| toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids to fish. | the toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids was determined with coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead trout (salmo gairdneri), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (icatlurus punctatus), bluegill (lepomis macrochirus), and yellow perch (perca flavescens). the 96-hour lc50's in static tests at 12 degrees c ranged from 24.6 to 114 mug/l of natural pyrethrins and from 0.110 to 1,140 mug/l of pyrethroids. two pyrethroids, ru-11679 and sbp-1382 (r), were over 10 t ... | 1976 | 5059 |
| acute toxicity of selenium dioxide to freshwater fishes. | acute toxicity tests of selenium dioxide were conducted for 96 to 336 hr in intermittent-flow bioassay systems using six species of freshwater fish. the decreasing order of species sensitivity was: fathead minnow, flagfish, brook trout, channel catfish, goldfish, and bluegil. curves relating median lethal concentration to exposure time for each species exposed for more than 168 hr were sigmoid in shape and were characterized by a change in slope indicating a more rapid mortality rate after 96 to ... | 1976 | 5060 |
| henneguya adiposa minchew (myxosporida) in the channel catfish: ultrastructure of the plasmodium wall and sporogenesis. | wall ultrastructure and sporogenesis were studied in plasmodia of henneguya adiposa minchew which infects the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). plasmodia were located among connective tissue bands of the adipose fin and were always separated from host fibrocytes by collagen fibers. the plasmodium wall consisted of a single unit membrane which was continuous with numerous pinocytic canals extending into the parasite's ectoplasm. the membrane was highly convoluted, producing an ir ... | 1979 | 114629 |
| decreased antiviral effect of phosphonoacetic acid on the poikilothermic herpesvirus of channel catfish disease. | | 1978 | 213781 |
| comparison of acute response to polychlorinated biphenyl in liver of rat and channel catfish: a biochemical and morphological study. | the acute response of liver of channel catfish and rat to polychlorinated biphenyl was compared on a structural and functional basis. both the rat and the fish had elevated microsomal enzyme activities. however, in the rat the response was quantitatively greater in all respects. morphologically, rats responded with lipid accumulation and marked increases in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. fish liver showed lipid accumulation and increased profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum with alterations in ... | 1978 | 416227 |
| excretion of 131i by freshwater catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus). | | 1979 | 489299 |
| population biology and behavior of larval eustrongylides tubifex (nematoda: dioctophymatida) in poikilothermous hosts. | a total of 178 channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), 162 freshwater drum (aplodinotus grunniens), 60 smallmouth bass (micropterus dolomieui) and 2,488 yellow perch (perca flavescens) were examined for larval eustrongylides tubifex (nitzsch 1819) jägerskiold 1909 during 1973 and 1974. older, large fish exhibited higher prevalence, larger mean numbers of larvae in infected fish, larger mean numbers of larvae in all fish examined, and wider range of intensity of infection. infections were most ext ... | 1978 | 627946 |
| comparative study of ultrastructure of interlamellar and intralamellar types of henneguya exilis kudo from channel catfish. | the inter- and intralamellar types of henneguya exilis kudo (myxosporida) infections from channel catfish are similar in spore structure and sporogenesis, but differ in the structure of their plasmodium wall and surface coat and in their relationship with the host cells. the 2 clinical types differ also in the sites of development and growth patterns of plasmodia within a gill filament. interlamellar plasmodia are limited by 2 outer unit membranes which give rise to both single-and double-membra ... | 1978 | 660571 |
| comparison of selected diagnostic tests for detection of motile aeromonas septicemia in fish. | cultural isolation, slide agglutination (sa), tube agglutination (ta), microagglutination (ma), and fluorescent antibody (fa) techniqes were compared as methods for detecting motile aeromonas septicemia in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). tests were conducted on naturally infected fish from feral populations and commercial sources, as well as on fish which were experimentally infected with a virulent culture of aeromonas hydrophila. increased levels of specific serum agglutinins to a hydro ... | 1978 | 697147 |
| tryptophan and threonine requirements of fingerling channel catfish. | growth studies, utilizing a 24% crude protein diet containing an amino acid pattern similar to whole egg protein, indicate that the tryptophan requirement for fingerling channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is about 0.12% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 0.5% of the dietary protein. similar studies indicate that the threonine requirement for the same fish is about 0.53% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 2.21% of the dietary protein. the dietary requirement of threonine was confirmed by serum f ... | 1978 | 702201 |
| purification of channel catfish virus, a fish herpesvirus. | channel catfish virus was highly purified from host cells by precipitation with peg-6000 and isopycnic centrifugation in a metrizamide gradient. as calculated from reconstruction experiments, only 0.09 and 0.05% respectively of the host dna and the host proteins were recovered at the position of the viral band. the final recovery of infectivity was about 30%. electron microscopy showed mostly intact viral particles. | 1978 | 743643 |
| control of epistylis on channel catfish in raceways. | an epistylis outbreak occurred on channel catfish in raceways during two growing seasons. bioassays of potential control chemicals were conducted. based on the bioassay results, salt (nac1) plus formalin and salt alone were the most effective treatment chemicals. | 1975 | 806710 |
| identification and properties of j chain isolated from catfish macroglobulin. | after the cleavage of disulfide bonds of macroglobulin isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), an electrophoretically fast-moving polypeptide, which resembled human j chain, was released. on a sephadex g-200 column equilibrated in 5 m guanidine, the elution position of the j chain overlapped with the descending part of the l chain peak. further purification was achieved by deae ion-exchange chromatography. the isolated polypeptide, which had a molecular weight of 14,800 +/- 500, as ... | 1975 | 809510 |
| five new species of henneguya (protozoa: myxosporida) from ictalurid fishes. | four new species of henneguya (myxosporidan) are described from ictalurus punctatus rafinesque (channel catfish). they are as follows: henneguya postexilis sp. n. and henneguya longicauda sp. n. from the gills; henneguya adiposa sp. n. from the adipose fin; and henneguya diversis sp. n. from the liver, kidney, connective tissue of muscles and fins, and tumor-like external growths. henneguya pellis sp. n. is described from the dermis of ictalurus furcatus (lesueur) (blue catfish). the development ... | 1977 | 881651 |
| necrosis and bacterial infection in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) following hypoxia. | apparently sterile lesions developed in the skin and musculature of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) six days after fish were severely stressed by an oxygen depletion associated with a phytoplankton die-off in an 8.9 ha pond. lesions were characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from either the lesions ot internal organs of all moribund fish necropsied the day after lesions were first found. as the water quality improved the health of the fish improved. wa ... | 1976 | 933317 |
| ultrastructure of interlamellar henneguya exilis in the channel catfish. | ultrastructural aspects of interlamellar henneguya exilis infections in channel catfish are reported. the plasmodium wall of this form differs from that of other species in that it is composed of two outer unit membranes which give rise to a zone of numerous pinocytic canals. single-membraned canals appeared to be a stable feature of the wall while double-membraned canals are interpreted as those actively carrying out pinocytosis. evidence suggests that host cellular cytoplasm as well as interst ... | 1976 | 1003287 |
| circular dichroism of rhodopsins and porphyropsins. | circular dichroism and absorption spectra were determined for digitonin extracts of three rhodopsins: cattle, grass frog, and pigeon; and three porphyropsins: channel catfish, bluegill sunfish, and redear sunfish. a comparison of these spectra shows the following: (1) porphyropsins, like rhodopsins, exhibit two positive cd peaks in the spectral region 320--700 nm: an alpha peak at about 520 nm and a small beta peak at about 355 nm. these peaks substantially diminish upon bleaching. (2) in the cd ... | 1976 | 1083248 |
| retention of salmonella typhimurium by certain species of fish and shrimp. | marine fish (mugil cephalus, fundulus heteroclitus, trachinotus carolinus), lake shrimp (penaeus setiferus), and channel catfish (ictalurus lacustris punctatus) were exposed to salmonella typhimurium and cultured after 2 hours and at daily intervals for 30 days. salmonella typhimurium was recovered from all exposed animals after 2 hours and for 30 days in all animals except p setifurus. the organisms could not be recovered from those shrimp after the initial sampling period. apparent salmonellos ... | 1975 | 1100577 |
| chemical identification of catfish growth hormone and prolactin. | isolation and primary structure of growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) from the pituitary gland of catfish (ictalurus punctatus) are described. alkaline extract of the pituitary glands was fractionated by gel filtration on sephadex g-75, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on octadecyl silica ods. catfish gh and prl were identified by western blotting with antisera against chum salmon gh and prl. the catfish gh consists of ... | 1992 | 1308206 |
| electroporation: a method for transferring genes into the gametes of zebrafish (brachydanio rerio), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | recombinant plasmids containing the rous sarcoma virus long-terminal repeat (rsvltr) promoter linked to either rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss) growth hormone 1 (rtgh1) or growth hormone 2 (rtgh2) cdna were linearized and introduced into the fertilized eggs of zebrafish (brachydanio rerio), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and common carp (cyprinus carpio) by both electroporation and microinjection. the latter two species had these rainbow trout constructs (rsvltr-rtgh1cdna or rsvltr-rtg ... | 1992 | 1339228 |
| purification and partial characterization of immobilization antigens from ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a parasitic ciliate of freshwater fishes, was found to have surface antigens (ag) which elicited immobilizing antibodies (ab) when injected into rabbits. an effort was made to purify and characterize these ag (referred to as immobilization ag) because of their potential role in protective immunity in fishes. mice immunized with theront cilia were used for production of immobilizing monoclonal antibodies (mab). hybridomas were screened by indirect immunofluorescent l ... | 1992 | 1383510 |
| molecular genetics of sex determination in channel catfish: studies on sry, zfy, bkm, and human telomeric repeats. | in amniotes, the banded krait minor (bkm) minisatellite (gata), the human telometric sequence (ttaggg)7, and the y-specific genes, zfy and sry, are associated with a particular sex. these sequences were studied in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. however, none was sex-specific in catfish; homologs of each were present in males and females. our data suggest that components of mammalian sex-determining systems may be widespread and shared among the vertebrates in general. whether those co ... | 1992 | 1391325 |
| novel heme-binding component in the serum of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | the serum of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) was examined for heme- and hemoglobin-binding proteins. electrophoretic mobility retardation assays failed to detect a hemoglobin-binding material similar to mammalian haptoglobin; however, a heme-binding component (not previously described) was identified in catfish serum. the heme-binding component was purified by gel filtration chromatography; electrophoretic analyses suggested it to be composed of two polypeptide subunits of molecular ma ... | 1992 | 1392473 |
| isolation of an acute-phase phosphorylcholine-reactive pentraxin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 1. channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum contains a protein that precipitates pneumococcal c-polysaccharide (cps) in a calcium-dependent fashion. 2. the serum titer of this protein follows an acute-phase pattern in catfish injected with turpentine. 3. a non-glycosylated, phosphorylcholine (pc)-reactive protein (prp) with molecular mass ca 100 kda, was isolated from channel catfish acute-phase sera by affinity chromatography on pc-sepharose 4b. 4. contaminating proteins with molecular masse ... | 1992 | 1499290 |
| preliminary biological characterization of a melanization stimulating factor (msf) from the dorsal skin of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | a two step fractionation of conditioned media made from the darkly pigmented dorsal skin of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, has produced fractions that contain a melanization stimulating factor (msf). isolated neural tubes of xenopus laevis embryos exposed to conditioned media and to specific fractions exhibit greater melanization (increased numbers of melanized cells and elevated percentages of melanized cells), a greater number of dendrites per melanized cell, and a greater number of ... | 1992 | 1528091 |
| summary of bacterial isolates from farm-reared channel catfish (1979-1988). | | 1992 | 1616987 |
| use of polymerase chain reaction to detect latent channel catfish virus. | polymerase chain reaction was used to detect an economically important herpesvirus, channel catfish virus (ccv). a segment of the viral dna was sequenced and oligonucleotide primers were produced from that sequence. after the primers were tested for the possibility of hybridization to catfish dna, they were used to prime the polymerase chain reaction, using pure ccv dna, ccv dna added to catfish dna, and dna from catfish infected and not infected with ccv. in all cases, the method proved to be s ... | 1991 | 1665023 |
| phylogeny of immune recognition: processing and presentation of structurally defined proteins in channel catfish immune responses. | this work was undertaken to investigate whether or not antigen processing and presentation are important in channel catfish in vitro secondary immune responses elicited with structurally defined proteins, namely, pigeon heart cytochrome c (pcytc), hen egg lysozyme, and horse myoglobin. the use of in vitro antigen-pulsed and fixed b cells or monocytes as antigen presenting cells (apc) resulted in autologous peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) responding with vigorous proliferation and antibody prod ... | 1991 | 1668258 |
| transduction mechanisms for the taste of amino acids. | amino acids are important taste stimuli for a variety of animals. one animal model, the channel catfish, i. punctatus, possesses sensitive taste receptor systems for several amino acids. neurophysiological and biochemical receptor binding studies suggest the presence of at least three receptor pathways: one is a relatively nonspecific site(s) responsive to short-chain neutral amino acids such as l-alanine (l-ala); another is responsive to the basic amino acid l-arginine (l-arg); still another is ... | 1991 | 1679559 |
| effect of temperature on the immune system of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus)--ii. adaptation of anterior kidney phagocytes to 10 degrees c. | 1. anterior kidney phagocytes from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) exposed to 10 and 24 degrees c from 1 day to 5 weeks were assayed for phagocytic ability and respiratory burst activity to aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella ictaluri. 2. the results of this study indicated that phagocytosis in channel catfish remained partially functional at low temperature without adaptation, although partial suppression was observed. 3. adaptation to low temperature did lead to an improvement in the r ... | 1991 | 1685385 |
| a high-affinity zinc-binding plasma protein in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 1. channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) have a remarkably high concentration of zinc (zn) in their blood serum, about 20 micrograms/ml. however, compared to mammals, the concentrations of zn in their tissues are not remarkable. the serum zn is dialyzable against a solution containing 1 mm edta. 2. following separation of serum proteins by gel-filtration most of the zn was recovered in a fraction with the same peak volume of elution for the zn and protein concentrations and having a molecular we ... | 1991 | 1687545 |
| outer membrane protein profiles of edwardsiella ictaluri from fish. | outer membrane proteins (omp) prepared with sodium n-lauroyl sarcocinate (sls) from 33 edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from fish were examined by electrophoresis. twenty-eight isolates from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) had similar omp profiles. ten bands (71 kilodaltons [kd] to 19.5 kd) were identified in all isolates from channel catfish. one major 35-kd protein comprised most of the protein content of the outer membrane of isolates from channel catfish. differences existed among isolat ... | 1990 | 1689127 |
| channel catfish virus: a new type of herpesvirus. | herpesviruses are large double-stranded dna viruses which infect vertebrates from fish to man. convincing genetic relationships between herpesviruses that infect higher vertebrates (birds and mammals) have been demonstrated previously by comparing proteins predicted from dna sequences and have been interpreted as a result of evolution from a common ancestor. in order to evaluate how herpesviruses of lower vertebrates fit into this scheme, the 134,226-bp genome of channel catfish virus was sequen ... | 1992 | 1727613 |
| bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay for determining ampicillin residues in fish muscle. | the bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay for penicillin in milk (aoac official method) was adapted for the determination of ampicillin in fish muscle. the method was evaluated in 2 species of cultured fish: channel catfish and striped bass. recoveries of ampicillin ranged from 99 to 104% when muscle specimens from both species were spiked at concentrations of 0.025-1.00 micrograms/g. the lower limit of determination (lod) was 0.025 micrograms/g. the assay was applied to monitor the elimination ... | 1991 | 1757413 |
| s-layer positive motile aeromonads isolated from channel catfish. | motile aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that can cause motile aeromonad septicemia (mas), a disease which affects channel catfish and can produce significant economic loss. motile aeromonads isolated from commercially-raised channel catfish were screened for production of s-layer protein in order to evaluate its potential role in natural epizootics. the s-layer protein was produced by 14 of 24 (58%) isolates from epizootics evaluated in this study. concomitant infections with other int ... | 1991 | 1758021 |
| experience in shotgun sequencing a 134 kilobase pair dna molecule. | until now, large dna sequences have been obtained by cloning fragments of the target molecule into plasmid, cosmid or bacteriophage lambda vectors. the 134 kbp dna sequence of channel catfish virus was determined with relative ease by shotgun cloning of random fragments of genomic dna directly into a bacteriophage m13 vector, sequencing by dideoxynucleotide chain termination, and compilation of the data using staden's database handling programs. experience gained during this endeavour indicates ... | 1991 | 1768862 |
| biochemical and serological characterization of carnobacterium spp. isolated from farmed and natural populations of striped bass and catfish. | a comparative analysis of the phenotypic and serological properties of carnobacterium strains associated with mortalities of cultured striped bass and channel catfish and the properties of isolates from wild brown bullhead catfish in the chesapeake bay area in maryland was conducted. all of the strains were gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile, non-spore-forming rods occurring singly or in short chains. they did not produce cytochrome oxidase or catalase, did not reduce nitrate, fai ... | 1991 | 1781676 |
| the genome of human herpesvirus 6: maps of unit-length and concatemeric genomes for nine restriction endonucleases. | more than 50 fragments resulting from complete digestion of the dna of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6, strain u1102) with bamhi, ecori, hindiii, kpni, nrui, sali or smai have been isolated as clones in m13, plasmid, cosmid and lambda vectors. using these clones, maps have been constructed for the fragments produced by nine restriction enzymes from unit-length virus genomes and from their concatemeric precursors. the unit-length genome is a linear, double-stranded molecule of 161.5 kbp composed of a ... | 1991 | 1846644 |
| spontaneous development of functionally active long-term monocytelike cell lines from channel catfish. | during the course of studies involving the in vitro manipulation of channel catfish peripheral blood leukocytes, spontaneous proliferation was observed with unexpectedly high frequency. propagation of these spontaneously proliferating cells has resulted in the development of long-term (greater than 11 mo.) cell lines which stain positively for nonspecific esterase and peroxidase, are phagocytic for latex beads, and morphologically resemble mammalian monocytes or macrophages. these long-term cell ... | 1991 | 1856153 |
| granulomatous inflammation and monstrous giant cells in response to intraperitoneal hormone implants in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | plastic implants (2.7 mm maximum dimension) of an ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer (evac) matrix, containing inulin, bovine serum albumin (bsa) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh), were covered with impervious evac and then surgically placed into the peritoneal cavity of 1-year-old channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. in fish kept in cold water (13 degrees c), 10 per cent of the implants per month were encapsulated by granulation tissue. in fish kept in warm water (27 degrees c), 20 p ... | 1991 | 1865025 |
| evolution of herpesvirus thymidine kinases from cellular deoxycytidine kinase. | the thymidine kinases encoded by herpesviruses of higher vertebrates form a distinct group and are unrelated to the thymidine kinases (tks) of other organisms. their evolutionary source has not been identified, but our analysis has revealed a clear relationship with a sequence of human deoxycytidine kinase (dck) published recently. we report the sequence of the putative tk of channel catfish virus, a herpesvirus of a lower vertebrate, and show that it is also related to dck. we propose, therefor ... | 1991 | 1919533 |
| measurement and prediction of digestible energy values in feedstuffs for the herbivorous fish tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linn.). | digestible energy (de) values were measured in a selection of feedstuffs for the tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linn.) and used to develop equations for predicting de values of a wider range of feedstuffs from chemical analyses. preliminary work examined the influences of substitution level in a reference diet and adaptation over time on de values for soya-bean meal. length of adaptation period significantly affected de values (p less than 0.01), but substitution level, over the range 200-600 g ... | 1991 | 1931904 |
| heavy chain variable region gene families evolved early in phylogeny. ig complexity in fish. | the v regions of channel catfish h chain cdna clones have been analyzed. based upon sequence relationships and hybridization analyses, five different groups of vh genes are identified whose definition is consistent with that of five different vh families. genomic southern blots indicate that as many as 100 different germ-line vh genes are likely represented by these families. the sequence diversity between identified members of these different families is similar in magnitude to the divergence r ... | 1991 | 1988492 |
| fish mortality in the mississippi catfish farming industry in 1988: causes and treatments. | the 1988 fish mortality summary for the catfish (ictalurus punctatus) industry in mississippi is presented. in 1988, 2,456 cases were submitted to mississippi cooperative extension service fish disease laboratories at belzoni and stoneville. bacterial infection caused by edwardsiella ictaluri was the leading cause of catfish mortality. descriptions and treatments are presented for bacterial, parasitic, viral and other diseases affecting mississippi farm-raised catfish in 1988. | 1991 | 2023314 |
| in vitro responses of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, neutrophils to edwardsiella ictaluri. | the in vitro responses of channel catfish peripheral blood neutrophils to edwardsiella ictaluri were examined through the use of phagocytic, bactericidal, and chemiluminescent assays. evidence from both light and electron microscopy indicate that catfish neutrophils appeared to phagocytose e. ictaluri. although extracellular killing of e. ictaluri was observed, bactericidal assays did not demonstrate intracellular killing of e. ictaluri by neutrophils. catfish neutrophils mount a chemiluminescen ... | 1991 | 2050246 |
| fish cell lines: establishment and characterization of three new cell lines from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | three new cell lines were established from tissues of the grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. derived from the fin, snout, and swim bladder of two apparently healthy diploid fry, these cell lines have been designated gcf, gcs-2, and gcsb, respectively. the cells grew at temperatures between 24 degrees and 36 degrees c with optimal growth at 32 degrees c and have been subcultured more than 50 times since their initiation in august 1986. two of the lines remained diploid or pseudodiploid after 38 ... | 1990 | 2108122 |
| effect of size and temperature on the quantity of immunoglobulin in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (ig) were determined for 30 channel catfish from pond water at 10 degrees c. these values were compared to measurements of 15 channel catfish from pond water at 30 degrees c. channel catfish from 10 degrees c pond water had no significant (p greater than 0.05) different ig concentrations (mean, 398 mg/dl) than catfish from 30 degrees c pond water (mean, 367 mg/dl). serum ig concentrations appear not to be different in cold (10 degrees c) vs warm (30 degrees ... | 1990 | 2110694 |
| effect of low-temperature culture and l3t4 antibody on the survival of pancreatic islets xenograft (fish to mouse). | catfish (ictalurus punctatus) islets were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space of diabetic c57bl/6j mice. the xenograft mean survival time (mst) of islets cultured for 6 days at 24 degrees c was 4.9 +/- 0.5 days, while xenotransplantation of 1-hour-cultured islets did not restore normoglycemia in the diabetic mice. a modest but significant prolongation of the mst was obtained by administration of anti-l3t4 monoclonal antibody to the recipients (13.4 +/- 2.1 days). anti-l3t4 in conjuncti ... | 1990 | 2116970 |
| membrane damage to escherichia coli and bactericidal kinetics by the alternative complement pathway of channel catfish. | 1. increased permeability of cytoplasmic membranes in escherichia coli was a consequence of alternative complement pathway (acp) activity of serum of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. evidence was provided by beta-galactosidase activity extracellularly when e. coli was incubated with catfish serum. 2. lesions were detected on outer membranes of e. coli following exposure to catfish serum. 3. catfish acp induced a temporal sequence of pre-killing and killing phases. 4. loss of cell viability, ... | 1990 | 2286064 |
| a protein kinase-related gene within the channel catfish herpesvirus genome. | | 1990 | 2349101 |
| differences in the phagocytosis of four bacteria by channel catfish neutrophils. | the purpose of this study was to compare the phagocytosis of aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella ictaluri, edwardsiella tarda and micrococcus luteus by channel catfish neutrophils. various aspects of opsonization effect and bactericidal ability of channel catfish neutrophils were investigated. percent phagocytosis ranged from a low of 1% to a high of 91%. the highest percent phagocytosis and phagocytic indices routinely occurred with normal serum and were highest for m. luteus (91.78%, 55.25) and ... | 1990 | 2369968 |
| identification of a putative antigen receptor on fish nonspecific cytotoxic cells with monoclonal antibodies. | in the present study mab were derived against flow cytometry (fcm) purified fish (ictalurus punctatus) nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc). mab 5c6.10.4 and 6d3.2.10 produced 60 to 65% inhibition of lysis of nc-37 target cells (a human b-lymphoblastoid cell line) by unfractionated ncc. mab 2b2.4.9 and 6d3.4.4 were noninhibitors of cytotoxicity. all mab were the same isotype (igm) and were cloned by limiting dilution (2x). inhibitory activity was specific for the effector cells because the mab had ... | 1988 | 2454262 |
| immunoglobulin heavy h chain isotypes in a teleost fish. | three mouse mab were derived which identified different populations of the approximately 700,000-da tetrameric ig of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). immunoprecipitation analyses using the three mab in various combinations showed that the catfish ig population identified by each mab was antigenically distinct. each ig population contained both classes of catfish l chains (f and g). solid-phase binding assays indicated that the mabs preferentially identified h chains rather than l chains. c ... | 1988 | 2456346 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of channel catfish heavy chain cdna indicate phylogenetic diversity within the igm immunoglobulin family. | catfish cdna libraries were constructed using the poly(a+) rna obtained from in vitro stimulated catfish leukocytes. antigenic analysis with different antisera to catfish ig resulted in the definition of cdna clones encoding the catfish h chain. sequence analysis confirmed that the catfish h chain was definitively identified, based on its similarities with chicken and mouse mu chains. two clones were each shown to encode part of the ch2 domain, the complete ch3 and ch4 domains, the c-terminus, a ... | 1989 | 2492581 |
| activation of complement by different immunoglobulin heavy chain isotypes of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | the approximately 750,000 mol. wt tetrameric ab population from catfish immunized with sheep erythrocytes (e) was purified and shown to sensitize e to the hemolytic activity of catfish serum complement. catfish complement was heat-labile at 45 degrees c and was hemolytically inactivated by both egta and edta. hemolytic activity of edta treated serum was restored by the addition of both ca+ and mg2+ ions. in comparative assays, the ch50 titers of catfish sera were similar to the ch50 titers of hu ... | 1989 | 2505064 |
| antiprotozoan activity of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) from the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) obtained from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) kill tetrahymena pyriformis, an opportunistic parasite in fish. based upon this fact, a new mechanism for nonspecific cellular anti-parasitic immunity in fish is proposed. optimum in vitro conditions for ncc killing of deciliated t. pyriformis were first obtained. lysis of t. pyriformis by ncc occurred by 10 hr of cocultivation of effector and target cells. during this time period, 50 to 60% cytotoxicity occurr ... | 1985 | 2578055 |
| plasmid homologies in edwardsiella ictaluri. | plasmids from all available non-channel catfish isolates of edwardsiella ictaluri were classified by gel electrophoresis and hybridization methods. all isolates, regardless of source, contained classes of homologous plasmids with similar but not identical sizes. | 1989 | 2619312 |
| dietary influences on disease resistance factors in channel catfish. | the effects of diet on selected disease resistance factors were studied in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). two commercial feeds and a "control," laboratory-prepared diet were compared. macrophage function (phagocytosis and intracellular killing) was used to assess nonspecific disease resistance and serum antibody was measured as an indication of specific immunity. we measured the immune response to edwardsiella ictaluri, a common bacterial pathogen of catfish, as well as the phagocytosis ... | 1989 | 2767308 |
| vertical transmission of channel catfish virus. | channel catfish broodfish were examined nondestructively for the presence of channel catfish virus (ccv), using a nucleic acid-probing technique. a dot blot assay was tested and shown to be accurate and rapid in the diagnosis of ccv. two ccv-positive fish were successfully mated, and fertilized eggs were collected. offspring that hatched were tested and were shown to have ccv. this result indicated vertical transmission of ccv, a herpesvirus. | 1988 | 2851954 |
| molecular cloning of fragments of the channel catfish virus (herpesviridae) genome and expression of the encoded mrna during infection. | eleven ecori dna fragments from the genome of an isolate of channel catfish virus (ccv) were cloned into the bacterial vector puc19. the cloned dna fragments ranged in size from approximately 200 base pairs to greater than 5,400 base pairs and accounted for about 13.5% of the 130,000-base pair ccv genome. nine of these ccv dna fragments encoded sequences that were expressed during late ccv infection. channel catfish (total length, 4 cm) injected with ccv expressed ccv mrna at detectable amounts ... | 1988 | 2854708 |
| blood serum chemistry measurements of normal and acutely stressed channel catfish. | 1. an automated blood serum chemistry analytical system designed for human usage was employed to establish the levels of 26 different components present in sera obtained from various experimental groups of channel catfish. 2. comparisons of samples from feral and commercial production pond fish during warm months indicated statistically significant differences in the serum levels of sodium, co2, urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine and protein. 3. laboratory acclimated and pr ... | 1987 | 2892633 |
| hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | 1. several pathways of drug metabolizing enzymic activity were measured in hepatic fractions of the channel catfish and rat using model substrates. the pathways examined included the o-demethylation of p-nitroanisole, microsomal ester hydrolysis of procaine and glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol, and the cytosolic acetylation of sulfamethazine and sulfation of 2-naphthol. catfish liver preparations were incubated at both 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. 2. the oxidative metabolism of p-nitrophenol w ... | 1988 | 2898990 |
| temperature mediated processes in teleost immunity: differential abilities of channel catfish t and b lymphocytes to cap membrane antigen. | 1. the effect of both in vivo acclimation temperature and in vitro assay temperatures on channel catfish t and b lymphocyte membrane antigen (mag) capping were investigated to determine if capping might be the temperature sensitive step involved in the low temperature immunosuppression of channel catfish t cell responses. 2. flow cytometry was used to monitor the kinetics of capping induced by a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab 11g3) specific for a common antigenic determinant present on channel c ... | 1988 | 2900093 |
| comparative properties of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and blue crab (callinectes sapidus) acetylcholinesterases. | 1. acetylcholinesterases (aches) from channel catfish and blue crabs were examined for substrate preference, kms, effects of inhibitors, and ph and osmotic activity profiles. 2. similarities were noted for substrate preference along with ph and osmotic optima. 3. crab ache had a lower km (9 x 10(-5) vs 2 x 10(-4) m) and was more sensitive in terms of ki50s than fish ache to eserine (2.6 x 10(-7) vs 3 x 10(-7) m), malathion (4.5 x 10(-5) vs 1.6 x 10(-4) m) and parathion (6.9 x 10(-5) vs 7 x 10(-4 ... | 1988 | 2905945 |
| lipid characterization and 14c-acetate metabolism in catfish taste epithelium. | the catfish, ictalurus punctatus is an important model system for the study of the biochemical mechanisms of taste reception. a detailed lipid analysis of epithelial tissue from the taste organ (barbel) of the catfish has been performed. polar lipids account for 62 +/- 1% of the total, neutrals for 38 +/- 1%. phosphatidyl-cholines, serines and ethanolamines are the major constituents of the polar fraction. plasmalogen concentration is high relative to that of non-neural tissues. [14c]-acetate is ... | 1989 | 2912767 |
| in vitro effect of acyclovir and other antiherpetic compounds on the replication of channel catfish virus. | the antiviral effect of acyclovir (acv; 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine) on the replication of channel catfish virus (ccv), a poikilothermic herpesvirus, in brown bullhead cells (bb) was studied in vitro. acyclovir at concentrations of 2 microm and 10 microm produced a 95 to 99% reduction in plaque numbers, respectively. at 10 microm acv did not affect the growth of uninfected bb cells which could even be subcultured for four passages in the presence of the inhibitor. to be effective acv had to ... | 1985 | 2932997 |
| channel catfish virus: use of nucleic acids in studying viral relationships. | restriction digestion patterns were used to determine differences in the dna of various isolates of channel catfish virus (ccv). all viruses were different from each other and from the type strain of ccv. the differences in the digestion patterns were used to relate the viruses quantitatively as to sequence divergence between all pairs of viruses. a range of values from 104 nucleotide changes to 1,690 nucleotide changes/total dna of ccv was found for the various pairs. a cladistic analysis produ ... | 1986 | 3021032 |
| uptake of channel catfish virus from water by channel catfish and bluegills. | radiolabeled channel catfish virus entered the gills of juvenile channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and was then concentrated in the gut and the liver over 48 hours. diminution of radioactivity was not detected in these tissues over the course of the experiment. bluegills (lepomis macrochirus) were capable of clearing the virus during a period of 48 hours. [3h]thymidine alone had a different distribution in the channel catfish than did labeled virus. | 1987 | 3032024 |
| rapid plasmid analysis for identification of edwardsiella ictaluri from infected channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | eighteen different strains of edwardsiella ictaluri isolated from infected channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were screened to determine whether plasmid dna was present. two plasmids of 5,700 and 4,900 base pairs were identified. restriction enzyme analysis showed that each of the strains harbored these same two plasmids. restriction maps of the separated plasmids indicated that these plasmids were not closely related to each other. a rapid screening technique was developed that would allow t ... | 1987 | 3038017 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of tetracycline- and oxytetracycline-resistant aeromonas hydrophila from cultured channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and their environments. | oxytetracycline-resistant (otcr) and tetracycline-resistant (tcr) aeromonas hydrophila were isolated commonly from catfish intestinal contents and the water and sediment of catfish culture ponds, but less frequently in market catfish. isolates demonstrated two resistance phenotypes, tcr otcr and tcs otcr, when plated directly on to macconkey agar containing 30 micrograms of tetracycline or oxytetracycline per ml. tcs otcr isolates expressed tcr after induction by 1 h of growth in tryptic soy bro ... | 1988 | 3046493 |
| preferential expression of catfish light chain immunoglobulin isotypes in anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies. | previous studies indicated that immunoglobulins of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, contained two distinct isotypes of light chains. these different light chains, designated f and g, are reminiscent of kappa and lambda light chains of higher animals. this study was undertaken to establish whether or not there was preferential expression of one of the light chains in antibodies induced to the dinitrophenyl moiety during the course of the catfish humoral antibody response. the results ind ... | 1986 | 3091701 |
| henneguya exilis kudo associated with granulomatous branchitis of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). | outbreaks of a chronic branchitis in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque) were observed on four fish farms throughout the state of california from november 1982 to april 1984. severe granulomatous inflammation of the gill filaments with necrosis of the cartilage of the gill ray and diffuse epithelial hyperplasia, resulting in extensive fusion of gill lamellae, was present on histologic examination of gill specimens from 35 out of 44 fish examined. numerous, small trophozoites morphol ... | 1986 | 3092431 |
| isolation and molecular weight determination of two immunoglobulin heavy chains in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), a teleost fish, were immunized over a 4 month period with 4 intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (bsa) in freund's adjuvant. the catfish anti-bsa antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). by elution of catfish anti-bsa antibody from bsa-affinity columns with 3.0 m kscn and subsequent sds-page, two immunoglobulin heavy chains were demonstrated in the c ... | 1986 | 3095021 |
| comparative aspects of hepatic udp-glucuronosyltransferases and glutathione s-transferases in bluegill and channel catfish. | 1. microsomal udp-glucuronosyltransferases (udpgts) and cytosolic glutathione s-transferases (gsts) were examined in bluegill (lepomis macrochirus r.) and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus r.) liver. 2. hepatic udpgt activity was of a similar magnitude in both species and was markedly increased by the addition of 0.05-0.2% triton x-100, however, optimal estimates of activity were obtained when 0.1% detergent was used. 3. both species exhibited hepatic gst activity toward several structurally ... | 1987 | 3117483 |
| immune response of channel catfish to ciliary antigens of ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | channel catfish were rendered immune to the protozoan pathogen, ichthyophthirius multifiliis, by exposure to sublethal infections. sera from test animals were then screened for antibodies against the parasite using enzyme-linked immunoassays. ichthyophthirius cilia were blotted onto nitrocellulose filters and reacted with catfish sera, followed by rabbit anti-catfish ig antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase. subsequent color development revealed the presence of anti-ciliary antibodies in ... | 1988 | 3139473 |
| ichthyophthirius (ciliophora): population studies suggest reproduction in host epithelium. | evidence that ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts may reproduce within the epithelium of the host was obtained from experimental infections of channel catfish. mean number of parasites spontaneously leaving the fish increased from 0 on day 3 postexposure (pe) to 66.5 per fish on day 7 pe. mean population density in fin, however, increased five-fold from day 3 to day 5 pe in the absence of opportunity for reinfection. at day 3 pe, 100% of parasite loci in fin and gill arches contained solitary ... | 1988 | 3143828 |
| antarctic fish tubulins: heterogeneity, structure, amino acid compositions and charge. | 1. tubulins purified from the brain tissues of three antarctic fishes (notothenia gibberifrons, notothenia coriiceps neglecta, and chaenocephalus aceratus) contain equimolar quantities of the alpha and beta chains and are free of microtubule-associated proteins (maps) and other non-tubulin proteins. 2. when examined by isoelectric focusing and by two-dimensional electrophoresis, brain tubulins from the antarctic fishes were found to be highly heterogeneous; each was resolved into 15-20 distinct ... | 1988 | 3180738 |
| isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning of cryptic plasmids isolated from edwardsiella ictaluri. | fifty-five isolates of edwardsiella ictaluri were examined for the presence of plasmid dna by a rapid alkaline extraction procedure. all 49 isolates from channel catfish and a single isolate from bengal danio carried 2 plasmids with molecular masses of approximately 3.2 and 3.7 megadaltons (mdal). five e ictaluri isolates from other fish contained 1 to 3 plasmids, which had molecular masses ranging from 2.5 to 45 mdal. the 2 plasmids (3.2 and 3.7 mdal) from the type strain of e ictaluri (atcc 33 ... | 1988 | 3247906 |
| phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity: identification and separation of functionally distinct subpopulations of channel catfish lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to identify monoclonal antibodies reactive with channel catfish t cells. since a variety of commercially available anti-human and mouse t cell reagents failed to react with channel catfish leucocytes, the development of anti-fish t cell monoclonal antibodies was undertaken. one of these reagents, designated mab 13c10, reacted with channel catfish surface immunoglobulin negative, but not positive, lymphocytes. this reagent, when used in "panning" protocols, was able ... | 1987 | 3326758 |
| antimicrobials and fish: a review of drugs used to treat bacterial diseases of channel catfish and rainbow trout. | the principal bacterial diseases of cultured rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and the antibacterials used in their treatment are briefly reviewed. gram-negative bacteria predominate, and oxytetracycline is effective in treatment of infections induced by them. the only antibacterials now registered by the us food and drug administration are sulfamerazine for the treatment of furunculosis in trout, and oxytetracycline for the treatment of furunculosis in s ... | 1986 | 3334692 |
| secretory immunity induced in catfish, ictalurus punctatus, following bath immunization. | individual adult channel catfish were immunized by immersion in an antigen bath containing dinitrophenylated-horse serum albumin. anti-dnp hemagglutination titers of serum and cutaneous mucus were determined following both primary and secondary bath immunization. the results showed that five of the six fish had a cutaneous mucosal anti-dnp titer following the bath immunizations. in contrast, only one of the six catfish was shown to have any demonstrable change in its serum anti-dnp titer followi ... | 1987 | 3440500 |
| cold-stable microtubules from antarctic fishes contain unique alpha tubulins. | the cytoplasmic microtubules of antarctic fishes assemble from their tubulin subunits at physiological body temperatures in the range -2 to +2 degrees c. our objective is to determine the structural features that enhance the assembly of antarctic fish tubulins at low temperatures. here we compare the structures of tubulin subunits from three antarctic fishes (notothenia gibberifrons, notothenia coriiceps neglecta, and chaenocephalus aceratus), from three temperate fishes (the dogfish shark muste ... | 1987 | 3597376 |
| channel catfish culture methods used in the united states. | | 1987 | 3617444 |
| bioaccumulation factor for 32p measured in bluegill, lepomis macrochirus, and catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | the ratio of the bioaccumulation factors for 32p and phosphorus was determined for edible tissue in two species of freshwater fish by measuring the specific activity (32p activity per milligram phosphorus) in muscle relative to feed. the 32p tracer was added to the feed at a uniform level throughout the study. feeding was at two levels: ad libitum and at a lower but constant intake per body weight. in the main experiment, bluegill were maintained in a large flow-through tank and sacrificed at ap ... | 1987 | 3654227 |
| effect of water temperature on the clinical outcome of infection with edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish. | channel catfish fingerlings (mean body weight, 19 +/- 3 g each) were given intraperitoneal inoculations of edwardsiella ictaluri suspensions of 10(4), 10(5), or 10(6) bacteria. control fish were inoculated intraperitoneally with sterile 0.85% nacl solution. ten-day trials were conducted at water temperatures of 17, 21, 23, 25, 28, and 32 c. differences in mortality between e ictaluri-infected fish and fish used as controls were observed at water temperatures of 23, 25, and 28 c, but not at tempe ... | 1987 | 3692982 |
| transition metal-binding proteins from three chesapeake bay fish species. | three species of chesapeake bay fish were collected, and endogenous levels of metal binding protein (mbp) were determined. in addition, the induction of metal-binding proteins by cadmium was studied. livers from freshly caught fish were extracted and chromatographed on sephadex g-75 to resolve mbp in the 5 to 20 kdalton range. all species studied exhibit measurable but varied levels of endogenous mbps in the molecular weight range investigated, mostly as a copper protein complex. upon induction ... | 1986 | 3709435 |
| heterogeneity and structure of brain tubulins from cold-adapted antarctic fishes. comparison to brain tubulins from a temperate fish and a mammal. | tubulins purified from brain tissue of antarctic fishes assemble in vitro to form microtubules at the low temperatures experienced by these extreme psychrophiles (williams, r. c., jr., correia, j. j., and devries, a. l. (1985) biochemistry 24, 2790-2798). we have initiated studies to determine the structural requirements for assembly of antarctic fish tubulins at low temperatures. as a first step we have compared the heterogeneity, structures, amino acid compositions, and net charge of brain tub ... | 1986 | 3733739 |
| responses to reversed nh3 and nh4+ gradients in a teleost (ictalurus punctatus), an elasmobranch (raja erinacea), and a crustacean (callinectes sapidus):evidence for nh4+/h+ exchange in the teleost and the elasmobranch. | ammonia excretion rates of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, little skate (raja erinacea), and blue crab (callinectes sapidus) were measured in experimental regimes which permitted simultaneous assessment of the partial pressure gradients for nonionized nh3 and the chemical concentration gradients of nh4+. under conditions of low external ammonia, the average ammonia excretion was +295 microm kg-1 h-1 for catfish, +149 microm kg-1 h-1 for blue crabs, and +59 microm kg-1 h1 for skates with pa ... | 1986 | 3746231 |
| influence of route of administration on the humoral response of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) to yersinia ruckeri. | channel catfish were inoculated intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or intraesophageally with yersinia ruckeri. three antigen doses were administered by each route of injection. four fish from each treatment were sacrificed at 5-day intervals for 40 days. serum from each individual was tested for antibody activity against y. ruckeri by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). high titers of anti-y. ruckeri antibody were elicited by all doses (10(5) to 10(9) cells/g of fish) regardless ... | 1986 | 3765339 |
| modulary effects of temperature on antibody response and specific resistance to challenge of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, immunized against edwardsiella ictaluri. | the effects of various temperature treatments on the level of the humoral antibody response in channel catfish immunized with formalin killed edwardsiella ictaluri was determined in laboratory controlled experiments. immunized fish that were held at 25 degrees c for 30 days and 12 degrees c for an additional 30 days had higher antibody titers, and were more protected upon challenge, than immunized fish held at 25 degrees c for 60 days. also immunized catfish held at 25 degrees c for 5 or 10 days ... | 1986 | 3765350 |
| morphological and biochemical properties of four members of a novel group of reoviruses isolated from aquatic animals. | the morphological, biochemical and growth characteristics of four members of the reoviridae, three from the fish hosts, golden shiner (notemigonus crysoleucas), chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and one from american oyster (crassostrea virginica), were compared. electron microscopy of negatively stained virions revealed icosahedral particles approximately 75 nm in diameter composed of a double capsid. complete particles had buoyant densities in cscl of 1. ... | 1987 | 3819694 |
| nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish (ictalurus punctatus). v. metabolic requirements of lysis. | the mechanisms of lysis of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) from the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were studied by determining the effects of various inhibitors of cellular metabolism on cytolysis of nc-37 human lymphoma target cells. inhibition of ncc-mediated lysis by dinitrophenol (dnp) and sodium azide (nan3) indicated a requirement for cellular energy metabolism. cytochalasin b, an inhibitor of microfilaments, and monensin, an inhibitor of cellular secretion, both prevented lysis b ... | 1985 | 3926551 |
| [ambiphyra ameiuri--a dangerous parasite of ictalurus punctatus rafinesque]. | a description of the ectoparasitic ciliate of the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus, ambiphrya ameiuri, is given. various medicinal preparations were tested in order to control a. ameiuri. potassium permanganate in the dose of 10 g/m3 for 1 hour is most effective. | 1985 | 3937119 |
| abnormal folate metabolism in feed-related anemia of cultured channel catfish. | "no-blood disease" is a severe, feed-related anemia of channel catfish. pathological features in advanced cases include almost total absence of circulating red blood cells, hepatic fatty change, megaloblastic arrest of hematopoiesis, and intussusceptions of the small intestine. in view of similarities to folate deficiency in man studies were made regarding the intake and metabolism of folic acid. when a bacterial culture medium, containing inorganic salts and folic acid as the sole carbon source ... | 1986 | 3945624 |
| elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune responses in channel catfish. | channel catfish fingerlings were fed purified diets containing 0 to 3000 mg/kg of ascorbic acid until external signs of scurvy were seen in the fish fed the ascorbic acid-deficient diet. at this time, resistance to bacterial infection, antibody production, complement activity and phagocytic activity were assessed for fish from the various dietary treatments. mortality rates of fish experimentally infected with edwardsiella ictaluri, the bacterium causing enteric septicemia in channel catfish, de ... | 1985 | 3965664 |
| growth of brown bullhead (bb) and other fish cell lines on microcarriers and the production of channel catfish virus (ccv). | the growth of brown bullhead (bb) fish cells and other poikilothermic cell lines on four commercially available brands of microcarrier beads was evaluated. three of the microcarriers carry a positive surface charge, while the fourth carries a negative surface charge. the four microcarriers vary in their capacity to support the growth of the bb cells and other poikilothermic cell lines tested. the polyacrylamide beads by bio-rad and the polystyrene beads by nunc were found to best support the gro ... | 1985 | 3980665 |
| chemiluminescence by peripheral blood phagocytes from channel catfish: function of opsonin and temperature. | the ability of the peripheral blood phagocytes from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, to produce chemiluminescence (cl) following ingestion of the enteric pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri was evaluated under a variety of opsonic and temperature conditions. the cl response was influenced by the concentration of immune serum used to opsonize the bacteria as well as the presence of nonspecific, heat labile opsonins. peak light emissions were diminished and the time to peak response was increased ... | 1985 | 4018342 |
| covalent structure and affinity of channel catfish anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies. | serum antibody (ab) of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, is predominantly a tetrameric, approximately 700,000-dalton protein. this tetrameric ab dissociates into 8 distinctive subpopulations, each composed of equimolar heavy and light chains, when in the presence of denaturing solvents. the present studies utilizing purified anti-dnp abs obtained from catfish monitored for either short (1-2 months) or long (1-2 years) periods post-primary immunization with dinitrophenylated horse serum album ... | 1985 | 4047045 |
| mobilization and activation of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) infected with ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | channel catfish demonstrate a shift in the tissue distribution of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) when infected with the protozoan parasite, ichthyophthirius multifiliis. ncc, isolated from head kidney (hk) tissues (hemopoietic organ) or peripheral blood leukocytes, were assessed for cytotoxic activity against nc-37 (a transformed mammalian cell line). ncc activity from hk tissue of moribund i. multifiliis-infected fish was depressed compared to hk-ncc activity in uninfected or i. multifillis- ... | 1985 | 4064624 |
| channel catfish virus: a new herpesvirus of ictalurid fish. | channel catfish virus was studied in ictalurid fish cell culture, the only system of fish, amphibian, avian, and mammalian cells found to be susceptible. channel catfish virus infection resulted in intranuclear inclusions and extensive syncytium formation. replication occurred from 10 to 33 c, but not higher. best growth was from 25 to 33 c, and the amount of virus released nearly equalled the amount which remained cell-associated. the virus was labile to lipid solvents, and indirect determinati ... | 1971 | 4108571 |