| [sodium reabsorption and the membrane systems of vertebrate kidneys]. | sodium reabsorption is low in coldblooded animals (the lamprey lampetra fluviatilis, red salmon oncorhynchus nerka, carp cyprinus carpio, frog rana temporaria, tortoise agryonemis horsfieldi) being much higher in warmblooded ones (chicken, pigeon, rat). high level of na transport in warmblooded animals is paralleled by high activity of succinate dehydrogenase as compared with the activity of na,k-atpase. the content of monoenoic fatty acids in the glycerophosphatides from frog and tortoise kidne ... | 1975 | 125513 |
| the relationship of the olfactory eeg evoked by naturally-occurring stream waters to the homing behavior of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka, walbaum). | | 1975 | 241547 |
| sex chromosomes in the sockeye salmon: a y-autosome fusion. | chromosomes of 21 sockeye salmon [oncorhynchus nerka (walbaum)] from three locations in washington state were examined. all males had 57 chromosomes, while all females had 58 chromosomes. both sexes had 104 chromosome arms. it appears that in males of this species the y chromosome and an autosome have fused to form a metacentric chromosome. | 1978 | 570442 |
| atomic absorption spectrometric and colorimetric determination of iron in seafoods. | iron levels in 14 seafoods were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (aas) on freeze-dried composites. samples were prepared for analysis after dry-ashing at 550 degrees c and wet digestion in hno3-hclo4. paired analysis of wet digests were accomplished by aas and use of the colorimetric reagent, ferrozine. there was no significant difference in iron levels of seafoods due to sample preparation. while individual species levels were not significantly different between the aas and colorime ... | 1978 | 649563 |
| tryptophan and threonine requirements of fingerling channel catfish. | growth studies, utilizing a 24% crude protein diet containing an amino acid pattern similar to whole egg protein, indicate that the tryptophan requirement for fingerling channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is about 0.12% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 0.5% of the dietary protein. similar studies indicate that the threonine requirement for the same fish is about 0.53% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 2.21% of the dietary protein. the dietary requirement of threonine was confirmed by serum f ... | 1978 | 702201 |
| glochidiosis of salmonid fishes. i. comparative susceptibility to experimental infection with margaritifera margaritifera (l.) (pelecypoda: margaritanidae). | this is the first report on the susceptibility of salmonid fishes to infection with the glochidia of the freshwater mussel margaritifera margaritifera using known numbers of parasites under controlled conditions. the relative susceptibility of six species of salmonid fish, 20 to 80 mm in total length, to glochidiosis was determined by exposing fish individually to different numbers of parasites and plotting mortalities against these exposure levels at 70 days postexposure and also against the nu ... | 1977 | 886411 |
| use of protein containing magnetic microparticles in radioassays. | we describe a radioassay method that involves the use of magnetic protein microparticles composed of a water-insoluble protein matrix containing magnetically responsive material. we define two different types of particles according to the mechanism of action: (a) the substrate is sorbed nonspecifically by the protein matrix of the particle or by a second substance such as charcoal or ion-exchange resin incorporated within the protein matrix of the particle. these particles are useful for separat ... | 1977 | 912873 |
| effect of teleost pituitary growth hormone on growth of tilapia mossambica and on growth and seawater adaptation of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1977 | 924115 |
| changes in plasma calcitonin and calcium during the migration of salmon. | the levels of immunoassayable calcitonin and of calcium were measured in the preblood of sockeye salmon during their migration from sea water to fresh water to spawn. plasma calcitonin was higher in the females than in the males during all stages of migration as was plasma calcium except during spawning. in both sexes calcium decreased progressively throughout migration. in the male, calcitonin decreased as the fish arrived in fresh water but increased again at the spawning. these observations ... | 1975 | 1109904 |
| the effect of growth hormone and prolactin on the mobilization of free fatty acids and glucose in the kokanee salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | | 1975 | 1116346 |
| membrane structures of red salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) nephron cells during magnesium secretion. | | 1975 | 1157877 |
| proton transport and na+/h+ exchange in vesicles isolated from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) kidneys during migration from salt to fresh water. | renal epithelial function, proton flux and sodium stimulated proton flux, was observed in vesicles isolated from the brush border of the proximal tubule of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) during migration. brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) were isolated from the body kidney of sockeye salmon using aggregation/differential centrifugation techniques. vesicle purity was tested using a series of epithelial and basal lateral markers including alkaline phosphatase, maltase, gamma-glutamyl tran ... | 1992 | 1321604 |
| chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stanniocalcin inhibits in vitro intestinal calcium uptake in atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stanniocalcin was purified, partially identified and tested for bioactivity in an assay on the intestinal calcium uptake in a marine teleost (gadus morhua). basic ethanol extraction, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of a homogeneous glycoprotein that appears as a 46-kda product under nonreducing conditions and as a 23-kda product under reducing conditions after sodium dod ... | 1992 | 1430418 |
| isolation of sockeye salmon growth hormone utilizing serum triiodothyronine enhancement in rainbow trout to monitor biological activity. | growth hormone (gh) was isolated from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) pituitary glands using established techniques of affinity and gel filtration chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the gh activity was followed throughout the fractionation procedure with a bioassay based on the increase of serum triiodothyronine (t3) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), measured by radioimmunoassay (ria). amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and subsequent compariso ... | 1991 | 1808018 |
| seasonal changes in seawater adaptability and plasma levels of prolactin and growth hormone in landlocked sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) and amago salmon (o. rhodurus). | in order to clarify the roles of prolactin (prl) and growth hormone (gh) in the development of seawater adaptability in salmonids, seasonal changes in salinity tolerance, plasma prl, and plasma gh were examined in juvenile landlocked sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) and amago salmon (o. rhodurus). assessed by the 24-hr seawater-challenge test, the landlocked sockeye salmon possessed seawater adaptability as underyearlings in spring, which was maintained throughout the year, and a further incr ... | 1991 | 1874386 |
| stimulation of in vitro ovarian estradiol-17 beta synthesis in the rainbow trout by the carbohydrate-poor protein fraction from sockeye salmon pituitary glands. | the role of carbohydrate-poor (con a i) and carbohydrate-rich (con a ii) pituitary protein fractions, isolated from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), were investigated pertaining to in vitro estradiol-17 beta (e2) production by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovarian follicles. during the early vitellogenic phase of the reproductive cycle, using defolliculated ovarian follicle preparations (outer epithelium-thecal layer absent), it was demonstrated that the con a i fraction was capable of ... | 1991 | 1911440 |
| distribution of fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain, retina and nervus terminalis of the sockeye salmon parr, oncorhynchus nerka. | neurons displaying fmrfamide(phe - met - arg - phe - nh2)-like immunoreactivity have recently been implicated in neural plasticity in salmon. we now extend these findings by describing the extent of the fmrf-like immunoreactive (fmrf-ir) system in the brain, retina and olfactory system of sockeye salmon parr using the indirect peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. fmrf-ir perikarya were found in the periventricular hypothalamus, mesencephalic laminar nucleus, nucleus nervi terminalis and retina ... | 1990 | 1978800 |
| new tandem-repeating peptide structures in polysialoglycoproteins from the unfertilized eggs of kokanee salmon. | new polysialoglycoproteins, designated psgp(on), were isolated from the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of the kokanee salmon, oncorhynchus nerka adonis. the polysialylglycan chains consisting of alpha-2,8-linked o-acetylated poly(n-glycolylneuraminyl) chains have recently been characterized. we have now determined the complete amino acid sequence of the tandem-repeating units of psgp(on) from the unfertilized eggs of kokanee salmon and found that the following two distinct forms are present in ... | 1990 | 2241168 |
| a new sialic acid analogue, 9-o-acetyl-deaminated neuraminic acid, and alpha -2,8-linked o-acetylated poly(n-glycolylneuraminyl) chains in a novel polysialoglycoprotein from salmon eggs. | a new polysialoglycoprotein, designated psgp(on), was isolated from the unfertilized eggs of the kokanee salmon, oncorhynchus nerka adonis. 400-mhz 1h nmr analyses showed the o. nerka adonis psgp contained alpha -2,8-linked oligo- and polysialic acid (polysia) chains that were made up of 4-o-ac-, 7-o-ac-, and 9-o-ac esters of n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neu5gc) residues. the presence of a new sialic acid derivative, identified by 1h nmr as 9-o-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nononic aci ... | 1990 | 2303418 |
| comparative studies of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity within salmon fish erythrocytes. | 1. superoxide dismutase isolated from erythrocytes of several species of salmon and the rainbow trout exhibited single electrophoretic bands of activity which migrated anodally similar to the human erythrocyte enzyme; two discrete bands were observed for the coho salmon. 2. no polymorphism was observed for 30 samples from sockeye salmon and six samples from king salmon. only one sample of rainbow trout (one of 12) exhibited an electrophoretic mobility difference. 3. catalase migration on starch- ... | 1990 | 2331875 |
| partial amino acid sequences of several globin chains from the sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | 1. partial amino acid sequences for several sockeye salmon hemoglobin beta-chains have been determined and compared to several other fish beta-chain sequences. 2. a 90% homology exists between the sockeye cathodal (c1) beta-chain and the trout hb i beta-chain for residues 1-19. 3. the sockeye salmon anodal (a1-3) beta-chain is virtually identical to the trout hb iv beta-chain for the first 55 amino acid residues. 4. the alpha-chains of the sockeye salmon appear to be acetylated at the n-terminal ... | 1990 | 2364674 |
| experimental transmission of a plasmacytoid leukemia of chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha. | a plasmacytoid leukemia of chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, has recently been recognized in seawater netpens in british columbia, canada. the disease has occurred at several sites and has caused high mortality. plasmacytoid leukemia is characterized by a generalized invasion of visceral tissues and the orbit of the eye by plasmacytoid cells. the disease was experimentally transmitted to healthy chinook salmon by i.p. injection of kidney tissue homogenates, but transmission with a cell-f ... | 1990 | 2386969 |
| an hrp study of afferent connections of the supracommissural ventral telencephalon and the medial preoptic area in himé salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka). | the supracommissural ventral telencephalon and the medial preoptic area have been shown to play important roles in the sexual behavior of himé salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka). in the present study, the sites of neurons projecting to these regions were examined by means of the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (hrp) tracing method. the morphology of neurons in these sites of origin was also studied by means of the golgi method. the nucleus preopticus periventricularis and the r ... | 1985 | 2417660 |
| neuronal organization of the supracommissural ventral telencephalon and the nucleus preopticus periventricularis in the himé salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka): a golgi study. | the neuronal organization of the supracommissural ventral telencephalon (vs) and the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (npp) of the medial preoptic area (mpoa) in the himé salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka) was studied by means of the nissl staining and the rapid golgi methods. the vs was composed of many laterally-orienting spiny neurons and a few sparsely-spined polymorphous neurons. some of the laterally-orienting neurons extended their dendrites into the lateral forebrain ... | 1989 | 2471728 |
| distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of sockeye salmon fry. | the organization of the serotonergic cell groups in the brainstem of fishes and amphibians has received relatively little attention. it has been generally assumed that they are little differentiated and constitute a median cell column throughout the brainstem, and that laterally migrated serotonergic cell groups are largely lacking. in the present study we present evidence to the contrary. by the use of a sensitive immunocytochemical technique for the visualization of serotonin-immunoreactive (5 ... | 1989 | 2597359 |
| prevalence of larval anisakis simplex in pen-reared and wild-caught salmon (salmonidae) from puget sound, washington. | the abundance of parasites of public health significance in pen-reared salmon and wild-caught salmon was compared. two hundred eighty-seven salmon from puget sound, washington, were examined for third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex. of these fish, 237 atlantic salmon (salmo salar), coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (o. tshawytscha) were reared in commercial salmon pens and 50 sockeye salmon (o. nerka) were caught during their spawning migration. all wild-caught salmon were ... | 1989 | 2761015 |
| gonadotropin stimulation of k+ secretion and na+ absorption by brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) sperm duct epithelium. | the sperm duct epithelium from mature spermiating brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) was mounted in vitro to examine control of na+ absorptive and k+ secretory transport. na+ absorption (measured as the short-circuit current) and k+ secretion (measured using 86rb+ as tracer) were stimulated by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and cyclic amp while unstimulated tissues had no net ion transport. purified chum salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) con aii carbohydrate-rich gonadotropin produced a rapid, sustained ... | 1989 | 2767401 |
| an homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) vitellogenin, with general applicability to other pacific salmonids. | this paper describes an homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon vitellogenin that demonstrates parallel cross-reactivity for plasma vitellogenin of all pacific salmonids tested (chinook, chum, coho, pink, and sockeye salmon, and cutthroat and rainbow trout), but not for atlantic salmon or two nonsalmonids: common carp and sablefish. plasma vitellogenin levels were high in ovulatory female pacific salmonids (micrograms/ml to mg/ml range), but were mostly nondetectable in spermiating males of ... | 1989 | 2767411 |
| novel branched-chain fatty acids in certain fish oils. | methyl-branched fatty acids, which are usually minor components (equal or less than 0.1%) in fish oils, were concentrated in the non-urea-complexing fraction along with polyunsaturated fatty acids during the enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids from certain fish oils via the urea complexation process. the methyl-branched fatty acids in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates, which were prepared from three fish body oils, were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/m ... | 1989 | 2779367 |
| [the use of parasite indicators for the differentiation of sockeye salmon fry in lake azabach'e (kamchatka)]. | parasitological analysis of sockeye salmon fry from lake azabach'e has shown reliable differences in the infection between aboriginal and migratory in the lake fry with the nematode cystidicola farionis from the swim bladder, that is connected with differences in the nature of their feeding and ecology. it was found out that the infection of migratory fry occurs only in the lake during feeding and wintering periods, one-summer-old fry 35 to 57 mm in length being primarily infected. quantitative ... | 1989 | 2812857 |
| [a family of repetitive nucleotide sequences (sau 3a family) in the genome of 2 forms of the sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka]. | a family of dna sequences (sau3a repeat sequences) has been revealed in genomes of two forms of o. nerka. a dna fragment belonging to this "family" has been cloned in bacterial plasmid. its copy number (in genomes of normal (570 +/- 33) and dwarf (66 +/- 12) forms) has been counted. the structural organization of sequences of sau3a family in genomes of males and females of normal form is not the same. the organization of sau3a sequences is the same in genomes of dwarf males and dwarf females of ... | 1988 | 2839765 |
| the effects of low ph on egg and alevin survival of kokanee and sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | 1. the effects of low ph water on embryogenesis and vitellogenesis in kokanee and sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) were investigated. eggs were exposed to low ph from fertilization to 45 days post-median hatch or to an episodic exposure at ph 4.0. adult kokanee were also exposed to low ph just prior to ovulation and spawning. 2. the most sensitive stages of development during chronic or episodic exposure to low ph were early embryonic development and newly-hatched alevins. 3. incubation of eg ... | 1987 | 2888566 |
| adrenocorticotropin- and opiate-like hormones from pituitaries of the sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka. | the pituitaries of vitellogenic sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) were extracted with a mixture of acetone, water, and hydrochloric acid. the precipitate which formed upon the addition of a copious volume of acetone to the extract, designated acid acetone powder, was subjected to salt fractionation and desalting, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose. an unadsorbed fraction (s-1) and four adsorbed fractions (s-2, s-3, s-4 and s-5) were obtained. adrenocorticotropic activity w ... | 1987 | 3038149 |
| immunological studies on teleocalcin and salmon corpuscles of stannius. | this report describes the characterization of an antiserum to salmon teleocalcin, a glycoprotein hormone that has recently been isolated from sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, corpuscles of stannius (cs). immunodiffusion studies showed that teleocalcin was immunologically identical in four species of pacific salmon. histological staining of adjacent sections of sockeye salmon cs by periodic acid-schiff reagent and immunocytochemistry revealed that the teleocalcin-immunoreactive cells were also ... | 1988 | 3129279 |
| comparative biochemistry and physiology of teleocalcin from sockeye and coho salmon. | this is a comparative study of the glycoprotein hormone, teleocalcin, from the corpuscles of stannius of sockeye (oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (o. kisutch) salmon. coho teleocalcin was purified by the same procedures used previously to obtain sockeye teleocalcin and was obtained in a comparable yield. both salmon teleocalcins had the same molecular weight as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis and both appeared to have the structure of disulfide-linked oligomers. the two hormones ... | 1988 | 3197944 |
| ultrastructure, morphology and organization of biogenic magnetite from sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka: implications for magnetoreception. | although ferromagnetic material has been detected in the tissues of a variety of animals that are known or suspected to respond to magnetic fields, in only a few cases has the material been identified and its suitability for use in magnetoreception been determined. using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem), we have studied magnetic particles isolated from ethmoid tissue of the sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. low-magnification electron micrographs showed chains containing ... | 1988 | 3204335 |
| production of single-domain magnetite throughout life by sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | although single-domain particles of biogenic magnetite have been found in different species of pelagic fishes, nothing is known about when it is synthesized, or about whether the time during life when it is produced is correlated with the development of responses to magnetic field stimuli. we have investigated production of biogenic magnetite suitable for use in magnetoreception in different life stages of the sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka (walbaum). sockeye salmon were chosen because respo ... | 1988 | 3204338 |
| acquired and innate resistance to the haemoflagellate cryptobia salmositica in sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | juvenile sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka, fulton river stock) were protected from otherwise lethal challenges with the haemoflagellate cryptobia salmositica by acclimation to elevated water temperatures (20 degrees c). fish treated in this manner displayed increased immunity to c. salmositica and yielded plasma showing enhanced lytic activity against the parasite. the acquired lytic activity was antibody- and complement-mediated. in contrast, a stock of naive o. nerka from weaver creek, previ ... | 1988 | 3208959 |
| retinal projections in sockeye salmon smolts (oncorhynchus nerka). | the retinal projections in 2-year-old salmon smolt (oncorhynchus nerka) are significantly different from those observed in other teleosts examined to date in that the projections are more extensive. very noticeable are extensive projections to most of the dorsal thalamus, to all layers of the optic tectum, and into the periaqueductal gray of the torus semicircularis. the salmon smolt has bilateral retinal projections to the diencephalon and pretectum. a small retinal projection to the lateral ha ... | 1988 | 3378262 |
| commercial blast-freezing of third-stage anisakis simplex larvae encapsulated in salmon and rockfish. | sixty-four fish were blast-frozen to -35 c for 15 hr to determine the effects of commercial blast-freezing on the viability of third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex encapsulated in the muscle and viscera of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) and canary rockfish (sebastes pinniger). parallel tests were conducted on larval nematodes in 16 whole (round) salmon, 16 dressed salmon (heads and viscera removed), and 32 whole (round) rockfish. after blast-freezing, 4 in-the-round salmon, 4 dressed salm ... | 1988 | 3397820 |
| purification, characterization, and bioassay of teleocalcin, a glycoprotein from salmon corpuscles of stannius. | this report describes the isolation of teleocalcin, a glycoprotein hormone from the corpuscles of stannius (cs) of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), using affinity, gel exclusion, and ion exchange chromatography. in discontinuous, gradient (10-20%) sds gels under nonreducing conditions, teleocalcin had an estimated molecular weight of of 39,300 and migrated as a single band. two bands with estimated molecular weights of 28,000 and 32,000 were obtained upon reduction and carboxymethylation of ... | 1986 | 3557071 |
| maturational steroids and gonadotropin in upstream migratory sockeye salmon. | the circulating serum concentrations of various steroid hormones in mature sockeye salmon were measured at four different developmental stages in their upstream migration to spawn at adams river in british columbia, canada. in females, a high level of estradiol-17 beta was found in fish at the first location, and it persisted until immediately before reaching the spawning grounds, 485 km upstream, where it decreased to a minimal level. free testosterone was extremely high throughout the migratio ... | 1986 | 3781220 |
| ascending pathways from the spinal cord in the himé salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka). | the ascending pathways from the spinal cord of the himé salmon were anterogradely labelled by the cobaltic lysine method, and their courses and terminations were examined. following application of the cobaltic lysine to the cut end of the spinal cord or injection of the cobalt at the 10th to 15th spinal segment, labelled axons were traced from the spinal cord to various regions in the rhombencephalon and the mesencephalon. the axons ascending from the dorsal funiculus gave off many terminals as ... | 1986 | 3805349 |
| descending pathways to the spinal cord in the himé salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka). | distribution and morphology of the cells of origin of the descending spinal pathways and their axonal courses were studied in the himé salmon, using retrograde labelling with cobaltic lysine and horseradish peroxidase (hrp). following application of the tracers to the cut end of the spinal cord or injection of the tracers at the 10th to 15th spinal segment, neurons mainly labelled via the axons of passage were distributed in the mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon. mesencephalic cell groups co ... | 1986 | 3805356 |
| efferents from the supracommissural ventral telencephalon in the hime salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka): an anterograde degeneration study. | efferents from the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis (vs) of hime salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka) were studied using anterograde degeneration methods. it was found that vs sends intratelencephalic fibers bilaterally to the internal cell layer of the olfactory bulb and wide areas of telencephalon, while it sends extratelencephalic fibers bilaterally to habenulae, inferior lobes and midbrain tegmenti through medial and lateral forebrain bundles and lateral preo ... | 1985 | 3872701 |
| loss of virulence in a protease-deficient mutant of aeromonas salmonicida. | the importance of extracellular protease production by aeromonas salmonicida, the bacterial pathogen of fish furunculosis, was investigated with four virulent strains (which were autoagglutinative, hemagglutinative, resistant to fish serum, adhesive to fish tissue culture, protease positive, hemolysin positive, and leukocytolysin positive) and three avirulent strains (which were nonagglutinative, nonhemagglutinative, sensitive to serum, nonadhesive, protease positive, hemolysin positive, and leu ... | 1985 | 3884507 |
| methemoglobin reductase activity in fish erythrocytes. | nadh-methemoglobin reductase activity of erythrocytes from the coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch, sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, and the rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri exhibited a major band of activity that resembled the human enzyme in electrophoretic mobility. no polymorphism was found in 35 samples from rainbow trout, 4 samples from dolly varden, 29 samples from sockeye salmon, and 24 samples from coho salmon. all samples differed from the human enzyme in that they appeared to be membra ... | 1985 | 4085211 |
| ultrastructure of the pituitary gland (pars distalis) in sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) during gonad maturation. | | 1972 | 4115675 |
| circadian rhythm of plasma prolactin, growth hormone, glucose and free fatty acid in juvenile kokanee salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | | 1974 | 4156251 |
| suppression by dexamethasone of interrenal activity in adult sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1969 | 4306027 |
| immunohistochemical identification of pituitary hormone producing cells in the sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka, walbaum). | | 1971 | 4322492 |
| hepatomas induced by aflatoxin in the sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1972 | 4337915 |
| fine structure of the adenohypophysis in immature sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | | 1973 | 4353963 |
| electrical responses at various levels of the olfactory pathway in himé salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | | 1974 | 4436989 |
| properties of the sockeye salmon virus (oregon strain). | | 1969 | 4976283 |
| osmoregulatory capability in juvenile sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1971 | 5110607 |
| photoperiodic activity changes in juvenile sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1971 | 5113545 |
| the agglutinin response in sockeye salmon vaccinated intraperitoneally with a heat-killed preparation of the bacterium responsible for salmonid kidney disease. | | 1971 | 5120116 |
| liver arginase activity in the sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | | 1971 | 5133350 |
| the agglutinin response in sockeye salmon vaccinated intraperitoneally with a heat-killed preparation of the bacterium responsible for salmonid kidney disease. | | 1971 | 5163754 |
| columnaris exposure and antibody production in seaward and upstream migrant sockeye salmon. bnwl-714. | | 1968 | 5307121 |
| ultrastructure of the eta cells in the pituitary gland of adult migratory sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1969 | 5343382 |
| fatty acid composition of brain and body phospholipids of the anadromous salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, from fresh-water and marine habitat. | | 1969 | 5351973 |
| locomotor activity responses in juvenile sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, to melatonin and serotonin. | | 1970 | 5503039 |
| phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in sockeye salmon. | | 1970 | 5511559 |
| changes in the cortisol dynamics of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) resulting from sexual maturation. | | 1968 | 5726276 |
| tissue levels of chloramphenicol attained in sockeye (oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (o. kisutch) salmon by feeding. | | 1968 | 5757714 |
| the effect of androgens on the distribution and secretion of cortisol in gonadectomized male sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). | | 1969 | 5769933 |
| histology and histochemistry of the pineal organ in the sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka walbaum. | | 1967 | 6031518 |
| plasma cortisol concentration in relation to stress in adult sockeye salmon during the freshwater stages of their life cycle. | | 1967 | 6040052 |
| telencephalic and preoptic areas integrate sexual behavior in hime salmon (landlocked red salmon, oncorhynchus nerka): results of electrical brain stimulation experiments. | various patterns of sexual behavior were evoked in freely swimming hime salmon by electrical stimulation of specific loci in the telencephalon and the preoptic area (poa) using chronically implanted electrodes. furthermore, co-ordinated sexual behavior corresponding to stages of the natural spawning sequence was elicited from some of these brain regions. these results suggest that (1) sexual behavior is integrated in specific parts of the telencephalon and poa, and (2) within these regions there ... | 1984 | 6393162 |
| detection of infection and susceptibility of different pacific salmon stocks (oncorhynchus spp.) to the haemoflagellate cryptobia salmositica. | the haematocrit centrifugation technique, modified by keeping the haematocrit tubes cold (between 1 and 10 c), was sensitive for detecting light infections of cryptobia salmositica (as few as 75 flagellates per ml of blood). in wet mount preparations, infections lighter than 7.5 x 10(3) flagellates per ml of blood could not be detected consistently. different pacific salmon stocks from british columbia demonstrated differences in susceptibility to c. salmositica in experimental studies using lab ... | 1984 | 6470889 |
| appearance and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in female sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) during their spawning migration. | the incidence and amount of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) virus was determined in 10 organs and body fluids from each of 100 female sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) before, during, and after their spawning migration into freshwater. virus was found in high concentrations only in fish sampled during and after spawning. infection rates increased from nil to 100 percent within 2 weeks. in spawning fish, incidences of ihn virus were high in all organs and fluids except brain and serum, ... | 1984 | 6539105 |
| metabolic organization of liver during spawning migration of sockeye salmon. | although earlier studies have established broad outlines of biochemical changes during salmon spawning migration, the metabolic organization of specific organs has hitherto remained unknown. in this study, we assessed the performance of isolated liver cells from anorexic female sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) at four sampling sites along their 1,150-km spawning migration. isolated hepatocytes maintain high rates of gluconeogenesis and co2 release from amino acids and lactate throughout the m ... | 1983 | 6660327 |
| plasma levels on thyroid hormones in sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) decrease before spawning. | blood samples were taken from mature sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) at various stages in their upstream migration to spawn at adam's river in british columbia, canada. plasma t3 and t4 levels decreased significantly in both males and females between time of entry into fresh water and postspawning. | 1983 | 6667848 |
| [intrapopulational differences of genome structures in two structures of salmon-like fishes]. | the natural populations of salmon-like catadromous fishes usually include several percents of residual (dwarf) forms, which are 10-15 times smaller than normal forms. a comparative investigation of normal and residual forms in two species: oncorhynchus nerka and salvelinus malma (salmoniformes order) was made by means of dna molecular hybridization technique. the essential differences in reassociation kinetics was detected in dna from normal and residual forms of both species. the genome sizes ( ... | 1981 | 6789144 |
| [histones of salmonidae fishes. comparative study of histones from different species and intraspecies variability of oncorhynchus nerka h1]. | the comparative electrophoretic properties of erythrocyte histones from 7 salmonidae species were investigated. using na-sds gel electrophoresis, it was shown that all the species studied possess the erythrocyte-specific fraction of histone h5. high resolution gel electrophoresis in acetic acid--urea gels demonstrated differences in the subfractional composition of histone h1 from erythrocytes and liver of o. nerka. the analysis of the sample of 40 individuals from the same population revealed t ... | 1981 | 7236805 |
| stress response of juvenile sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) to the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | | 1981 | 7337862 |
| influence of nutritional status on the daily patterns of nitrogen excretion in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri r.). | nitrogen (ammonia and/or urea) excretion in carp and rainbow trout kept under different feeding regimes was continuously monitored over 24-hr cycles. the daily nitrogen excretion patterns resulting from these feeding regimes were studied over several days after a change from one made to another. constant levels of endogenous nitrogen excretion were reached about one week after the start of a fasting period; almost one week was needed for the daily nitrogen excretion pattern to stabilize after th ... | 1980 | 7349509 |
| [extraction of lithium ions from fresh water by lampetra fluviatilis lampreys and oncorhynchus nerka salmon in natural ecosystems]. | some theoretical criteria are discussed which allow, using the data on the dynamics of natural concentrations and the rate of excretion of elements (ions) in aquatic animals during prolonged starvation, to establish the presence or absence of direct uptake of these elements from water under natural conditions. during pre-spawning starvation of the lamprey lampetra fluviatilis and salmon oncorhynchus nerka, it was shown that they are capable to accumulate li+, similarly to na+, directly from the ... | 1980 | 7424295 |
| biogeographic implications of cytochrome b sequences and allozymes in sockeye (oncorhynchus nerka). | nucleotide sequence and restriction site analyses of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna revealed three relatively common haplotypes among sockeye salmon (n = 80) from eight populations representing four major drainages from kamchatka (russia), alaska, and british columbia. macrogeographic variation in mtdna was compared to that of three variable allozyme loci assayed for a much larger number of fish (n = 779). sockeye from the fraser river drainage of british columbia were distinct from ... | 1995 | 7751598 |
| the genetic diversity and epizootiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a rhabdovirus which causes a serious disease in salmonid fish. the t1 ribonuclease fingerprinting method was used to compare the rna genomes of 26 isolates of ihnv recovered from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), chinook salmon (o. tshawytscha), and steelhead trout (o. mykiss) throughout the enzootic portion of western north america. most of the isolates analyzed in this study were from a single year (1987) to limit time of isolation as a sour ... | 1995 | 7762287 |
| immunocytochemical study of the somatolactin cells in the pituitary of pacific salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, and o keta at some stages of the reproductive cycle. | cells of the intermediate lobe of salmonids, homologous to the pas-positive cells of other teleost species, cannot be differentiated by normal staining techniques, but can be immunostained with an antiserum against cod somatolactin (sl). immunocytochemical techniques were applied to pituitary sections of two pacific salmon, oncorhynchus nerka and o. keta. samples of immature or early maturing fish were collected in the pacific ocean and from mature spawning fish from hatcheries near seattle and ... | 1994 | 8138116 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification and functional characterization of sockeye salmon histone h3, metallothionein-b, and protamine promoters. | the histone h3 (h3), metallothionein-b (mt-b), protamine (pt) promoters of sockeye salmon were cloned by pcr using primers based on the dna sequences of the rainbow trout promoters. comparison of the dna sequences of the sockeye salmon and the rainbow trout histone h3, mt-b, and pt promoters revealed that their dna sequences and putative transcriptional cis-elements are remarkably conserved. promoter activity of the sockeye salmon h3, mt-b, and pt promoters were examined by transfection studies ... | 1993 | 8180631 |
| divergence of gene expression in neurohypophysial hormone precursors among salmonids. | salmonid fish have pairs of genes for various hypothalamic and pituitary hormones including neurohypophysial hormones, vasotocin, and isotocin, probably because they are tetraploid. the problem here is whether two genes for the same hormone are expressed equally or differently. we therefore examined expression patterns of vasotocin and isotocin genes in four salmonid species using northern blot analysis with chum salmon cdnas as hybridization probes. the presence of two vasotocin and also two is ... | 1993 | 8282177 |
| endocrine changes associated with spawning behavior in male kokanee salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) and the effects of anosmia. | this study examines the relationship between social status, behavioral activity, and hormone levels through the spawning cycle in male kokanee salmon (oncorhynchus nerka). shortly after arrival at the spawning grounds, male kokanee undergo dramatic changes in morphological and physiological condition: there is an increase in body depth, a bright silvery appearance is replaced by an intense red coloration, and spermiation commences. males become associated with nesting females which they defend a ... | 1993 | 8294117 |
| two salmon neuropeptides encoded by one brain cdna are structurally related to members of the glucagon superfamily. | a cdna that codes for two peptides in the glucagon superfamily has been isolated from sockeye salmon brain. the first peptide is related to growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh), which has high sequence similarity with pacap-related peptide. the second peptide is structurally related to vasoactive intestinal peptide, which is also related to a newly identified peptide in mannals, pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap). the salmon precursor contains 173 amino acids and has d ... | 1993 | 8344311 |
| in situ detection and distribution of stanniocalcin mrna in the corpuscles of stannius of sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | stanniocalcin (stc) gene expression was examined in the corpuscles of stannius of sockeye salmon by in situ hybridization. generally, the stc gene was not expressed uniformly in all cells of the corpuscles of stannius. however, in cases where gene expression was uniform throughout a gland, it appeared that virtually all cells contained stc mrna, thereby supporting the 'one cell type' hypothesis for the corpuscles of stannius. correlative immunocytochemistry on adjacent tissue sections indicated ... | 1993 | 8495799 |
| arrested development in a freshwater myxosporean, myxidium salvelini, following transfer of its host, the sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), to sea water. | the duration of infections with myxidium salvelini, a freshwater myxosporean, in the kidneys of anadromous sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) smolts from cultus lake, fraser river system, british columbia, was followed both in fresh water (fw) and in sea water (sw). the smolts were collected at the outlet of the lake as they migrated seaward, were subsequently held captive in m. salvelini-free fw or sw, and were sampled for presence of the parasite biweekly. initial prevalence of infection was ... | 1993 | 8501598 |
| two differing precursor genes for the salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone exist in salmonids. | salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) is considered to have an important role in the control of reproduction in salmonid fish. as a basis for understanding the physiological functioning of sgnrh at the molecular level, we characterized the nucleotide sequences of two types of cdnas encoding the precursors of sgnrh in sockeye salmon (ss), oncorhynchus nerka, by a cloning strategy based on reverse transcription-pcr. the two types of cdnas are referred to as ss-pro-sgnrh-i and -ii, and cons ... | 1995 | 8546809 |
| embryonic development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the sockeye salmon. | immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to test the hypothesis that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons are formed in the olfactory placode during embryonic development in a salmonid, oncorhynchus nerka. the development of gnrh neurons and the pituitary cell types was examined from 19 through 910 days after fertilization. immunoreactive gnrh was first detected at 19 days in the cells of the olfactory placode. gnrh immunoreactivity was not detected in any other structure ... | 1995 | 8576437 |
| characterization of the pacific salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene, copy number and transcription start site. | multiple forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) have been shown to exist in all vertebrates examined except recently-evolved placental mammals. to study the origin and regulation of the gnrh genes in a pacific salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), we isolated and sequenced the salmon form of gnrh. the southern blot shows a single band that strongly hybridizes to a probe for the gene reported here and weaker bands that may represent genes for related forms of gnrh. there is strong conservation of ... | 1995 | 8674859 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pacific salmon (genus oncorhynchus) based on mitochondrial dna sequence data. | previous phylogenetic analyses of the fishes belonging to the genus oncorhynchus based on mitochondrial dna data have produced conflicting trees. this is especially true with respect to the relationships among the three most derived pacific salmon species, the pink salmon (oncorhynchus gorbuscha), sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), and chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta). smith (syst. biol. 41(1): 41-57, 1992) suggested that introgression in opposite directions on either side of the pacific ocean ... | 1995 | 8747293 |
| hydropathy profiles of predicted thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursors are highly conserved despite low similarity of primary structures. | two types of cdnas encoding thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) precursors (trh-a and trh-b) were amplified from hypothalamic mrna of sockeye salmon by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the amplification was achieved using two primers which correspond to trh progenitor sequence (lys/arg-arg-gln-his-pro-gly-lys/arg-arg). a full length cdna encoding trh-a was obtained by 5'- and 3'-race methods. it has a length of 1324 base pairs (bp) that contains sequences of 5' and 3' un ... | 1996 | 8877818 |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in teleosts. | expression of multiple molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) mrnas and gnrh peptides were examined in the brains of tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) and sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemical techniques. after otherwise identical conditions, lesser background and stronger gnrh hybridization signals were observed on cryostat vs. paraffin sections. in both fresh and bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, there w ... | 1996 | 8883955 |
| semiautomated multilocus genotyping of pacific salmon (oncorhnychus spp.) using microsatellites. | we report the development of a semiautomated multilocus genotyping system for pacific salmon using four-color fluorescent detection of microsatellites. an initial screening of microsatellites was conducted on five species of pacific salmon (oncorhynchus spp.) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) using 35 primer pairs developed from six species of salmonid. the number of loci that amplified varied by species from 11 (chum salmon) to 22 (chinook salmon). we then tested co-amplification of microsatell ... | 1996 | 8983195 |
| two types of cdnas encoding proopiomelanocortin of sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | to investigate regulatory mechanisms of proopiomelanocortin (pomc) gene expression in sockeye salmon, we have isolated and characterized cdnas encoding two types of sockeye salmon pomc, which are referred to as sspomc-a and -b. two types of pcr products were amplified from total rna of sockeye salmon pituitaries by use of rainbow trout sequences. full length cdna clones encoding sspomc-a and sspomc-b were obtained from a pituitary cdna library of sockeye salmon using the pcr products as probes. ... | 1996 | 8987521 |
| postglacial genetic differentiation of reproductive ecotypes of kokanee oncorhynchus nerka in okanagan lake, british columbia. | okanagan lake, south-central interior of bc, contains two reproductive ecotypes of kokanee oncorhynchus nerka; individuals spawn in tributary streams ('stream-spawners') as well as on shoreline gravel areas ('beach-spawners'). we tested the hypothesis that these sympatric ecotypes comprise a single panmictic population by assaying variation in morphological traits and at allozyme, mitochondrial and minisatellite dna loci in fish collected from three stream-spawning and two beach-spawning sites. ... | 1997 | 9200826 |
| phylogenetic relationship of the genus oncorhynchus species inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers. | the phylogenetic relationship among the salmonid fishes of the genus oncorhynchus has been analyzed using various kinds of markers for a long time. however, there are three major disagreements among those studies; (1) the authenticity of the pacific salmon group as a monophyletic cluster, (2) the phylogenetic relationship among three pacific salmons (pink salmon, sockeye salmon, and chum salmon), and (3) the phylogenetic position of masu salmon. we used allozyme electrophoresis to clarify the ph ... | 1997 | 9248045 |
| retinal development and visual sensitivity of young pacific sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) | the development of photoreceptor cell types and the visual sensitivity of young sockeye salmon were examined. in contrast to previous findings from rainbow trout, rod outer segments were observed in the embryo 1.5 weeks before hatching. at this stage, a full square mosaic with accessory corner cones was visible in the central retina. post-hatching retinal development is similar to that of other fish species. during the first 11 months of development, the fibrous and interplexiform layers, the ou ... | 1996 | 9318656 |