| effect of nutritional factors and cortisol on tyrosine aminotransferase activity in liver of brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis mitchill. | 1. starvation for over 50 days increased the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase (tat) from brook trout liver and decreased liver glycogen. 2. cortisol (6-40 mg/100 g body wt) increased tat activity, optimally 72 hr post-injection; liver glycogen response to cortisol was variable while tissue water either increased or remained constant. 3. fish fed high-protein/low-carbohydrate had greater tat activity than fish fed low-protein/high carbohydrate. there was food-induced peak of activity indicat ... | 1977 | 45525 |
| influence of bovine tsh on plasma thyroxine levels and thyroid function in brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill). | | 1976 | 60268 |
| residues of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from lakes huron and superior, canada--1968-76. | five species of fish from lake superior and 12 species from lake huron were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) between 1968 and 1975. mean residues of sigma ddt peaked at 1.72 ppm and 7.60 ppm in lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) from lakes superior and huron, respectively. by 1975, the mean level of sigma ddt had decreased in lake trout and was highest in bloaters (coregonus hoi) from both lakes: 1.06 ppm and 1.87 ppm, respectively. dieldrin levels in fi ... | 1978 | 101967 |
| acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide to freshwater fishes. | acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide was determined at various temperatures from 4 degrees to 30 degrees c and oxygen concentrations of 3.36 to 9.26 mg/l on different life history stages of five species of fish: fathead minnow, pimephales promelas refinesque; bluegill, lepomis macrochirus rafinesque; yellow perch, perca flavescens (mitchill); brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill); and rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri richardson. median lethal threshold concentrations and 96-hr lc50's were es ... | 1978 | 215091 |
| non-repetitive dna sequence divergence in phylogenetically diploid and tetraploid teleostean species of the family cyprinidae and the order isospondyli. | non-repetitive dna of anciently tetraploid teleostean species was analysed for the presence of duplicated sequences. closely related diploid species were investigated in comparison. from the reassociation kinetics of total nuclear dna, rate constants and fraction sizes of classes of repetitive and non-repetitive sequences were determined. dna fractions enriched in the slowest renaturing sequence class were determined. dna fractions enriched in the slowest renaturing sequence class were prepared ... | 1979 | 533669 |
| life history and habitat analysis of the eye fluke diplostomum spathaceum (trematoda: diplostomatidae) in utah. | diplostomum spathaceum which is widespread throughout utah in desert, mountain valley, and high alpine lakes, causes a disease known as diplostomatosis or eye fluke disease. snails (756) were examined and two species, lymnaea stagnalis and l. palustris were positive for d. spathaceum. examination of 838 fish, which included 19 species, revealed 10 species (salmo trutta, catostomus discobulus, salmo clarki, micropterus salmoides, catostomus platyrhynchus, salmo gairdneri, gila atraria, catostomus ... | 1977 | 864559 |
| permeability of trout erythrocytes to nonelectrolytes. | using a densimeter technique, a kinetic analysis was made, employing both entrance and exit studies, of the permeability of erythrocytes of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), german brown trout (salmo trutta) and cutthroat trout (salmo clarki) to glycerol, ethylene glycol, thiourea and urea. all of the data indicate that these four nonelectrolytes cross the membrane of the erythrocytes of these four species of fishes by simple diffusion only. | 1976 | 974163 |
| blood changes in brook trout induced by infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | furunculosis was induced in brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, by experimental inoculation with aeromonas salmonicida. total protein, hemoglobin, sialic acid, fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, inorganic-phosphorus, acid-soluble phosphorus, and lipid-phosphorus decreased in the blood of the infected fish while amino acids, urea, total creatinine, ammonia, and glucose increased. pyruvic acid, lactic acid, and ascorbic acid values showed no significant change. | 1976 | 1255917 |
| gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n. (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill) (clupeiformes: salmonidae) in czechoslovakia. | gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n (gyrodactylidae: monogenea) is described from the fins, skin and gill filaments of oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill) (clupeiformes: salmonidae) from a trout farm in czechoslovakia. g. bohemicus sp. n. is most closely related to g. thymalli zitnan, 1960 and g. magnus konovalov, 1967 in the shape of the anchors, the ventral and the dorsal bar, but can be distinguished from both these species by the shape of the marginal hook proper. | 1992 | 1291456 |
| in vivo effects of the steroid analogue ru486 on some aspects of intermediary and thyroid metabolism of brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis. | the glucocorticoid analogue ru486 was administered by intraperitoneal injection to brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis) to further explore the role of cortisol on aspects of intermediary and thyroid hormone metabolism of the species. ru486 significantly elevated the hepatosomatic index, hepatic g3pdh activity, and hepatic glycogen content, but was without effect on hepatic protein content, hepatic fpbase activity, or plasma glucose concentration. however, the stressor-related increase in plasma g ... | 1992 | 1333515 |
| molecular and genetic characterization of cytochrome oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida isolated from coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch). | cytochrome oxidase variants of the bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida, were characterized for genetic and molecular homology with cytochrome oxidase-positive isolates that typically induce furunculosis in salmonids. protein and lipopolysaccharide moieties of the cytochrome oxidase-negative variants were similar to their typical counterparts, based on sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pathogenicity of aberrant isolates to brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) wa ... | 1992 | 1335520 |
| the role of alpha 2-macroglobulin in furunculosis: a comparison of rainbow trout and brook trout. | 1. the molecular basis for the high survival rate of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, infected with furunculosis was investigated. 2. alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2m), a major serum protease inhibitor, was partially purified from rainbow trout and brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, sera; the latter species shows marked disease susceptibility. 3. it is shown that a 10-fold species-based difference in alpha 2m inhibitory activity exists against a furunculosis associated bacterial protease. 4. ... | 1991 | 1714367 |
| virulence and serum-resistance in different clonal groups and serotypes of yersinia ruckeri. | the virulence in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) of 32 isolates of yersinia ruckeri, representing a range of biotypes, serotypes, and omp-types, was examined. virulence was assayed in fish of average weight 7.7 g by bath challenge for 1 h with approximately 5 x 10(7) cells per ml. two of the six serotype o1 clonal groups of y. ruckeri, clones 2 and 5, were virulent, whereas the other four clonal groups, clones 1, 3, 4 and 6, as well as all serotype o2, o5, o6 and o7 isolates examined, were a ... | 1991 | 1771752 |
| morphology of diplomonad flagellates: spironucleus torosa n. sp. from atlantic cod gadus morhua l., and haddock melanogrammus aeglefinus (l.) and hexamita salmonis moore from brook trout salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill). | a diplomonad flagellate, spironucleus torosa n. sp. is described from atlantic cod gadus morhua and haddock melanogrammus aeglefinus. this is believed to be the 1st confirmed report of spironucleus from a marine fish. organisms swimming in the rectal lumen were broadly pyriform to elongate, and measured 10.5-18.6 microns long and 3.2-13.3 microns wide; other elongate organisms were attached to the rectal epithelium, via apical extensions appearing continuous with the microvilli. the posterior en ... | 1990 | 2213651 |
| effects of recombinant human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 on body growth and blood metabolites in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis). | groups of juvenile brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) were acclimated to 12.0-13.0 degrees dechlorified water and a photoperiod of 12 hr light: 12 hr dark. recombinant human growth hormone (hgh) (10.0 micrograms/g body wt) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (higf-1), used in a wide range of dosages (0.001-10.0 micrograms/g body wt), were given weekly as intramuscular injections. the fish receiving hgh were already significantly heavier and longer than the saline-injected control fish after 3 weeks ... | 1989 | 2680753 |
| gonadotropin stimulation of k+ secretion and na+ absorption by brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) sperm duct epithelium. | the sperm duct epithelium from mature spermiating brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) was mounted in vitro to examine control of na+ absorptive and k+ secretory transport. na+ absorption (measured as the short-circuit current) and k+ secretion (measured using 86rb+ as tracer) were stimulated by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and cyclic amp while unstimulated tissues had no net ion transport. purified chum salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) con aii carbohydrate-rich gonadotropin produced a rapid, sustained ... | 1989 | 2767401 |
| effects of polymyxin b nonapeptide on aeromonas salmonicida. | in contrast to polymyxin b-susceptible gram-negative bacteria of human origin, the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida was resistant to sensitization by polymyxin b nonapeptide (pmbn) to hydrophobic antibiotics. similarly, sensitization of a. salmonicida strains by pmbn to the bactericidal action of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) serum complement was less pronounced than the similar effect of pmbn against other gram-negative bacteria in certain mammalian sera. the surface array protein (a l ... | 1987 | 2823698 |
| effect of propranolol in combination with tsh and ovine prolactin on plasma thyroid hormone levels and in vitro hepatic monodeiodination of thyroxine in brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill). | 1. ovine tsh stimulated an increase in plasma t4 levels in brook charr, but plasma t3 levels, hepatic t3 content and hepatic t4-monodeiodination to t3 were unaffected. tsh-induced plasma t4 levels were further enhanced in propranolol-pretreated fish. 2. fish treated with ovine prolactin + tsh had elevated plasma t3 levels, hepatic t3 content and hepatic t4-monodeiodination rates compared with tsh-treated animals. propranolol-pretreatment further enhanced hepatic t4-monodeiodination in these fish ... | 1988 | 2904348 |
| selection for virulence in the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida, using coomassie brilliant blue agar. | coomassie brilliant blue agar was used to quantify the frequency of the a-layer phenotype in different isolates of aeromonas salmonicida. hydrophilic, non-clumping isolates of a. salmonicida consisted predominantly of the a-layer minus phenotype. these bacteria were avirulent by intraperitoneal injection into susceptible brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and could not be reisolated from infected fish. by contrast, hydrophobic, clumping isolates were predominantly of the a-layer positive phenot ... | 1988 | 3193563 |
| effect of cortisol on the in vitro hepatic conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis mitchill). | in vitro studies with liver homogenates of brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis) demonstrate that the conversion of thyroxine (t4) to triiodothyronine (t3) is dependent upon temperature, ph, substrate, and homogenate concentration, supporting the hypothesis of an enzymatic hepatic t4 to t3 conversion. dithiothreitol has a marked stimulatory effect on the rate of conversion. the kinetics of the conversion, determined by lineweaver-burke analysis suggest a michaelis-menten (km) constant of 1.3 x 10( ... | 1988 | 3384310 |
| dynamics of cortisol receptor activity in the gills of the brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, during seawater adaptation. | injection of cortisol into freshwater-adapted brook trout caused a rapid increase in plasma cortisol and a significant drop in plasma osmolality, thyroxine (t4), and chloride concentrations, but a nonsignificant drop in plasma triiodothyronine (t3). concomitantly, cortisol cytosolic receptor activity decreased and cortisol nuclear extract receptor activity increased significantly. transfer of brook trout into 30% seawater evoked a significant rise in plasma cortisol, osmotic, and chloride concen ... | 1987 | 3436518 |
| an epizootic in chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol-positive serovar 2 strain of yersinia ruckeri. | enteric redmouth disease is described in chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at a state hatchery in sand ridge, illinois. biochemical, isoenzyme, and serological data indicated that the epizootic was caused by a sorbitol-fermenting serovar 2 strain of yersinia ruckeri. in laboratory experiments the isolate was pathogenic for both brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | 1986 | 3503134 |
| immunization of salmonids against yersinia ruckeri: significance of humoral immunity and cross protection between serotypes. | brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) were immunized with bacterins containing either serotype 1 or 2 isolates of yersinia ruckeri to determine the relative degree of cross-protection afforded when the fish were challenged with the homologous or heterologous serotype. while fish immunized with ph-lysed bacterins produced highly specific agglutinins that did not cross-react with antigens derived from a heterologous serotype of y. ruckeri all fish were protected against experimental challenge, regar ... | 1987 | 3682081 |
| gyrodactylus salmonis (yin and sproston, 1948) parasitizing fry of salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill). | fry of brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill), were infected under controlled conditions with gyrodactylus salmonis (yin and sproston, 1948) and the course of infection followed for 22 days in four groups of 40 fish and for 60 days in a group of 200 fish. between 15 and 44% mortality occurred among infected groups compared with less than 5% in noninfected control groups. intensely infected moribund fish were cachexic, lethargic, and often darkened in color. histologic studies revealed tha ... | 1986 | 3712646 |
| interaction between aeromonas salmonicida and peritoneal macrophages of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis). | the phagocytic and bactericidal properties of peritoneal macrophages obtained from brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), injected with either glycogen or a modified freund's complete adjuvant (mfca), were evaluated against an avirulent and a virulent strain of aeromonas salmonicida. avirulent bacteria were effectively phagocytized and killed by macrophages obtained from fish injected with both irritants. with glycogen-elicited macrophages, no enhancement of killing was observed following opsoniza ... | 1986 | 3765344 |
| experimental induction of the carrier state in yearling brook trout: a model challenge protocol for ipnv immunization. | brook trout fry (salvelinus fontinalis) were not protected from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) challenge by immersion vaccination with inactivated, purified virus at concentrations of 10(7) to 10(9) pfu/ml. mortalities in vaccinated groups were higher than for the unvaccinated control group and appeared to be dose-dependent. a challenge protocol for adult brook trout was developed for future vaccine trials. a single intraperitoneal injection of virulent, purified virus was sufficien ... | 1986 | 3765358 |
| kinetics of t4 and t3 binding to plasma sites in salmonid teleost fish. | the relative affinities and maximum capacities of the classes of l-thyroxine (t4)- and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3)-binding sites in plasma of three species of salmonid teleost fish were determined by saturation analysis on miniature sephadex g-25 columns at 20-21 degrees and kinetic data were analyzed by the multiligand, multisite ligand computer program. in plasma of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) homologous ligand displacement indicated that both thyroid hormones (th) bound to a minimum o ... | 1987 | 3817450 |
| pituitary gonadotropin release patterns in pre-spawning brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri and leopard frogs, rana pipiens. | | 1972 | 4405343 |
| old salvelinus fontinalis. | | 1970 | 4920932 |
| toxicity of selected priority pollutants to various aquatic organisms. | toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the united states environmental protection agency (epa) as priority pollutants. acute toxicity information was determined for acenaphthene, arsenic trioxide, cadmium chloride, mercury(ii) chloride, silver nitrate, chlordane, endosulfan, and heptachlor. acute tests were conducted using one or more of the following species: fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), b ... | 1983 | 6617566 |
| extracellular virulence factors of aeromonas hydrophila in fish infections. | aeromonas hydrophila nrc 505 produced extracellular substances which were capable of causing pathological effects when injected into trout. proteolytic activity and haemolytic activity of the extracellular products, and the effect on fish, were lost on heating. the extracellular substances from strain g35, a protease-deficient mutant, were significantly more toxic to both rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and speckled trout (salvelinus fontinalis) than the analogous preparation from the parental s ... | 1981 | 7032678 |
| development of a water-effect ratio for copper, cadmium, and lead for the great works river in maine using ceriodaphnia dubia and salvelinus fontinalis. | | 1995 | 7756782 |
| relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus. | fish were sampled at the ed weed state fish hatchery (south hero, vermont, usa) in september 1992. aeromonas salmonicida was common, with concentrations as high as 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of mucus, and readily recovered from most mucus samples obtained from furunculosis-sensitive populations of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the pathogen was the predominant microorganism and accounted for greater tha ... | 1994 | 7760494 |
| redescription of trichodina kamchatika konovalov, shevlyakov et krasin, 1970 (ciliophora: peritrichida) from the brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) of eastern canada. | trichodina kamchatika konovalov, shevlyakov et krasin, 1970 is redescribed based on specimens obtained from the gills and body surface of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) from nova scotia and quebec, canada and its taxonomic history briefly reviewed. this is the first report of t. kamchatika from north america. | 1994 | 8050753 |
| diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum in fishes from southern argentina: association, abundance, distribution, pathological effects, and risk of human infection. | diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum are reported for the first time from argentina. the following species from lake moreno (southern argentina) were studied to determine whether plerocercoids were present: 11 brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), 32 perca (percichthys sp.), 21 pejerrey (patagonina hatcheri), and 114 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). brook trout harbored both species (27.3% prevalence of d. dendriticum and 9.0% of d. latum); perca harbored only d. latum (18. ... | 1993 | 8501594 |
| effect of dominance status on sex hormone levels in laboratory and wild-spawning male trout. | we investigated the relationship between male social status and hormone levels in salmonids spawning under laboratory and field conditions. in small groups of rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss) spawning in the laboratory, dominant males had higher plasma levels of testosterone (t) and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-p) compared with subordinates. steroid levels increased in subordinate males that became dominant after dominant males were experimentally removed; higher s ... | 1996 | 8729943 |
| the cell surface of aeromonas salmonicida determines in vitro survival in cultured brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) peritoneal macrophages. | aeromonas salmonicida strains phenotypically differing in their a-layer, lipopolysaccharide, and macrophage cytotoxicity were tested in vitro for survivability in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) serum with or without antibodies, and in vivo following intraperitoneal injection. the ability of brook trout peritoneal macrophages to phagocytize and kill the different phenotypes was investigated in an in vitro assay. the virulent strain, a. salmonicida 80204, which has the full complement of know ... | 1996 | 8971685 |
| immunization with viral antigens: infectious pancreatic necrosis. | clinical ipn has traditionally been observed in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, during the past 10 years outbreaks of ipn have been reported frequently in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in norway. acute ipn with high mortality is observed in fry at start feeding and in smolt in the first six months after transfer to seawater. today ipn is the most important infectious disease in norway in farmed fish, giving economic losses of about ... | 1997 | 9270848 |
| in vitro effects of the extracellular protein of renibacterium salmoninarum on phagocyte function in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis). | renibacterium salmoninarum is a facultative intracellular pathogen often found in host phagocytes where it appears to successfully avoid the host fish's immunological defenses. the objective of this investigation was to determine if soluble extracellular protein (ecp) produced by r. salmoninarum may contribute to the immunomodulation in bacterial kidney disease (bkd) via inhibition of phagocyte respiratory burst and/or phagocytosis mechanisms. splenic cells from adult brook trout (salvelinus fon ... | 1998 | 9646439 |
| occurrence of loma cf. salmonae in brook, brown and rainbow trout from buford trout hatchery, georgia, usa. | during a 6 mo study of moribund trout from buford hatchery, buford, georgia, usa, a loma cf. salmonae microsporidian parasite was studied in the gills of brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout salmo trutta, and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. this parasite was morphologically similar to l. salmonae and l. fontinalis but differed in spore size. scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that xenomas were embedded in gill filaments. transmission electron micrographs prep ... | 1998 | 9891735 |
| molecular cloning and evolution of transferrin cdnas in salmonids. | transferrin complementary dnas were cloned from the livers of seven species in three genera of salmonids (kokanee salmon oncorhynchus nerka, amago salmon oncorhynchus masou ishikawa, masu salmon oncorhynchus masou masou, japanese char salvelinus pluvius, brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, lake trout salvelinus namaycush, and brown trout salmo trutta) subsequent to polymerase chain reaction amplification with primers derived from conserved regions of transferrin cdna sequences. the transferrin cd ... | 1998 | 9892719 |
| seasonal patterns in the biology of eubothrium salvelini infecting brook trout in a creek in lower michigan. | a total of 392 brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, and 211 slimy sculpin, cottus cognatus, was examined for eubothrium salvelini (cestoda) from may 1995 through september 1996 from sweetwater creek, michigan. no seasonal pattern in prevalence, intensity, and abundance of parasites in trout and sculpin was determined. however a seasonal pattern in the length and percent gravid e. salvelini in brook trout suggests that recruitment of this parasite occurs during late summer and early fall. during t ... | 1998 | 9920300 |
| esterification and hydrolysis of vitamin a in the liver of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and the influence of a coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl. | recent reports of extremely low retinoid stores in fish living in contaminated river systems prompted an initial investigation of the mechanisms of hepatic storage and mobilization in brook trout. enzyme characterization in microsomes revealed a lecithin:retinol acyltransferase activity (lrat) optimum in the alkaline range (ph 9.0; vmax = 0.6 nmol per mg prot. h(-1); km = 10.2 microm) which is not known to occur in mammals, in addition to a secondary optimum at ph 6.5 typical of mammals. acyl co ... | 1999 | 10336091 |
| a tumor necrosis factor decoy receptor homologue is up-regulated in the brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) ovary at the completion of ovulation. | an up-regulated cdna fragment was obtained from differential-display polymerase chain reaction of brook trout ovarian tissue stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (pma) and calcium ionophore a23187. using this cdna as a probe, a full-length cdna of 2267 base pairs was obtained by screening a library of pma/a23187-stimulated ovarian cdna. the mrna obtained presumably encodes for a 302-amino acid protein showing similarities with several members of the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor ... | 2000 | 10642582 |
| increased susceptibility of salmonids to the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris following administration of hydrocortisone acetate. | gyrodactylus salaris infects numerous salmonid species, ranging from the fully susceptible (norwegian strains of salmo salar), through species which, though initially susceptible, eventually eliminate their infections (salvelinus alpinus and s. fontinalis) to entirely resistant (salmo trutta) species. here we describe experiments in which salvelinus alpinus, s. fontinalis and salmo trutta, implanted with hydrocortisone acetate to simulate stress-induced immunosuppression, were challenged with g. ... | 2000 | 10726266 |
| experimental and natural host specificity of loma salmonae (microsporidia). | the microsporidian loma salmonae (putz, hoffman & dunbar, 1965) morrison & sprague, 1981 has caused significant gill disease in pacific salmon oncorhynchus spp. host specificity of the parasite was examined experimentally by per os challenge of selected salmonids and non-salmonids with infective chinook salmon o. tshawytscha gill material. pink oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon o. keta, brown salmo trutta and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, and chinook salmon (controls) were positive, wh ... | 2000 | 10782347 |
| comparative analysis of intra-individual and inter-species dna sequence variation in salmonid ribosomal dna cistrons. | this study examines sequence divergence in three spacer regions of the ribosomal dna (rdna) cistron, to test the hypothesis of unequal mutation rates. portions of two transcribed spacers (its-1 and 5' ets) and the non-transcribed spacer (nts) or intergenic spacer (igs) formed the basis of comparative analyses. sequence divergence was measured both within an individual lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) and among several related salmonid species (lake trout; brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis; arc ... | 2000 | 10831845 |
| hydrography and population genetic structure in brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis, mitchill) from eastern canada. | despite the abundance of studies of genetic diversity in freshwater fishes, few have specifically addressed the role of habitat structure in partitioning genetic variance within and among populations. in this study, we analysed the variability of six microsatellite loci among 24 brook charr population samples in order to correlate hydrographic structure with genetic organization. these populations originated from three canadian national parks (kouchibouguac, fundy and forillon) that showed disti ... | 2000 | 10886659 |
| four species of digeneans, including allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae), from freshwater fishes of patagonia, argentina. | four species of adult digeneans are reported from freshwater fishes of two lakes in neuquén, patagonia, argentina. allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of percichthys colhuapiensis macdonagh and percichthys trucha (cuvier et valenciennes) (percichthyidae) from lago aluminé. three species redescribed are: acanthostomoides apophalliformis szidat, 1956 (acanthostomidae) from the intestine of p. colhuapiensis and p. trucha from lago aluminé and of salmo tr ... | 2000 | 10945735 |
| similarity of vasorelaxant effects of natriuretic peptides in isolated blood vessels of salmonids. | natriuretic peptides (nps) have been implicated in cardiovascular regulation in rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss), and it has been observed that the vasorelaxant activity of distinct trout and human nps is similar in isolated trout arteries. this study characterizes the response of a variety of vessels from rainbow trout and other salmonids to different nps. the effects of heterologous (rat atrial and human atrial) and homologous (rainbow trout atrial and rainbow trout ventricular) nps were exa ... | 2000 | 11009403 |
| are chemical alarm cues conserved within salmonid fishes? | a wide diversity of fishes possess chemical alarm signalling systems. however, it is not known whether the specific chemicals that act as alarm signals are conserved within most taxonomic groups. in this study we tested whether cross-species responses to chemical alarm signals occurred within salmonid fishes. in separate laboratory experiments, we exposed brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to chemical alarm signals from each o ... | 2001 | 11521402 |
| the rise and fall of isolation by distance in the anadromous brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis mitchill). | geographic patterns of genetic diversity depend on a species' demographic properties in a given habitat, which may change over time. the rates at which patterns of diversity respond to changes in demographic properties and approach equilibrium are therefore pivotal in our understanding of spatial patterns of diversity. the brook charr salvelinus fontinalis is a coastal fish exhibiting limited marine movements, such that a stable one-dimensional isolation-by-distance (ibd) pattern should be obser ... | 2003 | 12663537 |
| component population study of acanthocephalus tumescens (acanthocephala) in fishes from lake moreno, argentina. | seasonal samples of all fish species from lake moreno were taken in order to determine the presence of paratenia, to evaluate the status of the hosts and to characterise the transmission of acanthocephalus tumescens (von linstow, 1896) at the component population level. prevalence, mean abundance, mean intensity, numbers of gravid females, relative abundance of the different fish species, relative output of eggs and relative flow rates for each host species were computed. acanthocephalus tumesce ... | 2003 | 12735727 |
| host specificity and geographical distribution of eubothrium in european salmonid fish. | the host specificity and distribution of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) and eubothrium salvelini (schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in europe. eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera salmo, i.e. salmon (s. salar - both freshwater and marine), sea trout (s ... | 2003 | 12895285 |
| polybromodiphenyl ether flame retardants in fish from lakes in european high mountains and greenland. | individual polybromodiphenyl ethers (pbdes) were investigated in liver and muscle tissue of trout from 11 high mountain lakes in europe and one in greenland. trouts in these lakes [brown trout (salmo trutta), brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and arctic char (salvelinus alpinus)] are important sentinel species because they are located in the top of the food chain and pollution can only reach these ecosystems by atmospheric transport. the major pbde congeners were bde 47 and bde 99, followed by ... | 2004 | 15116838 |
| morphological characterization and notes on the life cycle of a newly discovered variant of loma salmonae (putz, hoffman & dunbar) from a natural infection of chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha (walbaum). | two variants of loma salmonae occur in net-pen reared chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha. the typical variant (oa) has a host specificity for salmonids of the genus oncorhynchus whereas the atypical variant (sv) has a host specificity for brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, and in this study, the ultrastructure of the two are compared. in fish at 8 weeks post-exposure xenomas of the sv variant have a very high proportion of mature spores compared with other developmental stages, while in x ... | 2004 | 15482426 |
| fish host-cestode parasite stable isotope enrichment patterns in marine, estuarine and freshwater fishes from northern canada. | cestode parasites from freshwater (threespine stickleback, gasterosteus aculeatus), estuarine (brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis) and marine (greenland cod, gadus ogac) fish from northern quebec, canada, were used to investigate the hypotheses that cestode parasites are (13)c and (15)n enriched relative to host food sources, but (15)n depleted with respect to host muscle tissue as a result of differential enrichment during the assimilation of common nutrient sources. cestode parasites and fish ... | 2004 | 15621744 |
| a comparison of the toxicity of synergized and technical formulations of permethrin, sumithrin, and resmethrin to trout. | synthetic pyrethroids often have synergists added to improve effectiveness, yet decisions regarding the use of these pesticides are often based upon toxicity tests using technical material without the synergist, piperonyl butoxide. we conducted toxicity tests with brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (salmo trutta) to compare the toxicity of synergized and technical formulations of permethrin, sumithrin, and resmethrin. we found a significant increase in toxicity in the synergized ... | 2005 | 15696349 |
| the life cycle of henneguya nuesslini schuberg & schroder, 1905 (myxozoa) involves a triactinomyxon-type actinospore. | the life cycle of the histozoic myxozoan parasite henneguya nuesslini was investigated in two salmonid host species. naive brown trout, salmo trutta, and brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, were experimentally infected in two trials by triactinomyxon type actinospores from naturally infected tubifex tubifex. in exposed common carp, cyprinus carpio, no myxospore production was detected. the parasite formed cysts with mature myxospores in the connective tissue of the fish 102 days post-exposure. t ... | 2005 | 15705152 |
| toxicological effects and reproductive impairments in female perch (perca fluviatilis) exposed to leachate from swedish refuse dumps. | we have previously found that leachate from a swedish refuse dump caused toxicological effects, including endocrine disruption and reproductive failures, in feral female perch (perca fluviatilis) from molnbyggen and in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) from vadbäcken. this raised concerns that leachate-induced toxicity might affect fish in other leachate-contaminated lakes. this study looks at female perch from three different regions in sweden, focusing on toxicological biomarkers (skin lesio ... | 2005 | 16154650 |
| modulation of juvenile brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) cellular immune system after aeromonas salmonicida challenge. | in fish, the first line of defence against infectious microorganisms is based on non-specific cellular immune mechanisms (innate immunity). in this study, we measured the non-specific immune parameters (natural cytotoxic cells (ncc) activity, lymphoproliferation, percentage of phagocytosis and phagocytic activity) in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) infected by a virulent strain of aeromonas salmonicida. eight days post-infection, the mortality of infected fish reached 70%. a transient immuno ... | 2006 | 16263179 |
| differences in metabolic response to loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis. | routine and post-exercise metabolic rates were measured for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis infected with the microsporidium gill parasite loma salmonae under laboratory conditions. rainbow trout increased routine and post-exercise metabolic rate in response to infection compared with controls. brook trout, on the other hand, lowered routine metabolic rate without effecting post-exercise metabolic rate compared to controls. the result of these 2 d ... | 2005 | 16408839 |
| effects of introduced salmonids on a montane population of iberian frogs. | amphibians are declining worldwide because of multiple factors, including human-mediated introduction of fishes into naturally fishless areas. although several studies have focused on the effect of exotic fishes on native amphibians breeding in ponds or lakes, little is known about their effects on stream-breeding species. we studied the effects of introductions of native brown trout (salmo trutta) and exotic brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) on the stream-breeding, endemic iberian frog (rana ... | 2006 | 16909671 |
| parasites of juvenile brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) from hunt creek, michigan. | four parasite species (crepidostomum cooperi, cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, acanthocephalus dirus, salmincola edwardsii) infected 215 juvenile brook trout (105 young-of-year; 110, 1-yr-old) from hunt creek, michigan, in 2003, 2004, and 2005. prevalences of these species in 2004 (main study year) varied from 29 to 37%. crepidostomnum cooperi had the highest mean intensity and mean abundance, followed by c. ephemeridarum. the number of fish infected with each parasite species was significantly hi ... | 2007 | 17539413 |
| factors associated with the incidence of bacterial gill disease in salmonid lots reared in ontario, canada government hatcheries. | bacterial gill disease (bgd) (causative agent: flavobacterium branchiophilum) has been a persistent problem in early-rearing salmonids in the ontario ministry of natural resources (omnr) fish hatchery system. retrospective epidemiological investigations of bgd diagnoses and treatments in omnr fish hatcheries during the period 1991-2001 were conducted using university of guelph fish health laboratory and omnr central office data. all investigations were conducted at the lot-level, which is the ma ... | 2008 | 17945368 |
| escaping flatland: three-dimensional kinematics and hydrodynamics of median fins in fishes. | fish swimming has often been simplified into the motions of a two-dimensional slice through the horizontal midline, as though fishes live in a flat world devoid of a third dimension. while fish bodies do undulate primarily horizontally, this motion has important three-dimensional components, and fish fins can move in a complex three-dimensional manner. recent results suggest that an understanding of the three-dimensional body shape and fin motions is vital for explaining the mechanics of swimmin ... | 2008 | 18165246 |
| selenium and mercury in native and introduced fish species of patagonian lakes, argentina. | a survey of mercury (hg) and selenium (se) contents was performed in fish collected from lakes located in two national parks of the northern patagonian andean range. two native species, catfish (diplomystes viedmensis) and creole perch (percichthys trucha), and three introduced species, brown trout (salmo trutta), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), were caught from lakes nahuel huapi, moreno, traful, espejo chico, and guillelmo belonging to nahuel huapi ... | 2008 | 18214390 |
| use of site occupancy models to estimate prevalence of myxobolus cerebralis infection in trout. | empirical estimates of pathogen prevalence in samples of fish may underestimate true prevalence because available detection techniques are incapable of perfect detection. trout of several species were collected from enzootic (myxobolus cerebralis, causative agent in whirling disease) habitats, and individual fish were examined for presence of the parasite two or six times by one of four methods: pepsin-trypsin digest (brown trout salmo trutta), plankton centrifuge (brown trout), polymerase chain ... | 2007 | 18236627 |
| do native brown trout and non-native brook trout interact reproductively? | reproductive interactions between native and non-native species of fish have received little attention compared to other types of interactions such as predation or competition for food and habitat. we studied the reproductive interactions between non-native brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and native brown trout (salmo trutta) in a pyrenees mountain stream (sw france). we found evidence of significant interspecific interactions owing to consistent spatial and temporal overlap in redd localiza ... | 2008 | 18338149 |
| identification of mhc class iibeta resistance/susceptibility alleles to aeromonas salmonicida in brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis). | pathogen-driven selection is believed to be important in the evolution and maintenance of the polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes but have been tested for very few vertebrates. in this study, we first investigate by sscp (single strand conformational polymorphism) the diversity found at the mhc class iibeta gene in a population of brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis) from the rupert river (québec, canada). secondly, to explore the survival performances conferred by sp ... | 2008 | 18455800 |
| fate of maternal mtdna following 60co inactivation of maternal nuclear dna in unfertilized salmonid eggs. | the effects of gamma irradiation on nuclear dna and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) were examined by exposing unfertilized salmonid eggs to a 60co source. brown trout (salmo trutta) eggs exposed to 60co were fertilized with sperm from brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), and brook trout eggs exposed to 60co were fertilized with sperm from splake males (s. namaycush x s. fontinalis). in both types of matings only paternal allozymes were found in embryos, confirming the inactivation of the nuclear genom ... | 1993 | 18470019 |
| transmission of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) to fredericella sultana (bryozoa: phylactolaemata) by various fish species. | tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan parasite of salmonids and freshwater bryozoans, which causes proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in the fish host. to test which fish species are able to transmit t. bryosalmonae to bryozoans, an infection experiment was conducted with 5 pkd-sensitive fish species from different genera. rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta, brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, grayling thymallus thymallus and northern pike esox lucius were cohabitat ... | 2008 | 18500029 |
| does the introduced brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) affect growth of the native brown trout (salmo trutta)? | non-native brook trout have become widely established in north european streams. we combined evidence from an artificial-stream experiment and drainage-scale field surveys to examine whether brook trout suppressed the growth of the native brown trout (age 0 to age 2). our experimental results demonstrated that brown trout were unaffected by the presence of brook trout but that brook trout showed reduced growth in the presence of brown trout. however, the growth reduction only appeared in the exp ... | 2009 | 19050841 |
| the salmonid cathelicidins: a gene family with highly varied c-terminal antimicrobial domains. | the cathelicidin family of host defence peptides is regarded as an important component of the host innate immune system. its members have been found in mammals, birds, primitive vertebrate atlantic hagfish and, most recently, also in ray-finned fish such as rainbow trout and atlantic salmon. by using genomic pcr amplifications and rt-pcr tissue analyses we have here investigated and characterized the cathelicidin gene family in three salmonids: brown trout (salmo trutta fario), brook trout (salv ... | 2009 | 19168146 |
| seasonal variations in testicular connexin levels and their regulation in the brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis. | spermatogenesis requires coordinated intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions. gap junctions are composed of connexons that are themselves composed of connexins (cxs). the present objective was to determine the regulation of testicular cxs in a seasonal breeder, the brook trout. to assess seasonal variations in testicular cxs, trout were sampled monthly throughout spermatogenesis (june-november). circulating levels of testosterone (t) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) as well as mrna ... | 2009 | 19348806 |
| identification of a multidrug efflux pump in flavobacterium johnsoniae. | in this study, the mechanism conferring multiple drug resistance in several strains of flavobacteria isolated from the ovarian fluids of hatchery reared 3-year old brook trout salvelinus fontinalis was investigated. metabolic fingerprinting and 16s rrna gene sequences identified the isolates as flavobacterium johnsoniae. the isolates exhibited multiple resistances to a wide range of antimicrobial classes including penicillin, cephem, monobactam, aminoglycoside, and phenicol. although plasmids an ... | 2009 | 19558960 |
| rearing unit-level factors associated with bacterial gill disease treatment in two ontario, canada government salmonid hatcheries. | early-rearing salmonids in ontario ministry of natural resources (omnr) fish hatcheries have been consistently affected by bacterial gill disease (bgd) (causative agent: flavobacterium branchiophilum) for many years. separate retrospective epidemiological investigations of bgd treatments at two omnr fish hatcheries (hatcheries a and b) for the 1999 production year were conducted using on-site hatchery records. both investigations were carried out at the rearing unit-level, with early-rearing (<9 ... | 2009 | 19560833 |
| further observations and experiments on the so-called thyroid carcinoma of the brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and its relation to endemic goitre. | in a series of observations upon the thyroids of brook trout, extending from the time of hatching to fish of four or more years old, we have been able to follow step by step the development of thyroid hyperplasia. in these hatchery trout, thyroid overgrowth may be recognized anatomically at the end of the second month of extra-oval life. under the conditions in which these fish live, the thyroid overgrowth progressively increases, at first filling the aortic space and then invading the surroundi ... | 1911 | 19867427 |
| the placement of gyrodactylus salmonis (yin & sproston) in the molecular phylogeny of studied members of the gyrodactylus wageneri-group parasitizing salmonids. | the molecular phylogeny of gyrodactylus salmonis from brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, cutthroat trout, o. clarkii, and atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in canada is presented using sequences from its-rdna and the mitochondrial cox 1 gene. sequence variation among g. salmonis specimens from the different north american hosts was consistent with within-species variation reported for other gyrodactylus. sequence data are compared to those from other members of t ... | 2010 | 20367738 |
| cellular and molecular evidence for a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the ovulatory mechanism of trout. | the relevance of immune-endocrine interactions to the regulation of ovarian function in teleosts is virtually unexplored. as part of the innate immune response during infection, a number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) and other immune factors, are produced and act on the reproductive system. however, tnf alpha is also an important physiological player in the ovulatory process in mammals. in the present study, we have examined for the first time the effects of tnf al ... | 2010 | 20385004 |
| low genetic variation in the salmon and trout parasite loma salmonae (microsporidia) supports marine transmission and clarifies species boundaries. | loma salmonae is a microsporidian parasite prevalent in wild and farmed salmon species of the genus oncorhynchus. this study compared ribosomal rna (rdna) and elongation factor-1 alpha (ef-1alpha) gene sequences to look for variation that may provide a basis for distinguishing populations. specimens were collected from laboratory, captive (sea netpen farm and freshwater hatchery) and wild populations of fish. the host range included rainbow trout o. mykiss, pacific salmon oncorhynchus spp. and b ... | 2010 | 20853740 |
| flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change. | broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. we use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western united states (1.01 million km(2)), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9 ... | 2011 | 21844354 |
| local patchiness of gyrodactylus colemanensis and g. salmonis parasitizing salmonids in the south river watershed, nova scotia, canada. | prevalence and intensity of gyrodactylus colemanensis and g. salmonis (monogenea) parasitizing juvenile/adult brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta, and atlantic salmon salmo salar at 3 localities over an 8 km stretch in the south river, nova scotia, canada, were calculated 4 times over a 9 mo period (october 2009, december 2009, march 2010, june 2010). g. colemanensis was on all 4 salmonids (endemic and non-endemic), while g. salmonis par ... | 2011 | 22013753 |
| Antagonistic effect of indigenous skin bacteria of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) against Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum. | Industrial fish production exposes fish to potentially stressful conditions, which in turn may induce infections by opportunistic pathogens. Probiotics appear to be a promising way to prevent opportunistic infections in aquaculture. In this study, we tested the inhibitory potential of endogenous bacterial communities found in the mucus of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) against two major pathogens Flavobacterium columnare and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Nine bacterial strains were isolated ... | 2011 | 21958747 |
| genetic variation for tolerance to acidic water in salmonids. | water ph is an important factor affecting the general water quality as well as quality traits in fishes, and the magnitude of the effect varies among species. the massive and negative effect of acidification of rivers and lakes became evident during the 1960s and 1970s and caused the depletion of fish stocks in several countries in the northern hemisphere. significant variation in tolerance to acidic water has been documented among salmonid species, and large genetic variation has been identifie ... | 2011 | 22220886 |
| stocking impacts the expression of candidate genes and physiological condition in introgressed brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis) populations. | translocation of plants and animal populations between environments is one of the major forms of anthropogenic perturbation experienced by pristine populations, and consequently, human-mediated hybridization by stocking practices between wild and exogenous conspecifics is of increasing concern. in this study, we compared the expression of seven candidate genes involved in multifactorial traits and regulatory pathways for growth as a function of level of introgressive hybridization between wild a ... | 2012 | 23467764 |
| the in vivo effect of low body temperatures on the degree of polymerization of tubulin in brain and testes: a comparison among some species of vertebrates. | the tubulin of both brain and testes of the amphibian bufo spinulosus, leptodactylus ocellatus and odontophrynus occidentalis and of the fish salvelinus fontinalis were partially depolymerized when the animals were maintained on ice for 90 min. recovery of the animals at room temperature restored the normal degree of polymerization in both organs. the cerebral tubulin of the saurian phymatura palluma and of the mammalian myotis chiloensis instead, were not depolymerized in these conditions. the ... | 2002 | 2869871 |
| hypoosmoregulation in an anadromous teleost: influence of sex and maturation. | salinity tolerance and hypoosmoregulatory ability of anadromous brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) were investigated in relation to sex and state of maturation. seawater survival of mature males was significantly poorer than that of females or immature males. lowered salinity tolerance of adult males became acute during the autumn photoperiod (normal spawning period) when the gonadosomatic index was high. plasma [cl-], [mg2+], osmolarity and hematocrit were significantly higher in mature males ... | 2011 | 3998678 |
| linkage relationships reflecting ancestral tetraploidy in salmonid fish. | fifteen classical linkage groups were identified in two salmonid species (salmo trutta and salmo gairdneri) and three fertile, interspecific hybrids (s. gairdneri x salmo clarki, salvelinus fontinalis x salvelinus namaycush and s. fontinalis x salvelinus alpinus) by backcrossing multiply heterozygous individuals. these linkage relationships of electrophoretically detected, protein coding loci were highly conserved among species. the loci encoding the enzymes appeared to be randomly distributed a ... | 2013 | 3623080 |
| scanning electron microscopy of four teleostean retinas. | the morphology of the retinas of the goldeye hiodon alosoides (fam. hiodontidae), the brook trout salvelinus fontinalis (fam. salmonidae), the yellow perch perca flavescens and the walleye stizostedion vitreum (fam. percidae) was studied by sem. semi-thin plastic sections of the same retinas were also examined for comparison. contrary to observation of earlier authors the goldeye retina was found to possess both rods and cones; in the case of the other three fishes' retinas, present observations ... | 1994 | 1025623 |
| inter individual variations of the fish skin microbiota: host genetics basis of mutualism? | the commensal microbiota of fish skin is suspected to provide a protection against opportunist infections. the skin of fish harbors a complex and diverse microbiota that closely interacts with the surrounding water microbial communities. up to now there is no clear evidence as to whether the host regulates the recruitment of environmental bacteria to build a specific skin microbiota. to address this question, we detected quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with the abundance of specific ski ... | 2014 | 25068850 |
| network analysis highlights complex interactions between pathogen, host and commensal microbiota. | interactions between bacteria and their host represent a full continuum from pathogenicity to mutualism. from an evolutionary perspective, host-bacteria relationships are no longer considered a two-component system but rather a complex network. in this study, we focused on the relationship between brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis) and bacterial communities developing on skin mucus. we hypothesized that stressful conditions such as those occurring in aquaculture production induce shifts in the ... | 2013 | 24376845 |
| polyphasic characterization of aeromonas salmonicida isolates recovered from salmonid and non-salmonid fish. | michigan's fisheries rely primarily upon the hatchery propagation of salmonid fish for release in public waters. one limitation on the success of these efforts is the presence of bacterial pathogens, including aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of a. salmonicida in michigan fish, as well as to determine whether biochemical or gene sequence variability exists among michigan isolates. a total of 2202 wild, feral and hat ... | 2013 | 23444966 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid broodstock and hatchery-propagated stocks of the great lakes basin. | bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum, threatens wild and propagated salmonids worldwide and leads to substantial economic losses. in addition to being horizontally transmitted, f. psychrophilum can be passed from infected parents to their progeny, furthering the negative impacts of this pathogen. in michigan, both feral and captive salmonid broodstocks are the gamete sources used in fishery propagation efforts. a 5-year study was initiated to follow the prev ... | 2015 | 26636411 |
| probiotic treatment by indigenous bacteria decreases mortality without disturbing the natural microbiota of salvelinus fontinalis. | next-generation sequencing is revealing the complex interactive networks of host-bacteria interactions, as it is now possible to screen in detail the microbiota harbored by a host. this study investigated the influence of a probiotic treatment on the survival and microbiota of brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis), focusing on its disturbance of the natural microbiota (dysbiosis). the results indicated that an indigenous probiotic strain (identified as rhodococcus sp.) colonized neither the fish s ... | 2013 | 24102219 |
| infections with gyrodactylus spp. (monogenea) in romanian fish farms: gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 extends its range. | the salmon parasite gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 has caused high mortalities in many atlantic salmon, salmo salar, populations, mainly in norway. the parasite is also present in several countries across mainland europe, principally on rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, where infections do not seem to result in mortalities. there are still european countries where there are potential salmonid hosts for g. salaris but where the occurrence of g. salaris is unknown, mainly due to lack of inv ... | 2016 | 27515781 |
| determination of the complete genome sequence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) ch20101008 and viral molecular evolution in china. | this study determined the complete genomic sequence of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) strain ch20101008 isolated from farmed brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) that died from a disease caused by the virus in northeast china. the sequence was determined from 10 overlapping clones obtained through rt-pcr amplification. the whole genome length of ch20101008 comprised 11,129 nucleotides (nt), and the overall organization was typical of that observed for all other ihnv strains. t ... | 2014 | 25172153 |
| investigation of mucus obtained from different fish species on the acute pain induced with scalpel incision in paw of rats. | no comparative study could be found for the analgesic activity of mucuses from the oncorhynchus mykiss (om), salvelinus fontinalis (sf), salmo coruhensis (sc), acipenser gueldenstaedtii (ag), and acipenser baerii (ab) fish species in the literature. we aimed to investigate the effects of mucuses obtained from the abovementioned fish species on scalpel incision-induced pain in the rat paw and to examine the role of oxidant/antioxidant parameters and cox-2 gene expression in the analgesic activiti ... | 2016 | 26490740 |
| not only students can express alcohol dehydrogenase: goldfish can too! | this article describes a novel approach to study the metabolic regulation of the respiratory system in vertebrates that suits physiology lessons for undergraduate students. it consists of an experimental demonstration of the goldfish's (carassius auratus) adaptations to anoxia. the goldfish is one of the few vertebrates showing strong enzymatic plasticity for the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), which allows it to survive long periods of severe anoxia. therefore, we propose two simple ... | 2010 | 21098391 |
| effects of a phytosterol mixture on male fish plasma lipoprotein fractions and testis p450scc activity. | plant sterols (phytosterols) have been identified as one potential source of reproductive effects in fish living downstream of pulp mills. beta-sitosterol, the predominant plant sterol in pulp mill effluent, has previously been shown to decrease plasma sex steroid and cholesterol levels and in vitro gonadal steroid production in fish. in this study, male brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to a phytosterol mixture (72% beta-sitosterol) via silastic i ... | 2003 | 12568795 |