| flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., a pathogen of eggs and larvae of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus l. | a psychrotrophic flexibacter sp., flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., was isolated from the adherent bacterial epiflora of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) eggs and was shown to be an opportunistic pathogen for halibut eggs and larvae. the strains which we isolated had the enzymatic capacity to dissolve both the chorion and the zona radiata of the egg shells. a total of 35 isolates were characterized by using morphological and biochemical tests. these strains were rod shaped, gram ne ... | 1992 | 1503974 |
| the hatching mechanism in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | in general fish larvae emerge from the protective egg after secreting a hatching enzyme (he) from diffusely located hatching gland cells (hgcs). this proteolytic enzyme is distributed over the entire inner part of the eggshell (zona radiata). in a marine flatfish halibut, (hippoglossus hippoglossus), we have found a more specialized hatching process. a strategic location of the hgcs in a narrow belt on the anterior part of the yolk sac leads to restricted degradation of the eggshell resulting in ... | 1991 | 1868003 |
| relationships between plasmids and phenotypes of presumptive strains of vibrio anguillarum isolated from different fish species. | on the basis of plasmid composition as well as serological and biochemical properties, 26 strains identified as vibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased fish could be assigned to two different groups. except for three reference strains, these++ strains were isolated from norwegian fish. the four strains isolated from rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), the only strain isolated from char (salvelinus alpinus), and three of six strains isolated from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) harbored a plasmid of ... | 1989 | 2729984 |
| [length and weight growth of the atlantic halibut (hipoglossus hipoglossus male, female) off norway according to devold's data (1936)]. | a short review on the behaviour and catching methods for the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus male, female) off norway is given. series of length and weight growth from 12 to 40 or 30 years of age respectively are submitted to nonlinear regressions in order to determine growth functions suited for optimal adaption. results are presented in tables and graphs showing the extreme difference of development between the sexes. finally the weight for age relation is determined in the allover ... | 1985 | 4096406 |
| analysis of trace elements, phosphorus and sulphur, in the lipid and the non-lipid phase of halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) and tunny (thunnus thynnus). | | 1973 | 4796437 |
| nocturnal hatching in the monogenean skin parasite entobdella hippoglossi from the halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus. | | 1974 | 4857039 |
| identification and quantification of corticosteroids in the atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus l. | | 1971 | 5128297 |
| genetic variation in halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.) from norwegian waters. | | 1983 | 6874389 |
| isolation and characterization of somatolactin genes from two cold water marine teleosts, lumpfish (cyclopterus lumpus) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | somatolactin (sl) is a newly discovered pituitary hormone structurally related to both growth hormone and prolactin. we isolated the sl gene from two cold water marine teleosts, lumpfish (cyclopterus lumpus) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). the sl genes for lumpfish were isolated from a complementary dna (cdna) library by random gene tagging and sequencing. two full-size clones of 1.2 (lfsl-6) and 1.6 (lfsl-9) kilobases (kb) were characterized. the sl genes for halibut were identified fr ... | 1993 | 7689905 |
| observations on an intranuclear microsporidian in lymphoblasts from farmed atlantic halibut larvae (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | an intranuclear microsporidian was observed in lymphoblasts from the kidney of farmed atlantic halibut larvae (hippoglossus hippoglossus). in addition to spores, intranuclear pre-spore stages were observed. uninucleated stages with a slight thickening of the cell membrane were the most simple developmental stages observed. multinucleated developmental stages contain electron-lucent vesicles and electron-dense discs. the spores are ovoid and measure 2.9 x 1.2 micron (mean). sporophorous vesicles, ... | 1995 | 7757054 |
| development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon insulin-like growth factor-i. | a specific homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) for measurement of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in plasma of salmonid and a few non-salmonid fish species was developed using recombinant coho salmon igf-i (rsigf-i) as tracer and standard, and antiserum against this peptide raised in rabbits. the minimum detection level of igf-i was 1.5 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in a range from 1.5 to 23 ng/ml. no cross-reaction was detected in the salmon igf-i ria with mammalian growth factors, salmon ... | 1994 | 7843563 |
| development of hatchability in halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) embryos. | halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) eggs raised in darkness hatched between days 14.5 and 16 after fertilization. eggs incubated in white light (3.2 microe/sr1/m2) remained unhatched, so that time of intra ovo development could be doubled. photo-arrest of hatching was non-diapausal since embryonic growth continued. transfer of photo-arrested eggs to darkness induced rapid and synchronous hatching. this procedure allowed analysis of development of hatchability. hatching was not observed prior to ... | 1993 | 8292543 |
| ceratomyxa drepanopsettae in the gallbladder of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus, from the northwest atlantic ocean. | trophozoites of ceratomyxa drepanopsettae averintsev, 1907 (myxosporea: ceratomyxidae) containing prominent refractile granules were found in the gallbladders of all but one of eight halibut, the exception being a single juvenile. they ranged in shape and size from globular forms 5-10 micron in diameter, to rounded structures with pseudopodia and one or more processes that were up to 500 micron in length and packed with refractile granules. some trophozoites were free in the bile, while others w ... | 1996 | 8682407 |
| isolation, characterization, and radioimmunoassay of atlantic halibut somatolactin and plasma levels during stress and reproduction in flatfish. | somatolactin (sl), a recently identified teleost pituitary hormone which is a member of the growth hormone/prolactin family, was isolated from pituitary tissue of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). pituitary proteins were extracted in ammonium bicarbonate (ph 7.8), fractionated using gel filtration chromatography, and purified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. halibut sl was identified on the basis of molecular size (determined by gel electrophoresis and mas ... | 1997 | 9038252 |
| role of the pineal organ in the photoregulated hatching of the atlantic halibut. | the timing of hatching in the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) has been suggested to be regulated by environmental light conditions. however, the photosensory organ that perceives the triggering light has not been identified. in the present study, we investigated the morphogenesis of the pineal organ and the neurochemical differentiation of photoreceptors in the pineal organ and the retina of the atlantic halibut during embryonic development. immunocytochemical techniques were used f ... | 1997 | 9303347 |
| a comparative study of pentraxin-like proteins in different fish species. | pentraxins are a family of pentameric serum proteins that have been conserved in evolution and share sequence homology, similar subunit assembly and the capacity for calcium-dependent ligand binding. the classical pentraxins are human c-reactive protein (crp) and serum amyloid p component (sap). the sequence homology and gene organization indicate that they arose from a gene duplication of an ancestral pentraxin gene. they are usually isolated based on their affinity for phosphorylcholine and ag ... | 1998 | 9639088 |
| levels of choroidal body carbonic anhydrase activity and glycogen in farmed halibut. | we postulate that ocular abnormalities in farmed atlantic halibut occur following aberrant gas production in the choroidal body associated with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. we investigated choroidal body carbonic anhydrase activity in affected and normal halibut. immunohistochemical detection of carbonic anhydrase allowed neither quantification of enzyme levels nor determination of enzyme activity. histochemical detection of carbonic anhydrase, however, allowed microdensitometric quantificatio ... | 1998 | 9883090 |
| natural copepods are superior to enriched artemia nauplii as feed for halibut larvae (hippoglossus hippoglossus) in terms of survival, pigmentation and retinal morphology: relation to dietary essential fatty acids. | replicate groups of halibut larvae were fed to d 71 post-first feeding (pff) either the marine copepod, eurytemora velox, or artemia nauplii doubly enriched with the marine chromist or golden algae, schizochytrium sp., (algamac 2000) and a commercial oil emulsion (superselco). the fatty acid compositions of eyes, brains and livers from larvae fed the two diets were measured, and indices of growth, eye migration and skin pigmentation were recorded along with histological examinations of eye and l ... | 1999 | 10356085 |
| single-dose pharmacokinetics of flumequine in halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | flumequine was administered to halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus) intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) at a dose of 10 mg/ kg bodyweight, and as a bath-treatment at a dose of 10 mg/l water for 2 h, using identical experimental designs. the study was performed in seawater with a salinity of 3% and a temperature of 10.3+/-0.4 degrees c (halibut) and 18.0+/-0.3 degrees c (turbot). pharmacokinetic modelling of the data showed that flumequine had quite similar pha ... | 1999 | 10372596 |
| transmission of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) to yolk-sac larvae of the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus: occurrence of nodavirus in various organs and a possible route of infection. | the susceptibility of the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk-sac larvae to viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) was investigated by waterborne challenge experiments with nodavirus. transfer of ver was indicated by several lines of evidence. a significantly higher cumulative mortality was observed after challenge with virus compared to mock challenge, and increasing doses of virus resulted in shorter incubation periods. when the challenge was performed on the day after hatching ... | 1999 | 10399037 |
| polymorphic microsatellite markers for atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus. | | 1999 | 10583844 |
| pathogenicity of nodavirus strains from striped jack pseudocaranx dentex and atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus, studied by waterborne challenge of yolk-sac larvae of both teleost species. | the present study shows that differences in pathogenicity exist among fish nodavirus strains. in challenge trials, a japanese strain (sj93nag) was highly virulent to larvae of the striped jack pseudocaranx dentex but replication was not detected in larvae of atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus at 6 degrees c. conversely, a norwegian nodavirus strain (ah95nora) that was highly virulent to the atlantic halibut larvae did not replicate in striped jack larvae at 20 degrees c. occurrence of th ... | 1999 | 10686668 |
| characterization of the capsid protein gene from a nodavirus strain affecting the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus and design of an optimal reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) detection assay. | a 1349 nucleotide fragment of the rna2 from a nodavirus affecting atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus was characterised and the nuclotide sequence (accession no. aj245641) was employed to develop an optimal reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) detection assay. the sequenced part of the rna2 of atlantic halibut nodavirus (strain ah95nora) was highly similar in organisation to that of the rna2 of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv), and comprised features common ... | 2000 | 10715813 |
| surface disinfection of atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus eggs with ozonated sea-water inactivates nodavirus and increases survival of the larvae. | disinfection by ozonation of sea-water may reduce the risk of transmission of nodavirus, a major fish pathogen, via atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus eggs. in the present study, eggs at 4 d prior to hatching were exposed to nodavirus and then to ozonated sea-water using different concentrations (0.3 to 10 mg l-1) and exposure times (0.5 to 10 min). none of the larvae from virus-exposed eggs washed with ozonated sea-water developed viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver), which was de ... | 2000 | 10715814 |
| isolation and characterization of 11 microsatellite loci in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | | 2000 | 10849301 |
| bath exposure of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) yolk sac larvae to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps): absorption and distribution of the lps and effect on fish survival. | radiolabelled bacterial lipopolysaccharide (3h-lps) obtained from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was added to the petri dishes containing yolk sac larvae of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). the larvae were exposed either to 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 micrograms 3h-lps ml-1. the uptake was both dependent on the lps concentration and the time of exposure. after 5 days of exposure, each larva contained 1.8-7.4 ng 3h-lps dependent on the initial concentration. after 10 days ... | 2000 | 10938728 |
| susceptibility of juvenile and sub-adult atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) to infection by vibrio anguillarum and efficacy of protection induced by vaccination. | experimental bath challenge of juvenile and sub-adult atlantic halibut with vibrio anguillarum induced severe mortalities of 47 and 80%, respectively. however, animals vaccinated with a commercial v. anguillarum vaccine demonstrated excellent protection against the disease (100% rps). this study also describes the gross pathology and histological changes associated with this infection. a loss of coordination, haemorrhage at the fin base and splenomegaly were frequent findings. serum agglutinatin ... | 2000 | 10938742 |
| cloning of an mx cdna from atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) and characterization of mx mrna expression in response to double-stranded rna or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. | mx proteins are gtpases that are specifically induced by type i interferons (ifn) in vertebrates. some mammalian mx proteins have antiviral activity against certain rna viruses. a 2.3-kb full-length cdna clone of an atlantic halibut mx gene was isolated from a liver cdna library. the open reading frame (orf) predicts a 622 amino acid protein of 71.2 kda possessing a tripartite gtp binding motif, a dynamin signature, and a leucine zipper motif, which are conserved in all known mx proteins. the c- ... | 2000 | 10954913 |
| determination of volatile bases in seafood using the ammonia ion selective electrode: collaborative study. | nine collaborating laboratories tested a combination of 23 seafood samples for volatile bases using an ammonia ion selective electrode. results were reported as mg nh3/100 g fish, but the method reflected levels of both ammonia and trimethylamine, which permeated the ammonia membrane. the 23 samples were broken down into 8 blind duplicate pairs, 2 youden matched pairs, and 3 single samples covering fresh to spoiled product ranging from 8 to 82 mg nh3/100 g. seven species were evaluated: atlantic ... | 2000 | 10995118 |
| detection and basic properties of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase iii during teleost ontogeny: a case study in the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | the presence of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase iii (cpsase iii), catalyzing the first step of the urea cycle in fish, in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) yolk-sac larvae and adult white muscle has been established using gel filtration chromatography to separate the cpsase iii from the pyrimidine-pathway related cpsase ii. the results are consistent with the hypothesis that teleostean fish express urea cycle enzymes during early development and with recent observations of low level ... | 2000 | 11026664 |
| apparent digestibility coefficients and accumulation of astaxanthin e/z isomers in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | apparent astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione) digestibility coefficients (adc) and carotenoid compositions of the muscle, liver, whole kidney and plasma were compared in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed a diet supplemented with 66 mg astaxanthin kg(-1) dry matter for 112 days. the astaxanthin source consisted of 75% all-e-, 3% 9z- and 22% 13z-astaxanthin, of (3r,3'r)-, (3r,3's; meso)-, and (3s,3's)-astaxanthin in a 1:2:1 rat ... | 2000 | 11126773 |
| isolation in cell culture of nodavirus from farmed atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus in norway. | isolation in cell culture of nodavirus from atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus suffering from viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) is described. the cell line ssn-1 was inoculated with tissue material from affected juveniles (60 d after first feeding). extensive cytopathic effects (cpe) developed approximately 5 d after inoculation, and were also observed after several passages in the same cell line. cells from infected cultures showed reactivity with an antiserum against sea bass ... | 2000 | 11206733 |
| pathology associated with an aquareovirus in captive juvenile atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus and an experimental treatment strategy for a concurrent bacterial infection. | a large-scale mortality of larval and juvenile halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus occurred at a semi-commercial halibut farm in atlantic canada. investigation of the cause revealed aquareovirus particles in necrotic liver tissue of affected fish. cytopathic effect on chse-214 cell lines occurred from all fish cultured for viruses, and the viral morphology of the particles in culture was consistent with that observed in necrotic host tissue. the virus was placed in the family of reoviridae, genus ... | 2001 | 11253878 |
| effects of photoperiod on sexual maturation and somatic growth in male atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | a major obstacle in modern, intensive aquaculture is the precocious maturation of male fish, leading to decreased somatic growth and reduced filet quality. effects of photoperiod on sexual maturation and growth in male atlantic halibut were therefore examined. in june 1996, 1300 1+ fish of both sexes were distributed in two indoor tanks supplied with continuous light (ll) or a simulated natural photoperiod (snp). in december 1996 and june 1997, 200 individuals were exchanged between the tanks cr ... | 2001 | 11399469 |
| high permissivity of the fish cell line ssn-1 for piscine nodaviruses. | seventeen isolates of piscine nodavirus from larvae or juveniles of 13 marine fish species affected with viral nervous necrosis (vnn) were examined for their infectivity to a fish cell line ssn-1. based on cytopathic effects (cpe) and virus antigen detection by fluorescent antibody technique (fat) after incubation at 25 degrees c, the infectivity of these virus isolates was divided into 4 groups. group 1, including 9 virus isolates from 4 species of grouper, 2 species of sea bass, barramundi, ro ... | 1999 | 11407403 |
| immune response to a recombinant capsid protein of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv) in turbot scophthalmus maximus and atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus, and evaluation of a vaccine against sjnnv. | immunisation by intraperitoneal injection of an oil-emulgated recombinant partial capsid protein (rt2) from striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv) was performed on adult turbot scophthalmus maximus and atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus. a specific humoral immune response was recorded in both species, and the levels of rt2-specific antibodies increased markedly in all groups during the 20 wk experiment. a challenge model for sjnnv was established by intramuscular injection of juveni ... | 2001 | 11411642 |
| expression of pineal ultraviolet- and green-like opsins in the pineal organ and retina of teleosts. | in teleostean bony fishes, studies on the adults of various species have shown that pineal photoreceptors are maximally sensitive to short- and middle-wavelength light, possibly utilising both rod-like and pineal-specific opsins. until recently, however, very little was known about the pineal opsins present in embryonic and larval teleosts and their relationships to opsins expressed by retinal photoreceptors. our immunocytochemical studies have revealed that, in atlantic halibut, herring and cod ... | 2001 | 11511667 |
| topography of different photoreceptor cell types in the larval retina of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | the identities of single cone cells in the retina of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae were studied by in situ hybridisation using rna probes for the five different halibut opsins. four different cone opsins (ultraviolet-, blue-, green- and red-sensitive) are expressed in atlantic halibut at the end of the yolk-sac period, whereas rod opsin is expressed later in development. photoreceptor cells expressing ultraviolet-sensitive opsin are found only in the ventral retina, presuma ... | 2001 | 11511671 |
| ontogeny of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells in the digestive tract of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus, larvae. | the appearance and distribution of cholecystokinin (cck)-producing cells were investigated in the digestive tract of developing larvae of cultured atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus. the cck-producing cells were detected immunohistochemically, by use of a primary antiserum against cck cloned for the japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. no cck-immunoreactive (ir) cells were detected in first-feeding larvae (33 days after hatching, dah). forty-five dah or 12 days after first feeding ... | 2001 | 11551115 |
| humoral immune parameters of cultured atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | several humoral immune factors were studied in a group of cultured halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). the serum protein and igm concentration was comparable to levels seen in other teleost species. a strong antibody activity against tnp-bsa was observed but not against other antigens tested. lysozyme and anti-protease activity was detected and showed variable heat sensitivity. unlike the anti-protease activity, the lysozyme activity of the sera was not sensitive to storage at -20 degrees c. ... | 2001 | 11556481 |
| disposition of 14c-flumequine in eel anguilla anguilla, turbot scophthalmus maximus and halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus after oral and intravenous administration. | the absorption, distribution and elimination of 14c-labelled flumequine were studied using whole body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. flumequine was administered to eel anguilla anguilla, turbot scophthalmus maximus and halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus intravenously and orally as a single dose of 5 mg kg(-1), corresponding to 0.1 mci kg(-1). the turbot and halibut studies were performed in salt water (salinity of 32%) at temperatures of 16 +/- 1 degrees c (turbot) and 9.5 +/- ... | 2001 | 11804417 |
| kinetics and fates of ammonia, urea, and uric acid during oocyte maturation and ontogeny of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | considering that amino acids constitute an important energy fuel during early life of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.), it is of interest to understand how the nitrogenous end products are handled. in this study we focused on the kinetics and fates of ammonia, urea and uric acid. the results showed that ammonia (t(amm): nh(3)+nh(4)(+)), and urea-n contents increased during final oocyte maturation. urea-n excretion dominated the total nitrogenous end product formation in early ... | 2002 | 11818232 |
| in vivo oocyte hydration in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus); proteolytic liberation of free amino acids, and ion transport, are driving forces for osmotic water influx. | the in vivo swelling and hydration of maturing oocytes of atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus were studied in order to characterise the osmotic mechanism underlying oocyte hydration in oviparous marine teleosts that spawn pelagic eggs. sequential biopsies from two females, spanning four hydration cycles, were examined by osmometry, solute analysis and electrophoresis of dissected hydrating oocytes and ovulated eggs. the hydration cycle of the biopsied halibuts lasted 33-54 h. the majority ... | 2002 | 11821487 |
| diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review. | after substantial investments in research, the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus is now being cultivated commercially in norway, iceland, scotland and canada. as with other domesticated species, disease problems have been experienced. this review summarizes the current state of knowledge of diseases of the atlantic halibut, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. in economic terms, the most important losses have been suffered at the larval and juvenile stages. the most important ... | 2001 | 11843141 |
| the effect of temperature on non-specific defence parameters of three strains of juvenile atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | the effect of temperature (8, 12, 15 and 18 degrees c) on a variety of non-specific defence and haematological parameters was examined in three geographically distinct reared strains (canadian, icelandic, norwegian) of atlantic halibut. the results indicate that temperature exerts a considerable influence on some blood parameters (packed cell volume and the percentage population of leucocytes in peripheral blood) and on some humoral parameters (serum lysozyme activity and serum protein levels) o ... | 2002 | 11866131 |
| characterization of virus-like particles assembled in a recombinant baculovirus system expressing the capsid protein of a fish nodavirus. | betanodaviruses are causative agents of neurological disorders in several species of fish. we cloned and sequenced the rna2 segment of two grouper viruses isolated from epinephelus malabaricus (malabaricus grouper nervous necrosis virus, mgnnv) and epinephelus lanceolatus (dragon grouper nervous necrosis virus, dgnnv). the sequences of the two rnas were 99% identical and comparison with previously sequenced rna2 segments of fish nodaviruses striped jack nervous necrosis virus, atlantic halibut v ... | 2001 | 11883005 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of five opsin genes from the marine flatfish atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | most molecular studies on the visual system in fish have been performed on freshwater teleosts such as goldfish and zebrafish where cones and rods appear simultaneously. many marine fishes have long larval phase in the upper pelagic zone before transformation into a juvenile and a benthic life style. the retina at the larval stages consists of only single cone cells; later during metamorphosis double cones and rods develop. the flatfish atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) is a typical e ... | 2001 | 11925012 |
| efficacy of different administration routes for vaccination against vibrio anguillarum in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) is a potentially important new species to cold-water aquaculture. development of a viable industrial farming technique has been hampered by continued pathogen problems within the rearing cycle and there are several reports that indicated how susceptible juvenile halibut are to bacterial and viral diseases. interest has been expressed, within the industry, over the possibility of vaccinating suitably sized animals to protect against the more common ... | 2002 | 11931022 |
| molecular identification and developmental expression of uv and green opsin mrnas in the pineal organ of the atlantic halibut. | the pineal organ is the only differentiated photoreceptor organ present in embryos and early larvae of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). we investigated the molecular identity of opsins in the pineal organ, and their expression during different life stages. using rt-pcr we identified two 681-bp gene sequences, named hpo1 and hpo4, in cdna from adult pineal and whole embryos. the predicted amino acid sequences showed highest identity to the transmembrane regions of teleostean rh2 ... | 2002 | 12036517 |
| spermatogenesis and related plasma androgen levels in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | spermatogenesis in male atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) was investigated by sampling blood plasma and testicular tissue from 15-39-month-old fish. the experiment covered a period in which all fish reached puberty and completed sexual maturation at least once. the germinal compartment in atlantic halibut testis appears to be organized in branching lobules of the unrestricted spermatogonial type, because spermatocysts with spermatogonia were found throughout the testis. spermatogen ... | 2002 | 12044766 |
| a novel function for the pineal organ in the control of swim depth in the atlantic halibut larva. | the pineal organ of vertebrates is a photo-sensitive structure that conveys photoperiod information to the brain. this information influences circadian rhythm and related metabolic processes such as thermoregulation, hatching time, body growth, and the timing of reproduction. this study demonstrates extra-ocular light responses that control swim depth in the larva of the atlantic halibut, hyppoglosus hyppoglosus. young larvae without a functional eye (<29 days) swim upwards after an average dela ... | 2002 | 12061399 |
| first report of piscine nodavirus infecting wild winter flounder pleuronectes americanus in passamaquoddy bay, new brunswick, canada. | piscine nodaviruses (betanodaviridae) are frequently reported from a variety of cultured and wild finfishes. these non-enveloped, single-stranded rna virions cause viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver), also known as viral nervous necrosis (vnn) or fish encephalitis. recently, nodavirus infections have posed serious problems for larval and juvenile cultured halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus in norway and scotland. to date, no such viruses have been described from any cultured or wild pleuro ... | 2002 | 12078988 |
| molecular identification of nine commercial flaffish species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a segment of the cytochrome b region. | commercial refrigerated or frozen flatfish fillets are sometimes mislabeled, and identification of these mislabeled products is necessary to prevent fraudulent substitution. identification of nine commercial flatfish species (order pleuronectiformes), hippoglossus hippoglossus (halibut), lepidorhombus boscii (four-spotted scaldfish), lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (megrin), platichthys flesus (flounder), pleuronectes platessa (european plaice), reinhardtius hippoglossoides (greenland halibut), scoph ... | 2002 | 12092715 |
| pericarditis and myocarditis in farmed atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus. | farming of atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus is a growing industry in norway. this study comprises the first description of heart morphology in fish from one atlantic halibut farm. fish with no clinical signs of disease were randomly sampled (8 to 12 mo old, weight 1 to 50 g). the hearts were studied by light and electron microscopy and samples were taken from the kidney and pericardial cavity for bacteriological examination. slight to severe changes were found in most hearts at all sam ... | 2002 | 12093045 |
| use of pcr-rflp for genotyping 16s rrna and characterizing bacteria cultured from halibut fry. | small subunit ribosomal genes were explored using pcr-rflp to facilitate the characterization of bacteria cultured from reared fry of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). concern has been expressed about pathogen invasion in larvae lacking a counteracting normal flora that may aid the immune system in producing robust noninfected individuals. in this study, pure cultured representatives of normal flora that were previously found to be antagonistic towards a pathogenic vibrio sp. wer ... | 2002 | 12109877 |
| atlantic halibut growth hormone: structure and plasma levels of sexually mature males and females during photoperiod-regulated annual cycles. | the main objectives of this study were to obtain the amino acid sequence of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) growth hormone (hhgh) and compare it with other teleost species, to establish a radioimmunoassay to assess plasma hhgh levels and thus to gain information about possible biological functions and regulation by photoperiod. the hhgh gene was cloned and its amino acid sequence deduced from the cdna. the mature hhgh protein consists of 186 amino acids. comparison with other flatfi ... | 2002 | 12161207 |
| assessment of genetic variability and relatedness among atypical aeromonas salmonicida from marine fishes, using aflp-fingerprinting. | atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida are the causal agent of atypical furunculosis or ulcer disease in various fish species, including spotted wolffish anarhichas minor, which is a promising species in the norwegian fish-farming industry. isolates of atypical a. salmonicida comprise a very heterogenous group showing large variety in biochemical, molecular and virulence characteristics. the genetic variability among atypical isolates from wolffish was characterised using amplified fragment l ... | 2002 | 12180702 |
| identification of a novel immunoglobulin delta transcript and comparative analysis of the genes encoding igd in atlantic salmon and atlantic halibut. | atlantic salmon possesses two parallel ig heavy chain gene complexes, a and b, most probably as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. consequently, there are two distinct igd heavy chain (delta) subvariants in this species. the igdelta(b) gene was characterised in a previous study. in the present work the igdelta(a) gene was amplified by pcr and sequenced. both igdelta genes in salmon have a structure like delta1-(delta2-delta3-delta4)(2)-delta5-delta6-delta7-tm1-tm2 and show a high degree of seque ... | 2002 | 12213331 |
| pathological changes in juvenile atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus persistently infected with nodavirus. | this is the first description of a persistent subclinical nodavirus infection in the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus. juvenile fish (1 to 5 g) were sampled at 4, 5 and 8 mo of age at a fish farm in norway during and after weaning. none showed clinical signs of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) or other disease. pathological changes and/or nodavirus were detected by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and transmissio ... | 2002 | 12219972 |
| susceptibility of three different strains of juvenile atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) cultured at two different temperatures to vibrio anguillarum and temperature effect on antibody response. | three geographically distinct-reared strains (canadian, icelandic, norwegian) of juvenile atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) cultured at optimal and super-optimal growth temperatures (12 and 18 degrees c respectively), were challenged with a virulent isolate of vibrio anguillarum by injection. the halibut were injected intraperitoneally with 100 microl of the bacterial suspension (1 x 10(6) cells per fish). after challenge, temperature and strain-related differences in survival were ... | 2002 | 12400861 |
| identification and localization of eight distinct hormone-producing cell types in the pituitary of male atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | the eight distinct hormone-producing cell types in the adenohypophysis of male atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) were identified and localized using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. lactotropes either occupied most of the rostral pars distalis (rpd) or they were arranged in follicular structures located along the periphery of the rpd. corticotropes were confined to a thin layer of rpd cells bordering the pars nervosa (pn). the somatotropes were arranged in multicellu ... | 2003 | 12547261 |
| hipposin, a histone-derived antimicrobial peptide in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | a novel 51-residue antimicrobial peptide (amp) from the skin mucus of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) was isolated using acid extraction, and cationic exchange and reversed phase chromatography. the complete amino acid sequence of the amp, termed hipposin, was determined by automated edman degradation and mass spectrometry to be sgrgktggkarakaktrssraglqfpvgrvhrllrkgnyahrvgagapvyl. the n-terminal amino group was acetylated. the theoretical mass of hipposin was calculated to be 545 ... | 2003 | 12637028 |
| long-term study of antibody response and injection-site effects of oil adjuvants in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l). | atlantic halibut were injected intraperitoneally with human gamma globulin suspended in either phosphate buffered saline, freunds complete adjuvant or montanide isa711 to test the long-term effects of adjuvants. every month for 12 months up to five animals from each group were sampled. the peritoneal cavity was examined and the adhesion level scored on an arbitrary scale. serum was also collected and analysed by elisa for antibodies to human gamma globulin. results show that whilst fca produced ... | 2003 | 12657538 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of metomidate in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | metomidate was administered to halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus) intravenously at a dose of 3 mg/kg bodyweight, as a bath treatment at a dose of 9 mg/l water for 5 min to study the disposition of metomidate, and as bath treatment (9 mg/l) for 10 min to study the absorption and effect of metomidate on respiration and balance/motor control. additionally, turbot were given metomidate orally at a dose of 7 mg/kg. the studies were performed in seawater at a tempera ... | 2003 | 12667178 |
| molecular characterization and expression of fshbeta, lhbeta, and common alpha-subunit in male atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | to elucidate the role of the gonadotropins in the multiple spawner atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) full length cdnas encoding fshbeta, lhbeta, and the common alpha-subunit were cloned from pituitary glands by race-pcr. the three cdnas consisted of 614, 595, and 666 nucleotides encoding peptides of 131, 146, and 124 amino acids, respectively. halibut fshbeta and lhbeta showed unique structural features among the vertebrate glycoprotein hormones. first, in contrast to all known fshbet ... | 2003 | 12679085 |
| isolation and characterization of fsh and lh from pituitary glands of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | two gonadotropins (gth), follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh), were isolated and characterized from pituitary glands of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). glycoproteins were extracted in 40% ethanol followed by precipitation in 85% ethanol. subsequently, glycoproteins were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on a whatman de-52 column using a stepwise gradient of ammonium bicarbonate (50-1000 mm). intact fsh and lh were finally purified on rphplc u ... | 2003 | 12679086 |
| experimental infection of atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus with nodavirus: tissue distribution and immune response. | atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from atlantic halibut. fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on day 5 post-challenge. although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. using conventional end-point reverse transcription (rt)-pcr, nodavirus was dete ... | 2003 | 12691192 |
| reovirus-like hepatitis in farmed halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | | 2003 | 12892268 |
| protection against atypical furunculosis in atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.); comparison of a commercial furunculosis vaccine and an autogenous vaccine. | atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), was shown to be sensitive to infection by three different isolates of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes in pre-challenge tests using intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections as well as bath challenges. a commercial furunculosis vaccine, alphaject 1200, and an autogenous vaccine, aas, based on the challenge strain, induced immune protection as shown in challenge tests 8 weeks post-immunization. the survival rate of vaccinat ... | 2003 | 12899408 |
| spontaneous haemolytic activity of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) serum. | the spontaneous haemolytic (sh) activity of sera was compared in groups of cultured halibut and sea bass. the optimum assay temperature was determined for each species and different red blood cell donors were tested. the effects of heat inactivation, storage temperature and of different agents like edta, egta, yeast cell components and bacterial lps were compared. halibut sera gave optimum lysis with sheep red blood cells (rbc) at 16 degrees c whereas sea bass sera showed optimum lysis with rabb ... | 2003 | 12941643 |
| a study of the susceptibility of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolated from turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.). | the susceptibility of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was tested. juvenile halibut of approximately 5 g weight were subjected to challenge by intraperitoneal injection, cohabitation and immersion to a vhsv isolate from an outbreak of the disease in turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.). the intraperitoneal injection gave the highest mortality rate of 28% after 50 days. the cohabitee group suffered 19% mortality rate and the immersion g ... | 2003 | 12962229 |
| a dna vaccine directed against a rainbow trout rhabdovirus induces early protection against a nodavirus challenge in turbot. | a dna vaccine encoding the envelope glycoprotein from a fish rhabdovirus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), has previously been shown to induce both early and long time protection against the virus in rainbow trout. challenge experiments have revealed that the immunity established shortly after vaccination is cross-protective against heterologous fish rhabdoviruses. in this study, we show that the dna vaccine encoding the vhsv glycoprotein also induces early protection against a non-env ... | 2003 | 14585673 |
| bacterial influences on atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk-sac larval survival and start-feed response. | a bacteria-free halibut larval rearing system was used to test 20 bacterial isolates, from british halibut hatcheries, for their toxicity towards halibut yolk-sac larvae under microbially controlled conditions. the isolates tested spanned a range of genera and species (pseudoalteromonas, halomonas marina, vibrio salmonicida-like, photobacterium phosphoreum and v. splendidus species). a pathogen of turbot, scophthalmus maximus, v. anguillarum 91079, and 2 isolates from adult halibut were also inc ... | 2003 | 14598986 |
| acute and persistent experimental nodavirus infection in spotted wolffish anarhichas minor. | spotted wolffish anarhichas minor (approx. 0.7 g) were found to be susceptible to infection with a nodavirus isolated from atlantic halibut (ahnv) by bath-challenge. during the acute stage of infection, 4 to 8 wk post-challenge, viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) were diagnosed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (ihc) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). accumulated mortality was 52% in the challenged group. the surviving fish were sampled 16 wk post-challen ... | 2003 | 14735919 |
| a non-destructive test for detection of ipnv-carriers in atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.). | over 18 months after infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) was first detected in fish (80 g-4 kg) on a halibut farm, the stocks were found to be still carrying the virus. this suggests that long-term persistence of ipnv occurs in farmed atlantic halibut. a non-destructive test was applied to blood adherent leucocytes by placing 100 microl of whole blood collected in a heparinized tube into 96-well plates. after overnight incubation, the non-adherent cells were washed off, the remaining adh ... | 2004 | 15049891 |
| complete sequence of rna1 and subgenomic rna3 of atlantic halibut nodavirus (ahnv). | the nodaviridae are divided into the alphanodavirus genus, which infects insects, and the betanodavirus genus, which infects fishes. betanodaviruses are the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) in a number of cultivated marine fish species. the nodaviridae are small non-enveloped rna viruses that contain a genome consisting of 2 single-stranded positivesense rna segments: rna1 (3.1 kb), which encodes the viral part of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp); and rna2 (1. ... | 2004 | 15109133 |
| isolation and characterization of complement component c3 from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | complement component c3 was isolated from the plasma of cod (gadus morhua l.) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) techniques, involving ion exchange and gel filtration columns, were used. the purified proteins were analysed by sds-page which showed a two-chain structure, alpha- and beta-chains, as seen in higher vertebrates. both proteins had intra-chain thioesters located within their alpha-chains and n-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed t ... | 2004 | 15123326 |
| identification and structural analysis of the antimicrobial domain in hipposin, a 51-mer antimicrobial peptide isolated from atlantic halibut. | hipposin is a potent 51-mer antimicrobial peptide (amp) from atlantic halibut with sequence similarity to parasin (19-mer catfish amp), buforin i (39-mer toad amp), and buforin ii (an active 21-mer fragment of buforin i), suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of these peptides might all be due to a common antimicrobial sequence motif. in order to identify the putative sequence motif, the antimicrobial activity of hipposin fragments against 20 different bacteria was compared to the activity ... | 2004 | 15158731 |
| an immunohistochemical study on complement component c3 in juvenile atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | the complement systems of fish are well developed and play an important role in the immune response. complement c3 is the central protein of all three activation pathways, being the major opsonin of the complement system and essential for the generation of the membrane attack complex. very little is known about the development of the complement system in fish. in this study, we detect the presence of c3 in halibut larvae from the age of 37 degrees d post hatching until 1050 degrees d (i.e. 5-99 ... | 2004 | 15177113 |
| a sequential study of pathological findings in atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l), throughout one year after an acute outbreak of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy. | following a natural outbreak of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) at a commercial farm in norway, surviving atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus, were sequentially studied for distribution of nodavirus, immune response and histopathology over 1 year. typical clinical signs and histopathology of ver were observed during the acute stage of the disease. most of the surviving fish became subclinical carriers of nodavirus with clusters of nodavirus-containing cells in the central nerv ... | 2004 | 15189373 |
| seasonal variation of serum lysozyme levels in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | serum lysozyme was measured in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) kept in a range of different conditions that included ambient photoperiod and temperature and controlled photoperiod and temperature. there was no significant difference between animals held in ambient conditions of 6 degrees c and those held in controlled conditions of 12 degrees c. similarly, there was no significant difference between animals maintained in a long day photoperiod and those in a short day photoperiod ... | 2004 | 15212733 |
| characterization of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) mx protein expression. | mx proteins are antiviral gtpases that are induced by type i interferons in vertebrates. an atlantic halibut mx cdna (hhmx) was recently cloned. in this work, a polyclonal antiserum against hhmx protein was generated that detected a 71 kda protein in the nuclei of chinook salmon embryo cells transfected with the hhmx cdna. mx protein expression in organs of halibut was studied by immunoblot analysis after injection with the double-stranded rna poly i:c or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. po ... | 2004 | 15236933 |
| protection against atlantic halibut nodavirus in turbot is induced by recombinant capsid protein vaccination but not following dna vaccination. | fish nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) are small, non-enveloped icosahedral single-stranded positive-sense rna viruses that can cause viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) in a number of cultured marine teleost species, including atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). a recombinant protein vaccine and a dna vaccine were produced, based on the same capsid-encoding region of the atlantic halibut nodavirus (ahnv) genome, and tested for protection in juvenile turbot (scophthalmus maximus). v ... | 2005 | 15450965 |
| characterization of nodavirus and viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in farmed turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.). | an outbreak of nodavirus infection in turbot larvae is described with respect to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cell culture cultivation, rt-pcr amplification and sequence analysis of the capsid protein gene rna2. affected turbot developed classical signs of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) with abnormal swimming behaviour and high mortality levels. in the acute stage of infection, light microscopy revealed vacuolation of the central nervous system (cns), with positive immunohis ... | 2004 | 15482424 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities associated with larvae of the atlantic halibut propose succession from a uniform normal flora. | halibut, the largest of all flatfishes is a valuable species with a great potential for aquaculture. bacteria play an important role in regulating the health of the early life stages. the present article is the first broad-range molecular analysis of bacterial communities in larvae of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). dna was extracted from larvae, water and silo biofilm from hatcheries in norway, scotland, iceland and canada. eubacterial 16s rrna gene fragments were amplified by ... | 2004 | 15612631 |
| expressed sequence tags analysis of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) liver, kidney and spleen tissues following vaccination against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida. | to investigate the response of atlantic halibut to vaccination and pathogen exposure, a cdna library was constructed from liver, kidney and spleen mrna collected following vaccination against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida. after sequencing 1114 clones 1072 (96.23%) readable sequences were obtained of which 106 sequences are the first reported from the fish. of these, 182 clones (16.98%) contained cell/organism defence genes including immunoglobulin light chain, mhc class i and ii, ... | 2005 | 15683917 |
| ontogeny of humoral immune parameters in fish. | the first appearance of igm in lymphocytes varies considerably among fish species. generally, the first appearance of b-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins is late in marine species compared to fresh water species, and larvae have reached about 20-30 mm in length when igm is first expressed. rainbow trout and channel catfish show the first appearances of surface igm at about 1 week after hatching. marine species like the sea bass, spotted wolffish and cod show igm positive lymphocytes 1-10 weeks aft ... | 2005 | 15916905 |
| serum immunoglobulin m in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus): characterisation of the molecule and its immunoreactivity. | three preparations of purified immunoglobulin (igm) were isolated from serum of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) by means of three different methods, and each of the three igm preparations was used to produce a polyclonal rabbit anti-halibut igm antiserum. one of the igm preparations was employed in the characterisation of halibut serum immunoglobulin. halibut igm was shown to consist of two subunits, compatible with heavy (mu) and light (l) chains. a single mu chain at approximately ... | 2006 | 15963734 |
| complement component c3 transcription in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) larvae. | the complement systems of fish are well developed and play an important role in the innate immune response. complement c3 is the central protein of all three activation pathways and is the major opsonin of the complement system and essential for the generation of the membrane attack complex. a 1548 bp part of complement component c3 was isolated from a halibut liver cdna library by immunoscreening. the deduced amino acid sequence showed that this part of halibut c3 contained key amino acids for ... | 2006 | 16039879 |
| molecular characterization and expression of two cyp19 (p450 aromatase) genes in embryos, larvae, and adults of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | p450aromatase (cyp19) is an essential part of the enzyme complex catalyzing the conversion of androgens into estrogens, which is a key reaction in the sex differentiation in vertebrates. two full-length cdnas encoding the genetic distinct cyp19a and cyp19b isozymes were isolated from atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) by rt-pcr of ovarian and brain rna, respectively. the deduced enzymes cyp19a and cyp19b of 523 and 508 residues, respectively, showed less sequence homology with each oth ... | 2005 | 16155960 |
| quantitative characteristics of atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus l., semen throughout the reproductive season. | the overall objective of the study was to investigate changes in quantitative parameters of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) semen throughout the reproductive season in order to systematize the knowledge about biology of atlantic halibut spermatozoa. semen samples were collected from february to may from broodstock males kept under either a natural or 3-month advanced photoperiod regime. spermatozoa concentration, semen ph and osmolality, as well as spermatozoa motility parameters ... | 2006 | 16233911 |
| immune- and enzyme histochemical characterisation of leukocyte populations within lymphoid and mucosal tissues of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | leukocyte populations within the kidney, spleen, posterior intestine and gills of atlantic halibut were investigated using a panel of histological, enzyme- and immunohistochemical methods. in the kidney and spleen, a diverse population of leukocytes was associated with the extensive network of sinusoids and larger blood vessels present in these tissues. igm+ cells (b-cells, plasma cells and igm-bearing macrophages) and large mononuclear cells showing reactivity for non-specific esterase (nse) an ... | 2006 | 16242344 |
| morphology and aspects of growth of a trypanosome transmitted by the marine leech johanssonia arctica (piscicolidae) from northern norway. | the fish leech johanssonia arctica (johansson, 1898) was collected from king crabs paralithodes camtschaticus (tilesius, 1815) in finnmark, n norway, and allowed to feed on experimental fish hosts in the laboratory. this leech ingested blood from laboratory-reared cod (gadus morhua) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). some experimental halibut acquired trypanosome infection, with parasitaemia between ca. 500 and 60,000 trypanosomes ml(-1). the trypanosomes were of variable size and measured ... | 2005 | 16270801 |
| aggravating factors in the development of ocular abnormalities in farmed atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). | cystic lesions in the eyes of farmed halibut with a number of ocular sequelae have been reported previously with evidence that the condition can be associated with increased activity of choroidal carbonic anhydrase and elevated oxygen tension in the aqueous humour of affected fish. these changes may be compared to the 'bends' in human divers which are characterized by elevated circulating levels of nitrogen together with aggravating factors such as physical exercise. it is postulated that bubble ... | 2006 | 16309935 |
| experimental susceptibility of atlantic cod, gadus morhua (l.), and atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), to different genotypes of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) is a well-characterized disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which has also caused economic losses in marine turbot farms in the british isles. we have previously demonstrated that turbot, scophthalmus maximus, are susceptible to isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) that are endemic in the marine environment, highlighting a potential risk to marine aquaculture. given the increasing interest in the intensive rearing of additional a ... | 2005 | 16336475 |
| thyroid and pituitary gland development from hatching through metamorphosis of a teleost flatfish, the atlantic halibut. | fish larval development, not least the spectacular process of flatfish metamorphosis, appears to be under complex endocrine control, many aspects of which are still not fully elucidated. in order to obtain data on the functional development of two major endocrine glands, the pituitary and the thyroid, during flatfish metamorphosis, histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were applied on larvae of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus), a large, marine flatf ... | 2006 | 16341547 |
| bacterial colonization of cod (gadus morhua l.) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) eggs in marine aquaculture. | aquaculture has brought about increased interest in mass production of marine fish larvae. problems such as poor egg quality and mass mortality of fish larvae have been prevalent. the intensive incubation techniques that often result in bacterial overgrowth on fish eggs could affect the commensal relationship between the indigenous microflora and opportunistic pathogens and subsequently hamper egg development, hatching, larval health, and ongrowth. little information about the adherent microflor ... | 1989 | 16347937 |
| viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) in atlantic salmon salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus. | homogenate of tissue from juveniles of atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus suffering from viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) was used to challenge smolt of atlantic salmon salmo salar with an initial average weight of 110 g. the nodavirus was administered in the form of an intraperitoneal injection, and the fish were kept for 134 d post challenge. genotype characterisation of the nodavirus was performed by sequencing the rna1 and rna2 segments, and a quantitative real-time pcr (q- ... | 2005 | 16465829 |
| twisted story of eye migration in flatfish. | early molecular markers for flatfish metamorphosis and eye migration must be linked to the ethmoid region, the earliest part of the flatfish cranium to change, as well as chondral and dermal ossification processes. serial sections, morphological landmarks, and stereology were used to determine where and when the remodeling of tissues and asymmetry occurs in the head region of metamorphosing atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus. not all parts of the head remodel or migrate, and those that ... | 2006 | 16526052 |
| real-time pcr analysis of ovary- and brain-type aromatase gene expression during atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) development. | two forms of cytochrome p450 aromatase, acting in both the brain and the ovary, have been implicated in controlling ovarian development in fish. to better understand the expression of these two enzymes during sexual differentiation in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus), real-time pcr was used to quantify the mrna levels of ovary- (cyp19a) and brain-type cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19b) genes in the gonad and brain during gonadal development. both enzymes showed high levels of express ... | 2006 | 16563826 |