| comparative developmental toxicity of nickel to gastrophryne carolinensis, bufo terrestris, and xenopus laevis. | the early embryo-larval developmental toxicity of nickel (ni) to 3 amphibian species, xenopus laevis (south african clawed frog), bufo terrestris (southern toad), and gastrophryne carolinensis (eastern narrow-mouthed toad), was evaluated using a modified fetax model. studies were initiated from late blastulae stage (nieuwkoop and faber [nf] stage 10 or gosner stage 12) and completed at a common embryological-based test termination point, which represented the completion of the major stages of or ... | 2006 | 16998636 |
| anuran susceptibilities to ranaviruses: role of species identity, exposure route, and a novel virus isolate. | ranaviruses are responsible for widespread amphibian die-offs, particularly with larval anurans. to understand the factors that may be contributing to the emergence of ranaviruses, we conducted 3 experiments that exposed 3 species of larval anurans to either endemic frog virus 3 (fv3) or an fv3-like isolate from a ranaculture facility. our goals were to (1) determine the susceptibility of each species to each virus, (2) determine whether direct ingestion of virions or exposure to virions in a wa ... | 2010 | 20402227 |
| patterns of amphibian infection prevalence across wetlands on the savannah river site, south carolina, usa. | amphibian diseases, such as chytridiomycosis caused by batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) and ranaviral disease caused by ranaviruses, are often linked to global amphibian population declines, yet the ecological dynamics of both pathogens are poorly understood. the goal of our study was to determine the baseline prevalence, pathogen loads, and co-infection rate of bd and ranavirus across the savannah river site (srs) in south carolina, usa, a region with rich amphibian diversity and a history o ... | 2016 | 27596855 |
| linking manipulative experiments to field data to test the dilution effect. | the dilution effect, the hypothesis that biodiversity reduces disease risk, has received support in many systems. however, few dilution effect studies have linked mechanistic experiments to field patterns to establish both causality and ecological relevance. we conducted a series of laboratory experiments and tested the dilution effect hypothesis in an amphibian-batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) system and tested for consistency between our laboratory experiments and field patterns of amphibia ... | 2014 | 24289288 |
| the relative impacts of native and introduced predatory fish on a temporary wetland tadpole assemblage. | understanding the relative impacts of predators on prey may improve the ability to predict the effects of predator composition changes on prey assemblages. we experimentally examined the relative impact of native and introduced predatory fish on a temporary wetland amphibian assemblage to determine whether these predators exert distinct (unique or non-substitutable) or equivalent (similar) impacts on prey. predatory fish included the eastern mosquitofish (gambusia holbrooki), golden topminnow (f ... | 2003 | 12712313 |
| do biomass harvesting guidelines influence herpetofauna following harvests of logging residues for renewable energy?. | forests are a major supplier of renewable energy; however, gleaning logging residues for use as woody biomass feedstock could negatively alter habitat for species dependent on downed wood. biomass harvesting guidelines (bhgs) recommend retaining a portion of woody biomass on the forest floor following harvest. despite bhgs being developed to help ensure ecological sustainability, their contribution to biodiversity has not been evaluated experimentally at operational scales. we compared herpetofa ... | 2016 | 27411261 |
| expanded geographical range, new host accounts, and observations of the nematode gyrinicola batrachiensis (oxyuroidea: pharyngodonidae) in tadpoles. | we describe the first account of the nematode gyrinicola batrachiensis in the gastrointestinal tracts of tadpoles of bufo terrestris, gastrophryne carolinensis, hyla femoralis, h. squirella, rana heckscheri, and r. utricularia. infection by g. batrachiensis was also noted in tadpoles of r. catesbeiana and r. clamitans, species previously described as harboring these nematodes. these observations represent a major expansion of the known geographical range of g. batrachiensis to include the southe ... | 2004 | 15040693 |
| lethal and sublethal measures of chronic copper toxicity in the eastern narrowmouth toad, gastrophryne carolinensis. | many metals are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations and for some metals, such as copper (cu), even low-level chronic contamination may be cause for conservation concern. amphibian susceptibility to cu has been examined in only a few species, and susceptibility is highly variable. the lethal and sublethal effects were examined of chronic aqueous cu exposure on embryonic and larval eastern narrowmouth toads, gastrophryne carolinensis. copper levels as low as 10 μg cu/l reduce ... | 2015 | 25475581 |
| new host and distribution records for aplectana hamatospicula (ascaridida: cosmocercidae) in gastrophryne olivacea (anura: microhylidae) from the great plains u.s.a. | aplectana hamatospicula is a nematode that parasitizes the large intestine of anurans, and has been reported from bufonids, eleutherodactylids, hylids, microhylids, and ranids from north and central america. aplectana hamatospicula was first described, over 70 yr ago, from hyla eximia and bufo peltocephalus from mexico and cuba, respectively, and reported from gastrophryne carolinensis from florida. since then there have been no reports of this nematode in north america north of mexico. the life ... | 2013 | 23245391 |
| multiple stressors and complex life cycles: insights from a population-level assessment of breeding site contamination and terrestrial habitat loss in an amphibian. | understanding the effects of chemical contaminants on natural populations is challenging, as multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors may individually and interactively influence responses. population models can be used to evaluate the impacts of multiple stressors and to provide insight into population-level effects and/or data gaps. for amphibians with complex life cycles, population models may be useful in understanding impacts of stressors that are unique to the habitat type (aquatic, te ... | 2011 | 21922532 |
| a striking lack of genetic diversity across the wide-ranging amphibian gastrophryne carolinensis (anura: microhylidae). | we examine phylogeographic structure across a wide-ranging microhylid frog (gastrophryne carolinensis) using both mitochondrial (mtdna) and nuclear (aflp) data. species with similar ecological characteristics such as large range size, low vagility, or existence across known biogeographic barriers, often are comprised of multiple, cryptic lineages. surprisingly, our analyses of both portions of the genome show very little phylogeographic or population genetic structure. the family microhylidae is ... | 2009 | 18392940 |
| reproduction, embryonic development, and maternal transfer of contaminants in the amphibian gastrophryne carolinensis. | although many amphibian populations around the world are declining at alarming rates, the cause of most declines remains unknown. environmental contamination is one of several factors implicated in declines and may have particularly important effects on sensitive developmental stages. despite the severe effects of maternal transfer of contaminants on early development in other vertebrate lineages, no studies have examined the effects of maternal transfer of contaminants on reproduction or develo ... | 2006 | 16675417 |
| reinforcement and reproductive character displacement in gastrophryne carolinensis and g. olivacea (anura: microhylidae): a reexamination. | tape-recorded advertisement calls of gastrophryne carolinensis and g. olivacea, obtained in texas and southern louisiana, were analyzed by means of an analogue audiospectrograph. samples were grouped into four areas: allopatric and sympatric for g. carolinensis, and combined adjacent allopatric/shallow sympatric, and sympatric for g. olivacea. three attributes of the advertisement call (call duration, pulse rate, and dominant frequency) were investigated, with water temperature at the calling si ... | 1992 | 28564396 |
| ontogenetic body form changes in three ecological morphotypes of anuran tadpoles. | metamorphic vertebrate species are of particular interest in ecological and evolutionary studies because the decoupling of larval and adult growth patterns potentially allows adaptive diversifications of the separate stages. larval and adult growth might be much more constrained if allometric patterns were constant throughout ontogeny. to better understand how differential growth patterns might contribute to tadpole diversification, we have analyzed growth allometries in relation to interspecifi ... | 1992 | 1601574 |
| immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in brains of breeding eastern narrow-mouthed toads (gastrophryne carolinensis). | unlabeled antibody-enzyme immunocytochemistry was used to localize mammalian-like immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in brains of breeding eastern narrow-mouthed toads (gastrophryne carolinensis). intense immunostaining occurred over the infundibular floor and the median eminence, yet staining of few perikarya in the anterior preoptic area was minimal. this pattern of markedly regional immunostaining differs from that reported for other anurans. | 1984 | 6148192 |
| distinguishing anuran species by high-resolution melting analysis of the coi barcode (coi-hrm). | taxonomic identification can be difficult when two or more species appear morphologically similar. dna barcoding based on the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (coi) is now widely used in identifying animal species. high-resolution melting analysis (hrm) provides an alternative method for detecting sequence variations among amplicons without having to perform dna sequencing. the purpose of this study was to determine whether hrm of the coi barcode can be used to distingui ... | 2019 | 31871662 |