| mortality of young-of-the-year rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) in lake erie associated with the occurrence of glugea hertwigi. | an extensive mortality of young-of-the-year rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) occurred in lake erie during the fall of 1969. dead and dying smelt were observed along the north shore from west of long point in the central basin to port maitland in the eastern basin. no other fish species was involved. glugea hertwigi, a microsporidan parasite, was observed in 90% of the distressed smelt examined, and is believed to have been a major contributing factor to the mortality. | 1978 | 650791 |
| heterogeneity in the genome rnas and polypeptides of five members of a novel group of rotavirus-like viruses isolated from aquatic animals. | biochemical characteristics of five rotavirus-like viruses isolated from striped bass (morone saxatilis), turbot (scophthalmus maximus), smelt (osmerus mordax) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in north america and europe were compared. the genome of each isolate was composed of 11 segments of dsrna and each isolate had a unique electropherotype in polyacrylamide gels. agarose gel electrophoresis showed similar rna profiles for all four isolates from north america, whereas the rna profile of the ... | 1991 | 1846647 |
| congener-specific analysis of the accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) by aquatic organisms in the maximum turbidity zone of the st. lawrence estuary, québec, canada. | the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) contamination of the biota of the st. lawrence estuary maximum turbidity zone (mtz) was investigated. the species analyzed consist of zooplankton (mostly neomysis americana), larval smelt (osmerus mordax), juvenile smelt, juvenile tomcod (microgadus tomcod) and adult smelt, tomcod and capelin (mallotus villosus). a significant increase in total pcb contamination from zooplankton to all fish developmental stages indicates that the st. lawrence mtz is a site of s ... | 1990 | 2128134 |
| experimental thiamine deficiency in captive harp seals, phoca groenlandica, induced by eating herring, clupea harengus, and smelts, osmerus mordax. | | 1972 | 5017320 |
| exceptional occurrence of odd-chain fatty acids in smelt (osmerus mordax) from jeddore harbour, nova scotia. | | 1970 | 5506374 |
| acute infection by glugea hertwigi weissenberg in young-of-the-year rainbow smelt, osmerus eperlanus mordax (mitchill). | | 1967 | 6070675 |
| accelerated hepatic glycerol synthesis in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) is fuelled directly by glucose and alanine: a 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance study. | at seawater temperatures below 1 degrees c, rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) accumulate plasma levels of glycerol up to 400 mm. aspects of the synthesis of glycerol in liver and its regulation were previously investigated, but the pathways leading to glycerol synthesis remained unconfirmed. here, we report nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) studies which elucidate, in more detail, the fuel sources for rapid glycerol synthesis in rainbow smelt. initial nmr analysis of liver homogenates from fish held ... | 2006 | 16506225 |
| epidermal tumors of rainbow smelt with associated virus. | epithelial tumors of the skin occurred in landlocked populations of rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) in several lakes in new hampshire (usa) during the spawning runs. histologically, these were noninvasive epithelial cell lesions. herpesvirus-like particles could be seen in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the lesions occurred in both males and females. prevalence which varied annually, was as high as 30%. | 1997 | 9391988 |
| three rhamnose-binding lectins from osmerus eperlanus mordax (olive rainbow smelt) roe. | three rhamnose-binding lectins were purified from the roe of osmerus eperlanus mordax (olive rainbow smelt) by affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. the apparent molecular weights of osmerus eperlanus mordax lectin (oml) -1, -2 and -3 were 25000, 32000 and 26000, respectively, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) under reducing conditions. on native page, these three lectins showed different migration patterns (rm value; 0.37, 0.53 and 0.66, ... | 1993 | 8364467 |
| forecasting the spread of invasive rainbow smelt in the laurentian great lakes region of north america. | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) have invaded many north american lakes, often resulting in the extirpation of native fish populations. yet, their invasion is incipient and provides the rationale for identifying ecosystems likely to be invaded and where management and prevention efforts should be focused. to predict smelt presence and absence, we constructed a classification-tree model based on habitat data from 354 lakes in the native range for smelt in southern maine. maximum lake depth, lake ar ... | 2006 | 17181809 |
| structural and functional similarity between fish antifreeze proteins and calcium-dependent lectins. | a cdna for a type ii antifreeze protein was isolated from liver of smelt (osmerus mordax). the predicted protein sequence is homologous to that from sea raven (hemitripterus americanus) and both show homology to a family of calcium-dependent lectins. smelt and sea raven belong to taxonomic orders believed to have diverged prior to cenozoic glaciation. thus, type ii antifreeze proteins appear to have evolved independently in these fish species from pre-existing calcium-dependent lectins. sequence ... | 1992 | 1599470 |
| relationship between food availability, glycerol and glycogen levels in low-temperature challenged rainbow smelt osmerus mordax. | rainbow smelt osmerus modax accumulate glycerol in winter that serves as an antifreeze. fish were held at 8 degrees c, or subjected to a decrease in water temperature to -1 degrees c over a 19 day period, and subsequently maintained at -1 degrees c from 15 january to 11 may 2004. starved fish did not survive the challenge of temperature decrease, with death ensuing above the typical freeze point for marine teleosts (-0.8 degrees c). a decrease in temperature activates the glycerol accumulation m ... | 2007 | 17690235 |
| localization of a marine source of odd chain-length fatty acids. i. the amphipod pontoporeia femorata (kröyer). | the amphipod pontoporeia femorata (kröyer) contains approximately equal amounts of odd chain length and even chain length fatty acids. mature males of this species are released into the waters of jeddore harbour during winter months as the result of a regular reproductive cycle and become food for smelt osmerus mordax moving into the harbor in preparation for spring spawning runs, thus accounting for the previously reported unusual fatty acid composition of these smelt. the exceptionally high le ... | 1976 | 1011943 |
| baseline concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and ddt in lake michigan fish, 1971. | responding to the recommendations of the lake michigan interstate pesticide committee, the author aimed to establish baseline baseline data on polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb's) and ddt in lake michigan fish in 1971. because the past 2 years had witnessed unprecedented legislative action to protect food resources and other aquatic species near the top of the food chain from persistent hazardous chemicals, the author also attempted to gauge the impact of cooperative legislative action on the quali ... | 1975 | 810771 |
| seasonal freeze resistance of rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) is generated by differential expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and antifreeze protein genes. | in winter, rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) accumulate glycerol and produce an antifreeze protein (afp), which both contribute to freeze resistance. the role of differential gene expression in the seasonal pattern of these adaptations was investigated. first, cdnas encoding smelt and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and smelt glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) were cloned so that all sequences required for expression analysis would be available. ... | 2006 | 16555199 |
| glycerol production in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) may be triggered by low temperature alone and is associated with the activation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphatase. | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) accumulate high levels of glycerol in winter that serves as an antifreeze. fish were subjected to controlled decreases in water temperature and levels of plasma glycerol, liver metabolites and liver enzymes were determined in order to identify control mechanisms for the initiation of glycerol synthesis. in two separate experiments, decreases in temperature from 8 degrees c to 0 degrees c over a period of 10-11 days resulted in increases in plasma glycerol from leve ... | 2006 | 16513927 |
| time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) from lakes michigan, huron, and superior, usa. | the u.s. geological service great lakes science center has archived rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) collected from the early 1980s to the present. these fish were collected to provide time- and site-dependent contaminant residue data needed by researchers and managers to fill critical data gaps regarding trends and behavior of persistent organic contaminants in the great lakes ecosystem. in the present study, data are presented for concentrations of several organochlorine (oc) contaminants in the ... | 2005 | 16050579 |
| temperature effects on trimethylamine oxide accumulation and the relationship between plasma concentration and tissue levels in smelt (osmerus mordax). | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) were maintained in a long term acclimation study to elucidate temperature effects on the accumulation of trimethylamine oxide (tmao) and to determine if the activity of trimethylamine oxidase (tmaoxi) plays a role in modulating the seasonally variable levels of tmao. in the same experiment, the tmao content was determined for several tissues at varying plasma tmao concentrations. tmao accumulation begins at 5-7 degrees c, well above that which might be normally ass ... | 2005 | 15776422 |
| control of glycerol production by rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) to provide freeze resistance and allow foraging at low winter temperatures. | the rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) is a small anadromous fish that actively feeds under the ice at temperatures as low as the freeze point of seawater. freezing is avoided through the production of both non-colligative antifreeze protein (afp) and glycerol that acts in a colligative manner. glycerol is constantly lost across the gills and skin, thus glycerol production must continue on a sustained basis at low winter temperatures. afp begins to accumulate in early fall while water temperatures a ... | 2004 | 15544960 |
| a salmonid est genomic study: genes, duplications, phylogeny and microarrays. | salmonids are of interest because of their relatively recent genome duplication, and their extensive use in wild fisheries and aquaculture. a comprehensive gene list and a comparison of genes in some of the different species provide valuable genomic information for one of the most widely studied groups of fish. | 2008 | 19014685 |
| perfluoroalkyl contaminants in a food web from lake ontario. | perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) is a persistent and bioaccumulative perfluorinated acid detectable in humans and wildlife worldwide that has alerted scientists to examine the environmental fate of other fluorinated organic contaminants. recently a homologous series of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (pfcas) was detected in the arctic, yet little is known about their sources, breadth of contamination, or environmental distribution. in this study we analyzed for pfos, the homologous series of pfcas r ... | 2004 | 15543740 |
| freeze resistance in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax): seasonal pattern of glycerol and antifreeze protein levels and liver enzyme activity associated with glycerol production. | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) inhabit inshore waters along the north american atlantic coast. during the winter, these waters are frequently ice covered and can reach temperatures as low as -1.9 degrees c. to prevent freezing, smelt accumulate high levels of glycerol, which lower the freezing point via colligative means, and antifreeze proteins (afp). the up-regulation of the antifreeze response (both glycerol and afp) occurs in early fall, when water temperatures are 5 degrees -6 degrees c. th ... | 2004 | 15286915 |
| occurrence of proteocephalus tetrastomus (rudolphi, 1810) (cestoda: proteocephalidea) in larval rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) in north america: identification of a potential pathogen confirmed. | a morphological evaluation and genetic analysis (sequencing of its2 region of rdna) of proteocephalidean cestodes from rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) in the saint lawrence estuary, canada, has shown their conspecificity with proteocephalus tetrastomus, a specific parasite of smelt (osmeridae), previously known only from northern europe, russia, and japan. the parasite occurs only in larval, but not adult, smelt in the saint lawrence estuary. prevalence of larval smelt infection was 42% (n = 50), ... | 2004 | 15165076 |
| organochlorine compounds in lake superior: chiral polychlorinated biphenyls and biotransformation in the aquatic food web. | the enantiomeric composition of seven chiral pcb congeners was measured in the lake superior aquatic food web sampled in 1998, to determine the extent of enantioselective biotransformation in aquatic biota. all chiral pcb congeners studied (cbs 91, 95, 136, 149, 174, 176, and 183) biomagnified in the lake superior aquatic food web, based on biomagnification and food web magnification factors greater than unity. pcb atropisomers were racemic in phytoplankton and zooplankton, suggesting no biotran ... | 2004 | 14740721 |
| temporal changes in mercury bioaccumulation by predatory fishes of boreal lakes following the invasion of an exotic forage fish. | we evaluated the prediction that mercury concentrations of predatory fishes in boreal lakes would rise following the invasion of an exotic forage fish species (rainbow smelt, osmerus mordax) that was believed to feed at a higher trophic position than native forage fishes. we compared temporal trends (postinvasion minus preinvasion values) in fish mercury bioaccumulation between lakes experiencing recent smelt invasions and reference lakes of central canada. piscivore mercury concentrations in th ... | 2003 | 12959531 |
| divergent selection maintains adaptive differentiation despite high gene flow between sympatric rainbow smelt ecotypes (osmerus mordax mitchill). | in this study, we investigate the relative role of historical factors and evolutionary forces in promoting population differentiation in a new case of sympatric dwarf and normal ecotypes of the rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax mitchill) in lac saint-jean (québec, canada). our first objective was to test the hypothesis that the evolution of sympatric smelt ecotypes in lac saint-jean has been contingent upon the secondary contact between two evolutionary lineages in postglacial times. secondly, the q ... | 2003 | 12535084 |
| comparison of liver enzymes in osmerid fishes: key differences between a glycerol accumulating species, rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax), and a species that does not accumulate glycerol, capelin (mallotus villosus). | activities of enzymes associated with glycerol synthesis were compared in the liver of two osmerid fishes, the smelt (osmerus mordax), which can accumulate high (400 mm) levels of glycerol and capelin (mallotus villosus) that does not accumulate glycerol. animals were sampled at approximately the same time of year and temperature thus negating potential seasonal effects. these species are closely related, reducing interpretative issues involving comparison between unrelated species. we found tha ... | 2002 | 12020659 |
| a simulation of food-web interactions leading to rainbow smelt osmerus mordax dominance in sparkling lake, wisconsin. | a process-based simulation model was used to examine the nature and intensity of food-web interactions that allow osmerus mordax to dominate invaded lakes. the model simulates food-web interactions among linked populations of o. mordax, coregonus artedi and sander vitreus. simulations indicated that o. mordax dominate where: (1) adult o. mordax prey on young-of-the-year (yoy) c. artedi, (2) yoy o. mordax negatively affect yoy s. vitreus through competition and (3) adult s. vitreus experience mod ... | 2010 | 21039511 |
| the freeze-avoidance response of smelt osmerus mordax: initiation and subsequent suppression of glycerol, trimethylamine oxide and urea accumulation. | smelt (osmerus mordax) were maintained at either ambient water temperature or approximately 5 degrees c and various aspects of their freeze-avoidance response were examined from early winter until early spring. plasma levels of glycerol, trimethylamine oxide (tmao) and urea were elevated by december 15 and continued to increase in fish held in ambient conditions. in contrast, fish held under warm conditions exhibited decreased glycerol and urea content in plasma, muscle and liver. plasma and liv ... | 2002 | 11976353 |
| structural and functional characterization of a c-type lectin-like antifreeze protein from rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | antifreeze proteins (afps) are produced by several cold-water fish species. they depress physiological freezing temperatures by inhibiting growth of ice crystals and, in so doing, permit the survival of these fish in seawater cooler than their normal freezing temperatures. the type ii afp from rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax), which is a member of the c-type lectin superfamily, was characterized in terms of its ca2+-binding quaternary structure and the role of its single n-linked oligosaccharide. ... | 2002 | 11856355 |
| cloning of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cdnas from two fish species and effect of temperature on enzyme expression in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) can accumulate extreme levels of glycerol in their blood during winter. low temperatures are required for glycerol accumulation in smelt blood and the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh) has been suggested to play a role in glycerol production/concentration in this species. in the present study, cdna sequences encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh) from rainbow smelt and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were cloned. the encoded gpdh protein se ... | 2001 | 11250535 |
| natural transfer of helminths of marine origin to freshwater fishes with observations on the development of diphyllobothrium alascense. | infective stages of helminths of 5 species that occur as adults in marine mammals were found in burbot, lota lota (l.) (gadidae), from the lower kuskokwim river (southwestern alaska): diphyllobothrium alascense rausch et williamson, 1958; pyramicocephalus phocarum (fabricius, 1780); corynosoma strumosum (rudolphi, 1801); corynosoma semerme (forsell, 1904); and pseudoterranova decipiens (krabbe, 1878). some larval stages were obtained also from smelt, osmerus mordax dentex steindachner, an anadro ... | 2000 | 10780552 |
| toxaphene congeners in the canadian great lakes basin: temporal and spatial food web dynamics. | samples of a top predator fish species, lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) and predominant forage species including smelt (osmerus mordax), alewife (alosa pseudoharengus), slimy sculpin (cottus cognatus), deepwater sculpin (myoxocephalus quadricornis) and lake herring (coregonus artedii) were, collected from throughout 4 of the 5 great lakes (superior, huron, erie and ontario) (fig. 1). lake trout were also collected from three isolated lake systems (lakes nipigon, simcoe and opeongo), all locate ... | 2000 | 10739065 |
| trimethylamine oxide and urea synthesis in rainbow smelt and some other northern fishes. | trimethylamine oxide (tmao) and urea levels in the blood of rainbow smelt, osmerus mordax, were previously shown to increase dramatically in winter, but the means by which these osmolytes are acquired has remained unclear. in this study, i show that the smelt can synthesize tmao via liver trimethylamine oxidase activity and thus are not completely dependent on a dietary source of tmao. cold-acclimatized pacific herring, clupea harengus, were also found to have high levels of tmao in the blood, w ... | 1998 | 9754528 |
| expression analysis of glycerol synthesis-related liver transcripts in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) exposed to a controlled decrease in temperature. | abstract rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) accumulate high glycerol levels to avoid freezing at subzero temperatures. glyceroneogenesis is activated by low temperature and occurs in liver via a branch in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. in this study, carbohydrate and liver transcript levels of 21 genes potentially associated with glycerol production were assessed during a controlled warm to cold transition. smelt were held at 8°c (warm smelt; non-glycerol accumulating) or subjected to a controlled ... | 2012 | 22237291 |
| mercury content of smelt in cayuga lake in central new york state. | smelt (osmerus mordax) were netted from cayuga lake in central new york state and analyzed for mercury concentration. there was no statistical significance (p > 0.05) when attempting to correlate mercury concentration with fish length or weight for either sex. factors affecting methylation, demethylation and absorption of mercury are discussed. | 1998 | 9661271 |
| [cloning and expression analysis of the nfκb inhibitor iκbα of ayu (plecoglossus altivelis)]. | the nfκb inhibitor (iκbα) is an integral part of nfκb/iκb signaling pathways, which plays roles in a variety of immune responses, such as bacterial infection resistance. by interacting with nuclear transcription factor nfκb, iκbα controls a variety of biological immune gene expressions. in this study, full-length cdna (1341 bp) of the nfκb inhibitor iκbα (paiκbα, genbank accession no. jn801027) of plecoglossus altivelis was obtained by race and pcr, and included a 5' untranslated region (utr) (6 ... | 2013 | 23913891 |
| mercury bioaccumulation in forage fish communities invaded by rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | we compared total mercury concentrations ([hg]) among 6 forage fish species in 25 central canadian lakes and related [hg] to adjusted-delta15n (an index of trophic position), delta13c, growth rate, and a suite of environmental variables. growth rates were also compared among species and related to environmental variables. we found that rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax), a recent invader in many of these lakes, had intermediate [hg] and growth rates relative to other species. forage fish growth rate ... | 2006 | 16568754 |
| phylogenetic analysis and positive-selection site detecting of vascular endothelial growth factor family in vertebrates. | vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), known to play an important role in vascular homeostasis, vascular integrity and angiogenesis, is little known about the evolutionary relationship of its five members especially the role of gene duplication and natural selection in the evolution of the vegf family. in this study, seventy-five full-length cdna sequences from 33 vertebrate species were extracted from the ncbi's genbank, uniprot protein database and the ensembl database. by phylogenetic ana ... | 2014 | 24200960 |
| a novel lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp) gene from sweetfish plecoglossus altivelis: molecular characterization and its role in the immune response of monocytes/macrophages. | lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp) belongs to the lipid transfer/lbp (lt-lbp) family, and plays a crucial role in the recognition of bacterial components that modulate cellular signals in phagocytic cells. although several lbps have been identified in teleosts, the effects of lbp homologs on teleost phagocytic cells are still obscure. here, we report the cloning a novel full-length cdna sequence of lbp-like protein (palbp) gene from sweetfish, plecoglossus altivelis. the palbp cdna encoded ... | 2014 | 24594008 |
| glycerol synthesis in the rainbow smelt osmerus mordax | rainbow smelt, osmerus mordax, maintain high glycerol levels in winter to avoid freezing. after intramuscular injection of 14c-labeled glucose, [14c]glycerol was found in the blood, liver and muscle, indicating that glycogen is a source of glycerol. levels of both the active and inactive forms of glycogen phosphorylase were higher in muscle in winter than in autumn, although the fraction in the active form did not change significantly. more of the phosphorylase was in the active form in the live ... | 1995 | 9320497 |
| trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived great lakes fish (1979-2005). | while few environmental measurements of brominated diphenyl ethers (bdes) were completed prior to the mid-1990s, analysis of appropriately archived samples might enable the determination of contaminant trends back to the introduction of these chemicals. in this paper, we first investigate the stability of bdes in archived frozen and extracted fish samples, and then characterize trends of these chemicals in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) and lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) in each of the great ... | 2007 | 17561231 |
| bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in food webs from lake ontario and lake michigan. | chlorinated paraffins (cps) are complex mixtures of chlorinated alkanes used in a myriad of industrial applications as flame retardant plasticizers and additives. in this study, the distribution and bioaccumulation/biomagnification of short-chain cps (c10-c13, sccps) and medium-chain cps (c14-c17, mccps) were investigated in samples collected between 1999 and 2004 from lake ontario and northern lake michigan. total (sigma) sccps and sigmamccps concentrations in water from lake ontario were 1190 ... | 2008 | 18546740 |
| low temperature directly activates the initial glycerol antifreeze response in isolated rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) liver cells. | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) accumulate high levels of glycerol in winter that serve as an antifreeze. liver glycogen is a source of glycerol during the early stages of glycerol accumulation, whereas dietary glucose and amino acids are essential to maintain rates of glycerol synthesis. we presently report rates of glycerol and glucose production by isolated hepatocytes. cells from fish held at 0.4 to -1.5 degrees c and incubated at 0.4 degrees c were metabolically quiescent with negligible rat ... | 2008 | 18635448 |
| seasonal expressed sequence tags of rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) revealed by subtractive hybridization and the identification of two genes up-regulated during winter. | the rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) is freeze-resistant and maintains swimming and feeding activity during winter. in order to identify genes differentially expressed in smelt liver response to winter water temperatures, a large-scale analysis of gene expression using suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out using samples obtained in fall and winter. forward and reverse subtractions were performed, subtraction-enriched products were cloned, and clones were sequenced from both of the ... | 2008 | 18761395 |
| laboratory evaluation of a walleye (sander vitreus) bioenergetics model. | walleye (sander vitreus) is an important game fish throughout much of north america. we evaluated the performance of the wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye in the laboratory. walleyes were fed rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks during a 126-day experiment. based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of monthly consumption with the observed monthly consumption, we concluded that the bioenergetics model significantly underestimated food consumpt ... | 2010 | 18979219 |
| apolipoprotein a-i, a hyperosmotic adaptation-related protein in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis). | apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i) is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (hdl) particles in serum and participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion. 2de gel and protein identification by maldi-tof-ms revealed that an apoa-i-like molecule was significantly decreased in the liver of ayu transferred from freshwater (fw) to brackish water (bw). a full-length cdna clone of this protein was subsequently isolated. it contains 1209 bp with an ... | 2009 | 19095077 |
| why do parasitized hosts look different? resolving the "chicken-egg" dilemma. | phenotypic differences between infected and non-infected hosts are often assumed to be the consequence of parasite infection. however, pre-existing differences in hosts' phenotypes may promote differential susceptibility to infection. the phenotypic variability observed within the host population may therefore be a cause rather than a consequence of infection. in this study, we aimed at disentangling the causes and the consequences of parasite infection by calculating the value of a phenotypic t ... | 2009 | 19189131 |
| phylogeny and morphology of glugea hertwigi from rainbow smelt osmerus mordax found in prince edward island, canada. | infection of rainbow smelt osmerus mordax with the microsporidian glugea hertwigi was diagnosed for the first time in prince edward island, canada. the prevalence of infection was 24%, 45 infected out of 187 examined fish captured in february and march 2009. both large and small xenomas of g. hertwigi observed within the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and along the mesentery of the host contained only mature spores. advanced and degraded xenomas associated with host reaction were descri ... | 2009 | 20066958 |
| seasonal changes in hepatic gene expression reveal modulation of multiple processes in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) are freeze-resistant fish that accumulate glycerol and produce an antifreeze protein during winter. quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qpcr) and subtractive hybridization studies have previously revealed five genes in rainbow smelt liver to be differentially regulated in winter in comparison with the fall when water temperatures are warmer. in order to further define the suite of processes that are regulated seasonally, we undertook a large-scale analysis of g ... | 2010 | 20107851 |
| variations of thiaminase i activity ph dependencies among typical great lakes forage fish and paenibacillus thiaminolyticus. | the source of thiaminase in the great lakes food web remains unknown. biochemical characterization of the thiaminase i activities observed in forage fish was undertaken to provide insights into potential thiaminase sources and to optimize catalytic assay conditions. we measured the thiaminase i activities of crude extracts from five forage fish species and one strain of paenibacillus thiaminolyticus over a range of ph values. the clupeids, alewife alosa pseudoharengus and gizzard shad dorosoma c ... | 2009 | 20218495 |
| structural and functional connectivity of marine fishes within a semi-enclosed newfoundland fjord. | the interplay between structural connectivity (i.e. habitat continuity) and functional connectivity (i.e. dispersal probability) in marine fishes was examined in a coastal fjord (holyrood pond, newfoundland, canada) that is completely isolated from the north atlantic ocean for most of the year. genetic differentiation was described in three species (rainbow smelt osmerus mordax, white hake urophycis tenuis and atlantic cod gadus morhua) with contrasting life histories using seven to 10 microsate ... | 2009 | 20738621 |
| structure of capsule surrounding acanthocephalans corynosoma strumosum in paratenic hosts of three species. | morphology of capsules surrounding acanthocephalan corynosoma strumosum in paratenic hosts (sea fishes of three species from the northern part of the sea of okhotsk) was studied. a thick layer of glycocalyx is formed on the surface of acanthocephalan's tegument in smelts osmerus mordax dentex and hypomesus olidus; the surrounding capsule is formed by fibroblasts and collagen fibers and do not include inflammatory cells. besides fibroblasts, capsule of the sole limanda aspera consists also of mac ... | 2010 | 20922420 |
| glycerol loss to water exceeds glycerol catabolism via glycerol kinase in freeze-resistant rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | rainbow smelt accumulate high amounts of glycerol in winter. in smelt, there is a predictable profile of plasma glycerol levels that starts to increase in november (<5 μmol/ml), peaks in mid-february (>200 μmol/ml), and thereafter decreases to reach the initial levels in the beginning of may. the aim of this study was to investigate the respective role of the two main mechanisms that might be involved in glycerol clearance from mid-february: 1) breakdown of glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate throu ... | 2010 | 21178128 |
| molecular analysis, tissue profiles, and seasonal patterns of cytosolic and mitochondrial gpdh in freeze-resistant rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | abstract rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) is an anadromous teleost that, beginning in late fall, accumulates plasma glycerol in excess of 200 mm, which subsequently decreases in the spring. the activity of cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cgpdh) is higher (i) in liver of smelt than in that of atlantic salmon and capelin (nonglycerol accumulators), (ii) in liver of smelt maintained at 1°c than in that of smelt held at 8°-10°c, and (iii) in smelt liver than in smelt muscle, heart, brain ... | 2011 | 21743250 |
| Identification and validation of differentially expressed transcripts in a hepatocyte model of cold-induced glycerol production in rainbow smelt(Osmerus mordax). | Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) avoid freezing by producing antifreeze protein (AFP) and accumulating glycerol. Glyceroneogenesis occurs in liver via a branch in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and is activated by low temperature. Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of fish acclimated to 8-¦C. Cells were incubated at warm (8-¦C; non-glycerol accumulating) or cold (0.4-¦C; glycerol accumulating) temperature over a 72 h time course. Reciprocal SSH libraries enriched for cold-responsive transcr ... | 2011 | 21734021 |
| Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends in mercury in Great Lakes Herring Gull eggs, 1974-2009. | Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends of total mercury (Hg) were assessed in eggs of the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) over the period 1974-2009 at 15 sites in the Great Lakes: 2-3 sites per lake and one site in each of 3 connecting channels. Current (2009) concentrations ranged from 0.064-á++g/g (wet weight) at Chantry Island (Lake Huron) to 0.246-á++g/g at Middle Island (Lake Erie). There were significant inter-colony differences in mean Hg concentrations (2005-2009). Mercur ... | 2011 | 21833543 |
| comparing climate change and species invasions as drivers of coldwater fish population extirpations. | species are influenced by multiple environmental stressors acting simultaneously. our objective was to compare the expected effects of climate change and invasion of non-indigenous rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) on cisco (coregonus artedii) population extirpations at a regional level. we assembled a database of over 13,000 lakes in wisconsin, usa, summarising fish occurrence, lake morphology, water chemistry, and climate. we used a1, a2, and b1 scenarios from the intergovernmental panel on clima ... | 2011 | 21860661 |
| Osmotic pressure-adaptive responses in the eye tissues of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). | The rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), is a teleost fish, which avoids freezing by becoming virtually isosmotic with seawater. The effects that such massive changes in osmolarity have on both its visual system and its highly evolved and specialized circulation are not known. New knowledge about the osmotic adaptation of the rainbow smelt eye is highly relevant to the adaptation and survival of this species and to its ability to feed as a visual predator in the face of environmental pressures. Moreo ... | 2011 | 22025894 |
| glycerol-3-phosphatase and not lipid recycling is the primary pathway in the accumulation of high concentrations of glycerol in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). | rainbow smelt is a small fish that accumulates glycerol in winter as a cryoprotectant when the animal is in seawater. glycerol is synthesized in liver from different substrates that all lead to the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate (g3p). this study assesses whether glycerol is produced by a direct dephosphorylation of g3p by a phosphatase (g3pase) or by a cycling through the glycerolipid pool followed by lipolysis. foremost, concentrations of on-board glycerolipids and activity of g3pase and of ... | 2012 | 23269480 |
| two potential fish glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatases. | winter-acclimated rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax mitchill) produce high levels of glycerol as an antifreeze. a common pathway to glycerol involves the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase (gpp), but no gpp has yet been identified in fish or any other animal. here, two phosphatases assembled from existing est libraries (from winter-acclimated smelt and cold-acclimated smelt hepatocytes) were found to resemble a glycerol-associated phosphatase from a glycerol-producing alga, dunaliella salina, a ... | 2015 | 25832176 |
| net trophic transfer efficiencies of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners to lake whitefish (coregonus clupeaformis) from their food. | lake whitefish (coregonus clupeaformis) were fed rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks over a 133-d experiment. at the start of the experiment, 10 to 14 of the fish in each tank were sacrificed, and the concentrations of 40 polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners within these fish were determined. polychlorinated biphenyl congener concentrations were also determined in the 15 lake whitefish remaining in each of the four tanks at the end of the experiment as well as in the rain ... | 2008 | 17967070 |
| estimating contemporary early life-history dispersal in an estuarine fish: integrating molecular and otolith elemental approaches. | dispersal during the early life history of the anadromous rainbow smelt, osmerus mordax, was examined using assignment testing and mixture analysis of multilocus genotypes and otolith elemental composition. six spawning areas and associated estuarine nurseries were sampled throughout southeastern newfoundland. samples of adults and juveniles isolated by > 25 km displayed moderate genetic differentiation (f(st) ~ 0.05), whereas nearby (< 25 km) spawning and nursery samples displayed low different ... | 2008 | 18321254 |
| rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) genomic library and est resources. | genomic resources in rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax) enable us to examine the genome duplication process in salmonids and test hypotheses relating to the fate of duplicated genes. they further enable us to pursue physiological and ecological studies in smelt. a bacterial artificial chromosome library containing 52,410 clones with an average insert size of 146 kb was constructed. this library represents an 11-fold average coverage of the rainbow smelt (o. mordax) genome. in addition, several compl ... | 2008 | 18386095 |
| evolution of type ii antifreeze protein genes in teleost fish: a complex scenario involving lateral gene transfers and episodic directional selection. | i examined hypotheses about lateral transfer of type ii antifreeze protein (afp) genes among "distantly" related teleost fish. the effects of episodic directional selection on amino acid evolution were also investigated. the strict consensus results showed that the type ii afp and type ii antifreeze-like protein genes were transferred from osmerus mordax to clupea harengus, from the ancestral lineage of the brachyopsis rostratus-hemitripterus americanus clade to the ancestor of the hypomesus nip ... | 2012 | 23032610 |