turtle soup, prohibition, and the population genetic structure of diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin). | diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin) were a popular food item in early twentieth century america, and were consumed in soup with sherry. intense market demand for terrapin meat resulted in population declines, notably along the atlantic seaboard. efforts to supply terrapins to markets resulted in translocation events, as individuals were moved about to stock terrapin farms. however, in 1920 the market for turtle soup buckled with the enactment of the eighteenth amendment to the united sta ... | 2017 | 28792964 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasite mixed infections in spanish terrapins, mauremys leprosa. | blood parasites such as haemogregarines and haemosporidians have been identified in almost all groups of vertebrates and may cause serious damages to their hosts. however, very little is known about biodiversity of these parasites and their effects on some groups of reptiles such as terrapins. moreover, the information on virulence from blood parasites mixed infection is largely unknown in reptiles. with this aim, we investigated for the first time the prevalence and genetic diversity of blood p ... | 2017 | 28641604 |
| the use of silver amalgam for treatment of shell ulcerations in turtles: 60 cases. | shell ulcers were diagnosed based on clinical appearance in 60 turtles. under general anaesthesia, surgical curettage was performed using a burr mounted on a micro-grinder. a calcium hydroxide paste was applied to the debrided lesions before the application of restorative material. lesions were completely filled with rapidly hardening silver amalgam. treated terrapins were hospitalised in dry containers and later were housed in tanks with controlled temperature 24 hours. fillings were found spon ... | 2017 | 28612926 |
| the role of a psp-producing alexandrium bloom in an unprecedented diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) mortality event in flanders bay, new york, usa. | diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin) are a threatened or endangered species in much of their range along the u.s. atlantic and gulf coasts. over an approximately three-week period from late april to mid-may 2015, hundreds of adult diamondback terrapins were found dead on the shores of flanders bay, long island, new york, usa. concurrent with the mortality event, elevated densities of the paralytic shellfish toxin (pst)-producing dinoflagellate, alexandrium fundyense (>104 cells l-1) and h ... | 2017 | 28209476 |
| latitudinal diversity gradients in mesozoic non-marine turtles. | the latitudinal biodiversity gradient (lbg)-the pattern of increasing taxonomic richness with decreasing latitude-is prevalent in the structure of the modern biota. however, some freshwater taxa show peak richness at mid-latitudes; for example, extant testudines (turtles, terrapins and tortoises) exhibit their greatest diversity at 25° n, a pattern sometimes attributed to recent bursts of climatically mediated species diversification. here, we test whether this pattern also characterizes the mes ... | 2016 | 28018649 |
| modelling the climatic niche of turtles: a deep-time perspective. | ectotherms have close physiological ties with the thermal environment; consequently, the impact of future climate change on their biogeographic distributions is of major interest. here, we use the modern and deep-time fossil record of testudines (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins) to provide the first test of climate on the niche limits of both extant and extinct (late cretaceous, maastrichtian) taxa. ecological niche models are used to assess niche overlap in model projections for key testudine ... | 2016 | 27655766 |
| ufudia, a replacement name for pelonia junker & boomker, 2002 (pentastomida: sebekidae) from south african terrapins. | in order to accommodate a new species of pentastomid parasite, pelonia africana junker & boomker, 2002 (sebekidae), junker & boomker (2002) described the new genus pelonia. this genus name is, however, preoccupied by pelonia grube, 1859 (acari). grube (1859) did not designate a type species, but oudemans (1900: 141) recorded pelonia as a possible synonym of cepheus koch, 1835 and listed p. foliosa as its type species, allegedly designated by grube. subías et al. (2012), accepted the synonymy of ... | 2016 | 27394515 |
| endocrine indicators of a stress response in nesting diamondback terrapins to shoreline barriers in barnegat bay, nj. | anthropogenic stressors such as habitat loss are a global problem for wildlife. coastal development in the united states has replaced estuary shorelines with hard erosion barriers. in barnegat bay, new jersey, the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) encounters these barriers when approaching upland beaches for nesting. to determine the effects of shoreline barriers on this threatened species' nesting abilities, we measured adrenocortical response (i.e., stress response) by comparing natur ... | 2016 | 27292787 |
| field surveys and experimental transmission of pleurogonius malaclemys (digenea: pronocephalidae), an intestinal parasite of the diamondback terrapin malaclemys terrapin. | : life history stages of pleurogonius malaclemys were investigated in wild populations of the eastern mudsnail ( ilyanassa obsoleta ) and diamondback terrapin ( malaclemys terrapin ) in new jersey, new york, and rhode island between 2011 and 2015, and laboratory experiments investigating the settling preference of metacercarial cysts of p. malaclemys were conducted. cysts of p. malaclemys were found on mudsnails on the north and south shores of long island, new york and in rhode island, approxi ... | 2016 | 27022856 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) pond habitat, prey and eggs in bermuda. | total petroleum hydrocarbons, pah and various trace metal residues were extracted and analyzed from fresh whole diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) eggs, whole brackish-water gastropods (terrapin prey) and benthic sediment from anchialine pond environments in bermuda inhabited by terrapins. gastropods and terrapin eggs showed higher concentrations of trace metals and organic contaminants than sediments. conversely, pahs were mostly found within the sediment and smaller amounts detected in ... | 2016 | 26707979 |
| coastal vertebrate exposure to predicted habitat changes due to sea level rise. | sea level rise (slr) may degrade habitat for coastal vertebrates in the southeastern united states, but it is unclear which groups or species will be most exposed to habitat changes. we assessed 28 coastal georgia vertebrate species for their exposure to potential habitat changes due to slr using output from the sea level affecting marshes model and information on the species' fundamental niches. we assessed forecasted habitat change up to the year 2100 using three structural habitat metrics: to ... | 2015 | 26163199 |
| reptiles as reservoirs of bacterial infections: real threat or methodological bias? | bacterial infections secondary to snakebites and human pathogens (e.g., salmonella) have been linked to the oral microbiota of snakes and pet reptiles. based on culture-dependent studies, it is speculated that snakes' oral microbiota reflects the fecal flora of their ingested preys. however, cultured-based techniques have been shown to be limited as they fail to identify unculturable microorganisms which represent the vast majority of the microbial diversity. here, we used culture-independent hi ... | 2015 | 25921519 |
| reproductive state affects hiding behaviour under risk of predation but not exploratory activity of female spanish terrapins. | female investment during reproduction may reduce survivorship due to increased predation risk. during pregnancy, the locomotor performance of gravid females might be diminished due to the additional weight acquired. in addition, egg production may also increase thermoregulatory, metabolic and physiological costs. also, pregnant females have greater potential fitness and should take fewer risks. thus, females should ponder their reproductive state when considering their behavioural responses unde ... | 2015 | 25528131 |
| total body water and water turnover rates in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) during the transition from dormancy to activity. | water and salt concentrations in an animal's body fluids can fluctuate with changing environmental conditions, posing osmoregulatory challenges that require behavioral and physiological adjustments. the purpose of this study was to investigate body water dynamics in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin), a species that undergoes seasonal dormancy in salt marsh habitats. we conducted a field study to determine the total body water (%tbw), water turnover rate (wtr) and daily wat ... | 2014 | 25394625 |
| intrathecal administration of clonidine or yohimbine decreases the nociceptive behavior caused by formalin injection in the marsh terrapin (pelomedusa subrufa). | the role of noradrenergic system in the control of nociception is documented in some vertebrate animals. however, there are no data showing the role of this system on nociception in the marsh terrapins. | 2014 | 25365809 |
| factors affecting temperature variation and habitat use in free-ranging diamondback terrapins. | measuring the thermal conditions of aquatic reptiles with temperature dataloggers is a cost-effective way to study their behavior and habitat use. temperature dataloggers are a particularly useful and informative approach to studying organisms such as the estuarine diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin) that inhabits a dynamic environment often inaccessible to researchers. we used carapace-mounted dataloggers to measure hourly carapace temperature (tc) of free-ranging terrapins in south caro ... | 2014 | 25086975 |
| evidence of eelgrass (zostera marina) seed dispersal by northern diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin terrapin) in lower chesapeake bay. | the initial discovery in may 2009 of eelgrass (zostera marina) seeds in fecal samples of wild-caught northern diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin terrapin) was the first field evidence of eelgrass seed ingestion in this species. this finding suggested the potential of terrapins as seed dispersers in eelgrass beds, which we sampled for two additional years (2010 and 2011). seeds were only found in feces of terrapins captured prior to june 8 in all three years, coinciding with eelgrass seed ... | 2014 | 25072473 |
| alfaxalone as an induction agent for anaesthesia in terrapins and tortoises. | the aim of this study was to evaluate short-term intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxalone in chelonians. in the first part of the study, alfaxalone at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg was administered intravenously to 10 adult female red-eared terrapins (trachemys scripta elegans) following 24 hours of fasting. the induction time, tracheal tube insertion time, surgical plane of anaesthesia interval, and full recovery time were recorded. the head, neck and leg withdrawal reflex was lost within 21.09±8.07 se ... | 2014 | 24989034 |
| a revision of african helmeted terrapins (testudines: pelomedusidae: pelomedusa), with descriptions of six new species. | using nearly range-wide sampling, we analyze up to 1848 bp of mitochondrial dna of 183 helmeted terrapins and identify a minimum of 12 deeply divergent species-level clades. uncorrected p distances of these clades equal or clearly exceed those between the currently recognized species of pelusios, the genus most closely related to pelomedusa. we correlate genetic discontinuities of pelomedusa with data on morphology and endoparasites and describe six new pelomedusa species. moreover, ... | 2014 | 24870496 |
| disentangling the pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical dna (testudines: pelomedusidae). | recent research has shown that the helmeted terrapin (pelomedusa subrufa), a species that occurs throughout sub-saharan africa, in madagascar and the southwestern arabian peninsula, consists of several deeply divergent genetic lineages. here we examine all nominal taxa currently synonymized with pelomedusa subrufa (bonnaterre, 1789) and provide mitochondrial dna sequences of type specimens or topotypic material for most taxa. lectotypes are designated for testudo galeata schoepff, 1792, pentonyx ... | 2014 | 24870495 |
| derelict fishing gear in chesapeake bay, virginia: spatial patterns and implications for marine fauna. | derelict fishing gear is a source of mortality for target and non-target marine species. a program employing commercial watermen to remove marine debris provided a novel opportunity to collect extensive spatially-explicit information for four consecutive winters (2008-2012) on the type, distribution, and abundance of derelict fishing gear and bycatch in virginia waters of chesapeake bay. the most abundant form of derelict gear recovered was blue crab pots with almost 32,000 recovered. derelict p ... | 2014 | 24507451 |
| underwater anesthesia of diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin) for measurement of auditory evoked potentials. | investigations into the biology of aquatic and semiaquatic species, including those involving sensory specialization, often require creative solutions to novel questions. we developed a technique for safely anesthetizing a semiaquatic chelonian species, the diamondback terrapin (malaclemys terrapin), for measurement of auditory evoked potentials while animals were completely submerged in water. custom-modified endotracheal tubes were used to obtain a watertight seal on both sides of the glottis ... | 2013 | 24351768 |
| recreational boats and turtles: behavioral mismatches result in high rates of injury. | recreational boats are a dominant feature of estuarine waters in the united states. boat strike injury and mortality may have a detrimental effect on populations of diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin), a keystone species in estuarine ecosystems. in barnegat bay, new jersey, 11% of terrapins (n = 2,644) have scars consistent with injuries from boats. conservative estimates of injury rates from boats increased from 2006 to 2011. when exposed to playback recordings of approaching boat engin ... | 2013 | 24349269 |
| sexually dichromatic coloration reflects size and immunocompetence in female spanish terrapins, mauremys leprosa. | many studies have shown the importance of colorful ornamentation in mate choosiness or intrasexual conflict. however, research on color ornaments has focused mainly on birds, lizards or fish, but remains practically unknown in other animal groups such as turtles. in addition, female ornaments and their relation with sexual selection also remain almost unknown. here, we measured the coloration of the shell and the limb stripes of male and female spanish terrapins mauremys leprosa and explored the ... | 2013 | 24253419 |
| artificial nesting habitats as a conservation strategy for turtle populations experiencing global change. | diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin) inhabit estuaries in eastern usa and may tolerate salinity of sea-water for short durations. many north american estuaries are adversely affected by anthropogenic impacts, such as pollution, dredging and invasion by non-native plants. many nesting areas have been altered or destroyed, causing terrapins to nest on roadsides and artificial islands made of dredged substrate from bottom sediments. shading by non-native plants may suppress development and r ... | 2013 | 23731816 |
| 8(th) annual european antibody congress 2012: november 27-28, 2012, geneva, switzerland. | the 8th european antibody congress (eac), organized by terrapin ltd., was again held in geneva, switzerland, following on the tradition established with the 4th eac. the new agenda format for 2012 included three parallel tracks on: (1) naked antibodies; (2) antibody drug conjugates (adcs); and (3) bispecific antibodies and alternative scaffolds. the meeting started and closed with three plenary lectures to give common background and to share the final panel discussion and conclusions. the two da ... | 2017 | 23493119 |
| de-novo characterization of the soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis transcriptome using illumina rna-seq technology. | the soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis is a high-profile turtle species because of its nutritional and medicinal value in asian countries. however, little is known about the genes that are involved in formation of their nutritional quality traits, especially the molecular mechanisms responsible for unsaturated fatty acid and collagen biosynthesis. in the present study, the transcriptomes from six tissues from pelodiscus sinensis were sequenced using an illumina paired-end sequencing platfor ... | 2013 | 23303632 |
| effects of body temperature on righting performance of native and invasive freshwater turtles: consequences for competition. | righting behavior of aquatic turtles might be subject to coadaptation pressures between preferred basking temperature and locomotion, given that it is mainly performed on land and may critically determine the survival of turtles. we analyzed the effect of body temperature (t(b)) on righting performance of two species of freshwater turtles, the endangered native spanish terrapin (mauremys leprosa), and the red-eared slider (trachemys scripta elegans), an introduced invasive species that is displa ... | 2012 | 23058848 |
| geographic variation in egg size and lipid provisioning in the diamondback terrapin malaclemys terrapin. | understanding phenotypic differentiation among populations of wide-ranging species remains at the core of life-history research, because adaptation to local environmental conditions is expected. for example, when energy resources influence offspring fitness (as in oviparous ectotherms), the egg and hatchling environments are expected to influence selection by acting on the amount of energy allocated to offspring. here we identify population variation in egg mass, length, width, and volume from d ... | 2012 | 22902372 |
| discrimination of the hard keratins animal horn and chelonian shell using attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy. | the ability to discriminate between objects manufactured from animal horn and chelonian (turtle, tortoise, or terrapin) shell is important from a cultural and archeological perspective such that it may allow conservators to determine the appropriate treatment and long-term care solution. it would also aid curators in identifying and cataloging items manufactured from these materials. discrimination and classification is also a valuable tool for those involved in tracking the illegal trade in res ... | 2012 | 22524968 |
| behavioral responses of diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin terrapin) to recreational boat sounds. | | 2012 | 22278518 |
| feeding status and basking requirements of freshwater turtles in an invasion context. | thermoregulatory behavior and feeding status are strongly related in ectotherms. a trade-off between maintenance of energy balance and digestion efficiency has been recently proposed to affect thermoregulation in these animals. on the other hand, competition for basking sites has been described between iberian turtles and the introduced red-eared slider (trachemys scripta elegans). t. scripta negatively interferes with basking behavior of native turtles and benefits from a greater capacity to re ... | 2012 | 22226990 |
| the effects of the organopollutant pcb 126 on bone density in juvenile diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin). | bone is a dynamic tissue with diverse functions including growth, structural support, ph balance and reproduction. these functions may be compromised in the presence of organopollutants that can alter bone properties. we exposed juvenile diamondback terrapins (malaclemys terrapin) to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126), a ubiquitous anthropogenic organochlorine, and measured organic content, apparent bone mineral density (abmd) using radiography and computed tomography, and quantified bone ... | 2012 | 22000338 |
| two-dimensional and doppler echocardiographic findings in healthy non-sedated red-eared slider terrapins (trachemys scripta elegans). | echocardiographic evaluation was performed in six healthy young adult non-sedated terrapins (trachemys scripta elegans). the best imaging quality was obtained through the right cervical window. base-apex inflow and outflow views were recorded, ventricular size, ventricular wall thickness and ventricular outflow tract were measured, and fractional shortening was calculated. pulsed-wave doppler interrogation enabled the diastolic biphasic atrio-ventricular flow and the systolic ventricular outflow ... | 2011 | 21866435 |