| local autonomy of gastrulation movements after dorsal lip removal in two anuran amphibians. | the time-course of the remaining gastrulation movements has been investigated after removal of the dorsal lip, the presumptive foregut endoderm and the anterior mid-dorsal mesoderm as a plug-shaped mass of cells from beginning gastrulae of xenopus laevis and bombina orientalis. this embryonic region has been previously studied in its role as an organizer, when grafted into a host gastrula marginal zone. there is usually no effect of the removal of these cells, the first morphogenetically active ... | 1975 | 1151264 |
| low resistance junctions between mesoderm cells during development of trunk muscles. | 1. electrical connexions between mesoderm cells have been examined during the formation of somites in xenopus laevis, bombina orientalis and ambystoma mexicanum. 2. in xenopus the resting potentials of presumptive myotome cells (-65 + 2 mv, s.e. of mean) and somite muscle cells (-65 +/- 0-6 mv s.e. of mean) were 40 mv, greater than dermatome cells (-25 +/- 0-6 mv, s.e. of mean). similar differences were found in bombina and ambystoma. 3. in all three species cells of the dermatome layer of the m ... | 1976 | 1255515 |
| quantification of percutaneous absorption of metronidazole and levamisole in the fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis). | spot-on application has proved to be an effective way to reach therapeutic doses of metronidazole and levamisole in fire-bellied toads. the percutaneous absorption of metronidazole and levamisole was quantified, using an aqueous solution of 1.008 mg/ml of metronidazole and an aqueous solution of 3.767 mg/ml of levamisole. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis of the percutaneous absorption revealed that of the amount applied, 75% of metronidazole and 90% of levamisole was absorb ... | 1992 | 1487842 |
| gastrin-releasing peptide (grp) is not mammalian bombesin. identification and molecular cloning of a true amphibian grp distinct from amphibian bombesin in bombina orientalis. | on the basis of structural homology and similar biological activity, gastrin-releasing peptide (grp) has been considered the mammalian equivalent of amphibian bombesin. in this paper we now show this to be incorrect. chromatography of frog (bombina orientalis) gut extracts demonstrated two peaks of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (bli), one similar in size to grp and one similar in size to amphibian bombesin. these peaks were purified by high pressure liquid chromatography then subjected to mass ... | 1992 | 1551901 |
| bombinin-like peptides with antimicrobial activity from skin secretions of the asian toad, bombina orientalis. | the structures and hemolytic and bactericidal activities of three bombinin-like peptides, or blp-1-3, from the skin of bombina orientalis are described. the peptides were isolated from the skin of b. orientalis and sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry and are amphipathic, cationic peptides of 25-27 amino acids in length. the sequence of the most abundant member (blp-1) is: gly-ile-gly-ala-ser-ile-leu-ser-ala-gly-lys-ser-ala-leu-lys-gly-leu- ala-lys-gly-leu-ala-glu-his-phe-ala-asn-nh2. all three ... | 1991 | 1744108 |
| amphibian (urodele) myotomes display transitory anterior/posterior and medial/lateral differentiation patterns. | myotome differentiation during mexican axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum) somitogenesis was analyzed by employing anti-actin and anti-myosin monoclonal antibodies as molecular probes. myotome differentiation occurs after segmentation and proceeds in the cranial-to-caudal direction along the somite file. within individual somites myotome differentiation displays distinct polarities. examination of the somite file at the tailbud stage revealed that soon after segmentation, actin/myosin accumulate predo ... | 1989 | 2647546 |
| activation and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids and bile acid intermediates in liver from bombina orientalis and from the rat. | 1. bombina orientalis excretes mainly c27 bile acids: trihydroxycoprostanic and varanic acids. more than 90% of the trihydroxycoprostanic acid (thca) present in the bile, was conjugated with taurine; varanic acid was present in the unconjugated form. 2. trihydroxycoprostanoyl-coa (thc-coa) synthetase activity, required for the formation of the taurine conjugate, was present in the liver of bombina orientalis. 3. peroxisomal beta-oxidation, which catalyzes the oxidation of fatty acids as well as ... | 1989 | 2706931 |
| the role of the jelly coat in amino acid transport in embryos of bombina orientalis. | the obligatory role of the jelly coat for maximal transport of all amino acids, including those found to be jelly coat-independent in xenopus laevis embryos, has been shown in bombina orientalis embryos. amino acid transport in dejellied embryos (without fertilization membrane and jelly coats) of bombina, reconstituted with either intact or homogenized jelly coats, was similar to the values in normal embryos. amino acid transport in totally dejellied embryos, and those surrounded with fertilizat ... | 1986 | 2871977 |
| mauthner neurons survive metamorphosis in anurans: a comparative hrp study on the cytoarchitecture of mauthner neurons in amphibians. | giant medullary neurons were revealed in adult xenopus laevis and rana esculenta following hrp injections to the spinal cord. these neurons were identified as mauthner neurons because (1) they have the same position and orientation as the larval mauthner neurons, i.e., they lie at the level of the viiith nerve root. (2) they have two large dendritic trees that for each species are similar to those of the larval mauthner neurons, (3) they are clearly distinguishable from other large reticular neu ... | 1986 | 3081602 |
| development and ciliation of the palate in two frogs, bombina and xenopus; a comparative study. | the morphological changes that occur during metamorphosis in the palates of two types of anuran larvae (a discoglossid, bombina orientalis, and a pipid, xenopus laevis) are compared. in b. orientalis the structural changes are accompanied by the ciliation of the palate epithelium. ciliation begins in the anterior region of the palate and continues in a posterior direction throughout metamorphosis. by contrast, the palate of x. laevis never becomes ciliated during its development. instead, two ci ... | 1985 | 4089862 |
| metallothionein present or induced in the three species of frogs bombina orientalis, bufo bufo japonicus and hyla arborea japonica. | a low molecular weight copper (cu)- and/or zinc (zn)-binding protein was present in the livers (and kidneys) of the three species of frogs bombina orientalis, bufo bufo japonicus and hyla arborea japonica. cadmium (cd) accumulated in the livers (and kidneys) after repeated i.m. injections of cd2+ was mostly bound to the same metal-binding protein as cd, zn- or cd, zn, cu-thionein. concentrations of cd and several essential elements in the livers and kidneys of the three species of frogs were det ... | 1984 | 6151449 |
| [isolation of a new serotype of leptospira from bombina orientalis (boulenger)]. | | 1983 | 6675967 |
| cloning of a receptor for amphibian [phe13]bombesin distinct from the receptor for gastrin-releasing peptide: identification of a fourth bombesin receptor subtype (bb4). | bombesin is a tetradecapeptide originally isolated from frog skin and demonstrated to have a wide range of actions in mammals. based on structural homology and similar biological activities, gastrin-releasing peptide (grp) has been considered the mammalian equivalent of bombesin. we previously reported that frogs have both grp and bombesin, which therefore are distinct peptides. we now report the cloning of a bombesin receptor subtype (bb4) that has higher affinity for bombesin than grp. pcr was ... | 1995 | 7597102 |
| immune-complex-trapping cells in the spleen of the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. | the spleen of the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis, consists of well-developed white pulp, separated from the lymphocytic marginal zone by the connective tissue boundary layer. injection of peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-peroxidase revealed that these immune complexes were localized on the surface of acid-phosphatase-positive and non-specific-esterase-positive cells in the white pulp. the majority of immune-complex-trapping cells were present around the blood vessels. cell proce ... | 1993 | 8443830 |
| spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in seven frog species. | spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were screened for in five advanced frog species (hyla cinerea, n = 10 ears; hyla chrysoscelis, n = 10; hyla versicolor, n = 7; leptodactylus albilabris, n = 2; rana pipiens pipiens, n = 8), and two primitive frog species (xenopus laevis, n = 9; bombina orientalis, n = 12). emissions were found in 90% of the advanced species' ears, whereas none of the primitive species' ears had emissions. emission frequencies ranged from 645 hz to 1680 hz. the absence of emissio ... | 1996 | 8951437 |
| molecular cloning of a bombinin gene from bombina orientalis: detection of nf-kappab and nf-il6 binding sites in its promoter. | the sequence of a gene from bombina orientalis was determined which codes for antibacterial peptides. the gene comprises two exons separated by a large intron. exon 1 codes for the signal peptide, while exon 2 contains the genetic information for two identical bombinins and one bombinin h. the promoter region of the bombinin gene contains putative recognition sites for nuclear factors, such as nfkappab and nf-il6. in vivo experiments on b. orientalis have shown that a short contact with bacteria ... | 1998 | 9684858 |
| ontogeny of the bizarre: an osteological description of pipa pipa (anura: pipidae), with an account of skeletal development in the species. | the adult osteology of the direct-developing pipid frog, pipa pipa, is described based on cleared-and-stained and dry skeletal specimens. observations on skeletal development are based on cleared-and-stained embryos and young removed from the backs of preserved females. osteologically, p.pipa is distinguished from its congeners and other pipid anurans by its large size and peculiar skull, which is extremely depressed and hyperossified. skulls of the smallest individuals are not significantly dif ... | 2000 | 10629097 |
| establishment of a phagocytic cell line from bombina orientalis. | continuous serum-free culture of bok-2 cells was generated from primary culture of the tail bud stage embryos of the toad, bombina orientalis. bok-2 cells can be maintained in modified l-15 serum-free medium prepared by mixing l-15 medium, lactalbumin enzymatic hydrolysate, sucrose and sodium bicarbonate. bok-2 cells have an ameboid behavior and morphology. when bok-2 and viable candida albicans were co-cultured, bok-2 cells showed an immune response characterized by chemotaxis, phagocytosis and ... | 2000 | 10650327 |
| chemoarchitecture of the anuran auditory midbrain. | the anuran torus semicircularis consists of several subnuclei that are part of the ascending auditory pathway as well as audiomotor interface structures. additionally, recent anatomical studies suggest that the midbrain tegmentum is an integral part of the audiomotor network. to describe the chemoarchitecture of these nuclei, taking into account the toral subdivisions, we investigated the distribution of serotonin, leucine-enkephalin, substance p, tyrosine-hydroxylase, dopamine d2-receptor, parv ... | 2000 | 11011065 |
| structure-function relationships in bombinins h, antimicrobial peptides from bombina skin secretions. | skin secretions of amphibia of the bombina genus contain two families of antimicrobial peptides, the bombinins (bombinin-like peptides) and the bombinins h (h for hydrophobic and hemolytic). the latter family includes a number of peptides containing a d-amino acid in the second position, in addition to their corresponding all l-isomers. the antimicrobial activity of three pairs of bombinin h isomers, h2/h4, h6/h7 and gh-1d/gh-1l, has been investigated. the first two pairs of peptides were actual ... | 2000 | 11090921 |
| cranial neural crest cells contribute to connective tissue in cranial muscles in the anuran amphibian, bombina orientalis. | the contribution of cranial neural crest cells to the development and patterning of cranial muscles in amphibians was investigated in the phylogenetically basal and morphologically generalized frog, bombina orientalis. experimental methods included fluorescent marking of premigratory cranial neural crest and extirpation of individual migratory streams. neural crest cells contributed to the connective tissue component, but not the myofibers, of many larval muscles within the first two branchial a ... | 2001 | 11543620 |
| analyzing the radiation of the proenkephalin gene in tetrapods: cloning of a bombina orientalis proenkephalin cdna. | analyzing the radiation of the proenkephalin gene in tetrapods: cloning of a bombina orientalis proenkephalin cdna: a proenkephalin cdna was cloned from the brain of the anuran amphibian, bombina orientalis (family: discoglossidae). this cdna is 1358 nucleotides in length, and contains an open reading frame that codes for 251 amino acids. within the open reading frame there are seven opioid (yggf) sequences. there were five met-enkephalin (yggfm) sequences that are flanked by sets of paired basi ... | 2001 | 11786186 |
| a novel proline rich bombesin-related peptide (pr-bombesin) from toad bombina maxima. | a novel bombesin-related peptide was isolated from skin secretions of chinese red belly toad bombina maxima. its primary structure was established as pglu-lys-lys-pro-pro-arg-pro-pro-gln-trp-ala-val-gly-his-phe-met-nh(2.) the amino-terminal (n-terminal) 8-residue segment comprising four prolines and three basic residues is extensively different from bombesins from other bombina species. the peptide was thus named proline rich bombesin (pr-bombesin). pr-bombesin was found to elicit concentration- ... | 2002 | 11835992 |
| bradykinins and their precursor cdnas from the skin of the fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis). | bradykinin and (thr(6))-bradykinin have been identified in the defensive skin secretion of the fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. the homologous cdnas for both peptides were cloned from a skin library using a 3'- and 5'-race strategy. kininogen-1 (bok-1) contained an open-reading frame of 167 amino acid residues encoding four repeats of bradykinin, and kininogen-2 (bok-2) contained an open-reading frame of 161 amino acid residues encoding two repeats of (thr(6))-bradykinin. alignment of both ... | 2002 | 12217414 |
| distortion product otoacoustic emissions in frogs: correlation with middle and inner ear properties. | four frog species, rana pipiens, scaphiopus couchii, xenopus laevis and bombina orientalis, were examined for distortion product otoacoustic emissions (dpoae). these species were chosen for their diverse otic morphologies. rana has a well-developed caudal extension of the amphibian papilla within the inner ear; scaphiopus, xenopus and bombina do not. rana and scaphiopus have a tympanic middle ear, xenopus has a subcutaneous tympanic disk and bombina has only an operculum. dpoaes were present in ... | 2002 | 12372639 |
| an immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the pancreas of the red-bellied frog (bombina orientalis). | the regional distribution and frequency of pancreatic endocrine cells in the red-bellied frog, bombina orientalis, were studied by the immunohistochemical peroxidase anti-peroxidase (pap) method using five types of specific mammalian antisera to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (pp) and secretin. the frequency was calculated as the mean number of each endocrine cell type/1,000 total cells (including exocrine and endocrine cells) using an automated image analysis pro ... | 2003 | 12777214 |
| [the infection status of sparganum and gnathostoma in frogs of southern part of korea] | a survey on the infection status of sparganum and gnathostoma in frogs was carried out in 11 areas in gyeongsangnam-do and cheonlanam-do province, a southern part of korea. 1. among 626 frogs examined, 4 percent were infected with sparganum, but none with gnathostoma. the infection rates of sparganum were variable according to the areas. those from kimhae, sunchun, jinhae, sachun, kosung, keoje, and hadong were 16 %, 9.1 %, 9.1 %, 4.1 %, 2 %, 2 %, and 1.5 % respectively, but frogs from hapchun, ... | 1983 | 12902672 |
| morphometric relationships of take-off speed in anuran amphibians. | locomotory speed correlates with muscle mass (determining force and stride rate), limb length (stride rate and distance), and laterally compressed body trunk (force and stride distance). to delineate generalization of the locomotory-morphometric relationships specifically in anuran amphibians, we investigated take-off speed and the three morphological variables from seven species, rana nigromaculata, r. rugosa, and bombina orientalis, eleuthrodectilus fitzingeri, e. diastema, bufo typhonius, col ... | 2003 | 12975797 |
| dorsal striatopallidal system in anurans. | the dorsal striatopallidal system of tetrapods consists of the dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen in mammals) and the dorsal pallidum. although the existence of striatal and pallidal structures has been well documented in anuran amphibians, the exact boundaries of these structures have so far been a matter of debate. to delineate precisely the dorsal striatopallidal system of anurans, we used quantitative analysis of leucine-enkephalin immunohistochemistry (in bombina orientalis, discoglossus pict ... | 2004 | 14648686 |
| effects of meal size, meal type, and body temperature on the specific dynamic action of anurans. | specific dynamic action (sda), the increase in metabolism stemming from meal digestion and assimilation, varies as a function of meal size, meal type, and body temperature. to test predictions of these three determinants of sda, we quantified and compared the sda responses of nine species of anurans, bombina orientalis, bufo cognatus, ceratophrys ornata, dyscophus antongilli, hyla cinerea, kassina maculata, kassina senegalensis, pyxicephalus adspersus, and rana catesbeiana subjected to meal size ... | 2007 | 17106741 |
| chondrogenesis and ossification of the lissamphibian pectoral girdle. | knowledge of amphibian shoulder development is requisite for further understanding of gnathostome pectoral girdle evolution. fish and amniotes share few pectoral girdle elements, but modern amphibians exhibit a unique combination of traits that bridge the morphological gap between these two groups. i analyzed patterns of chondrogenesis, ossification, and bone histology of the pectoral girdles of two anuran species (xenopus laevis and bombina orientalis) and two urodele species (ambystoma mexican ... | 2008 | 17999401 |
| the bv8 gene from bombina orientalis: molecular cloning, genomic organization and functional characterization of the promoter. | bv8 is a secreted peptide from bombina variegata skin glands with a molecular mass close to 8kda that is conserved in fish, amphibians and mammals. bv8 has diverse regulatory roles, including an involvement in hematopoiesis and immunomodulation. here we report the genomic organization of the gene from bombina orientalis coding for the bv8 homolog (bo8). it contains three exons separated by two large introns. several putative transcription factor binding sites have been identified in the promoter ... | 2009 | 19747954 |
| peptide dv-28 amide: an inhibitor of bradykinin-induced arterial smooth muscle relaxation encoded by bombina orientalis skin kininogen-2. | skin kininogens from bombinid toads encode an array of bradykinin-related peptides and one such kininogen from bombina maxima also encodes the potent bradykinin b2-receptor antagonist, kinestatin. in order to determine if the skin secretion of the closely-related toad, bombina orientalis, contained a bradykinin inhibitory peptide related to kinestatin, we screened reverse phase hplc fractions of defensive skin secretion using a rat tail artery smooth muscle preparation. a fraction was located th ... | 2010 | 20138946 |
| effects of nonylphenol on early embryonic development, pigmentation and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine-induced metamorphosis in bombina orientalis (amphibia: anura). | nonylphenol (np) is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor in many aquatic species. in an effort to highlight the developmental toxicity of np in amphibians, we examined the effects of np on the embryonic survival, tadpole growth, melanophore development and metamorphosis of a native korean amphibian species, bombina orientalis (anura). when treated to fertilized eggs, 1 μm np significantly decreased embryonic survival at 48 h post fertilization (p.f.), suggesting that 1 μm np can exert systemic toxi ... | 2010 | 20870264 |
| skull development during anuran metamorphosis: i. early development of the first three bones to form--the exoccipital, the parasphenoid, and the frontoparietal. | in anuran amphibians, cranial bones typically first form at metamorphosis when they rapidly invest or replace the cartilaginous larval skull. we describe early development of the first three bones to form in the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis--the parasphenoid, the frontoparietal, and the exoccipital--based on examination of serial sections. each of these bones is fully differentiated by gosner stage 31 (hindlimb in paddle stage) during premetamorphosis. this is at least six gosn ... | 2012 | 3379643 |
| embryo surface morphology during post-gastrula development of the frog, bombina orientalis, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. | to further study the morphology of the developing amphibian embryo, and to provide a basis for the characterization of abnormal embryogenesis, surface features of the bombina orientalis embryo during post-gastrula development were examined with the scanning electron microscope. ciliated cells similar to those reported for rama pipiens and ambystoma mexicanum were observed in the epidermis. epidermal secretory cells displaying large numbers of exocytotis apertures become prominent at the early ta ... | 1996 | 500492 |
| microbiome variation across amphibian skin regions: implications for chytridiomycosis mitigation efforts. | cutaneous bacteria may play an important role in the resistance of amphibians to the pathogenic fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd). microbial communities resident on hosts' skin show topographical diversity mapping to skin features, as demonstrated by studies of the human microbiome. we examined skin microbiomes of wild and captive fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis) for differences across their body surface. we found that bacterial communities differed between ventral and dorsal ski ... | 2016 | 26271741 |
| swabbing often fails to detect amphibian chytridiomycosis under conditions of low infection load. | the pathogenic chytrid fungus, batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (denoted bd), causes large-scale epizootics in naïve amphibian populations. intervention strategies to rapidly respond to bd incursions require sensitive and accurate diagnostic methods. chytridiomycosis usually is assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) amplification of amphibian skin swabs. results based on this method, however, sometimes yield inconsistent results on infection status and inaccurate scores of infec ... | 2014 | 25333363 |
| feleucin-bo1: a novel antimicrobial non-apeptide amide from the skin secretion of the toad, bombina orientalis, and design of a potent broad-spectrum synthetic analogue, feleucin-k3. | feleucins-bv1 and -bv2 are recently described prototypes of a novel antimicrobial non-apeptide (amp) family identified in the skin secretion of the bombinid toad, bombina variegata. they are encoded on different precursors that also encode a novel bombinin. here we describe the identification of feleucin-bo1 (flgllgsllamide) which is co-encoded with a different novel bombinin, named feleucin precursor-associated bombinin (fpa-bombinin-bo), from the skin secretion of bombina orientalis. synthetic ... | 2015 | 25056849 |
| phylogenetic relationships of discoglossid frogs (amphibia:anura:discoglossidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) genome was determined for three species of discoglossid frogs (amphibia:anura:discoglossidae), representing three of the four recognized genera: alytes obstetricans, bombina orientalis, and discoglossus galganoi. the organization and size of these newly determined mt genomes are similar to those previously reported for other vertebrates. phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, bayesian inference, minimum evolution, and maximum parsimo ... | 2004 | 15588590 |
| histological examination of the effects of corticosterone in larvae of the western toad, bufo boreas (anura: bufonidae), and the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis (anura: discoglossidae). | the effects of corticosterone (cort)-treatment on various tissues were examined in two species of anuran larvae, the discoglossid bombina orientalis, and the bufonid bufo boreas. corticosterone was administered directly into aquarium water for 15 days. after treatment, histological analyses were conducted on skin, gut, spleen, thymus, and neural and muscle tissue. corticosterone treatment prevented sloughing of the skin, which resulted in a build-up of stratum corneum, and inhibited the developm ... | 1995 | 8531204 |
| identification and molecular cloning of novel trypsin inhibitor analogs from the dermal venom of the oriental fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis) and the european yellow-bellied toad (bombina variegata). | the structural diversity of polypeptides in amphibian skin secretion probably reflects different roles in dermal regulation or in defense against predators. here we report the structures of two novel trypsin inhibitor analogs, boti and bvti, from the dermal venom of the toads, bombina orientalis and bombina variegata. cloning of their respective precursors was achieved from lyophilized venom cdna libraries for the first time. amino acid alignment revealed that both deduced peptides, consisting o ... | 2003 | 12948839 |
| skin bacterial community reorganization following metamorphosis of the fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis). | in organisms with complex life histories, dramatic changes in microbial community structure may occur with host development and immune system maturation. amphibian host susceptibility to diseases such as chytridiomycosis may be affected by the reorganization of skin microbial community structure that occurs during metamorphosis. we tracked changes in the bacterial communities inhabiting skin of korean fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis) that we infected as tadpoles with different strains of ... | 2017 | 28725944 |
| efferent axonal projections of the habenular complex in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | the habenular complex and its associated axonal pathways are often thought of as phylogenetically conserved features of the brain among vertebrates despite the fact that detailed studies of this brain region are limited to a few species. here, the gross morphology and axonal projection pattern of the habenular complex of an anuran amphibian, the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis, was studied to allow comparison with the situation in other vertebrates. axonal pathways were traced using biocyti ... | 2017 | 29130952 |
| molecular characterization and bioactivity evaluation of two novel bombinin peptides from the skin secretion of oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. | following the exploration of biochemicals in amphibian defensive skin secretion, great attention has been focused on the novel bioactive peptides with unique molecular structures and complicated features and functions. in this study, the skin secretion of oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis, was acquired to search peptides with therapeutic potential. using "shotgun" cloning technique, a full-length peptide precursor co-encoding two novel bombinin peptides was cloned from the skin secr ... | 0 | 29098406 |
| discovery of two bombinin peptides with antimicrobial and anticancer activities from the skin secretion of oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. | amphibian skin secretions are known to contain numerous peptides with a large array of biological activities. bombinins are a group of amphibian-derived peptides with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities that have been only identified from the ancient toad species, bombina. in this study, we described the identification and characterization of a novel bombinin precursor which encoded a bombinin-like peptide (blp-7) and a novel bombinin h-type peptide (named as bombinin h-bo) from the skin sec ... | 0 | 28636781 |
| nickel affects gill and muscle development in oriental fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis) embryos. | the developmental toxicity of nickel was examined in the embryos of bombina orientalis, a common amphibian in korea. based on a standard frog embryo teratogenesis assay, the lc50 and ec50 for malformation of nickel after 168h of treatment were 33.8μm and 5.4μm, respectively. at a lethal concentration (100μm), nickel treatment decreased the space between gill filaments and caused epithelial swelling and abnormal fusion of gill filaments. these findings suggest that nickel affects the functional d ... | 2017 | 27871005 |
| composition of the cutaneous bacterial community in japanese amphibians: effects of captivity, host species, and body region. | the cutaneous microbiota plays a significant role in the biology of their vertebrate hosts, and its composition is known to be influenced both by host and environment, with captive conditions often altering alpha diversity. here, we compare the cutaneous bacterial communities of 61 amphibians (both wild and captive) from hiroshima, japan, using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of a segment of the 16s rrna gene. the majority of these samples came from a captive breeding facility at hiroshima u ... | 2016 | 27278778 |
| influence of geology and human activity on the genetic structure and demography of the oriental fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis). | the oriental fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis) is a commonly used study organism, but knowledge of its evolutionary history is incomplete. we analyze sequence data from four genetic markers (mtdna genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit i, cytochrome b, and 12s-16s rrna; nudna gene encoding recombination activating gene 2) from 188 individuals across its range in northeast asia to elucidate phylogeographic patterns and to identify the historic events that shaped its evolutionary history ... | 2016 | 26748269 |
| retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in the oriental fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | the vertebrate visual system is determined by two main factors, a species' lifestyle and phylogenetic legacy. studying the visual system in outgroup lineages may shed some light on the balance of these factors within a certain radiation. we studied the topography of retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) in the retina of the oriental fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. these toads belong to the ancient superfamily discoglossoidea, a sister group to all extant anura except for two small families. rgcs w ... | 2015 | 26628265 |
| alfaxalone-butorphanol versus alfaxalone-morphine combination for immersion anaesthesia in oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). | oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis) are small semi-aquatic anuran species popular as both pets and laboratory animals. although they are commonly anaesthetized to undergo clinical and experimental procedures, very little is known about their anaesthetic management. the aims of this prospective, randomized, cross-over experimental trial were to establish effective butorphanol and morphine concentrations to be added to alfaxalone for immersion anaesthesia (pilot study), and to compare ... | 2016 | 26306614 |
| alfaxalone versus alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine anaesthesia by immersion in oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). | to determine a dexmedetomidine concentration, to be added to an alfaxalone-based bath solution, that will enhance the anaesthetic and analgesic effects of alfaxalone; and to compare the quality of anaesthesia and analgesia provided by immersion with either alfaxalone alone or alfaxalone with dexmedetomidine in oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). | 2016 | 26220762 |
| alfaxalone anesthesia by immersion in oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). | to establish an effective alfaxalone concentration to be used for bath immersion of fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis) and to describe its effects. | 2015 | 25711769 |
| etomidate anaesthesia by immersion in oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of etomidate anaesthesia by immersion technique in bombina orientalis. the study comprised two phases. the first phase was carried out to identify the etomidate concentration capable of producing anaesthetic induction, as well as surgical anaesthesia, in the toads. the second phase was aimed at testing that concentration in eight additional animals. etomidate administered via immersion at a concentration of 37.5 mg/l ... | 2015 | 25673664 |
| impacts of uvb provision and dietary calcium content on serum vitamin d3 , growth rates, skeletal structure and coloration in captive oriental fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). | many amphibian species are dependent on ex situ conservation interventions for their long-term persistence. however, projects have been jeopardised by husbandry issues involving poor calcium metabolism and nutritional metabolic bone disease (nmbd). healthy calcium metabolism requires appropriate dietary calcium content and access to vitamin d3 . in many animals, vitamin d3 can be photobiosynthesised in skin exposed to uvb radiation, as well as extracted from the diet, but the extent of vitamin d ... | 2015 | 24810567 |
| illness-dependent conditioned prey avoidance in an amphibian. | conditioned taste avoidance (cta) helps prevent consumption of dangerous foods. it results from the pairing of a novel food or taste with subsequent aversive consequences, such as illness. previous studies of cta in amphibians have produced conflicting results. establishing the presence or absence of cta in amphibians is needed to clarify the phylogeny of this phenomenon. this experiment evaluated the ability of the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis to avoid a novel food item previously paire ... | 2014 | 24480408 |
| organization of afferents to the striatopallidal systems in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | the cerebral hemispheres of amphibians display paired dorsal and ventral striatum (commonly referred to as striatum proper and nucleus accumbens, respectively). each striatal region is proposed to be closely associated with a pallidal structure located caudal to it to form a striatopallidal system. in the present study, afferents to the dorsal and ventral striatopallidal systems of the fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis) were investigated using the neuronal tracer biocytin. a quantitative ana ... | 2014 | 23881295 |
| modification of a prey catching response and the development of behavioral persistence in the fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis). | the present report investigated how fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis) modified their response in a prey catching task in which the attribution of food reward was contingent on snapping toward a visual stimulus of moving prey displayed on a computer screen. two experiments investigated modification of the snapping response, with different intervals between the opportunity to snap at the visual stimulus and reward administration. the snapping response of unpaired controls was decreased compa ... | 2013 | 23668694 |
| daily temperature fluctuations unpredictably influence developmental rate and morphology at a critical early larval stage in a frog. | environmental temperature has profound consequences for early amphibian development and many field and laboratory studies have examined this. most laboratory studies that have characterized the influence of temperature on development in amphibians have failed to incorporate the realities of diel temperature fluctuations (dtf), which can be considerable for pond-breeding amphibians. | 2013 | 23641898 |
| multisensory signals trigger approach behaviour in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis: sex differences and call specificity. | animal communication often involves multimodal signals, and interactions between sensory modalities can trigger unique responses in receivers. response to social signals was investigated in fire-bellied toads by exposing them to playback of male calls (advertisement and release calls) and a video clip of a male conspecific in the laboratory. the cues were presented in isolation and as a combined bimodal stimulus, and approach frequency, latency to approach and time spent around the stimulus sour ... | 2011 | 21993061 |
| visual discrimination learning in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | this study explored the visual discrimination learning ability of fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis). two groups of toads were trained in a simultaneous visual discrimination task involving video footage of either black crickets on a white background (black-cricket toads) or white crickets on a black background (white-cricket toads). fifteen widely spaced acquisition trials were followed by 12 reversal trials. successful learning was observed by decreased incorrect snapping and reduced late ... | 2010 | 21048232 |
| an indirect basal ganglia pathway in anuran amphibians? | the mammalian subthalamic nucleus (stn) is a glutamatergic cell group within the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia. it receives input from the external globus pallidus (gp) and in turn projects to the internal gp and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (snr). while the direct pathway from striatum to snr is well established in anurans, it is unknown whether they possess an indirect pathway including a stn homologue. the subthalamic region comprises the dorsocaudal suprachiasmatic nucleus (d ... | 2010 | 20206683 |
| thalamo-telencephalic pathways in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | it was suggested that among extant vertebrates, anuran amphibians display a brain organization closest to the ancestral tetrapod condition, and recent research suggests that anuran brains share important similarities with the brains of amniotes. the thalamus is the major source of sensory input to the telencephalon in both amphibians and amniote vertebrates, and this sensory input is critical for higher brain functions. the present study investigated the thalamo-telencephalic pathways in the fir ... | 2008 | 18395828 |
| organization of the sensory input to the telencephalon in the fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. | the functional organization of sensory activity in the amphibian telencephalon is poorly understood. we used an in vitro brain preparation to compare the anatomy of afferent pathways with the localization of electrically evoked sensory potentials and single neuron intracellular responses in the telencephalon of the toad bombina orientalis. anatomical tracing showed that the anterior thalamic nucleus innervates the anterior parts of the medial, dorsal, and lateral pallia and the rostralmost part ... | 2007 | 17335050 |
| organization of the pallium in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. i: morphology and axonal projection pattern of neurons revealed by intracellular biocytin labeling. | the cytoarchitecture and axonal projection pattern of pallial areas was studied in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis by intracellular injection of biocytin into a total of 326 neurons forming 204 clusters. five pallial regions were identified, differing in morphology and projection pattern of neurons. the rostral pallium receiving the bulk of dorsal thalamic afferents has reciprocal connections with all other pallial areas and projects to the septum, nucleus accumbens, and anterior dorsal ... | 2007 | 17245707 |
| the septal complex of the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis: chemoarchitecture. | in order to investigate whether chemoarchitecture would support the subdivision of the anuran septum based on cytoarchitectonic and hodological studies, we performed enzyme-histochemical detection of nadph-diaphorase and immunohistological demonstration of choline-acetyl transferase (chat), aspartate, calretinin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide y (npy), somatostatin, leu- and leu + met-enkephalin, and substance p in the fire-bellied toad b ... | 2006 | 16229986 |
| neuropeptide y suppresses glucose utilization in the dorsal optic tectum towards visual stimulation in the toad bombina orientalis: a [14c]2dg study. | neuropeptide y (npy) experimentally administered to the surface of the optic tectum in visually stimulated fire bellied toads diminishes local glucose utilization in the retinorecipient tectal laminae. strong npy-induced suppression of tectal glucose utilization was found even when visual retinal input to the tectum was boosted pharmacologically under systemic apomorphine treatment. these novel results on the local cerebral energy metabolism contribute to the concept that npy controls retinotect ... | 2006 | 16209904 |
| connectivity and cytoarchitecture of telencephalic centers in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis, the connectivity and cytoarchitecture of telencephalic structures were studied by intracellular, anterograde and retrograde biocytin labelling in order to elucidate the neuronal basis of fear conditioning and context learning in amphibians. our findings suggest the existence of a central amygdala-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis complex in the caudal mid-ventral telencephalon, a vomeronasal amygdala in the caudolateral ventral telencephalon, an olf ... | 2005 | 16144601 |
| immunohistological characterization of striatal and amygdalar structures in the telencephalon of the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | the subpallium of the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis was studied by means of enzyme-histological detection of nadph-diaphorase and immunohistological demonstration of aspartate, gaba, calretinin, choline-acetyl transferase, leu-and met-enkephalin, neuropeptide y, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (serotonin), somatostatin, substance p and tyrosine-hydroxylase. as in other vertebrates, the striato-pallidum is characterized by gaba-, substance p- and enkephalin-immunoreactivity. neurons and fibers differ ... | 2005 | 15961238 |
| molecular cloning of mrna from toad granular gland secretion and lyophilized skin: identification of bo8--a novel prokineticin from bombina orientalis. | prokineticins are small (approximately 8 kda), biologically active secretory proteins whose primary structures have been highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom. representatives have been identified in the defensive skin secretions of several amphibians reflecting the immense structural/functional diversity of polypeptides in such. here we describe the identification of a prokineticin homolog (designated bo8) from the skin secretion of the oriental fire-bellied toad (bombina orientalis). ... | 2005 | 15652643 |
| morphology and axonal projection pattern of neurons in the telencephalon of the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis: an anterograde, retrograde, and intracellular biocytin labeling study. | the connectivity and cytoarchitecture of telencephalic centers except dorsal and medial pallium were studied in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis by anterograde and retrograde biocytin labeling and intracellular biocytin injection (total of 148 intracellularly labeled neurons or neuron clusters). our findings suggest the following telencephalic divisions: (1) a central amygdala-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the caudal midventral telencephalon, connected to visceral-autonomic cent ... | 2004 | 15334648 |
| topographic representation of vestibular and somatosensory signals in the anuran thalamus. | in the isolated brain of the fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis, the spatial distribution of vestibular and somatosensory responses in thalamic nuclei was studied following electrical activation of the vth nerve, the ramus anterior of the viiith nerve and of the dorsal roots of spinal nerves 3 and 8. responses were systematically mapped in frontal planes through the diencephalon at four rostro-caudal levels. the calculated activity maps were superimposed on the outlines of diencephalic nuclei ... | 2004 | 14980737 |
| morphology, axonal projection pattern, and responses to optic nerve stimulation of thalamic neurons in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. | intracellular recording and biocytin labeling were carried out in the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis to study the morphology and axonal projections of thalamic (th) neurons and their responses to electrical optic nerve stimulation. labeled neurons (n = 142) were divided into the following groups: th1 neurons projecting to the dorsal striatum; th2 neurons projecting to the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and septal nuclei; th3 neurons projecting to the medial or dorsal pallium; th4 neurons wit ... | 2003 | 12722107 |
| audio-motor interface in anurans. | like males of many anuran species, fire-bellied toads (bombina orientalis) call antiphonally, which demonstrates an auditory input into the call-generating network. males produce their calls by an inspiratory airstream, which is generated exclusively by contraction of the muscles of the buccal cavity. the painted frog (discoglossus pictus) possesses a combined inspiratory and expiratory call mechanism, and also uses only buccal muscles. these muscles are controlled by branchial motoneurons, whic ... | 1994 | 7803157 |
| skull development during anuran metamorphosis: iii. role of thyroid hormone in chondrogenesis. | metamorphosis of cranial cartilages in anuran amphibians constitutes one of the most dramatic and extensive ontogenetic transformations in vertebrates. we quantitatively examined the role of thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine; t3) in mediating gross aspects of this morphological repatterning in the skull of the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. t3 was administered via plastic (elvax) micropellets in three treatment dosages (2.5, 0.25, and 0.025 microgram) and one control d ... | 1988 | 3392514 |
| skull development during anuran metamorphosis. ii. role of thyroid hormone in osteogenesis. | we examined the role of thyroid hormone (th) in mediating cranial ossification during metamorphosis in the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. exogenous t3 (3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine) was administered in three treatment dosages (0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 micrograms) plus a control dosage via plastic micropellets implanted within the dermis of tadpoles of three gosner developmental stages: 28/29, 30/31, 32/33. tadpoles were recovered after 2, 4, 6, and 8 d, and scored for the presence of ... | 1988 | 3414976 |
| the synergistic antimicrobial effects of novel bombinin and bombinin h peptides from the skin secretion of bombina orientalis. | bombinin and bombinin h are two antimicrobial peptide (amp) families initially discovered from the skin secretion of bombina that share the same biosynthetic precursor-encoding cdnas, but have different structures and physicochemical properties. insight into their possible existing relationship lead us to perform the combination investigations into their anti-infectious activities. in this work, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of two novel amps belonging to bombin ... | 2017 | 28894024 |
| developmental and acute toxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride in bombina orientalis (amphibia: anura). | in an effort to evaluate the toxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc), a cationic surfactant in amphibians, we examined the developmental and acute toxicity of cpc in bombina orientalis embryos and tadpoles. embryonic exposure to 2.0μm (0.72mg/l) cpc for 7 days significantly decreased the survival rates and increased dna damage in the intestine of developed tadpoles. exposure to 1.5μm (0.54mg/l) cpc significantly decreased the growth of embryos and increased developmental abnormalities. the 16 ... | 2016 | 27399156 |
| maldi tof/tof-based approach for the identification of d- amino acids in biologically active peptides and proteins. | several biologically active peptides contain a d- amino acid in a well-defined position, which is position 2 in all peptide epimers isolated to date from vertebrates and also some from invertebrates. the detection of such d- residues by standard analytical techniques is challenging. in tandem mass spectrometric (ms) analysis, although fragment masses are the same for all stereoisomers, peak intensities are known to depend on chirality. here, we observe that the effect of a d- amino acid in the s ... | 2016 | 26985971 |
| seminiferous epithelium cycle in bombina orientalis. | the purpose of the present study was to examine the seminiferous epithelium cycle of bombina orientalis using a light microscope. the cycle was divided into a total of 10 stages, according to the morphological characteristics of the cells. the spermatogenetic cells included primary spermatogonia, secondary spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatid and sperm. at stage i, the primary spermatogonia was located closer to basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule without ... | 2015 | 25949204 |
| sensitization of vitellogenin gene expression by low doses of octylphenol is mediated by estrogen receptor autoregulation in the bombina orientalis (boulenger) male liver. | this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which alkylphenols disrupt endocrine function in wild amphibians in korea. to this end, the effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (op), 17β-estradiol (e2), and estrogen receptor (er) agonists on the expression profiles of vitellogenin (vtg) and ers were examined in livers obtained from male bombina orientalis toads. a single injection of e2 (10μg/kg; 0.03μmol/kg) induced transcription of vtg mrna at 2 days post injection; however, injection of either the e ... | 2014 | 25248154 |
| numerical discrimination by frogs (bombina orientalis). | evidence has been reported for quantity discrimination in mammals and birds and, to a lesser extent, fish and amphibians. for the latter species, however, whether quantity discrimination would reflect sensitivity to number or to the continuous physical variables that covary with number is unclear. here we reported a series of experiments with frogs (bombina orientalis) tested in free-choice experiments for their preferences for different amounts of preys (tenebrio molitor larvae) with systematic ... | 2015 | 25108417 |
| developmental toxicity of treated municipal wastewater effluent on bombina orientalis (amphibia: anura) embryos. | amphibian populations have been decreasing in urban freshwater systems in korea. to elucidate the biological safety of treated wastewater effluent (twe) in the tancheon basin, the capital area of korea, a 7-d-exposure bombina orientalis embryo developmental toxicity assay was examined during the breeding season. in march, there were no significant differences in embryonic survival or malformation among the water samples. in july, following monsoon precipitation, embryonic lethality in twe was si ... | 2014 | 24436004 |
| effect of carbaryl on survival and development in bombina orientalis (boulenger) embryos. | bombina orientalis is one of the most common amphibians in the world and comprise a large proportion of their total number in korea. b. orientalis, spawns in the farming regions at spring when the massive application of agricultural chemicals occurs. carbaryl, carbamate chemical is a slightly to highly toxic insecticide inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. the embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects of carbaryl on b. orientalis embryos were investigated at 5, 10, 50 and 100 mum. the survival rates of ... | 2010 | 20401602 |
| effects of endocrine disruptors on bombina orientalis p450 aromatase activity. | to assess the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the expression and activity of aromatase in the gonads of bombina orientalis, a common amphibian, we intraperitoneally injected nonylphenol or bisphenol-a and then examined aromatase mrna levels by rt-pcr as well as aromatase enzymatic activity by tritiated water release assays. to design primers for the rt-pcr, we cloned the b. orientalis aromatase gene using rt-pcr and degenerate primers. the full-length cdna was obtained by 5'- and 3' ... | 2010 | 20377353 |
| effects of molinate on survival and development of bombina orientalis (boulenger) embryos. | molinate, a thiocarbamate chemical is a slightly to moderately toxic herbicide in epa (environmental protection agency) toxicity class iii, and is a registered as a general use pesticide (gup). bombina orientalis is one of the most common amphibians in the world and comprise a large proportion of their total number in korea. b. orientalis spawns in the rice fields at spring when the massive application of agricultural chemicals occurs. in the present study, we examined the effects of molinate on ... | 2009 | 19002362 |
| effects of endosulfan on survival and development of bombina orientalis (boulenger) embryos. | the developmental toxicity of endosulfan was examined in the anuran bombina orientalis embryos. survival rates of embryos following 50 microm endosulfan treatment was significantly lower than vehicle control at 96 h onward. when the embryos develop to the tail fin circulation stage, embryonic survival was significantly decreased by 10 microm endosulfan treatment. surviving embryos showed various developmental abnormalities including tail dysplasia at 50 microm. by hampering the embryonic develop ... | 2008 | 18587519 |
| effect of nonylphenol on the expression of hepatic vitellogenin mrna in male bombina orientalis (boulenger). | | 2006 | 16832750 |
| ecological and developmental context of natural selection: maternal effects and thermally induced plasticity in the frog bombina orientalis. | variation in fitness generated by differences in functional performance can often be traced to morphological variation among individuals within natural populations. however, morphological variation itself is strongly influenced by environmental factors (e.g., temperature) and maternal effects (e.g., variation in egg size). understanding the full ecological context of individual variation and natural selection therefore requires an integrated view of how the interaction between the environment an ... | 2006 | 16568639 |
| cdna cloning and expression of ferritin heavy chain 1, ferritin heavy chain 2 and hemoglobin genes from the fire-bellied frog bombina orientalis. | we cloned two bombina orientalis ferritin heavy chains (ferritin heavy chains 1 and 2) and one hemoglobin beta-chain gene from a b. orientalis oviduct cdna library, and the length of transcripts was 882, 858 and 611 bp encoding 177, 177 and 148 aa, respectively. b. orientalis ferritin heavy chain genes showed high similarity to those of amphibia (88-93%), mammals (70-71%), and fishes (70-72%), and the hemoglobin beta-chain gene showed moderate similarity to amphibian (65-68%) and mammalian (54-5 ... | 2005 | 16329165 |
| bisphenol a induces hepatic vitellogenin mrna in male bombina orientalis. | | 2005 | 16228865 |
| effects of alachlor on survival and development of bombina orientalis (boulenger) embryos. | | 2005 | 16158861 |
| cdna cloning and expression of atp synthase subunit b from the fire-bellied frog bombina orientalis (anura: discoglossidae). | we cloned the bombina orientalis adenosine triphosphate (atp) synthase subunit b gene from a b. orientalis oviduct cdna library. the transcript was 997 bp long and encoded 250 amino acid residues. it showed high similarity to amphibian (84-85%), mammalian (56-62%) and invertebrate (46-50%) sequences. in phylogenetic analyses, it clustered with other amphibian sequences. this gene was highly expressed in brain, intestine and oviduct but not in muscle and liver. in this paper, we report the basic ... | 2004 | 15497442 |
| two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of liver proteins following nonylphenol treatment of bombina orientalis boulenger. | | 2004 | 15386060 |
| [intestinal motility of bombina orientalis hatchlings]. | | 2002 | 12695586 |
| integration of ascending and descending inputs in the auditory midbrain of anurans. | in anurans, the midbrain torus semicircularis is involved in auditory processing and audio-motor integration. in this study, we examined the influence of descending forebrain projections on the auditory response properties and hence the audiomotor transmission of mesencephalic interface neurons. in order to investigate response integration, we performed intracellular recordings from torus neurons in an isolated brain preparation of discoglossus pictus and bombina orientalis and stimulated the au ... | 2014 | 11288824 |
| involvement of rel factors in the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in amphibia. | genes coding for antimicrobial peptides in amphibia reveal a remarkably high number of structural motifs for response elements, previously identified in the genes of insect antimicrobial peptides and in those of the mammalian acute phase response. this study focuses on the functional analysis of the bombinin gene promoter in a drosophila blood cell line, and the identification of kappab-binding factors in skin secretions of the frog bombina orientalis. transfection experiments demonstrated that ... | 2001 | 11168381 |
| sequence of a gene from bombina orientalis coding for the antimicrobial peptide blp-7. | the structure of a gene coding for bombinin-like peptides (blp) in bombina orientalis was determined. it comprises two exons separated by a 1337 bp intron. exon 1 codes for the signal peptide, while exon 2 contains the genetic information for blp-7 and a bombinin h-type peptide (gh-2). the promoter region contains putative recognition sites for nuclear factors, such as nf-il6 and nf-kappab. the analysis of the structure of this gene, compared with that of the previously reported blp-3 gene seque ... | 2000 | 11090922 |
| an immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, bombina orientalis. | the regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells was studied immunohistochemically (pap method) in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, bombina orientalis, using antisera against serotonin, somatostatin, chromogranin (cg), cholecystokinin (cck)-8, bombesin, secretin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (pp). eight kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. these immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric glands of the stomach regions and in the inte ... | 2000 | 10907684 |
| pharmacology and cell biology of the bombesin receptor subtype 4 (bb4-r). | recently, a fourth member of the bombesin (bn) receptor family (fbb4-r) was isolated from a cdna library from the brain of the frog, bombina orientalis. its pharmacology and cell biology are largely unknown, and no known natural cell lines or tissues possess sufficient numbers of fbb4-r's to allow either of these to be determined. to address these issues, we have used three different strategies. fbb4-r expression in cells widely used for other bn receptor subtypes was unsuccessful as was express ... | 1999 | 10353842 |