| growth hormone is thyrotropic in fundulus heteroclitus. | | 1979 | 488688 |
| behavioral analyses of killifish exposed to weightlessness in the apollo-soyuz test project. | two groups of killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, which were flown aboard apollo-soyuz, were subjected to postflight behavioral testing. the first group examined consisted of a graded series of embryos representing key developmental stages at orbital insertion (32-h, 66-h, and 128-h stages; pre-liftoff fertilization times). the tests revealed that the young adults from the flight 32-h stage had a significantly decreased positive geotaxis and increased negative phototaxis when compared with ground ... | 1977 | 889544 |
| retention of salmonella typhimurium by certain species of fish and shrimp. | marine fish (mugil cephalus, fundulus heteroclitus, trachinotus carolinus), lake shrimp (penaeus setiferus), and channel catfish (ictalurus lacustris punctatus) were exposed to salmonella typhimurium and cultured after 2 hours and at daily intervals for 30 days. salmonella typhimurium was recovered from all exposed animals after 2 hours and for 30 days in all animals except p setifurus. the organisms could not be recovered from those shrimp after the initial sampling period. apparent salmonellos ... | 1975 | 1100577 |
| effects of prolonged weightlessness on the swimming pattern of fish aboard skylab 3. | two fingerling fish and 50 embryonated eggs of (fundulus heteroclitus) were flown aboard skylab 3 in a plastic bag aquarium. videographic picutres were taken with the on-board color-tv camera on flight days 3 and 22 and video tapes were made for later evaluation on the ground. when observed first after 3 d in orbital weightlessness, both fish swam in tight circles for a considerable fraction of the observed time resembling the "looping behavior" as observed in previous studies with goldfish in p ... | 1975 | 1156300 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene from two teleosts and two sharks and their molecular phylogeny. | the 18s rrna sequence was determined for two teleostean fish species, fundulus heteroclitus and sebastolobus altivelis, and two sharks, squalus acanthias and echinorhinus cookei. to study the molecular phylogeny of these taxa, the sequences were compared with 18s rrna sequences of the coelacanth latimeria chalumnae, the frog xenopus laevis, and humans. maximum parsimony analysis of the sequences resulted in a single most parsimonious tree that is in agreement with the expected phylogeny. the cor ... | 1992 | 1308203 |
| acute toxicity of the mosquito larvicide, bacillus sphaericus, to the grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio, and mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus. | | 1992 | 1498480 |
| evidence of lactate dehydrogenase-b allozyme effects in the teleost, fundulus heteroclitus. | the evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms has long been debated. exponents of the balanced theory advocate that selection operates to maintain polymorphisms, whereas the neoclassical school argues that most genetic variation is neutral. some studies have suggested that protein polymorphisms are not neutral, but their significance has been questioned because one cannot eliminate the possibility that linked loci were responsible for the observed differences. evidence is presented that ... | 1991 | 1876847 |
| oogenesis in fundulus heteroclitus. vi. establishment and verification of conditions for vitellogenin incorporation by oocytes in vitro. | a procedure was developed for studying vitellogenin (vtg) incorporation by vitellogenic oocytes of fundulus heteroclitus in vitro. since homologous vtg can be obtained from this animal only with great difficulty, the use of [32p]vtg from xenopus laevis was explored as an alternative. vitellogenic as well as maturational-stage oocytes were found to sequester x. laevis [32p]vtg from the medium, and incorporation was found to be linear with time for at least up to 12 hr. once incorporated into the ... | 1990 | 2345348 |
| acute toxicity of temephos, fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron, and methoprene and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to the mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus). | | 1989 | 2480827 |
| actions of cholecystokinin-related peptides on the gallbladder of bony fishes in vitro. | 1. cholecystokinin (cck) family peptides elicited dose-related gallbladder contractions in vitro for bluegill (lepomis macrochirus), killifish (fundulus heteroclitus), and bowfin (amia calva). 2. effects measured by increases in isometric contractions indicated equipotency for nonsulfated forms of cck and caerulein (crl; bluegill) and for sulfated cck and crl (bluegill, fundulus). sulfation increased potency. 3. responses to cck-related peptides were insensitive to atropine, a muscarinic antagon ... | 1988 | 2904870 |
| regulation of gonadal steroidogenesis in fundulus heteroclitus by recombinant salmon growth hormone and purified salmon prolactin. | the effects of recombinant salmon growth hormone (sgh) on plasma sex steroid levels and gonadal function were investigated in hypophysectomized fundulus heteroclitus. effects of sgh were compared to those of purified chum salmon prolactin (sprl), atlantic salmon gonadotropin (sgth), and salmon pituitary extract (spe). treatment with sgh significantly increased plasma concentrations of testosterone in males and estradiol-17 beta in females; sprl had similar effects on testosterone levels in males ... | 1988 | 3181738 |
| fundulus heteroclitus gonadotropin(s). i. homologous bioassay using oocyte maturation and steroid production by isolated ovarian follicles. | isolated ovarian follicles from several species were cultured to develop an in vitro bioassay system for fundulus heteroclitus gonadotropin. an extract of f. heteroclitus pituitaries, when tested in heterologous systems using follicles from rana pipiens. xenopus laevis, and carassius auratus, was ineffective in provoking either germinal vesicle breakdown or steroid production. in a homologous system using f. heteroclitus follicles, f. heteroclitus pituitary extract was capable of inducing both g ... | 1987 | 3497837 |
| some effects of metolazone on electrolyte transport. | metolazone action was studied 1) in vitro on isolated operculum of fundulus heteroclitus (active chloride transport) using an ussing chamber (metolazone conc 500 microm) and in vivo 2) using the modified sperber technique in the hen (metolazone infusion rate 0.75-1.2 micrograms/kg/min) and 3) in healthy volunteers using clearance techniques (metolazone infusion rate 10 mg/h). metolazone reduced (p less than 0.05) short circuit current potential differences with 20% from average control values (p ... | 1987 | 3590397 |
| dietary fat inhibits the intestinal metabolism of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene in fish. | following the intestinal absorption of dietary benzo[a]pyrene (bp) by the killifish, this compound becomes incorporated along with dietary triglycerides into membrane-bound fat vacuoles within the intestinal epithelial cell (1985. j. lipid res. 26: 428-434). these vacuoles, arising from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, are important transient structures involved in both the uptake and metabolism of dietary bp and, presumably, other lipophilic toxicants as well. in the present study we used subc ... | 1987 | 3625038 |
| visualization by freeze fracture, in vitro and in vivo, of the products of fat digestion. | the technique of freeze fracture was used to visualize triglyceride (tg) hydrolysis and the production of lipolytic products (lps) in vitro and in vivo in the presence of bile salts (bs). three systems were investigated: pure lipolytic products (oleic acid and monoolein) in the presence of a pure bile salt (taurodeoxycholate (tdc)), lipolytic products produced from tg by pancreatic lipase in the presence of a variety of bile salts, and lipolytic products produced in the intestine of the killifis ... | 1986 | 3772250 |
| sodium-retaining activity of chum salmon prolactin in some euryhaline teleosts. | sodium-retaining activity of chum salmon prolactin (prl) was examined in several euryhaline teleosts. chum prl was 100 times more potent than ovine prl in maintaining plasma sodium levels in the hypophysectomized killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, transferred from 50% seawater to fresh water. the effects of prls were parabolic, high doses of the hormones being less effective than low doses. when injected into seawater-adapted fry of the ayu, plecoglossus altivelis, or into juvenile rainbow trout, ... | 1986 | 3781235 |
| functional specificity of gonadotropin and thyrotropin in fundulus heteroclitus. | gonadotropic hormones (gths) and thyrotropic hormones (tshs) reportedly bear close evolutionary and structural relationships, and the thyroid appears to be active in reproduction in some fish species. we tested the sensitivity of the thyroid of fundulus heteroclitus to glycoprotein hormones from mammalian and piscine sources. six mammalian glycoprotein hormones, including four gonadotropins and two thyrotropins, produced dose-dependent elevations in serum thyroxin. a release of endogenous gonado ... | 1985 | 3922851 |
| photoperiod-dependent negative feedback effects of thyroid hormones in fundulus heteroclitus. | in fundulus heteroclitus, an annual cycle in the response of the thyroid to ovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (otsh) is characterized by maximal thyroxin (t4) secretion in mid-winter and minimal t4 secretion in summer. four daily injections of otsh, given in winter caused serum t4 to plateau at elevated levels for several days, while in summer fish similar treatment resulted in far more fluctuating titers of serum t4; maximum levels were similar in both groups. the difference in sustenance rathe ... | 1985 | 3996888 |
| photoperiodic regulation of thyroid responsiveness to tsh in fundulus heteroclitus. | treatment of the killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, with ovine thyrotropin (otsh) produced elevations in serum thyroxin (t4) that varied seasonally with a strong inverse correlation to environmental photoperiod (p less than 0.001). at 20 degrees c, otsh (0.2 iu) increased serum t4 to levels ranging from 1.5 micrograms/100 ml in midsummer to 7.5 micrograms/100 ml in midwinter despite relatively stable resting levels throughout the two years of study. similar rates of clearance of t4 in summer and ... | 1985 | 3998679 |
| a multilocus system for studying tissue and subcellular specialization. the three nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes of the fish fundulus heteroclitus. | three nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes in the teleost, fundulus heteroclitus (l.), exhibit differences in tissue and subcellular distribution. these three proteins were purified and characterized as to native and subunit molecular weight, isoelectric ph, susceptibility to thermal denaturation, and certain kinetic parameters (km and vmax) for the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate at 25 degrees c and ph 7.4. the enzymes are dimers of 90 +/- 4 kda with subunit molecular masses ... | 1985 | 4019464 |
| thyroid function in male killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, adapted to high and low temperatures and to fresh water and sea water. | | 1970 | 4192808 |
| forebrain localization of the spawning reflex response to exogenous neurohypophysial hormones in the killfish, fundulus heteroclitus. | | 1974 | 4436634 |
| effects of hypophysectomy on the blood serum of male killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, in salt water. | | 1972 | 4635462 |
| hypocalcemic activities in the ultimobranchial bodies of lungfishes, neoceratodus forsteri and lepidosiren paradoxa and teleosts, fundulus heteroclitus and gadus morhua. | | 1971 | 5128307 |
| the response of hypophysectomized male killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) to thyrotropin preparations and to the bovine heterothyrotropic factor. | | 1968 | 5646871 |
| failure of hog thyrocalcitonin to elicit hypocalcemia in the teleost fish, fundulus heteroclitus. | | 1967 | 6051657 |
| pigment particle translocation in detergent-permeabilized melanophores of fundulus heteroclitus. | melanophore preparations of fundulus heteroclitus that have been treated with the detergent brij 58 can aggregate their pigment in response to epinephrine. on the basis of several criteria, it appears that cell lysis occurs under the detergent conditions used. electron microscopic examination of detergent-treated cells shows progressive disruption of the melanophore plasma membrane during the time in which pigment aggregation occurs. brij-treated cells are accessible to ferritin, a large electro ... | 1982 | 6214786 |
| purification and biological characterization of chinook salmon prolactin. | prolactin from chinook salmon pituitaries was purified by acid acetone extraction, saline precipitation, chromatofocusing, and gel filtration. this procedure allowed us to recover highly purified prolactin as demonstrated by the presence of a single nh2-terminal amino acid and a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. chinook salmon prolactin appeared to be a basic protein of 22,500 molecular weight. throughout the purification, prolactin bioactivity was followed by radiorecep ... | 1984 | 6714651 |
| prolactin--thyroid interaction in fundulus heteroclitus. | injections of adult fundulus heteroclitus with 0.2 iu of otsh over 4 days caused an increase in serum t4, with no effect on serum t3. administration of 12 iu of oprl in conjunction with the same dosage of tsh prevented the tsh-induced rise in t4, without affecting serum t3 levels. the failure of tsh to cause t4 levels to rise in the presence of prl may result from either inhibition of release or acceleration of metabolic clearance of t4. we therefore conducted three experiments to examine potent ... | 1983 | 6862166 |
| hypercalcemic effects of ovine prolactin on intact killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, subjected to different environmental calcium challenges. | | 1981 | 7250688 |
| accumulation of polychlorinated terphenyls in aquatic biota of an estuarine creek. | aroclor 5432, a mixture of polychlorinated terphenyls (pct), was detected in several biological compartments including saltmarsh cordgrass (spartina alterniflora), american oysters (crassostrea virginica), red-jointed fiddler crabs (uca minax), wharf crabs (sesarma reticulatum), and mummichogs (fundulus heteroclitus) collected from tabbs creek. this tidal creek is located in the southern chesapeake bay region and contains sediments with high concentrations of pct. samples were collected at four ... | 1993 | 7507821 |
| protein g-horseradish peroxidase based method for light-microscope immunocytochemistry. application to the pituitary gland of the killifish, fundulus heteroclitus. | horseradish peroxidase-protein g conjugate was used to localize anti-human luteinizing hormone and anti-human chorionic gonadotropin primary antibodies bound to gonadotropins in paraffin and historesin embedded sections of fundulus heteroclitus pituitaries. the sensitivity and specificity of this method and those obtained after the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedures were compared. the protein g-horseradish per ... | 1994 | 7530516 |
| fundulus heteroclitus vitellogenin: the deduced primary structure of a piscine precursor to noncrystalline, liquid-phase yolk protein. | we have cloned and sequenced a cdna encoding a vitellogenin (vtg) from the mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus, an estuarine teleost. we constructed a liver cdna library against rna from estrogen-treated male mummichogs. five overlapping cdna clones totalling 5,197 bp were isolated through a combination of degenerate oligonucleotide probing of the library and pcr. the cdna sequence contains a 5,112 bp open reading frame. the predicted primary structure of the deduced 1,704-amino-acid protein is 30- ... | 1995 | 7563139 |
| photoaffinity labeling of the ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. | the mammalian aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor is a soluble protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). little is known, however, about the presence and properties of this receptor in nonmammalian species. in these studies, we sought evidence for an ah receptor in the liver or liver-equivalent of diverse species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. velocity sedimentation analysis of hepatic cy ... | 1994 | 8161208 |
| alpha 2-adrenergic inhibition of cl- transport by opercular epithelium is mediated by intracellular ca2+. | we isolated the opercular epithelium of sea-water killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) to study the mediation of catecholamine inhibition of cl- secretion. the receptors are alpha 2-adrenergic, as they have a high affinity for the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine over phenylephrine and clonidine action is blocked by yohimbine. pertussis toxin and indomethacin did not block the clonidine effect; hence inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (gi proteins) and prostaglandins (respectively) ... | 1993 | 8390669 |
| evidence for four hox clusters in the killifish fundulus heteroclitus (teleostei). | we analyzed the hom/hox cluster composition of the teleost fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) using a pcr survey. we found a total number of 30 unique homeobox sequences which could be assigned to specific cognate groups of the hox clusters by sequence comparisons. one sequence was of the msh group. ten homeobox fragments could be identified as orthologs with specific mammalian hox genes of cluster a-d. the number of representatives in cognate groups 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 differed from those of ... | 1996 | 8728389 |
| cloning and expression of a 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase from the liver of fundulus heteroclitus. | recent molecular cloning studies in mammals and amphibians have demonstrated that the types i, ii, and iii deiodinases constitute a family of selenoproteins of critical importance in metabolizing t4 to active (i.e. t3) and inactive (i.e. rt3) metabolites. in several tissues of teleost fish, various deiodinase processes have been described, but the structural and functional characteristics of these enzymes and their relationship to the deiodinases present in higher vertebrates remains uncertain. ... | 1997 | 9002998 |
| isolation of a cytochrome p450 3a cdna sequence (cyp3a30) from the marine teleost fundulus heteroclitus and phylogenetic analyses of cyp3a genes. | a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol, using degenerate pcr-primers specific to highly conserved regions of mammalian cyp3a genes, was employed to amplify a 400 base pair cdna fragment from fundulus heteroclitus liver rna. the 124 amino acid sequence deduced from this cdna sequence was aligned with corresponding sequences from representative members from the cyp1, 2, 3, and 4 gene families retrieved from the genbank database. phylogenetic trees were constructed usin ... | 1997 | 9240431 |
| molecular evolution of two vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptors (ahr1 and ahr2) and the pas family. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor through which halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) cause altered gene expression and toxicity. the ahr belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix/per-arnt-sim (bhlh-pas) family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, whose members play key roles in development, circadian rhythmicity, and environmental homeostasis; however, the normal cellular function of the ahr is not yet kn ... | 1997 | 9391097 |
| a divergent cftr homologue: highly regulated salt transport in the euryhaline teleost f. heteroclitus. | the killifish, fundulus heteroclitus, is a euryhaline teleost fish capable of adapting rapidly to transfer from freshwater (fw) to four times seawater (sw). to investigate osmoregulation at a molecular level, a 5.7-kilobase cdna homologous to human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hcftr) was isolated from a gill cdna library from sw-adapted killifish. this cdna encodes a protein product (kfcftr) that is 59% identical to hcftr, the most divergent form of cftr characterized to ... | 1998 | 9530103 |
| gill parasites of mummichogs, fundulus heteroclitus (teleostei: cyprinodontidae): effects of season, locality, and host sex and size. | i investigated the prevalences and densities of gill parasites in 4 seasonal samples of mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus (n=242), from 2 creeks differing in salinity in central chesapeake bay. the parasites (and overall prevalence ranges) were: mobile (12-88%) and sessile (0-50%) peritrichs (ciliophora); myxobolus funduli (58-94%) (myxozoa); gyrodactylidae (0-94%) (includes gyrodactylus sp. and fundulotrema sp.) and salsuginus sp. (74-100%) (monogenea); metacercariae of phagicola diminuta (75-10 ... | 1998 | 9576493 |
| evidence for growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor i axis regulation of seawater acclimation in the euryhaline teleost fundulus heteroclitus. | the ability of ovine growth hormone (ogh), recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor i (rbigf-i), recombinant human insulin-like growth factor ii (rhigf-ii), and bovine insulin to increase hypoosmoregulatory capacity in the euryhaline teleost fundulus heteroclitus was examined. fish acclimated to brackish water (bw, 10 ppt salinity, 320 mosm/kg h2o) were injected with a single dose of hormone and transferred to seawater (sw, 35 ppt salinity, 1120 mosm/kg h2o) 2 days later. fish were sampled ... | 1998 | 9679082 |
| functional diversity of vertebrate arnt proteins: identification of arnt2 as the predominant form of arnt in the marine teleost, fundulus heteroclitus. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (arnt) is a member of the bhlh/pas protein superfamily. arnt dimerizes with several pas superfamily members, including the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), forming a complex that alters transcription by binding specific elements within the promoters of target genes. two genes encode different forms of the protein in rodents: arnt1, which is widely expressed, and arnt2, which is limited to the brain and kidneys of adults and spec ... | 1999 | 9882441 |
| a mechanism for branchial acid excretion in marine fish: identification of multiple na+/h+ antiporter (nhe) isoforms in gills of two seawater teleosts. | both na+/h+ exchange and the electrogenic extrusion of h+ via an h+-atpase have been postulated to drive acid excretion across the branchial epithelium of fishes. while the h+-atpase/na+ channel system appears to be the predominant mechanism in some freshwater species, it may play a reduced role in seawater and brackish-water animals, where high external na+ concentrations may thermodynamically favor na+/h+ exchange driven by a na+/h+ antiporter (nhe). in this study, we used molecular and immuno ... | 1999 | 9882643 |
| localization of an organic anion transporter-gfp fusion construct (rroat1-gfp) in intact proximal tubules. | the organic anion transporter, rroat1, is a dicarboxylate/organic anion exchanger, a function associated with the basolateral membrane in rat proximal tubule. to directly establish the subcellular localization of rroat1 in renal epithelia, we made a rroat1-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion construct (rroat1-gfp). plasma membrane-associated fluorescence was observed in rroat1-gfp-expressing xenopus oocytes examined by confocal microscopy. uptake of 3h-labeled p-aminohippurate (pah) increased ... | 1999 | 10362775 |
| interactions of hiv protease inhibitors with atp-dependent drug export proteins. | we used renal proximal tubules from a teleost fish (killifish; fundulus heteroclitus), fluorescent substrates and confocal microscopy to study the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and drug-transporting atpases. both saquinavir and ritonavir inhibited luminal accumulation of a fluorescent cyclosporin a derivative (a substrate for p-glycoprotein) and of fluorescein methotrexate [a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (mrp2)]. of the two prote ... | 1999 | 10419558 |
| cloning and characterization of type iii iodothyronine deiodinase from the fish oreochromis niloticus. | type iii iodothyronine deiodinase (d3) catalyzes the inner ring deiodination (ird) of t4 and t3 to the inactive metabolites rt3 and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-t2), respectively. here we describe the cloning and characterization of complementary dna (cdna) coding for d3 in fish (oreochromis niloticus, tilapia). this cdna contains 1478 nucleotides and codes for a protein of 267 amino acids, including a putative selenocysteine (sec) residue, encoded by a tga triplet, at position 131. the deduced am ... | 1999 | 10433225 |
| epithelial transport of anthelmintic ivermectin in a novel model of isolated proximal kidney tubules. | the mechanism of excretion of the anthelmintic drug ivermectin was investigated in a novel experimental model of functionally intact proximal tubules isolated from a teleost fish (fundulus heteroclitus). | 1999 | 10554099 |
| immunolocalization of na+/k(+)-atpase in mitochondrion-rich cells of the atlantic hagfish (myxine glutinosa) gill. | using a monoclonal antibody for the alpha-subunit of the na+/k(+)-atpase, daspei (a vital mitochondria dye), and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the presence of na+/k(+)-atpase in mitochondrion-rich cells of the hagfish gill was confirmed. in addition, the level of na+/k(+)-atpase expression in the hagfish gill was compared to that of fishes with different osmoregulatory strategies (little skate, raja erinacea and mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus). immunocytochemistry detected a high density ... | 1999 | 10629957 |
| adaptive variation in lactate dehydrogenase-b gene expression: role of a stress-responsive regulatory element. | although changes in gene regulation may play an important role in adaptive evolution, there have been few attempts to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for adaptively significant variation in gene expression. here we describe the mechanism underlying an adaptive difference in the expression of the lactate dehydrogenase-b gene (ldh-b) between northern and southern populations of the fish fundulus heteroclitus. ldh-b regulatory sequences from northern and southern individuals, coupl ... | 2000 | 10841559 |
| effects of hypoxia on movements and behavior of selected estuarine organisms from the southeastern united states. | hypoxia, or low dissolved oxygen, remains a common occurrence in estuarine waters as human activity in coastal areas expands. fish kills, probably the most recognized indicator of these and other water quality problems, have significantly increased in recent years in many southeastern united states estuaries. while entire aquatic communities are impacted by changes in available oxygen, estuarine organisms serve as appropriate indicators of these changes as they exhibit complex physiological and ... | 2000 | 10841932 |
| kinetic characterization of outer-ring deiodinase activity (ord) in the liver, gill and retina of the killifish fundulus heteroclitus. | conversion of t4 to t3 is the first step in th action and deiodinases are the major determinants of th tissue availability and disposal. we here report the kinetic characterization of the outer-ring deiodinating (ord) enzymes in the liver, gill and retina of sea water-adapted killifish, by using both rt3 and t4 as substrates. in liver, by using rt3, we detected a high km (84 nm) and a low km (1.3 nm) component with kinetic characteristics similar to mammalian deiodinases di and dii. in contrast, ... | 2000 | 11007170 |
| basolateral localization of organic cation transporter 2 in intact renal proximal tubules. | the localization of organic cation transporter 2 (oct2) within renal cells is the subject of considerable controversy, resulting in marked uncertainty as to its function. to resolve this issue, we made an oct2/green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion construct (roct2-gfp) and determined its localization within xenopus laevis oocytes and renal cells using confocal microscopy. oocytes expressing roct2-gfp exhibited plasma membrane fluorescence as well as greatly increased specific, potential-driven ... | 2000 | 11053042 |
| enhanced xenobiotic transporter expression in normal teleost hepatocytes: response to environmental and chemotherapeutic toxins. | many aquatic organisms are resistant to environmental pollutants, probably because their inherent multi-drug-resistant protein extrusion pump (pgp) can be co-opted to handle man-made pollutants. this mechanism of multixenobiotic resistance is similar to the mechanism of multidrug resistance exhibited in chemotherapy-resistant human tumor cells. in the present study, a variety of techniques were used to characterize this toxin defense system in killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) hepatocytes. the c ... | 2001 | 11136608 |
| a new species of swingleus (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from the mummichog fundulus heteroclitus, in the delaware bay. | swingleus ancistrus n. sp. (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) is described from the skin and fins of fundulus heteroclitus from canary creek marsh, lewes, delaware. subsequent records from new jersey, maryland, virginia, and north carolina are reported. swingleus ancistrus is differentiated from s. polyclithroides, the only other species of the genus, primarily by its size, haptoral morphology, host, and locality. swingleus ancistrus is larger in almost every dimension and exhibits a distinct notch on ... | 2000 | 11191894 |
| immunodetection of hepatic peroxisomal pmp70 as an indicator of peroxisomal proliferation in the mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus. | peroxisomes are important sites for beta-oxidative fatty acid metabolism and peroxidative detoxification. agents causing peroxisomal proliferation have been associated with reproductive and developmental toxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis. female mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to waterborne 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), a model peroxisome proliferator, at sublethal concentrations of 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 ppm or dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) vehicle for 7, 14, or 21 days. a po ... | 2000 | 11460719 |
| the evolution of aryl hydrocarbon signaling proteins: diversity of arnt isoforms among fish species. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (arnt) mediates aryl hydrocarbon signaling and toxicity by dimerizing with the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), forming a complex that binds specific dna elements and alters transcription of target genes. two genes encode different forms of arnt in rodents: arnt1, which is widely expressed, and arnt2, which exhibits a very restricted expression pattern. in an effort to characterize aryl hydrocarbon signaling mechanisms in fishes ... | 2000 | 11460724 |
| endocrine disruption: thyroid dysfunction in mummichogs (fundulus heteroclitus) from a polluted habitat. | mummichogs (fundulus heteroclitus) from piles creeks (pc), new jersey (a polluted site), are sluggish and show poorer prey capture and predator avoidance than reference fish from tuckerton (tk). the behavioral dysfunction of the pc fish may be associated with thyroid impairment due to endocrine disruption. in this study, we compared thyroid histology and thyroid hormones in the two populations and determined experimentally whether the polluted environment could alter thyroid hormone levels. pc f ... | 2000 | 11460725 |
| developmental effects of estrogenic agents on mice, fish, and frogs: a mini-review. | laboratory experiments have demonstrated that exposure of rodents to sex hormones during prenatal or early postnatal life can cause permanent and irreversible alterations of the endocrine and reproductive organs, such as ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina, and mammary gland in females; and testis, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle in males; as well as non reproductive organs including bones and muscle and immune and nervous systems in both sexes. early development of xenopus l ... | 2001 | 11534989 |
| hypercapnic hypoxia compromises bactericidal activity of fish anterior kidney cells against opportunistic environmental pathogens. | acute hypoxia can cause massive fish and shellfish mortality. less clear is the role that chronic sublethal hypoxia might play in aquatic animal health. this study tested whether production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and bactericidal activity of fish phagocytic cells are suppressed under the conditions of decreased oxygen and ph and increased carbon dioxide which occur in the blood and tissue of animals exposed to sublethal hypoxia. anterior head kidney (ahk) cells of the mummichog, fundul ... | 2001 | 11592587 |
| type ii iodothyronine deiodinase is preferentially expressed in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and gonads. | it is well admitted that thyroid hormones (th) play a role in the development of vertebrates. the major secretory product of the thyroid is a pro-hormone, t(4), which is activated in peripheral tissues by outer ring deiodination to t(3). we have isolated from rainbow trout testis, a full length cdna encoding type ii iodothyronine deiodinase (rtd2). the cdna was 2410 nucleotides long and coded for a polypeptide of 264 amino acids including a selenocysteine residue. the predicted molecular weight ... | 2001 | 11599045 |
| cloning and functional expression of an mip (aqp0) homolog from killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) lens. | the major intrinsic protein (mip) of lens fiber cells is a member of the aquaporin (aqp) water channel family. the protein is expressed at very high levels in lens fiber cells, but its physiological function is unclear. by homology to known aqps, we have cloned a full-length cdna encoding an mip from the lens of killifish (fundulus heteroclitus). the predicted protein (263 amino acids; genbank accession no. af191906) shows 77% identity to amphibian mips, 70% identity to mammalian mips, and 46% i ... | 2001 | 11705786 |
| regulatory interactions among three members of the vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon receptor family: ahr repressor, ahr1, and ahr2. | the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and related compounds occur via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-per-arnt-sim homology (bhlh-pas) protein superfamily. a single ahr gene has been identified in mammals, whereas many fish species, including the atlantic killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) possess two distinct ahr genes (ahr1 and a novel form, ahr2). a mouse bhlh-pas protein closely related to ahr and designated ahr repressor (ahrr) ... | 2002 | 11742002 |
| 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl oxidation in fish, bird and reptile species: relationship to cytochrome p450 1a inactivation and reactive oxygen production. | previously we showed that the polychlorinated biphenyl 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb) caused a release of reactive oxygen species (ros) from cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) of the fish scup (stenotomus chrysops), and from rat and human cyp1a1. this was linked to a tcb- and nadph-dependent oxidative inactivation of the enzyme, which in scup and rat was inversely related to the rates of tcb oxidation. we examined the relationship between rates of tcb oxidation, cyp1a inactivation and ros productio ... | 2000 | 11790349 |
| immunological detection of na(+)/h(+) exchangers in the gills of a hagfish, myxine glutinosa, an elasmobranch, raja erinacea, and a teleost, fundulus heteroclitus. | na(+)/h(+) exchangers (nhe) are a family of ion exchangers with diverse functions that are well defined in mammals. nhe-1 is expressed in the plasma membrane of most mammalian cells where it regulates intracellular ph, and usually in the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells. it has also been detected in teleost gills where it may participate in systemic ph regulation. nhe-3 is usually expressed in the apical membrane of mammalian epithelial cells where it helps reabsorb na(+) and hco(3)(-); ... | 2002 | 11818226 |
| evolution of sp transcription factors. | the sp family of transcription factors binds gc-rich dna sequences. the ubiquitously expressed sp1 and sp3 have been well characterized in mammals. presented here is the characterization of the only sp protein expressed in the liver or heart tissue of the teleost fish fundulus heteroclitus. this protein, fsp3, is most similar to and homologous with mammalian sp3 proteins. the evolution of the sp transcription family is described, with sp1 and sp3 representing the most recent duplication of the s ... | 2002 | 11861880 |
| biological investigations aboard biosatellite cosmos-782. | the cosmos-782 flight from 25 november to 15 december 1975, carried biological experiments designed to study the effects of weightlessness on insects and fish and on gravitropism and growth in several seed varieties. investigations carried out on drosophila melanogaster measured the frequency of recessive lethal mutations and the change in genetic distances in the sex chromosome. the study of fundulus heteroclitus eggs and fry compared the effects of weightlessness and artificial gravity. plants ... | 1979 | 11902166 |
| nacl and fluid secretion by the intestine of the teleost fundulus heteroclitus: involvement of cftr. | sections of posterior intestine of the euryhaline killifish fundulus heteroclitus adapted to sea water were stimulated by the calcium ionophore ionomycin (1 micromol l(-1)) in combination with agents to elevate intracellular cyclic amp levels, 0.5 mmol l(-1) dibutyryl-cyclic amp (db-camp) with 0.1 mmol l(-1) 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (ibmx). intestinal bag preparations from recently fed animals (but not from overnight unfed animals) changed from fluid absorption (+18.9+/-8.30 microl cm(-2) h(- ... | 2002 | 11914383 |
| expression of p-glycoprotein in killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to environmental xenobiotics. | p-glycoproteins (p-gp) are transmembrane efflux flippases that prevent the cellular accumulation of moderately hydrophobic compounds and are responsible for certain multidrug resistance phenotypes in tumor cell lines and human patients. we investigated whether p-gps could be involved in a contaminant resistant phenotype observed in a population of fish exposed over generations to high levels of planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (phahs). hepatic and intestinal epithelial p-gp expression wa ... | 2002 | 12127740 |
| morphological studies on the mechanisms of pigmentary organelle transport in fish xanthophores and melanophores. | pigmentary organelle translocations within fish chromatophores undergo physiological color changes when exposed to external signals. chromatophores can be isolated in high yields, and their pigmentary organelles can be tracked readily by microscopy. the combined efforts of morphology and biomolecular chemistry have led to the identification of and determination of the interrelationships between cytoskeletal elements and accessory proteins, motor molecules, cytomatrix, and pigmentary organelles o ... | 2002 | 12242704 |
| cloning of the gene and complete cdna encoding a type 2 deiodinase from fundulus heteroclitus. | recently, we reported the cloning of a cdna fragment from fundulus heteroclitus liver encoding the open reading frame of type 2 deiodinase (fhd2). we here report the cloning of 14 kb of genomic sequence from f. heteroclitus that includes the previously reported coding region of the f. heteroclitus dio2 gene (fhdio2), the 5(') and 3(') untranslated regions, and flanking regions and introns. this fhdio2 gene comprises two exons divided by a 4.8-kb intron. the position of the intron is similar to t ... | 2002 | 12392690 |
| mercury uptake by the estuarine species palaemonetes pugio and fundulus heteroclitus compared with their parasites, probopyrus pandalicola and eustrongylides sp. | when exposed to methylmercury in the laboratory, grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio, parasitized by the isopod probopyrus pandalicola, accumulated lower concentrations of mercury than their unparasitized counterparts. the parasitic isopod accumulated far less mercury than the grass shrimp. when exposed to mercury in a contaminated field site, mummichogs, fundulus heteroclitus, parasitized with the nematode eustrongylides, similarly accumulated lower concentrations of mercury than unparasitized fis ... | 2002 | 12474965 |
| identification and regulation of a new vertebrate cytochrome p450 subfamily, the cyp2ps, and functional characterization of cyp2p3, a conserved arachidonic acid epoxygenase/19-hydroxylase. | three genes cloned from fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) define a new p450 subfamily, cyp2p. structurally, the cyp2ps are related to fish cyp2ns and mammalian cyp2js. cyp2p transcripts are expressed predominantly in liver and intestine. cyp2p3 coexpressed with p450 oxidoreductase in a baculovirus system catalyzed benzphetamine-n-demethylation and arachidonic acid oxidation, forming 14,15-, 11,12-, and 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. cyp2p3 regio- and enantiose ... | 2003 | 12623071 |
| cloning and characterization of estrogen receptor alpha in mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus. | developmental exposure to 17 beta-estradiol (e(2)) induced the death of embryos and fry, malformations, sex reversal, and incomplete ossification of vertebrae and cranial bones in the cyprinodont fish, the mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus). to clarify the mechanism by which exogenous estrogens caused these developmental effects, we determined the sequence of an estrogen receptor (er) coding region, encoded by 620 amino acid residues. this region shared 80% identity to that of er alpha of medaka ... | 2003 | 12782402 |
| is the invasion of the common reed, phragmites australis, into tidal marshes of the eastern us an ecological disaster? | studies of effects of the invasive brackish marsh plant phragmites australis (common reed) on estuarine biota are reviewed. with few exceptions, most field studies indicate that these p. australis-dominated marshes have diverse and abundant benthic biota, and are utilized by nekton, comparable to spartina alterniflora marshes. however, larval mummichogs, fundulus heteroclitus, appear to be reduced in p. australis marshes compared with s. alterniflora marshes. small epifauna living on plant stems ... | 2003 | 12837299 |
| teleost fh14-3-3a protein protects xenopus oocytes from hyperosmolality. | we have previously cloned and characterized a novel 14-3-3 gene from the euryhaline telost fundulus heteroclitus, fh14-3-3a (kültz et al., 2001). the corresponding gene product is osmoregulated and most highly expressed in gill epithelium of this fish. in the present study we have expressed fh14-3-3a crna in xenopus laevis oocytes and investigated the survival and electrophysiological parameters of xenopus oocytes in isosmotic and various hyperosmotic media. xenopus oocytes expressing fh14-3-3a ... | 2003 | 12975798 |
| prolactin, a factor in promoting survival of hypophysectomized killifish in fresh water. | the naturally occurring corticosteroids, cortisol and aldosterone, failed to promote survival of hypophysectomized fundulus heteroclitus in fresh water. extracts of fundulus interrenal tissue, carp corpuscles of stannius, and hog renin were ineffective. injection of whole rat-pituitary brei was partially successful. highly purified prolactin maintained survival, although the recipients did not eat normally. a synergic action of prolactin with some unidentified pituitary hormone is suspected. | 1959 | 13675773 |
| the fine structure of neuromuscular junctions and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of extrinsic eye muscles of fundulus heteroclitus. | the extrinsic eye muscles of the killifish (f. heteroclitus) were fixed in oso(4) (ph 7.6) and subsequently dehydrated, embedded, and sectioned for electron microscopy. the fine structures of neuromuscular junctions and of sarcoplasmic reticulum were then observed. the neuromuscular junction consists of the apposition of axolemma (60 to 70 a) and sarcolemma (90 to 100 a), with an intervening cleft space of 200 to 300 a, forming a synaptolemma 400 to 500 a thick. the terminal axons contain synapt ... | 1961 | 13740363 |
| neurohypophyseal principles of fundulus heteroclitus: characteristics and seasonal changes. | | 1963 | 14061888 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome p450 3 (cyp3) gene family. | cytochrome p450 genes (cyp) constitute a superfamily with members known from the bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. the cyp3 gene family includes the cyp3a and cyp3b subfamilies. members of the cyp3a subfamily represent the dominant cyp forms expressed in the digestive and respiratory tracts of vertebrates. the cyp3a enzymes metabolize a wide variety of chemically diverse lipophilic organic compounds. to understand vertebrate cyp3 diversity better, we determined the killifish (fundulus heteroclitus ... | 2003 | 14562963 |
| characterization of aquabirnaviruses from flounder pseudopleuronectes americanus and mummichog fundulus heteroclitus in the chesapeake bay, virginia, usa. | viruses were isolated in cell culture from tissue homogenates of flounder pseudopleuronectes americanus and mummichog fundulus heteroclitus in the chesapeake bay, virginia, usa. neutralization and immunofluorescence tests with aquabirnavirus (west buxton strain)-specific polyclonal antisera indicated that both viruses were aquabirnaviruses belonging to serogroup a, the most common aquabirnavirus serogroup in the united states. this was confirmed by rt-pcr, with primers targeting the vp3 and vp2 ... | 2003 | 14667031 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphisms and dioxin resistance in atlantic killifish (fundulus heteroclitus). | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) gene encodes a ligand-activated transcription factor through which planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (hahs) such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) as well as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) cause altered gene expression and toxicity. to understand the role of ahr genetic variability in differential sensitivity to hahs and pahs, we are currently studying a population of the teleost fundulus heteroclitus (atlantic killifish) that has ... | 2004 | 15077014 |
| infection experiments with aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish. | along the eastern seaboard of the us, atlantic menhaden, brevoortia tyrannus, develop characteristic ulcerative lesions, a condition termed ulcerative mycosis. these lesions are identical to those seen across asia in fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome, a condition caused by the fungus-like oomycete aphanomyces invadans. young-of-the-year menhaden inhabiting estuarine environments are the primary species affected in the usa and little is known about the factors involved in the initiat ... | 2004 | 15139907 |
| cloning and analysis of the cyp1a promoter from the atlantic killifish (fundulus heteroclitus). | enzymes in the cytochrome p450 gene family 1 (cyp1) catalyze the metabolic activation of numerous hydrocarbon carcinogens and various natural compounds. cyp1 family members have been identified in several vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, and are inducible by aromatic hydrocarbons acting through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). together with its heterodimeric partner arnt, the ligand-bound ahr binds conserved xenobiotic response elements (xres) near the promoter of ... | 2004 | 15178023 |
| supplemental diagnosis of kudoa funduli (myxozoa) parasitizing fundulus heteroclitus (cyprinodontidae) from coastal northeastern north america. | the diagnosis of kudoa funduli (hahn, 1915) meglitsch, 1948 (myxozoa), is supplemented through study of new material collected from fundulus heteroclitus (cyprinodontidae) in coastal waters of nova scotia, canada, and connecticut. plasmodia normally develop intracellularly in striated muscle of the flank and head, eventually rupturing and releasing spores. spores disperse along adjacent epimysium, sometimes as far as the skin surface. some plasmodia develop extracellularly within the bony caviti ... | 2004 | 15270088 |
| physiological basis for large differences in resistance to nitrite among freshwater and freshwater-acclimated euryhaline fishes. | uptake of environmental no2- by most freshwater fishes occurs at the gills where no2- is actively transported into the blood by the cl- uptake pathway. some freshwater fishes do not concentrate no2- in their plasma, regardless of environmental no2- exposure and exhibit a high degree of resistance to no2-. recent studies indicate that freshwater-adapted killifish (fundulidae: fundulus heteroclitus) and european eel (anguillidae: anguilla anguilla) have no or minimal cl- uptake activity at the gil ... | 2005 | 15667081 |
| isolation and structure elucidation of feeding deterrent diterpenoids from the sea pansy, renilla reniformis. | four new briarane diterpenoids, renillins a-d (1-4), and the known compound renillafoulin c (5) were isolated from the sea pansy, renilla reniformis. the structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by the interpretation of spectroscopic data. using laboratory feeding assays, all compounds tested at natural concentrations significantly deterred feeding by the predatory lesser blue crab, callinectes similis, while renillins c (3) and d (4) also deterred feeding by the predatory mummich ... | 2005 | 15844939 |
| the effect of environmental hypercapnia and salinity on the expression of nhe-like isoforms in the gills of a euryhaline fish (fundulus heteroclitus). | the current models for branchial acid excretion in fishes include na(+)/h(+) exchange and the electrogenic excretion of h+ via h+-atpase. the predominant route of acid excretion in some freshwater fishes is thought to be via the h+-atpase/na+ channel system. the euryhaline fundulus heteroclitus may not fit this profile even when adapted to freshwater (fw). we hypothesize that the na+/h+ exchanger (nhe) in this species may play a predominant role in acid-base regulation for both marine and fw ada ... | 2005 | 15880778 |
| gene expression after freshwater transfer in gills and opercular epithelia of killifish: insight into divergent mechanisms of ion transport. | we have explored the molecular basis for differences in physiological function between the gills and opercular epithelium of the euryhaline killifish fundulus heteroclitus. these tissues are functionally similar in seawater, but in freshwater the gills actively absorb na+ but not cl-, whereas the opercular epithelium actively absorbs cl- but not na+. these differences in freshwater physiology are likely due to differences in absolute levels of gene expression (measured using real-time pcr), as s ... | 2005 | 16000541 |
| developmental and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to the polybrominated diphenylether mixture de-71 in the killifish (fundulus heteroclitus). | exposures to penta polybrominated diphenylether (pebde) cause neurobehavioral toxicity in developing mice and rats. as levels of these ubiquitous contaminants are increasing in the environment, this raises concern that wildlife may also suffer such effects, with consequences for their ability to catch prey and avoid predators. pebde levels in wild-caught fish have been steadily escalating over the past fifteen years. to our knowledge, behavioral consequences of piscine embryonic exposure to pebd ... | 2006 | 16045967 |
| effects of temperature, ionic strength and ph on the function of skeletal muscle myosin from a eurythermal fish, fundulus heteroclitus. | the mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus, is an intertidal fish that exhibits little change in swimming ability despite large and rapid variations in environmental parameters. we therefore tested the hypothesis that this nearly constant function is due to fundulus myosin being intrinsically insensitive to changes of temperature, ionic strength and ph. in vitro motility assays were used to quantify the speed of unregulated actin filaments on myosin purified from f. heteroclitus glycolytic skeletal mu ... | 2005 | 16179972 |
| physiological changes and differential gene expression in mummichogs (fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to arsenic. | arsenic has been detected as a contaminant in water bodies around the world. although a number of studies have shown toxicity to adult fish, little is known about its effects on the offspring. however, human epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic increases the number of stillbirths and prematurely born infants. we examined changes in the morphology and gene expression in juvenile mummichogs (fundulus heteroclitus) whose parents were exposed to 230 ppb arsenic for 10 days immediately pri ... | 2006 | 16356559 |
| development and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against the aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein family (ahr1, ahr2, and ahr repressor) of atlantic killifish fundulus heteroclitus. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) and ahr repressor (ahrr) proteins regulate gene expression in response to some halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. the atlantic killifish is a valuable model of the ahr signaling pathway, but antibodies are not available to fully characterize ahr and ahrr proteins. using bacterially expressed ahrs, we developed specific and sensitive polyclonal antisera against the killifish ahr1, ahr2, and ahrr. in immunoblots, these antibo ... | 2006 | 16364694 |
| preliminary risk assessment of the lipid-regulating pharmaceutical clofibric acid, for three estuarine species. | clofibric acid is the active metabolite of several fibrate drugs prescribed to reduce blood cholesterol levels. it is persistent and widely detected in the environment. clofibric acid toxicity was assessed using three estuarine organisms: an alga (dunaliella tertiolecta), a crustacean (palaemonetes pugio), and a fish (fundulus heteroclitus). mortality and sublethal physiological responses (protein, lipid, cholesterol, and cytochrome p450 levels) were examined. clofibric acid did not significantl ... | 2006 | 16442995 |
| arsenic exposure alters hepatic arsenic species composition and stress-mediated gene expression in the common killifish (fundulus heteroclitus). | in the present paper, we examine how arsenic species accumulate in fish liver and explore the hypothesis that sublethal arsenic concentrations in fish hepatic tissue interfere with stress-mediated gene expression. we exposed killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) to 787 or 0 microg/l arsenic in tank water for 2 weeks. arsenic exposure elevated total liver arsenic from 3.4 microg/g wet weight (control fish) to 9.6 microg/g wet weight, and resulted in a higher relative proportion of toxic (e.g. monomet ... | 2006 | 16445994 |
| molecular assays for detecting aphanomyces invadans in ulcerative mycotic fish lesions. | the pathogenic oomycete aphanomyces invadans is the primary etiological agent in ulcerative mycosis, an ulcerative skin disease caused by a fungus-like agent of wild and cultured fish. we developed sensitive pcr and fluorescent peptide nucleic acid in situ hybridization (fish) assays to detect a. invadans. laboratory-challenged killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) were first tested to optimize and validate the assays. skin ulcers of atlantic menhaden (brevoortia tyrannus) from populations found in ... | 2006 | 16461710 |
| neutral and adaptive variation in gene expression. | variation among populations in gene expression should be related to the accumulation of random-neutral changes and evolution by natural selection. the following evolutionary analysis has general applicability to biological and medical science because it accounts for genetic relatedness and identifies patterns of expression variation that are affected by natural selection. to identify genes evolving by natural selection, we allocate the maximum among-population variation to genetic distance and t ... | 2006 | 16567645 |
| cox2 in a euryhaline teleost, fundulus heteroclitus: primary sequence, distribution, localization, and potential function in gills during salinity acclimation. | in the kidneys of mammals, cyclooxygenase type 2 (cox2) is expressed in medullary interstitial cells, the macula densa and epithelial cells of the cortical thick ascending limb where it generates prostaglandins that regulate hormone secretion, inhibit ion transport, and support cell survival during salt loading and dehydration. in teleosts, the gills are in direct contact with an aquatic environment and are the dominant site of osmoregulation. during transfers between salinities, specialized cel ... | 2006 | 16621950 |
| neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the gill of the killifish, fundulus heteroclitus. | neuronal nos (nnos) is a constitutively expressed enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of l-arginine and water to l-citrulline and the gas nitric oxide (no). nitric oxide is involved in regulation of a variety of processes, including: vascular tone, neurotransmission, and ion balance in mammals and fishes. in this study, we have cloned and characterized a putative nos homologue from the brain of the euryhaline killifish, fundulus heteroclitus. killifish nos has 75% amino acid identity to human nn ... | 2006 | 16814584 |
| the flounder organic anion transporter foat has sequence, function, and substrate specificity similarity to both mammalian oat1 and oat3. | the flounder renal organic anion transporter (foat) has substantial sequence homology to mammalian basolateral organic anion transporter orthologs (oat1/oat1 and oat3/oat3), suggesting that foat may have functional properties of both mammalian forms. we therefore compared uptake of various substrates by rat oat1 and oat3 and human oat1 and oat3 with the foat clone expressed in xenopus oocytes. these data confirm that estrone sulfate is an excellent substrate for mammalian oat3/oat3 transporters ... | 2006 | 16857889 |