| patterns of chondrification and ossification in the skull of graptemys pseudogeographica, the false map turtle (emydidae). | patterns of ossification and chondrification are well-described for several species of turtles, but details of the chondrocranial anatomy are known for only a handful of species. cleared and double-stained embryos of graptemys pseudogeographica were used to examine the fully formed chondrocranium and the formation, chondrification, and ossification of the cranium. the chondrocranium of g. pseudogeographica possesses an unusually large, irregularly shaped foramen epiphaniale that is joined with t ... | 2017 | 29044593 |
| nuclear introgression without mitochondrial introgression in two turtle species exhibiting sex-specific trophic differentiation. | despite the presence of reproductive barriers between species, interspecific gene introgression has been documented in a range of natural systems. comparing patterns of genetic introgression in biparental versus matrilineal markers can potentially reveal sex-specific barriers to interspecific gene flow. hybridization has been documented in the freshwater turtles graptemys geographica and g. pseudogeographica, whose ranges are largely sympatric. morphological differentiation between the species i ... | 2016 | 27252833 |
| molecular phylogeny and divergence of the map turtles (emydidae: graptemys). | the map turtles (genus graptemys) comprise a morphologically diverse clade that forms a major component of the southeastern us hotspot of chelonian diversity. map turtles have experienced both recent and rapid diversification resulting in long-standing uncertainty regarding species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the genus as well as timing of their divergence. we present a phylogeny for the group that includes geographically representative sampling for all described species and ... | 2018 | 29242165 |
| seasonal variation in reproductive steroids of male and female yellow-blotched map turtles, graptemys flavimaculata. | from april to october of 1996 and 1997, we measured seasonal changes in plasma testosterone (t) in male and plasma t and estradiol-17beta (e(2)) in female yellow-blotched map turtles, graptemys flavimaculata, from the pascagoula river, mississippi. in 1996, plasma from females was analyzed for progesterone. in 1997, ovaries of adult females were ultrasound imaged to determine stages of follicular development. males exhibited peak t levels in september and october of both years, indicating fall g ... | 2000 | 10882548 |
| comparison of reproductive parameters in male yellow-blotched map turtles (graptemys flavimaculata) from a historically contaminated site and a reference site. | from may to september of 1998, we collected monthly plasma samples from male yellow-blotched map turtles captured at two sites in the pascagoula river drainage, mississippi. one site (vancleave) has a documented history of pollution from industrial sources (principally 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, tcdd). fish consumption advisories at the vancleave site were lifted in 1996 and current impacts appear minimal. however, the yellow-blotched map turtle, a federally protected species, continue ... | 2001 | 11461839 |
| reproductive parameters in female yellow-blotched map turtles (graptemys flavimaculata) from a historically contaminated site vs. a reference site. | graptemys flavimaculata, the yellow-blotched map turtle, is a long-lived, threatened, species, endemic to the pascagoula river drainage in mississippi. during the 1980s, one branch of the drainage (i.e. the leaf river) was impacted by effluent from a wood pulp processing plant known to contain endocrine disrupters. a decade later, we examined seasonal reproductive parameters (i.e. monthly plasma estradiol-17beta (e(2)), testosterone (t), vitellogenin (vtg) and follicular development) in adult fe ... | 2009 | 19651226 |
| hematology of the pascagoula map turtle (graptemys gibbonsi) and the southeast asian box turtle (cuora amboinensis). | turtle populations are decreasing dramatically due to habitat loss and collection for the food and pet market. this study sought to determine hematologic values in two species of turtles to help assess health status of captive and wild populations. blood samples were collected from 12 individuals of the pascagoula map turtle (graptemys gibbonsi) and seven individuals of the southeast asian box turtle (cuora amboinensis) from the savannah river ecology laboratory (south carolina, usa). the hemato ... | 2008 | 18817012 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs), biphenyls (pcbs), and organochlorine pesticides in yellow-blotched map turtle from the pascagoula river basin, mississippi, usa. | concentrations of polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), -dibenzofurans (pcdfs), -biphenyls (pcbs), and organochlorine pesticides were measured in tissues of map turtles collected from two locations in the pascagoula river drainage of mississippi, usa. pcbs were most predominant among the organochlorines with a concentration of up to 99 ng/g, wet weight (580 ng/g, lipid weight) in livers. the greatest concentration of pcdds/dfs of 1.1 pg/g, wet weight (15.76 pg/g, lipid weight) was found in ... | 2000 | 10667935 |
| anoxia tolerance and freeze tolerance in hatchling turtles. | freezing survival in hatchling turtles may be limited by ischemic anoxia in frozen tissues and the associated accumulation of lactate and reactive oxygen species (ros). to determine whether mechanisms for coping with anoxia are also important in freeze tolerance, we examined the association between capacities for freezing survival and anoxia tolerance in hatchlings of seven species of turtles. tolerance to freezing (-2.5 degrees c) was high in emydoidea blandingii, chrysemys picta, terrapene orn ... | 2005 | 15739066 |
| spatial and temporal use of floodplain habitats by lentic and lotic species of aquatic turtles. | we investigated the use of aquatic and terrestrial floodplain habitats by lentic and lotic turtles inhabiting the missouri river, a contemporary, regulated large river. specifically, we tested whether habitats were used differentially by turtle species, sexes, and life stages over biologically determined spatial and temporal scales. we monitored female and male false map turtles (graptemys pseudogeographica) and slider turtles (trachemys scripta) for 14 months, using radiotelemetry. in addition, ... | 2000 | 28307951 |
| physiological responses to freezing in hatchlings of freeze-tolerant and -intolerant turtles. | freeze tolerance is a complex cold-hardiness adaptation that has independently evolved in a diverse group of organisms, including several ectothermic vertebrates. because little is known about the mechanistic basis for freeze tolerance in reptiles, we compared responses to experimental freezing in winter-acclimatized hatchlings representing nine taxa of temperate north american turtles, including ones that tolerated freezing and others that did not. viability rates of hatchlings frozen to -3 deg ... | 2006 | 16758216 |
| comparative shell buffering properties correlate with anoxia tolerance in freshwater turtles. | freshwater turtles as a group are more resistant to anoxia than other vertebrates, but some species, such as painted turtles, for reasons not fully understood, can remain anoxic at winter temperatures far longer than others. because buffering of lactic acid by the shell of the painted turtle is crucial to its long-term anoxic survival, we have tested the hypothesis that previously described differences in anoxia tolerance of five species of north american freshwater turtles may be explained at l ... | 2007 | 17008457 |
| amino acid sequence of a myoglobin isolated from map turtle, graptemys geographica. | myoglobin was isolated from the skeletal muscle of map turtle, graptemys geographica, and purified by sephadex g-75 and deae-cellulose column chromatography. the myoglobin was cleaved by cyanogen bromide treatment, by peptic digestion, and by tryptic digestion of myoglobin whose lysine residues had been modified with citraconic anhydride or 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride. from the amino acid sequences of these fragments, the complete amino acid sequence was deduced. | 1981 | 6783658 |
| amino acid sequence of a myoglobin from lace monitor lizard, varanus varius, and its evolutionary implications. | myoglobin was purified from a muscle extract of lace monitor lizard, varanus varius, by sephadex g-75, followed by deae-cellulose column chromatography. the apomyoglobin was cleaved with cyanogen bromide. the largest fragment was further digested with pepsin, trypsin, and alpha-chymotrypsin. from the amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide fragments, together with those of tryptic peptides of apomyoglobin, the complete amino acid sequence of lizard myoglobin was deduced. to investigate the t ... | 1981 | 6260792 |
| substrate color-induced melanization in eight turtle species from four chelonian groups. | background color convergence of prey occurring through local adaptation or phenotypically plastic responses can reduce predation rates by visual predators. we assessed the capacity for substrate color-induced melanization in eight turtle species within the groups chelydridae, emydidae, kinosternidae, and trionychidae by rearing individuals on black or white substrates for 160 days. in all aquatic turtle species, integuments of the head and carapace of the individuals that were reared on a black ... | 2014 | 24993507 |
| incubation environment affects immune system development in a turtle with environmental sex determination. | the developmental environment can have lasting effects on posthatching phenotype in oviparous animals. innate immune response is one important component of fitness in vertebrates because it provides a generalized defense against infection. in addition, because male vertebrates are at a higher risk of infection than females, males may benefit more from increased innate immunity than females. we determined the effects of incubation temperature on the innate immune response of hatchling map turtles ... | 0 | 20300480 |
| replication and persistence of vhsv ivb in freshwater turtles. | with the emergence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) strain ivb in the great lakes of north america, hatchery managers have become concerned that this important pathogen could be transmitted by animals other than fish. turtles are likely candidates because they are poikilotherms that feed on dead fish, but there are very few reports of rhabdovirus infections in reptiles and no reports of the fish rhabdoviruses in animals other than teleosts. we injected common snapping turtles chelydr ... | 2011 | 21790064 |
| investigation of shell disease in map turtles (graptemys spp.). | nineteen map turtles (graptemys spp.) maintained under natural conditions were investigated because of chronic shell abnormalities. animals were evaluated using a novel shell scoring system that divided the 54 scutes into six regions, with each region scored for lesion extent and severity, and summated to produce a total shell disease score (tsds). complete blood counts and various biochemistry analytes (total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, uric acid, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, phosphorus, an ... | 2009 | 19617474 |
| herpesvirus-like infection in map turtles. | two map turtles housed in an aquarium with a group of other map turtles became lethargic and anorectic, and subcutaneous edema developed prior to their deaths. gross postmortem findings included subcutaneous edema and swollen, diffusely pale livers. histologic examination of the livers revealed multifocal to diffuse areas of necrosis, with intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in hepatocytes. intranuclear and intracytoplasmic aggregates of particles morphologically resembling herpesvirus were ide ... | 1982 | 6294034 |
| atpase activity in tissues of the map turtle, graptemys geographica following in vitro treatment with aldrin and dieldrin. | | 1974 | 4279713 |
| molecular cloning of the thymus-specific parvalbumin known as avian thymic hormone: isolation of a full length cdna and expression of the recombinant protein in escherichia coli. | the complete coding sequence of the thymus-specific parvalbumin called avian thymic hormone (ath) has been cloned into escherichia coli. the translated amino acid sequence was found to be identical to the sequence of map turtle parvalbumin at 90 of 108 positions. northern blot analysis of thymic rna indicated a transcript length of approximately 1050 bp. however, the ath cdna probe failed to hybridize to poly(a)+ rna from chicken leg muscle, a further indication that avian thymic hormone is dist ... | 1991 | 1897928 |
| testicular histology and germ cell cytology during spermatogenesis in the mississippi map turtle,graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii, from northeast arkansas. | the testicular histology and cytology of spermatogenesis ingraptemys pseudogeographica kohniiwere examined using specimens collected between july 1996 and may 2004 from counties in northeastern arkansas. a histological examination of the testes and germ cell cytology indicates a postnuptial testicular cycle of spermatogenesis and a major fall spermiation event. the majority of the germ cell populations in may and june specimens are represented by resting spermatogonia, type a spermatogonia, type ... | 2017 | 26413408 |
| implications of extreme sexual size dimorphism for thermoregulation in a freshwater turtle. | sexual size dimorphism (ssd) is a common phenomenon in animals. in many species females are substantially larger than males. because body size plays a central role in modulating the body temperature (t (b)) of ectotherms, intersexual differences in body size may lead to important intersexual differences in thermoregulation. in addition, because ssd is realized by differences in growth rate and because growth rate is strongly temperature dependent in ectotherms, a conflict between male reproducti ... | 2010 | 19806366 |
| blood oxygen transport in common map turtles during simulated hibernation. | we assessed the effects of cold and submergence on blood oxygen transport in common map turtles (graptemys geographica). winter animals were acclimated for 6-7 wk to one of three conditions at 3 degrees c: air breathing (ab-3 degrees c), normoxic submergence (ns-3 degrees c), and hypoxic (po2=49 torr) submergence (hs-3 degrees c). ns-3 degrees c turtles exhibited a respiratory alkalosis (ph 8.07; pco2=7.9 torr; [lactate]=2.2 mm) relative to ab-3 degrees c animals (ph 7.89; pco2=13.4 torr; [lacta ... | 2013 | 15095243 |
| adaptations to terrestrial overwintering of hatchling northern map turtles, graptemys geographica. | we conducted a 3-year field and laboratory study of winter biology in hatchlings of the northern map turtle ( graptemys geographica). at our study area in northern indiana, hatchlings routinely overwintered in their natal nests, emerging after the weather warmed in spring. winter survival was excellent despite the fact that hatchlings were exposed frequently to subfreezing temperatures (to -5.4 degrees c). in the laboratory, cold-acclimated hatchlings exhibited low rates of evaporative water los ... | 2003 | 12925879 |
| the physiology of hibernation in common map turtles (graptemys geographica). | map turtles from wisconsin were submerged at 3 degrees c in normoxic and anoxic water to simulate extremes of potential respiratory microenvironments while hibernating under ice. in predive turtles, and in turtles submerged for up to 150 days, plasma po2, pco2) ph, [cl-], [na+], [k+], total mg, total ca, lactate, glucose, and osmolality were measured; hematocrit and body mass were determined, and plasma [hco3-] was calculated. turtles in anoxic water developed a severe metabolic acidosis, accumu ... | 2001 | 11544078 |
| eimeria juniataensis sp. n. (protozoa: eimeriidae) from the map turtle, graptemys geographica, in pennsylvania. | eimeria juniataensis sp. n. is described from the map turtle, graptemys geographica, in pennsylvania. the spherical to subspherical oocysts of e. juniataensis are 11.5 to 18.5 mu by 11.5 to 16.5 mu (mean, 13.5 by 12.9mu). the broadly fusiform sporocysts are 7.5 to 10 mu by 4 to 6.5 mu (mean, 8.3 by 5.0mu) and a stieda body is present. oocyst and sporocyst residua are present. this is the first report of an eimerian species from graptemys. | 1976 | 1263028 |
| physiology of common map turtles (graptemys geographica) hibernating in the lamoille river, vermont. | common map turtles (graptemys geographica) were collected from a natural underwater hibernaculum in vermont at monthly intervals during the winter of 1997-1998. blood was sampled by cardiac puncture and analyzed for ph, pco(2), po(2), and hematocrit; separated plasma was tested for na(+), k(+), cl(-), total [ca], total [mg], [lactate], and osmolality (mosm kg(-1) h(2)o). control (eupneic; 1 degrees c) values for ph, po(2), pco(2), [hco(3)(-)], and [lactate] were 7.98 +/- 0.03, 47.4 +/- 18.7, 10. ... | 2000 | 10617856 |
| winter severity and phenology of spring emergence from the nest in freshwater turtles. | although many species of freshwater turtles emigrate to water soon after hatching, the offspring of some species overwinter on land and move to aquatic habitats in the following spring. timing of emigration can affect the hatchlings' fitness, but the factors underlying phenology of nest emergence are incompletely understood. we tested the supposition that cold stress imposed during hibernation can influence the timing of nest emergence in three species of turtles in the central usa. in each year ... | 2010 | 20467723 |
| emydid herpesvirus 1 infection in northern map turtles (graptemys geographica) and painted turtles (chrysemys picta). | a captive, juvenile, female northern map turtle (graptemys geographica) was found dead following a brief period of weakness and nasal discharge. postmortem examination identified pneumonia with necrosis and numerous epithelial, intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, consistent with herpesviral pneumonia. similar intranuclear inclusions were also associated with foci of hepatocellular and splenic necrosis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) screening of fresh, frozen liver for the herpesviral dna-depe ... | 2015 | 25943128 |
| lactate accumulation, glycogen depletion, and shell composition of hatchling turtles during simulated aquatic hibernation. | we submerged hatchling western painted turtles chrysemys picta schneider, snapping turtles chelydra serpentina l. and map turtles graptemys geographica le sueur in normoxic and anoxic water at 3 degrees c. periodically, turtles were removed and whole-body [lactate] and [glycogen] were measured along with relative shell mass, shell water, and shell ash. we analyzed the shell for [na+], [k+], total calcium, total magnesium, pi and total co2. all three species were able to tolerate long-term submer ... | 2004 | 15235017 |
| map turtle winter leech loads. | adult common map turtles, graptemys geographica (n = 243), were obtained in november 1995 from a hibernation site in the lamoille river, vermont. of the 208 female turtles examined, 151 (72.6%) had at least 1 leech (placobdella parasitica) attached and 10 of 35 males (28.6%) were similarly parasitized. mean abundances were 1.49 (sd = 1.461, n = 208) for female turtles and 0.34 (sd = 0.591, n = 35) for males; the difference was significant (t = 4.558, df = 241, p < 0.001). leech broods were found ... | 1997 | 9406801 |
| sex-determining potencies vary among female incubation temperatures in a turtle. | reptiles whose sex is determined by incubation temperature typically exhibit all-male or all-female sex ratios over a wide range of incubation temperatures. the question arises as to whether the various all-female temperatures (or the various all-male temperatures) are equivalent in their "potency", or capacity to effect female determination. in map turtles, warm incubation temperatures produce all females and cool ones produce all males. we compared sex determining potencies of two all-female t ... | 1990 | 2250166 |
| lipid composition of lung and lung lavage fluid from map turtles (malaclemys geographica) maintained at different environmental temperatures. | the phospholipids of lung and lung lavage fluid from map turtles (malaclemys geographica) acclimated to 5, 14, 22 and 32 degrees c have been analyzed. the yield of surfactant (lavage) lipid p was higher at 32 than at 5 degrees c, but there was no significant change in lung lipid p. the relative proportions of phospholipids from the lung were pc greater than pe greater than sm greater than ps greater than pi, while those for the lavage were pc greater than pi greater than pe greater than sm congr ... | 1981 | 7225926 |
| nondestructive indices of mercury exposure in three species of turtles occupying different trophic niches downstream from a former chloralkali facility. | turtles are useful for studying bioaccumulative pollutants such as mercury (hg) because they have long life spans and feed at trophic levels that result in high exposure to anthropogenic chemicals. we compared total hg concentrations in blood and toenails of three species of turtles (chelydra serpentina, sternotherus odoratus, and graptemys geographica) with different feeding ecologies from locations up- and downstream of a superfund site in virginia, usa. mercury concentrations in turtle tissue ... | 2013 | 23010870 |
| temperature-dependent sex determination in turtles. | the sex of hatchling map turtles is determined by incubation temperature of eggs in the laboratory as well as in nature. temperature controls sex differentiation rather than causing a differential mortality of sexes. temperature has no effect on sex determination in a soft-shelled turtle. | 1979 | 505003 |
| oxygen consumption and co2 production of ontario map turtles (g. geographica) and of their tissues [proceedings]. | | 1977 | 592130 |
| studies on the morphology and life cycle of neoechinorhynchus emydis (leidy), and acanthocephalan parasite of the map turtle, graptemys geographica (le sueur). | | 1954 | 13184374 |
| susceptibility of fish and turtles to three ranaviruses isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes. | ranaviruses have been associated with mortality of lower vertebrates around the world. frog virus 3 (fv3)-like ranaviruses have been isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes; however, few studies have demonstrated whether this pathogen can be transmitted among classes. using fv3-like ranaviruses isolated from the american bullfrog lithobates catesbeianus, eastern box turtle terrapene carolina carolina, and pallid sturgeon scaphirhynchus albus, we tested for the occurrence of interc ... | 2014 | 24895866 |
| a comparison of thyroid hormone levels and plasma capillary zone electrophoresis in red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans) and map turtles (graptemys spp.) depending on season and sex. | thyroid hormones and capillary zone electrophoresis are rarely studied in reptile medicine. | 2020 | 32237094 |
| ultrastructural analysis of the yolk processing pattern in embryonic pond slider turtles (trachemys scripta: emydidae). | evolution of the large-yolked, amniotic egg required mechanisms by which extracellular yolk could be made available for embryonic development. in birds, the endodermal lining of the yolk sac absorbs and digests the yolk. in contrast, recent studies on lizards and snakes (squamates) have revealed that yolk is processed by means of a proliferating mass of "spaghetti-like" strands formed by endodermal cells attached to anastomosing blood vessels. to clarify the method of yolk processing in chelonia ... | 2019 | 31328905 |
| spirorchis spp. (digenea: schistosomatoidea) infecting map turtles (cryptodira: emydidae: graptemys spp.) in southeastern north america: a new species, molecular phylogenies, and key to species. | black-knobbed map turtles (graptemys nigrinoda cagle) and alabama map turtles (graptemys pulchra baur) were infected with several blood flukes in alabama (southeastern north america). spirorchis paraminutus roberts & bullard n. sp. differs from its congeners by having a body that is 12-24× longer than wide, a testicular column of 10 testes that is 1/5-1/4 of the body length and located far posterior to the caecal bifurcation (the anterior-most testis is located in the posterior body half), and a ... | 2019 | 30523610 |
| experimental transmission of frog virus 3-like ranavirus in juvenile chelonians at two temperatures. | the pathogenicity of frog virus 3 (fv3)-like ranavirus varies in adult chelonian species at different environmental temperatures, but differences in pathogenicity at different temperatures has yet to be determined in juveniles. our objective was to determine the susceptibility to fv3-like ranavirus in four species of juvenile chelonians: red-eared sliders (res; trachemys scripta elegans), mississippi map turtles ( graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii), false map turtles (fmt; graptemys pseudogeogr ... | 2018 | 29878878 |
| coccidian parasites (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) of graptemys caglei and graptemys versa (testudines: emydidae) from texas. | nineteen map turtles, graptemys caglei and graptemys versa were collected from the guadalupe and colorado river watersheds of south-central texas and examined for coccidial parasites. thirteen of the 19 turtles (68%), including 11 of 16 (69%) g. caglei and 2 of 3 (67%) g. versa, were infected with at least 1 coccidian. five eimeria spp. (e. chrysemydis, e. graptemydos, e. lutotestudinis, e. pseudogeographica, and e. trachemydis) were harbored by g. caglei, and 2 eimerians (e. graptemydos and e. ... | 1984 | 2040965 |
| amino acid sequences of lower vertebrate parvalbumins and their evolution: parvalbumins of boa, turtle, and salamander. | one major parvalbumin each was isolated from the skeletal muscle of two reptiles, a boa snake, boa constrictor, and a map turtle, graptemys geographica, while two parvalbumins were isolated from an amphibian, the salamander amphiuma means. the amino acid sequences of all four parvalbumins were determined from the sequences of their tryptic peptides, which were ordered partially by homology to other parvalbumins. phylogenetic study of these and 16 other parvalbumin sequences revealed that the tur ... | 1984 | 6599978 |
| the primary structure of myoglobin from pacific green sea turtle (chelonia mydas caranigra). | the amino acid sequence of the main component myoglobin from skeletal muscle of pacific green sea turtle (chelonia mydas caranigra) has been determined. the globin is 153 residues in length and has a free amino-terminus. the heme-binding and internal residues are as found in mammalian myoglobins. ten substitutions are observed between this myoglobin and that from map turtle. about 38, 52, 47 and 86 substitutions are noted in comparison with the myoglobins of other reptiles, mammals, birds and fi ... | 1983 | 6824692 |