| a comparison of the non-specific acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the larva of phocanema decipiens (nematoda) with that of the muscle of its host the codfish (gadus morhua). | the non-specific phosphomonoesterase (enzyme i) extracted from the larva of the codworm (phocanema decipiens) is different from the enzyme (enzyme ii) from the muscle of its host, the codfish (gadus morhua). the ph optima were 4.0 and 4.5, and the km values for p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis were 1.8 mm and 6.5 mm for enzymes i and ii respectively. the specific specific activity in units (0.01 mumol/min) per mg protein was 4.80 +/- 0.85 and 0.54 +/- 0.07 for enzymes i and ii respectively. t ... | 1979 | 44595 |
| an aeromonas species implicated in ulcer-disease of the cod (gadus morhua). | vibrio anguillarum is the most frequently isolated bacterial species involved in ulcer disease in salt water fish. however, an aeromonas species was very often incriminated in ulcers and septicaemia in cods (gadus morhua) in danish coastal areas. these aeromonas strains were very uniform in their biochemical activities only differing in growth on simmons citrate agar, and the mean value for the guanine + cytosine content of dna was 59 per cent with a standard deviation of 0.4. primary serologica ... | 1977 | 325501 |
| the ulcus-syndrome in cod (gadus morhua). ii. a bacteriological investigation. | | 1979 | 386249 |
| the ulcus-syndrome in cod (gadus morhua). i. a pathological and histopathological study. | | 1979 | 471719 |
| cutaneous respiration in seven sea-water teleosts. | the oxygen consumption of excised skin (mo2 is.cut.) and the normal cutaneous oxygen uptake by the skin in situ from the external medium (mo2 ext.cut.) were investigated in seven species of teleosts in normoxic sea water: butterfish (pholis gunnellus l.), cod (gadus morhua l.), five-bearded rockling (ciliata mustela l), shanny (blennius pholis l.), flounder (platichthys flesus l.), sole (solea solea l.) and eel (anguilla anguilla l.). in the butterfish, cod and rockling, all the oxygen absorbed ... | 1978 | 741099 |
| heteroplasmy of short tandem repeats in mitochondrial dna of atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | the mitochondrial dna of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) contains a tandem array of 40-bp repeats in the d-loop region of the molecule. variation among molecules in the copy number of these repeats results in mtdna length variation and heteroplasmy (the presence of more than one form of mtdna in an individual). in a sample of fish collected from different localities around iceland and off george's bank, each individual was heteroplasmic for two or more mtdnas ranging in repeat copy number from t ... | 1992 | 1356884 |
| chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stanniocalcin inhibits in vitro intestinal calcium uptake in atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stanniocalcin was purified, partially identified and tested for bioactivity in an assay on the intestinal calcium uptake in a marine teleost (gadus morhua). basic ethanol extraction, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of a homogeneous glycoprotein that appears as a 46-kda product under nonreducing conditions and as a 23-kda product under reducing conditions after sodium dod ... | 1992 | 1430418 |
| characterization of peptides related to neuropeptide tyrosine and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine from the brain and gastrointestinal tract of teleost fish. | neuropeptide y was isolated from the brain of the atlantic cod, gadus morhua and its primary structure established as tyr-pro-ile*-lys-pro-glu*-asn-pro-gly-glu10-asp-ala-pro-ala-asp*-g lu*-leu*-ala- lys*-tyr20-tyr-ser-ala-leu-arg-his-tyr-ile-asn-leu30-ile-thr -arg-gln-arg-tyr- conh2. residues denoted by an asterisk are different from the corresponding sequence of human neuropeptide y. a structurally similar peptide was isolated from the brain of the trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. trout neuropeptide ... | 1992 | 1459125 |
| enrichment of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of cod (gadus morhua) following oral administration of hexachlorobenzene and 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl. | the disposition of 14c-labelled hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (tricb) was studied in cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). for both compounds tape section autoradiography revealed substantial amounts of radiolabelled material in the central nervous system (cns) of cod, whereas only traces of radioactivity were observed in the cns of rainbow trout. furthermore, an enrichment of radiolabelled compound in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was observed in the ... | 1992 | 1480551 |
| rainbow trout mitochondrial dna: sequence and structural characteristics of the non-coding control region and flanking trna genes. | we have determined the sequence of the 1003-bp control region (also referred to as the 'displacement-loop region') and flanking trna genes in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. this region has the same overall structure (i.e., trnt-trnp-control region-trnf) as in mammalian and amphibian (xenopus laevis) mitochondrial (mt)dnas. the trout control region contains apparent homologues of the conserved sequence blocks (csb) and termination-associated sequences ide ... | 1992 | 1511893 |
| eggshell zona radiata-proteins from cod (gadus morhua): extra-ovarian origin and induction by estradiol-17 beta. | using atlantic cod (gadus morhua) as a model organism, the aim of this report was to delineate whether teleostean eggshell zona radiata proteins have their origin, i.e., site of synthesis, in gonadal or somatic tissues. estradiol-17 beta was administered intraperitoneally to one-year-old cod (gadus morhua) with either undeveloped gonads or with differentiated gonads. by immunoblotting procedures estradiol-dependent protein induction was investigated using specific rabbit antisera directed agains ... | 1992 | 1525012 |
| pancreatic bile salt dependent lipase from cod (gadus morhua): purification and properties. | the enzymatic basis for cod digestive lipolysis has been investigated. lipase activity was found in aqueous extracts from pyloric caeca as well as in pancreatic tissue surrounding the caeca and the bile duct. a bile salt-dependent lipase (bsdl) was purified from either defatted powder of cod pyloric caeca or aqueous pancreatic extracts by combined affinity chromatography on cholate-sepharose and gel filtration on sephacryl s-200 hr. by sds-page analysis the molecular weight of purified cod bsdl ... | 1992 | 1543734 |
| functional relationship between sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens, nematoda, ascaridoidea) burden and host size in atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | a model is proposed to describe the accumulation of sealworm parasites (pseudoterranova decipiens, nematoda, ascaridoidae) in atlantic cod (gadus morhua). the model predicts the total amount of food eaten by a fish to reach its size. in young fish growth is linear in time and average parasite burdens are predicted to increase with the cube of the average length of the fish divided by its growth rate. an analysis of worm burdens in cod caught by the commercial fishery in the firth of clyde (strat ... | 1991 | 1682940 |
| immunoglobulin heavy chain cdna from the teleost atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.): nucleotide sequences of secretory and membrane form show an unusual splicing pattern. | rabbit antibodies to atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) immunoglobulin were affinity purified and used to screen cdna libraries from spleen and head kidney mrna. cdna clones for both the secretory and membrane-bound heavy (h) chain were isolated, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of which are reported here. comparisons of the cod secretory h chain amino acid sequence show 24%, 27%, 30% identity to the mu chain of mus, xenopus and ictalurus, respectively. the highest degree of identity ... | 1991 | 1748150 |
| structural and kinetic properties of chymotrypsin from atlantic cod (gadus morhua). comparison with bovine chymotrypsin. | 1. two chymotrypsins with isoelectric points pi 6.2 and 5.8 were purified from the pyloric caeca of atlantic cod using a phenyl-sepharose column and chromatofocusing chromatography. the apparent molecular weight was 26,000 as judged by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. 2. the cod enzymes differed from bovine chymotrypsin in having a slightly higher molecular weight and more acidic pi points. n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of cod chymotrypsin b showed considerabl ... | 1991 | 1764912 |
| characteristics and composition of pepsins from atlantic cod. | | 1991 | 1812696 |
| insulin and glucagon family peptides in relation to activities of hepatic hexokinase and other enzymes in fed and starved atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and cod (gadus morhua). | 1. plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide (glp) were all reduced by starvation of salmon and cod. in the salmon the drop in glp was larger than in insulin and glucagon. 2. after starvation the activity of hexokinase (ec 2.7.1.1) was increased in salmon liver, but decreased in cod liver. the salmon hepatic hexokinase activity was inversely correlated with the glp/insulin ratio. 3. activities of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase (ec 2.4.1.1) and phosphofructokinase (ec 2.7.1.11 ... | 1991 | 1814675 |
| levels of environmental pollutants in male and female flounder (platichthys flesus l.) and cod (gadus morhua l.) caught during the year 1988 near or in the waterway of glomma, the largest river of norway. i. polychlorinated biphenyls. | levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, pcbs, in liver samples of 111 and 121 flounder (platichthys flesus l.) and cod (gadus morhua l.), respectively, were determined gas chromatographically by quantification of 9 individual pcb congeners. the congeners were 28, 52, 101, 118, 153, 138, 180, 170, and 209 (iupac numbering system, ballschmiter and zell 1980). the fish were caught during 1988 at 5 different stations near or in the glomma estuary, in the hvaler archipelago, norway. the mean level of th ... | 1991 | 1907124 |
| microtubule-associated proteins-dependent colchicine stability of acetylated cold-labile brain microtubules from the atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | assembly of brain microtubule proteins isolated from the atlantic cod, gadus morhua, was found to be much less sensitive to colchicine than assembly of bovine brain microtubules, which was completely inhibited by low colchicine concentrations (10 microm). the degree of disassembly by colchicine was also less for cod microtubules. the lack of colchicine effect was not caused by a lower affinity of colchicine to cod tubulin, as colchicine bound to cod tubulin with a dissociation constant, kd, and ... | 1991 | 2010465 |
| purification and characterization of pancreatic elastase from atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | 1. a pancreatic elastase from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) has been purified and characterized. 2. the enzyme is a very basic protein with an approximate mol. wt of 28,000. 3. the cod elastase has higher elastin specificity than porcine elastase, and it is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, which has no effect on porcine elastase. 4. the cod elastase expresses a higher turnover number (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) than porcine elastase, but it is less thermostable. | 1990 | 2085959 |
| purification and characterization of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from proteus vulgaris. | purine nucleoside phosphorylase was isolated and purified from cell extracts of proteus vulgaris recovered from spoiling cod fish (gadus morhua). the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the enzyme were 120,000 +/- 2,000 and ph 6.8. the michaelis constant for inosine as substrate was 3.9 x 10(-5). guanosine also served as a substrate (km = 2.9 x 10(-5). however, the enzyme was incapable of phosphorylizing adenosine. adenosine proved to be useful as a competitive inhibitor and was used as a ... | 1990 | 2111121 |
| catalytic properties and chemical composition of pepsins from atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | 1. three pepsins were purified from the gastric mucosa of atlantic cod (gadus morhua). 2. the enzymes, called pepsin i and pepsin iia and b, had isoelectric points 6.9, 4.0 and 4.1, respectively, and digested hemoglobin at a maximal rate at a ph of approximately 3. 3. they resembled bovine cathepsin d in being unable to digest the mammalian pepsin substrate n-acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-3,5-diiodo-l-tyrosine. 4. specificity constants (kcat/km) for the cod pepsins were lower than for porcine pepsin, an ... | 1990 | 2113846 |
| plasmid profiling of vibrio salmonicida for epidemiological studies of cold-water vibriosis in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and cod (gadus morhua). | in 1988, a new plasmid profile was observed for vibrio salmonicida isolated from cod (gadus morhua) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in fish farms in northern norway. this new plasmid profile, which consisted of plasmids of 61, 21, 3.4, and 2.8 megadaltons, is 1 of 11 plasmid profiles which have so far been observed for v. salmonicida. plasmid profiling and plasmid dna hybridization were used in epidemiological studies of cold-water vibriosis. our results indicate that v. salmonicida was transm ... | 1990 | 2160218 |
| morphology of diplomonad flagellates: spironucleus torosa n. sp. from atlantic cod gadus morhua l., and haddock melanogrammus aeglefinus (l.) and hexamita salmonis moore from brook trout salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill). | a diplomonad flagellate, spironucleus torosa n. sp. is described from atlantic cod gadus morhua and haddock melanogrammus aeglefinus. this is believed to be the 1st confirmed report of spironucleus from a marine fish. organisms swimming in the rectal lumen were broadly pyriform to elongate, and measured 10.5-18.6 microns long and 3.2-13.3 microns wide; other elongate organisms were attached to the rectal epithelium, via apical extensions appearing continuous with the microvilli. the posterior en ... | 1990 | 2213651 |
| effect of low and high temperatures on chymotrypsin from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.); comparison with bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. | 1. cod chymotrypsin displays higher enzyme activity compared to bovine alpha-chymotrypsin when assayed at low temperatures (3-15 degrees c). 2. both enzymes are inactivated when incubated at temperatures between 60 and 70 degrees c. 3. when incubated at 99 degrees c the cod enzyme retains about 50% of the initial activity measured at room temperature. 4. preincubation at boiling temperature renders the cod chymotrypsin active at 70 degrees c whereas the bovine enzyme is rapidly inactivated. | 1990 | 2253474 |
| organization of the mitochondrial genome of atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the atlantic cod, gadus morhua, was mapped using 11 different restriction enzymes and cloned into plasmid vectors. sequence data obtained from more than 10 kilobases of cod mtdna show that the genome organization, genetic code, and the overall codon usage have been conserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates. comparison of the derived amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by cod mtdna to the ones encoded by xenopus laevis mtdna revealed that the amino ... | 1990 | 2308841 |
| degradation of human epidermal keratin by fish pepsin. | stomach extract of atlantic herring clupea harengus, atlantic salmon salmo salar, cod gadus morhua, redfish sebastes marinus, and plaice pleuronectes platessa, degraded human epidermal keratin effectively in vitro. the keratin-degrading activity of all extracts showed a ph optimum around 3.3-3.4, and sheets of plantar callus were degraded with about the same efficacy as keratin. pepstatin sensitivity, heat lability, and the acidic ph optimum demonstrated that the keratin-degrading activity was p ... | 1988 | 2456043 |
| degradation of human epidermal keratin by cod trypsin and extracts of fish intestines. | cod gadus morhua and bovine trypsin degraded human epidermal keratin with similar efficacies in vitro around optimal ph, which was at ph 8.4 for cod trypsin and at ph 9.5 for bovine trypsin. extract of intestines of cod, atlantic herring clupea harengus, atlantic salmon salmo salar, and redfish sebastes marinus degraded keratin with similar efficacies with ph optima between 8.5 and 9.5. sheets of plantar callus were degraded with somewhat lower efficacy than keratin. the keratin-degrading activi ... | 1989 | 2465741 |
| the isolation and chemical characterization of a novel vasoactive intestinal peptide-related peptide from a teleost fish, the cod, gadus morhua. | an octacosapeptide that shows sequence homology to porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) has been isolated from a teleost fish, the cod, gadus morhua. the full primary sequence is his-ser-asp-ala-val-phe-thr-asp-asn-tyr-ser-arg-phe-arg-lys-gln-met-ala-ala- lys-lys-tyr-leu-asn-ser-val-leu-ala. this peptide contains four, or five substitutions, compared with dogfish and porcine vip, respectively. the residues in positions 13, 26 and 28 are different in all three species. these substitutions ... | 1989 | 2480821 |
| unusual properties of a cold-labile fraction of atlantic cod (gadus morhua) brain microtubules. | a cold-labile fraction of microtubules with unusual properties was isolated from the brain of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua). the yield was low, approximately six times lower than that for bovine brain microtubules. this was mainly caused by the presence of a large amount of cold-stable microtubules, which were not broken down during the disassembly step in the temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly isolation procedure and were therefore lost. the isolated cold-labile cod microtubules conta ... | 1989 | 2515888 |
| purification and characterization of trypsin from the poikilotherm gadus morhua. | a serine protease shown to be trypsin was purified from the pyloric caeca of atlantic cod (gadus morhua), and resolved into three differently charged species by chromatofocusing (pi 6.6, 6.2 and 5.5). all three trypsins had similar molecular mass of 24.2 kda. n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of cod trypsin showed considerable similarity with other known trypsins, particularly with dogfish and some mammalian trypsins. the apparent km values determined at 25 degrees c for the predominant fo ... | 1989 | 2707266 |
| relationships between plasmids and phenotypes of presumptive strains of vibrio anguillarum isolated from different fish species. | on the basis of plasmid composition as well as serological and biochemical properties, 26 strains identified as vibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased fish could be assigned to two different groups. except for three reference strains, these++ strains were isolated from norwegian fish. the four strains isolated from rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), the only strain isolated from char (salvelinus alpinus), and three of six strains isolated from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) harbored a plasmid of ... | 1989 | 2729984 |
| organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the southern baltic, 1983. | hexachlorobenzene (hcb), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (bhc; hch), p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddd and p,p'-ddt (sigma ddt) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 207 cod (gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the baltic sea. the mean levels found for cod muscle tissue (microgram/kg) related to wet weight were: 0.65 hcb, 1.2 alpha-bhc, 9.0 beta-bhc, 2.8 gamma-bhc, delta-bhc remained ... | 1986 | 3085379 |
| organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern baltic, 1983. | hexachlorobenzene (hcb), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (bhc; hch), p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddd and p,p'-ddt (sigma ddt) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) levels have been determined in livers of 210 cod (gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the baltic sea. the mean levels found for cod livers related to wet weight (mg/kg) were: 0.096 hcb, 0.15 alpha-bhc, beta-bhc was found in trace amounts, 0.098 gamma-bhc, delta-bhc r ... | 1986 | 3087084 |
| nematode infestation of fillets from atlantic cod, gadus morhua, off eastern canada. | the prevalence and intensity of larval nematodes in fillets of atlantic cod, gadus morhua, were examined and compared with similar data from a previous survey conducted about 30 yr ago. anisakis simplex occurred more often in the nape of the fillet, whereas pseudoterranova decipiens was the predominant species in napeless fillets. the results suggest an increase in both the prevalence and intensity of p. decipiens in fillets of cod, especially those originating from the gulf of st. lawrence and ... | 1988 | 3193325 |
| cytochrome p-450 isozymes and monooxygenase activity in aquatic animals. | the roles of different forms of cytochrome p-450 in activation and deactivation of toxic chemicals, synthesis and breakdown of steroid hormones, and other functions, indicate the significance of these enzymes. monooxygenase systems have been studied in species from several phyla of aquatic organisms. however, cytochrome p-450, the dominant catalyst in xenobiotic monooxygenase activity, is best studied in fish. forms of cytochrome p-450 have been purified from several teleost species, including s ... | 1987 | 3297668 |
| species characteristics of the hepatic xenobiotic and steroid biotransformation systems of two teleost fish, atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). | groups of atlantic cod and rainbow trout were treated (ip) with beta-naphthoflavone (bnf), phenobarbital, or peanut oil (controls), and properties of the hepatic xenobiotic and steroid metabolizing enzyme systems were evaluated. in both species, bnf treatment resulted in significant induction of microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase, biphenyl 4-hydroxylase, and phenanthrene oxidation, especially at the 1,2-position. immunochemical studies with rabbit igg prepar ... | 1987 | 3496689 |
| [spectral analysis of the cardiac rhythm of fishes]. | spectral analysis of the rhythmograms in the cod gadus morhua callarias, plaice pleuronectes platessa, herring clupea harengus membras and trout salmo gairdneri revealed complex wave structure of their cardiac rhythm. in all the species investigated, slow (0.01-0.06 hz), intermediate (0.06-0.25 hz) and fast (0.25-0.5 hz) waves were recorded. it is suggested that the wave structure of cardiac rhythm reflects rather complicated relationships between functional systems regulating cardiac activity. | 1987 | 3673370 |
| trace metals in cod from the southern baltic, 1983. | the cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 201 cod (gadus morhua) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the baltic sea. the method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. the mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for cod muscle tissue were: 0.005 cd, 0.086 pb, 0.15 cu, 3.9 zn, 3.7 fe, 0.21 mn, and 0.081 ni. the results are compared with values reported previously for cod f ... | 1986 | 3716612 |
| prevalence and intensity of infection of cryptocotyle lingua (creplin) and diplostomum spathaceum (rudolphi)--parasitic metacercariae of baltic cod (gadus morhua l.). | a parasitological investigation of baltic cod, caught in the bornholm basin, showed that 1.6% were infected by c. lingua (metacercaria) and 22.5% were infected by d. spathaceum (metacercaria). only the heavily c. lingua infected cod showed discoloured fillets due to metacercariae in the muscle. the highest intensity of infection of d. spathaceum was found in smaller cod, but only minor opaque spots were observed in the infected lenses. the low prevalence of c. lingua is supposed to be a result o ... | 1986 | 3797237 |
| on the infection of baltic cod (gadus morhua l.) by the acanthocephalan echinorhynchus gadi (zoega) müller. | 297 specimens of baltic cod, caught in the bornholm basin, were examined for infection with the acanthocephalan echinorhynchus gadi. only two cod were not infected. negative correlations between the parasite load and the liver index were found, while no clear correlation between the parasite load and the condition factor was observed. besides a parasitic effect on the liver the food type and ration were suggested as influential factors in the investigation. | 1986 | 3797238 |
| multiple forms of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in teleost brain and pituitary. | two anatomically distinct neuronal grf systems in the brain-pituitary of the teleost codfish (gadus morhua), immunohistochemically localized by use of antisera directed against hpgrf1-44nh2 and hpgrf1-40oh are described. chromatographic analysis additionally revealed the presence of three molecular variants of immunoreactive hpgrf1-44nh2, two of which differ from the authentic human material. however, all three forms released gh from rat pituitary cells in dispersed culture. these findings indic ... | 1985 | 3918857 |
| purification of hepatic microsomal cytochromes p-450 from beta-naphthoflavone-treated atlantic cod (gadus morhua), a marine teleost fish. | four isozymes of cytochrome p-450 were purified to varying degrees of homogeneity from liver microsomes of cod, a marine teleost fish. the cod were treated with beta-naphthoflavone by intraperitoneal injection, and liver microsomes were prepared by calcium aggregation. after solubilization of cytochromes p-450 with the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propansulfonate, chromatography on phenyl-sepharose cl-4b, and subsequently on deae-sepharose, resulted in two cyt ... | 1985 | 4005295 |
| evolutionary adaptation of muscle power output to environmental temperature: force-velocity characteristics of skinned fibres isolated from antarctic, temperate and tropical marine fish. | single fast fibres were isolated from the myotomal muscles of icefish (chaenocephalus aceratus lönnberg, antarctica), north sea cod (gadus morhua l.) and pacific blue marlin (makaira nigricans wakiya, hawaii). fibres were chemically skinned with the non-ionic detergent brij-58. maximum tensions (po, kn m-2) developed at the characteristic body temperature of each species are 231 for icefish (-1 degree c), 187 for cod (8 degrees c) and 156 for marlin (20 degrees c). at 0 degree c po is 7 times hi ... | 1985 | 4059035 |
| some biochemical characteristics of cod (gadus morhua l.) from the faroe bank compared with those from other fishing grounds. | | 1974 | 4810365 |
| toxicogenesis in irradiated atlantic cod and flounder at low storage temperatures. annual report 1968. tid-25232. | | 1965 | 4905687 |
| vibrio anguillarum isolated from a nasal abscess of the cod fish (gadus morhua). | | 1972 | 5049109 |
| erythrocyte lipids of atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | | 1971 | 5120250 |
| hypocalcemic activities in the ultimobranchial bodies of lungfishes, neoceratodus forsteri and lepidosiren paradoxa and teleosts, fundulus heteroclitus and gadus morhua. | | 1971 | 5128307 |
| the phospholipids associated with cytochrome c oxidase isolated from beef, dogfish and cod heart. | beef (bos taurus), dogfish (squalus acanthias) and cod (gadus morhua) heart submitochondrial particles and cytochrome c oxidase (ec 1.9.3.1) were prepared. the head groups and side chains of the phospholipids associated with these samples were analysed quantitatively. the fish phospholipids contained a higher proportion of long chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids than was found in the beef samples. the enzyme fraction showed no head group or fatty acyl chain preference when compared with the comp ... | 1984 | 6325085 |
| detection of cod (gadus morhua) subpopulations by chemical and statistical analysis of pollutants. | | 1984 | 6465952 |
| effects of crude oils on the gastrointestinal parasites of two species of marine fish. | to assess the effect of crude oil on selected gastrointestinal parasites of fish, winter flounder (pseudopleuronectes americanus) naturally infected with a digenetic trematode (steringophorus furciger), were exposed to contaminated sediment or water soluble fractions of venezuelan crude oil for 34 and 160 days respectively. similarly, atlantic cod (gadus morhua) harboring an acanthocephalan (echinorhynchus gadi), were treated with extracts of hibernia and venezuelan oils for periods of 81 to 140 ... | 1983 | 6644923 |
| widespread occurrence of the pesticide toxaphene in canadian east coast marine fish. | chromatographic and chemical confirmatory evidence is presented for the presence of residues of toxaphene, a polychlorinated camphene pesticide, in herring (clupea harengus harengus) and cod (gadus morhua) from widely-separated areas of the canadian east coast. toxaphene residues were not detected in a sample of deep-sea scallops (placopecten magellanicus). toxaphene was determined by capillary gas chromatography following a combination of chromatography and fuming nitric-concentrated sulfuric a ... | 1983 | 6874201 |
| the ulcus-syndrome in cod (gadus morhua). v. prevalence in selected danish marine recipients and a control site in the period 1976--1979. | the ulcus-syndrome in cod occurred in marine recipients receiving effluents from sugar and cellulose factories. the mean percentages in the years 1976--77 were for køge, assens and nykøbing f. 10.8%, 31.5%, and 7.4%, respectively, while two among 4,211 were affected at the control site, hundested (fig. 2). the disease was most prevalent in autumn (fig. 3) and the primary stages 1 and 2 with papules and erosions were dominating (fig. 4). one to two year old cod were most frequently attacked by th ... | 1982 | 6983679 |
| protein synthesis in vitro by epaxial muscle polyribosomes from cod, gadus morhua. | 1. ribosomes were isolated from epaxial muscle of cod (godus morhua). 2. incorporation of amino acids into protein was determined in systems containing liver cell sap from rat or rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri r.). maximal rates were at 35 degrees and 28 degrees c, respectively. the optimum ph was between 7.5 and 8.0. 3. ribosomes isolated from muscle stored at -80 degrees c between 1 and 14 days retained 86% of the activity of ribosomes from fresh tissue. 4. starvation of fish for 10 days reduc ... | 1982 | 7116809 |
| the ulcus-syndrome in cod (gadus morhua). iv. transmission experiments with two viruses isolated from cod and vibrio anguillarum. | vibrio anguillarum is a serious fish pathogenic bacterium, but it was not found capable of producing the ulcus-syndrome by different inoculation methods in cod. it was possible to transmit the ulcus-syndrome from cod with the papulo-vesicular stage to apparently healthy cod, when they were kept in the same aquarium. scarification and inoculation with ground papule material lead to development of the ulcus-syndrome. inoculation of rhabdovirus failed to produce the ulcus-syndrome. intracardial ino ... | 1982 | 7177806 |
| the pca-tension and force-velocity characteristics of skinned fibres isolated from fish fast and slow muscles. | 1. single fast fibres and small bundles of two to six slow fibres were dissected from the myotomal muscles of the cod, gadus morhua, and the dogfish, scyliorhinus canicula. fibres were chemically skinned with the non-ionic detergent brij 58.2. the isometric tension properties were investigated. maximal isometric tensions (mean +/- s.e. of mean) were 18.65+/-1.18 (n = 11) and 8.34+/-0.98 (n = 13) n cm(-2) for cod fast and slow fibres, and 18.34+/-0.88 (n = 28) and 8.24+/-0.39 (n = 12) n cm(-2) fo ... | 1982 | 7182472 |
| mortality in captive atlantic cod, gadus morhua, associated with fin rot disease. | a total of 320 of 621 (52%) captive atlantic cod, gadus morhua, died from fin rot over an 8-year period; mortality reached high proportions in 1979 when 110 of 168 (66%) succumbed. lesions were confined to the fins, skin and dermal musculature and were observed 3-10 days after the fish were placed in laboratory aquaria. erosion of the fins and caudal peduncle, accompanied by petechiae and ulceration also were apparent in the trunk region. most deaths occurred within 2 months after capture. infec ... | 1981 | 7338975 |
| chymotrypsin isoenzymes in atlantic cod; differences in kinetics and substrate specificity. | two chymotrypsin isoenzymes, cht1 and cht2 from cod pyloric caeca showed different kinetics against both chromogenic peptide and proteinaceous substrates. the enzymes have similar kcat values but cht1 had substantially lower values for km compared to cht2. the enzymes also differed in cleaving site specificity with the oxidised b-chain of bovine insulin as substrate. cht1 exhibited broader cleavage specificity compared to cht2. this difference is parallel to the difference between chymotrypsin c ... | 1995 | 7584866 |
| sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens) infection in common seals (phoca vitulina) and potential intermediate fish hosts from the outer oslofjord. | infection with pseudoterranova decipiens in 45 common seals (phoca vitulina) from the outer oslofjord was investigated. seals were collected before and during the phocine distemper virus epizootic in 1988 when the seal population in the area was reduced from about 350 to 100. in 1989, cod (gadus morhua) and other fish species were sampled for comparison with earlier investigations on prevalence and abundance of p. decipiens infection in fishes from the outer oslofjord. seventy-two per cent of co ... | 1995 | 7601595 |
| comparative study of the colchicine binding site and the assembly of fish and mammalian microtubule proteins. | isolated microtubules from cod (gadus morhua) are apparently more stable to colchicine than bovine microtubules. in order to further characterize this difference, the effect of the colchicine analogue 2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,6-cyclo heptatrien-1-one (mtc) was studied on assembly, as measured by turbidity and sedimentation analysis, and on polymer morphology. mtc has the advantage to bind fast and reversible to the colchicine binding site of tubulin even at low temperatures. it w ... | 1995 | 7606808 |
| [the use of antifreeze glycoproteins in the freezing in liquid nitrogen of early mouse embryos]. | the cryoprotective properties of antifreeze glycoproteins (afgps) isolated from white sea cod (gadus morhua) blood were analyzed. improved preservation of morphological characteristics was observed in two-cell mouse embryos frozen in the presence of afgp but without other cryoprotectors. however, subsequent development after thawing was achieved only with embryos frozen in a medium containing both afgp and dimethyl sulfoxide. the maximum increase in the number of surviving embryos (by a factor o ... | 1995 | 7735035 |
| immunohistochemical localization of cyp1a and cyp3a-like isozymes in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), a marine fish. | the cellular localization of inducible cyp1a and constitutive cyp3a-like forms in different organ systems of atlantic cod (gadus morhua) was determined in control fish and fish exposed to beta-naphthoflavone (bnf). paraffin-embedded sections were stained with polyclonal rabbit anti-cod p450 1a igg or rabbit anti-rainbow trout p450con (a putative cyp3a form which cross-reacts with purified cod p450b) serum by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. following bnf-exposure of cod, cyp1a induct ... | 1994 | 7992319 |
| nickel-63 in baltic fish and sediments. | the determination of 63ni was carried out on fish samples of cod (gadus morhua), herring (clupea harengus), sprat (sprattus sprattus) and samples of sediment core from the gdańsk bay. in contrast to stable nickel, 63ni is non-uniformly distributed within the fish. more than 95% of total 63ni content in cod and herring is located in fillet with skin and scale. our data suggesting, that mechanism for uptake of 63ni in cod and herring is by passive adsorption onto the surface of skin and scale mucu ... | 1994 | 8019522 |
| different stability of posttranslationally modified brain microtubules isolated from cold-temperate fish. | microtubule proteins were isolated by a temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly method from brain tissue of for cold-temperature fish; one fresh water fish (oncorhynchus mykiss), and three marine fish (labrus berggylta, zoarces viviparus and gadus morhua). the alpha-tubulins from all four fish species were acetylated. the alpha-tubulins from the marine fish were composed of a mixture of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin, while the fresh water fish tubulin only reacted with an antibody aga ... | 1994 | 8028593 |
| diseases and injuries associated with mortality of hatchery reared baltic cod (gadus morhua l.) larvae. | a cod hatching plant was established in 1992 on the island of bornholm in the baltic sea in order to elucidate the possibilities for restocking of cod fry in this brackishwater system. the disease prevalence in 3 batches of hatchery-reared yolksac larvae from the baltic cod (gadus morhua l.) was monitored during the posthatch period. high prevalences of bacteriosis/mycosis, lordosis/scoliosis, injuries and protozoan endoparasitism were recorded. vibrio sp. and vibrio anguillarum serovar 04, 06, ... | 1993 | 8147291 |
| [the parasitization of gadus morhua in the southern baltic sea]. | during a survey of the working group 25 of bmb in the south of the baltic sea in october 1991 105 cod (gadus morhua l.) were investigated for parasites (ices subdivision areas 22, 24, 25 and 26). they were parasitized by 15 species. with increasing salinity (from east to west) and in the higher size groups more parasite species were present. eimeria spec. in the liver and schistocephalus spec. in the body cavity were registered for the first time in cod. | 1993 | 8220575 |
| isolation and characterization of cdnas from atlantic cod encoding two different forms of trypsinogen. | the cdnas encoding two different anionic forms of atlantic cod trypsinogen have been isolated and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences include the 5'-noncoding and 3'-noncoding regions in addition to preproenzymes of 241 amino acids. these consist of hydrophobic signal peptides, activation hexapeptides and trypsins of 222 amino acid residues. the cod trypsins contain all the major structural features common to trypsins such as the catalytic triad his57, asp102 and ser195. furthermore, the obligat ... | 1993 | 8223632 |
| 1,25(oh)2 vitamin d3 increases ionized plasma calcium concentrations in the immature atlantic cod gadus morhua. | intraperitoneal injections of 1,25(oh)2 vitamin d3 (1,25(oh)2d3) produced hypercalcemia in the marine teleost the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) with increased plasma concentrations of ionized calcium (cai) while the total plasma calcium concentrations (cat) were unaffected. a single injection of 10 micrograms kg bw-1 of 1,25(oh)2d3 increased cai concentrations from 1.74 +/- 0.03 mm to 1.8 +/- 0.01 mm after 24 hr in experiment 1 and from 1.67 +/- 0.03 mm to 1.82 +/- 0.06 mm after 72 hr in experimen ... | 1993 | 8224778 |
| assembly of atlantic cod (gadus morhua) brain microtubules at different temperatures: dependency of microtubule-associated proteins is relative to temperature. | isolated cod (gadus morhua) brain microtubules were found to have a broad temperature interval for assembly. in contrast to mammalian microtubules they assembled even at as low temperatures as 14 degrees c. evidence was found that temperature alters the dependency of microtubule-associated proteins (maps) for assembly. the assembly was maps-dependent at low, but not at higher temperatures. assembly at +18 degrees c was inhibited by both nacl and estramustine phosphate. these compounds are well k ... | 1993 | 8239657 |
| in vitro digestibility of different prey species of minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata). | information on diet composition, daily energy expenditure, energy storage and the utilization of energy in the prey are important factors when evaluating the food consumption of minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata) during their summer stay in northern waters. the purpose of the present study was in this context to obtain information on the digestible energy (de) of different prey selected by minke whales. an in vitro three-stage digestion technique, simulating the different compartments of ... | 1993 | 8260475 |
| levels of environmental pollutants in flounder (platichthys flesus l.) and cod (gadus morhua l.) caught in the waterway of glomma, norway. ii. mercury and arsenic. | the present study is a survey on mercury and arsenic pollution in two sedentary fish species stationed in or close to the glomma estuary in the hvaler archipelago, norway. mercury and arsenic were determined individually in 80 flounder (platichthys flesus l.) and 100 cod (gadus morhua l.). the fish were caught at five different localities near or in the relatively polluted glomma estuary. there were significantly higher mercury and arsenic concentrations in fillets of flounder than in fillets of ... | 1993 | 8466301 |
| calpain processing of brain microtubules from the atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | microtubules isolated from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) brains retained assembly competence and ultraculture, although treatment with rabbit calpain resulted in loss of maps. in addition, spirals and aberrant structures formed when calpain i was activated post assembly. no such effect was seen with calpain ii. soluble fractions from cod brain were found to contain proteolytic activity that could be blocked by exogenously added calpastatin. calpain was also isolated from cod muscle tissue with 10 ... | 1993 | 8510675 |
| properties of elastase from atlantic cod, a cold-adapted proteinase. | an intestinal elastase was purified from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) of apparent molecular mass 24.8 kda as determined by sds-page and with isoelectric point above pi 9.3. heat stability and stability towards acidic ph was reduced in the cod enzyme as compared with porcine intestinal elastase. n-terminal amino-acid sequence analysis of cod elastase showed considerable similarity with porcine elastase. the cod enzyme was less sensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibition than porcine elas ... | 1993 | 8518301 |
| [study of cryoprotective properties of antifreeze glycoproteins from the white sea cod gadus morhua on low temperature freezing of mouse embryos]. | the effect of antifreeze glycoproteins on morphological preservation and viability of mouse embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen was studied. cryomicroscopic observations indicated that as distinct from the cryoprotector dimethylsulfoxide antifreeze glycoproteins cause phenomena typical of vitrification (absence of visible crystallization, transparency of medium). the embryos frozen in the presence of freeze glycoproteins had after thawing a higher morphological preservation (87.5%) than tho ... | 1995 | 8590727 |
| nucleotide sequence of transferrin cdnas and tissue-specific of the transferrin gene in atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | atlantic cod (gadus morhua) transferrin cdnas were isolated from a liver cdna library using a cod transferrin-derived polymerase chain reaction product as a hybridization probe. the composite nucleotide sequence of two overlapping clones was 2223 bp in length excluding the poly(a) sequence and was equivalent to 87% of the 3' end of the atlantic salmon transferrin cdna sequence. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of cod, salmon, xenopus and several mammalian transferrins revealed that ... | 1996 | 8653583 |
| structure of chymotrypsin variant b from atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | the amino-acid sequence of chymotrypsin variant b isolated from the pyloric caeca of atlantic cod has been elucidated. the characterization of the primary structure is based on n-terminal edman degradation and mass spectrometry of the native protein and enzymatically derived peptides. chymotrypsin variant b showed 72% sequence identity with the a-variant and 64% and 62%, respectively, with the bovine counterparts a and b, all consisting of 245 amino acids. this new sequence contains a higher pro ... | 1996 | 8841380 |
| effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the tvb/tma-producing microflora of cod fillets. | cod fillets (gadus morhua) were packed under modified atmospheres, with four different gas compositions (60% co2-10% o2-30% n2, 60% co2-20% o2-20% n2, 60% co2-30% o2-10% n2, 60% co2-40% o2), and stored at 6 degrees c. plate counts were carried out after 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days, to follow the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, h2s-producing bacteria and enterobacteriaceae. the production of total volatile bases (tvb) and trimethylamine (tma), and the changes in ph of th ... | 1996 | 8880310 |
| [crystallization of aqueous solutions of cryoprotectors from atlantic cod and lake gammarus]. | a comparative analysis of two types of cryoprotectants, antifreeze glycoproteins from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and carbohydrates from hemolymph of amphypoid crustacean (gammarus lacustris) has been performed. both glycoprotein and carbohydrate antifreezes effectively decreased the freezing point of water solutions and diminished the size of ice crystals formed. noncolligative and colligative mechanisms of action are characteristic correspondingly for glycoproteins and carbohydrates. | 1996 | 9044625 |
| classification of photobacteria associated with spoilage of fish products by numerical taxonomy and pyrolysis mass spectrometry. | forty strains of luminous and non-luminous photobacterium phosphoreum isolates from cod (gadus morhua) and seven reference strains of psychrotolerant and mesophilic photobacteria were examined for 156 unit characters in a numerical taxonomic study. the fish strains were isolated from the intestines, from spoiled products and by using a specific detection method. the data were analysed using the similarity coefficient and the unweighted pair-group with arithmetic averages algorithm. in addition t ... | 1997 | 9060149 |
| experimental infection/transmission of sculpins (myoxocephalus scorpius) and cod (gadus morhua) by sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens) larvae. | five serial transmission experiments with sealworm larvae were carried out. pseudoterranova decipiens third-stage larvae (l3) were transferred via a stomach tube from sculpin to cod, from cod to sculpin, from sculpin to sculpin, and from cod to cod. after a minimum of 37 days the recipient fish were killed and the numbers of surviving p. decipiens larvae were recorded. p. decipiens transferred to sculpins showed the greatest rate of survival. | 1997 | 9134562 |
| nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) viruses from different geographical areas: a link between vhs in farmed fish species and viruses isolated from north sea cod (gadus morhua l.). | rt-pcr methods have been applied to the detection and sequencing of the glycoprotein gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), the rhabdovirus which causes viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) in farmed salmonid fish. phylogenetic analysis of a 360 nt region of the glycoprotein gene from a range of marine and fresh water vhsv isolates identified three genogroups, i-iii. significantly, two virus isolates recovered from ulcerated north sea cod caught off the shetland islands, and an iso ... | 1997 | 9191924 |
| kinetics of chloride transport across fish red blood cell membranes | the continuous flow tube method was used to investigate the kinetics of chloride transport, and its potential oxygenation-dependency, in red blood cells (rbcs) from four teleost fish species and man. a significant interspecific variation in cl- transport kinetics was found. at 15 °c, the rate constant k for unidirectional 36cl- efflux was significantly lower in rbcs from eel and carp than in rbcs from rainbow trout and atlantic cod. the values of k of cod rbcs at 15 °c and of human rbcs ... | 1995 | 9320152 |
| map 0, a 400-kda microtubule-associated protein unique to teleost fish. | microtubules from neural tissues of the atlantic cod, gadus morhua, and of several species of antarctic teleosts are composed of tubulin and several microtubule-associated proteins (maps), one of which has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 400-430 kda. because its apparent molecular weight exceeds those of the map 1 proteins, we designate this high molecular weight teleost protein map 0. cod map 0 failed to cross-react with antibodies specific for maps 1a, 1b and 2 of mammalian brain ... | 1997 | 9384216 |
| effects of long-term temperature acclimation on thyroid hormone deiodinase function, plasma thyroid hormone levels, growth, and reproductive status of male atlantic cod, gadus morhua. | the recent collapse of the northwestern atlantic cod fisheries has coincided with a cooling of water temperatures. during this time the condition factor of cod has been poor. the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of long-term temperature acclimation on growth reproduction and thyroid function in laboratory held atlantic cod (gadus morhua). one of the key parameters used to assess thyroid function is the peripheral metabolism of l-thyroxine (t4) by microsomal deiodinase ... | 1998 | 9446719 |
| distribution of whaleworm (anisakis simplex, nematoda, ascaridoidea) l3 larvae in three species of marine fish; saithe (pollachius virens (l.)), cod (gadus morhua l.) and redfish (sebastes marinus (l.)) from norwegian waters. | the frequency distribution of anisakis simplex l3 larvae between host tissues was investigated in three host species: saithe, cod and redfish. fish were sampled from norwegian coastal waters and examined for the presence of a. simplex in muscle and viscera. in all three of the host species, a. simplex larvae were most frequently detected in the viscera; the percentages of total infection for saithe, cod and redfish were 99.6%, 97.8% and 88.0%, respectively. in general, the distribution patterns ... | 1998 | 9569092 |
| scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis in endocardial endothelial cells of atlantic cod gadus morhua. | scavenger receptors are multifunctional integral membrane proteins that mediate the endocytosis of many different macromolecular polyanions and also participate in host defence reactions and cell adherance. in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), two intravenously injected scavenger receptor ligands, [125i]tyramine-cellobiose-labelled formaldehyde-treated serum albumin (125i-tc-fsa) and 125i-labelled n-terminal propeptide of type i procollagen (125i-pinp), distributed mainly to the heart. cellular up ... | 1998 | 9576881 |
| a comparative study of pentraxin-like proteins in different fish species. | pentraxins are a family of pentameric serum proteins that have been conserved in evolution and share sequence homology, similar subunit assembly and the capacity for calcium-dependent ligand binding. the classical pentraxins are human c-reactive protein (crp) and serum amyloid p component (sap). the sequence homology and gene organization indicate that they arose from a gene duplication of an ancestral pentraxin gene. they are usually isolated based on their affinity for phosphorylcholine and ag ... | 1998 | 9639088 |
| new data on the early development of hysterothylacium aduncum (nematoda, anisakidae). | this note reports on incidental observations of the early development of the third-stage larvae of hysterothylacium aduncum from gadid fishes. gravid h. aduncum females were collected from pollachius virens, pollachius pollachius. gadus morhua, and molva molva in norwegian waters. the eggs were incubated at 20 per thousand salinity and 5 c. spontaneous hatching of third-stage larvae was observed 10-25 days after egg deposition. these larvae were long lived and could infect acartia tonsa copepods ... | 1998 | 9645866 |
| primary structure, distribution, and effects on motility of cgrp in the intestine of the cod gadus morhua. | calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) was isolated from an extract of the intestine of the cod gadus morhua. the primary structure of this 37-amino acid peptide was established as follows: acnta tcvth rladf lsrsg gigns nfvpt nvgsk af-nh2. the peptide shows close structural similarities to other nonmammalian (3-4 amino acid substitutions) and mammalian (5-8 amino acid substitutions) cgrps, and it contains the two residues asp14 and phe15 that seem to be characteristic for cgrp in nonmammalian ve ... | 1998 | 9688955 |
| the third serine proteinase with chymotrypsin specificity isolated from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) is a type-ii elastase. | preparations of chymotrypsin from atlantic cod are heterogeneous and previously gave rise to two active peaks when subjected to ph-gradient chromatography. extension of the ph-gradient resolved a third protein peak with benzoyltyrosine ethylester hydrolytic activity. the first two peaks have been characterized as chymotrypsin variants and designated a and b, whereas the identity of the third peak was not clear. analysis of this protein by edman sequencing and mass spectrometry has now confirmed ... | 1998 | 9738903 |
| sickling of anoxic red blood cells in fish. | the occurrence of the mutant hemoglobin hb s in human red blood cells results in sickle cell anemia. this disease, including its genetic and molecular bases, has been extensively investigated and is well understood (1,2). the presence of deoxy-induced sickling of animal erythrocytes is largely unknown, however. we examined red blood cells (rbcs) from several fish species in vitro under aerated and anoxic conditions. our polarized light microscopic techniques were aimed at establishing correlatio ... | 1998 | 9739547 |
| structure and proposed amino-acid sequence of a pepsin from atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | the crystal structure of a pepsin from the gastric mucosa of atlantic cod has been determined to 2.16 a resolution. data were collected on orthorhombic crystals with cell dimensions a = 35.98, b = 75.40 and c = 108.10 a, on a fast area-detector system. the phase problem was solved by the molecular-replacement method using porcine pepsin (pdb entry 5pep) as a search model. the structure has been refined to a crystallographic r factor of 20.8% using all reflections between 8.0 and 2.16 a, without ... | 1998 | 9761815 |
| mitochondrial cytochrome b dna sequence variation of atlantic cod, gadus morhua, from the baltic and the white seas. | we studied sequence variation of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and direct sequencing of 109 atlantic cod (gadus morhua) from the baltic and 19 cod from the white sea. eight nucleotide substitutions define 12 haplotypes differing from each other by one to six substitutions. all mutations are at silent sites and thus neutral to selection arising from protein action. frequencies of four common haplotypes are 6%-57% and haplotype diversity is ... | 1998 | 9868927 |
| identification of betaiii- and betaiv-tubulin isotypes in cold-adapted microtubules from atlantic cod (gadus morhua): antibody mapping and cdna sequencing. | isolated microtubule proteins from the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) assemble at temperatures between 8 and 30 degrees c. the cold-adaptation is an intrinsic property of the tubulin molecules, but the reason for it is unknown. to increase our knowledge of tubulin diversity and its role in cold-adaptation we have further characterized cod tubulins using alpha- and beta-tubulin site-directed antibodies and antibodies towards posttranslationally modified tubulin. in addition, one cod brain beta-tubul ... | 1999 | 10223637 |
| anisakidae larval infection in fish fillets sold in belgium. | fish fillets (n = 1760) sold on the belgium market were examined for anisakidae larval infection. seven sea fish species were examined by means of the candling technique over a period of 4 months, from november 1996 to february 1997. third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and pseudoterranova decipiens were identified. a. simplex was the most abundant species with a prevalence of 84.5%, and was found in 192 of the examined fillets (10.9%). pollock (pollachius pollachius) was the most heavily infe ... | 1999 | 10321017 |
| light chain variable region diversity in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.). | this study was undertaken to determine if a lack of v(l) domain variability could explain, in part, the failure of atlantic cod to respond to immunization with the production of specific antibodies. the variability of cod v(l) regions was studied in 33 cdna and two genomic clones. the variability of the cdrs was estimated by the shannon entropy method and compared with that in other species. it was found to be lowest in the little skate (raja erinacea), higher in cod, and highest in xenopus and ... | 1999 | 10402210 |
| occurrence of trichodinid ciliates (peritricha : urceolariidae) in the kiel fjord, baltic sea, and its possible use as a biological indicator. | investigations on the occurrence of trichodinid ciliates from fish caught in the kiel bight and kiel fjord (western baltic sea) were carried out between september 1996 and march 1997. smears of the gills, fins, and skin of 120 gadus morhua and 92 platichthys flesus caught by fish traps and trammel nets revealed the presence of trichodinid ciliates. according to the fish species and locality, different prevalences and densities of trichodinid ciliates were found. fish caught in the kiel bight rev ... | 1999 | 10431740 |
| characterization of the cloned atlantic cod neuropeptide y-yb receptor: peptide-binding requirements distinct from known mammalian y receptors. | five members of the neuropeptide y (npy) receptor family have been cloned in mammals. the recently cloned npy receptor in the atlantic cod seems to be distinct from the mammalian subtypes as it has only 50% identity to y1, y4, and y6 and only 30% to y2 and y5. in most of the other families of g-protein-coupled receptors, species homologues have 65-90% identity between fishes and mammals. the functional expression and detailed pharmacological characterization of this cod npy receptor, designated ... | 1999 | 10480994 |
| isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) from wild marine fish species in the baltic sea, kattegat, skagerrak and the north sea. | in order to analyse the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the marine environment surrounding denmark, fish tissue samples were collected on four cruises with the research vessel h/s dana in 1996 and 1997. the sampling comprised 923 samples totalling 7344 fish representing 29 different species. vhsv was isolated from 24 fish samples from the baltic sea, four samples from skagerrak and three samples from the north sea. the virus-positive host species included herring clu ... | 1999 | 10509720 |