| parasitic ciliata at the ctenopharyngodon idella val., hypophthalmichthys molitrix val. and aristichthys nobilis rich. in ponds. | | 1976 | 827857 |
| a cost benefit analysis of fish culture strategy towards the control of mansonioides in shertallai, kerala state. | the cost benefit analysis of fish culture as a means for vector control towards the containment of brugian filariasis in shertallai, a highly endemic tract for this disease in kerala was carried out. while the financial gain accrued to the community was to the tune of rs. 1,82,052 in ponds (under monoculture) with chinese grass carp from 763 ponds, it was rs. 1,83,740 from 1000 ponds under polyculture with catla catla, cyprinus carpio, labeo rohita, labeo fimbriatus, cirrhina mrigala and ctenoph ... | 1992 | 1506068 |
| the advantages of mosquito biocontrol by stocking edible fish in rice paddies. | edible fish stocked in rice fields at a density of 600-800 fry per mu (1 mu = 1/15 hectare) for 150-170 days may act as an effective mosquito biocontrol agent. common carp (cyprinus carpio), grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella) and tilopia spp. killed late stage larvae and pupae of anopheles sinensis and culex tritaeniorrhyncus in laboratory and field trials. stocking of fish in experimental rice fields decreased larval numbers significantly in comparison with control areas. expansion of fish sto ... | 1991 | 1818398 |
| immunohistochemical localization of urotensin i and other neuropeptides in the caudal neurosecretory system of three species of teleosts and two species of elasmobranchs. | in three species of teleosts - carp cyprinus carpio; grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella; and crucian carp carassius auratus - the caudal neurosecretory system displays small, medium-sized and large neurons. urotensin i (ui)-immunoreactive and ui-nonreactive neurons were found in all three groups; in general, the number of the latter neurons exceeded that of the former. noteworthy are: (i) ui-immunoreactive fibers in the caudal spinal cord and (ii) dense accumulations of ui-immunoreactive product ... | 1986 | 2424610 |
| studies on gill parasitosis of the grasscarp (ctenopharyngodon idella) caused by dactylogyrus lamellatus achmerov, 1952. | | 1972 | 4669290 |
| studies on gill parasitosis of the grasscarp (ctenopharyngodon idella) caused by dactylogyrus lamellatus achmerow, 1952. ii. epizootiology. | | 1971 | 5152840 |
| studies on gill parasitosis of the grasscarp (ctenopharyngodon idella) caused by dactylogyrus lamellatus achmerow, 1952. 3. therapy and control. | | 1971 | 5152841 |
| studies on gill parasitosis of the grasscarp (ctenopharyngodon idella) caused by dactylogyrus lamellatus achmerow, 1952. i. morphology and biology of dactylogyrus lamellatus. | | 1971 | 5168591 |
| characterization and expression analysis of tnf-related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail) in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | trail (apo2 ligand) described as a type ii transmembrane protein belonging to the tnf superfamily can induce apoptotic cell death in a variety of cell types. in the present study, a putative cdna sequence encoding the 299 amino acids of trail (gc-trail) and its genomic organization were identified in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the predicted gc-trail sequence showed 44 and 41% identities to chicken and human trails, respectively. in a domain search, a tumor necrosis factor homology domai ... | 2006 | 16216337 |
| light and scanning electron microscopic study of balantidium ctenopharyngodoni chen, 1955 (class: litostomatea) from china. | redescription of balantidium ctenopharyngodoni "chen (acta hydrobiol sin 1:123-164, 1955)", collected from the hindgut of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), especially the segment of 6-10 cm upstream from the anus, from honghu lake, hubei province, central china in november 2005, is presented in this paper to complete chen's description at both light and scanning electron microscopic levels. some revisions were done: the vestibulum is fairly symmetrical, with compactly arranged cilia rather t ... | 2007 | 17265089 |
| cloning, characterization and expression analysis of simp (source of immunodominant mhc-associated peptides) in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | simp (source of immunodominant mhc-associated peptides) plays a key role in n-linked glycosylation with the active site of oligosaccharyltransferase, being the source of mhc-peptides in the mhc i presentation pathway. in the present study, the simp gene has been cloned from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full length of the cdna sequence is 4384bp, including a 1117bp 5' utr (untranslated region), a 2418bp open reading frame, and a 849bp 3' utr. ... | 2008 | 18407520 |
| sox genes in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) with their implications for genome duplication and evolution. | the sox gene family is found in a broad range of animal taxa and encodes important gene regulatory proteins involved in a variety of developmental processes. we have obtained clones representing the hmg boxes of twelve sox genes from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the four major domestic carps in china. the cloned sox genes belong to group b1, b2 and c. our analyses show that whereas the human genome contains a single copy of sox4, sox11 and sox14, each of these genes has two co-or ... | 2006 | 17129566 |
| intelectin gene from the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella: cdna cloning, tissue expression, and immunohistochemical localization. | the cdna encoding grass carp intelectin was isolated from a head kidney cdna library, and termed gcintl. the deduced amino acid sequence of gcintl consists of 318 amino acids, and about 55% identical and 74% similar to human intelectin, which is a new type of lectin recognizing galactofuranose, and plays a role in the recognition of bacteria-specific components in animal hosts. the gcintl gene consists of seven exons and six introns, spacing over approximately 3 kb of genomic sequence. phylogene ... | 2007 | 17101278 |
| the first non-mammalian cxcr3 in a teleost fish: gene and expression in blood cells and central nervous system in the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | a novel fish chemokine receptor gene, chemokine (c-x-c motif) receptor 3 (cxcr3)-like was isolated from the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella, with its full-length genomic sequence. the cdna of grass carp cxcr3-like (gccxcr3-like) consists of 1261 bp with a 49 bp 5'-utr and a 189bp 3'-utr. an open reading frame of 1023 bp encodes a 341-amino acid peptide, with seven transmembrane helices. the deduced amino acid sequence showed the same sequence identities (37.8%) with its counterparts in goat a ... | 2007 | 16930712 |
| identification of immune genes in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella in response to infection of the parasitic copepod sinergasilus major. | the parasitic copepod sinergasilus major is an important pathogen of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. to understand the immune response of grass carp to the copepod infection, suppression subtractive hybridization method was employed to characterize genes up-regulation during the copepod infection in liver and gills of the fish. one hundred and twenty-two dot blot positive clones from infected subtracted library were sequenced. searching available databases by using these nucleotide sequences ... | 2005 | 15868187 |
| stearoyl-coa desaturase expression and fatty acid composition in milkfish (chanos chanos) and grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) during cold acclimation. | desaturation of fatty acids is an important adaptation mechanism for fish to maintain membrane fluidity under thermal stress. to comprehend the temperature adaptation mechanism in fish, we investigated the difference in the changes of stearoyl-coa desaturase expression and fatty acid composition between milkfish and grass carp under cold acclimation. we find that in both fish the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids at 15 degrees c are all higher than those at 25 degrees c. in milkfish delta(9 ... | 2005 | 15820139 |
| the gene and virus-induced expression of irf-5 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | the interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf-5) is known to be involved in the innate immune response and in the regulation of dna damage-induced apoptosis. in the present study, the cdna and genomic sequences of irf-5 were identified in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the cdna of grass carp irf-5 (gcirf-5) contains an open reading frame (orf) of 1560 nucleotides, encoding a putative 519 amino acid protein, which showed 34.5-83.9% identity to irf-5 homologues from mammals, amphibian, avian and ... | 2010 | 19896215 |
| antibiotic resistance pattern of motile aeromonads from farm raised fresh water fish. | motile aeromonads isolated from the intestines of farm-raised freshwater fish such as catla catla, labeo rohita and ctenopharyngodon idella have been characterized to species level. morphological and physiological grouping revealed 61% aeromonas hydrophila, 30% aeromonas caviae, 7% aeromonas sobria and 2% which remained unidentified. hemolytic activity was detected mostly in a. hydrophila, while only half of the a. sobria and a. caviae showed this activity. antibiotic resistance patterns of the ... | 2005 | 15747443 |
| feeding ecology and food composition of the black carp mylopharyngodon piceus and the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella inhabiting the fish pond of al-abbassa fish hatchery with emphasis given to vector snails. | stomach contents of m. piceus and c. idella collected from earthen fish ponds at al-abbassa fish hatchery during different seasons were examined. food items were analyzed by three methods; the numerical (n%) percentage of point assessment (p%) and frequency of occurrence (f%). a comparison of the different methods emphasized the importance of snails as the major food resources in the diet of m. piceus during all seasons. during winter, stomachs of the most fish samples collected from fish ponds ... | 2004 | 15287186 |
| molecular phylogeny of congeneric monogenean parasites (dactylogyrus): a case of intrahost speciation. | dactylogyrus species (dactylogyridae: monogenea) are a group of monogenean gill parasites that are highly specific to freshwater fish of the family cyprinidae. dactylogyrus species were sampled from 19 cyprinids and one percid collected in europe. using partial 18s rdna and its1 sequences, a phylogeny of 51 dactylogyrus species was reconstructed to investigate the patterns of parasite speciation and diversification. three main dactylogyrus lineages were recognized from all phylogenetic trees, th ... | 2004 | 15212381 |
| cdna nucleotide sequence coding for stearoyl-coa desaturase and its expression in the zebrafish (danio rerio) embryo. | a cdna sequence of stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) was determined from zebrafish (danio rerio) and compared to the corresponding genes in several teleosts. zebrafish scd cdna has a size of 1,061 bp, encodes a polypeptide of 325 amino acids, and shares 88, 85, 84, and 83% similarities with tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus), grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and milkfish (chanos chanos), respectively. this 1,061 bp sequence specifies a protein that, in common with ... | 2003 | 14579408 |
| the first non-mammalian cxcr5 in a teleost fish: molecular cloning and expression analysis in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | chemokines, a group of small and structurally related proteins, mediate chemotaxis of various cell types via chemokine receptors. in mammals, seven different cxc chemokine receptors denoted as cxcr1 to cxcr7 have been reported. however, the chemokine receptor cxcr5 has not been reported in other vertebrates. | 2010 | 20504365 |
| toxic and feeding deterrent effects of native aquatic macrophytes on exotic grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | declines of amphibians have been attributed to many factors including habitat degradation. the introduction of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological agent for aquatic plant control in ponds and lakes managed narrowly for human recreation has likely contributed to amphibian declines through massive plant removal and associated habitat simplification and thus degradation. this research examined the interactions among grass carp and three midwestern aquatic plants (jussiaea repens, r ... | 2002 | 12211697 |
| effect of sanguinarine from the leaves of macleaya cordata against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | the ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis is one of the most pathogenic parasites of fish maintained in captivity. in this study, effects of crude extracts, fractions, and compounds from the leaves of macleaya cordata against i. multifiliis were investigated under in vitro conditions by bioactivity-guided isolation method. the dried ethanol extract of m. cordata was extracted successively in a separating funnel with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-butanol. among them, only the ch ... | 2010 | 20625767 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of adenylosuccinate lyase gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | adenylosuccinate lyase (adsl) is a bifunctional enzyme acting in de novo purine synthesis and purine nucleotide recycling. in the present study, we have constructed a grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal cdna library that has over 2.3 × 10(5) primary clones. an expressed sequence tag (est) of grass carp adenylosuccinate lyase (gcadsl) gene was screened from this library. both 5'-race and 3'-race were carried out in order to obtain the complete cdna sequence, which contains a 1,446 bp ... | 2011 | 20857210 |
| the polymorphism and haplotype of tlr3 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and their associations with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have emerged as crucial sensors of invading microbes through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) in viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. the polymorphisms in tlrs are closely associated with the resistance to pathogen infections. tlr3 involved in the recognition of double stranded rna in humans, mice, pigs and fishes. in present study, the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of tlr3 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (citlr3) were in ... | 2010 | 20869445 |
| identification and ultrastructural characterization of a novel virus from fish. | during routine investigations on fish, a virus (isolate df 24/00) with novel morphological features and hitherto undescribed morphogenesis was isolated from a white bream (blicca bjoerkna l.; teleostei, order cypriniformes). cell-free virions consist of a rod-shaped nucleocapsid (120-150x19-22 nm) similar to that seen in baculoviruses. the virion has a bacilliform shape (170-200x75-88 nm) reminiscent of rhabdoviruses with an envelope containing coronavirus-like spikes (20-25 nm). df 24/00 replic ... | 2001 | 11714959 |
| epitheliocystis disease in cultured pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus) in brazil. | epitheliocystis disease was diagnosed in a cultured pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus holmberg, 1893) stock on the basis of gross pathological (greyish-white, pinpoint- or pinhead-sized focal areas, connected strongly to the gill lamellae) and histopathological examinations (hypertrophic cells 10-40 microns in size, having a well-defined wall and a central inclusion or characteristic granular content stained with giemsa). the disease did not occur among fishes (cyprinus carpio l., ctenopharyngodon i ... | 1999 | 10497824 |
| [clostridium bifermentans infection in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella)]. | the outbreak of an infection with clostridium bifermentans in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) from a polyculture fish pond is documented. | 1995 | 7786278 |
| comparative susceptibility of carp fingerlings to lernaea cyprinacea infection. | study was conducted to find out the comparative susceptibility of fingerlings of seven species of carps (labeo fimbriatus, l. rohita, l. calbasu, catla catla, ctenopharyngodon idella, cyprinus carpio and hypophthamichthys molitrix) grown under both mono and polyculture to lernaea cyprinacea infection. under monoculture, c. carpio, l. rohita and l. calbasu, did not acquire lernaea infection and were thus considered resistant, whereas c. idella, h. molitrix, c. catla and l. fimbriatus were suscept ... | 2010 | 21255932 |
| composite fish culture for mosquito control in rice fields in southern india. | composite culture of edible fishes (common carp, cryprinus carpio; silver carp, hypopthalmithys molitrix, grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella; catla, catla catla; rohu, labeo rohita; and mrigal, cirrhinus mrigala) in rice fields in the cauvery delta of tamil nadu, southern india, resulted in 81.0% reduction in the immature mosquito population of anophelines and 83.5% of culicines. analysis of fish feces for mosquito larval head capsules showed that common carp and silver carp are effective larvi ... | 1994 | 7777919 |
| fish cell lines: establishment and characterization of three new cell lines from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | three new cell lines were established from tissues of the grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. derived from the fin, snout, and swim bladder of two apparently healthy diploid fry, these cell lines have been designated gcf, gcs-2, and gcsb, respectively. the cells grew at temperatures between 24 degrees and 36 degrees c with optimal growth at 32 degrees c and have been subcultured more than 50 times since their initiation in august 1986. two of the lines remained diploid or pseudodiploid after 38 ... | 1990 | 2108122 |
| bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of bhopal. | contamination of heavy metals, namely, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, copper, chromium and mercury was evaluated in the samples of water and tissues of labeo rohita and ctenopharyngodon idella of upper lake of bhopal collected during summer, rainy and winter seasons of 2005-2006. different organs of the fishes accumulated varying quantities of different heavy metals. in l. rohita, accumulation of heavy metals was in the sequence liver>kidney>gills>muscles, and in c. idella, it was gills>liver>kidn ... | 2010 | 19123040 |
| hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate and fasting in the herbivorous grass carp ( ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat diet. | we investigated whether the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate and fasting observed in most omnivorous mammals may also apply to herbivorous fish. grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat (8 %) diet exhibited a marked increase in blood lipids and body fat after 6 weeks. they were then treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) in the same high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by fasting for 1 week. plasma lipid concentration, body fat amount, fatty acid composition, plasma thiob ... | 2008 | 18445306 |
| study of apiosoma piscicola (blanchard 1885) occurring on fry of freshwater fishes in hongze, china with consideration of the genus apiosoma. | apiosoma piscicola (blanchard 1885) was reported from fry of carassius auratus (var. pengze) and ctenopharyngodon idella during parasite surveys in may 2005 and june 2006 at hongze lake fish hatchery, jiangsu province, china. twelve morphometric parameters were used to describe this peritrich in detail in the present study and comparisons were made with other reports. its synonyms, glossatella cylindriformis (chen 1955) and apiosoma magna (banina 1968), were clarified based on reliable data. a. ... | 2008 | 18247054 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of changes in serum levels of growth hormone (cgh) in common carps (cyprinus carpio). | the aim of the present study was to purify the common native carp growth hormone (ncgh), produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to common native carp growth hormone (ncgh), and further enhance the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for ncgh. additionally, we investigated changes in serum ncgh levels in carps raised in different environmental conditions. the recombinant grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) growth hormone was purified and used as antigen to immunize the rabbit ... | 2008 | 18239894 |
| molecular identification and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (traf2) is a crucial component of almost the entire tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily signaling pathway. in the present study, a traf2 gene has been cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cdna ends. the full-length cdna is 3162 bp, including a 60 bp 5' untranslated region (utr), a 1611 bp open reading frame, and a 1491 bp 3' utr. the polyadenylation ... | 2007 | 17989877 |
| characterization and expression analysis of tnfr-associated factor 1 (traf1) in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | tnf receptor associated factor 1 (traf1) plays an important role in regulating the tnf signaling and protecting cells from apoptosis. in the present study, a traf1 gene has been cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna is 2235bp, including a 250bp 5' utr (untranslated region), a 1659bp open reading frame, and a 326bp 3' utr. the polyadenylation signal (aataaa, aataa) and one mrna instabili ... | 2008 | 17868904 |
| molecular cloning, promoter analysis and induced expression of the complement component c9 gene in the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | complement-mediated killing of pathogens through lytic pathway is an important effector mechanism of innate immune response. c9 is the ninth member of complement components, creating the membrane attack complex (mac). in the present study, a putative cdna sequence encoding the 650 amino acids of c9 and its genomic organization were identified in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the deduced amino acid sequence of grass carp c9 (gcc9) showed 48% and 38.5% identity to japanese flounder and human ... | 2007 | 17604124 |
| concentrations of pentachlorophenol (pcp) in fish and shrimp in jiangsu province, china. | pentachlorophenol (pcp) concentrations were determined in 55 samples of fish, shrimp, crabs, frogs and turtles collected in jiangsu province and 55 freshwater shrimp samples collected from the huiming fish market, nanjing, china between 2003 and 2004. pcp concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limit (mdl: 0.5 microg/kg ww) to 61 microg/kg ww, with a mean of 5.2 microg/kg ww in 55 samples collected across jiangsu province and a mean of 0.5 microg/kg ww for freshwater shrimp col ... | 2007 | 17537482 |
| natural origins of off-flavours in fish related to feeding habits. | the objective of our study was to survey the accumulated 2-methylisoborneol (mib) and geosmin (gsm) in fillets of five important farmed fish species in hungarian aquaculture in relation to mib and gsm concentrations in water and sediment in the aquatic systems where they were raised: (the planktivorous silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), the herbivorous grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), the bottom-feeding omnivorous common carp (cyprinus carpio), the omnivorous tilapia (oreochromis ni ... | 2007 | 17489423 |
| occurrence of camallanus cotti in greatly diverse fish species from danjiangkou reservoir in central china. | two thousand four hundred fifty-eight fish comprised of 53 species were captured in the danjiangkou reservoir, in the northwestern part of hubei province, central china during 2004, to examine camallanus cotti infections. we found that 19 cypriniform, 3 siluriforme, and 4 perciforme fishes were infected by the nematode. our study revealed the species, hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri, culter oxycephaloide, pseudolaubuca sinensis, acanthobrama simony, mylopharyngodon piceus, ctenopharyngodon idella, ... | 2007 | 17351790 |
| genomic organization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 3 in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) participates in the innate immune response by recognizing viral pathogens. to investigate grass carp immune system responding to gcrv (grass carp reovirus) infection, the full-length cdna sequence and genomic organization of grass carp tlr3 (citlr3) was identified and characterized. the full-length genome sequence of citlr3 is composed of 5668 nucleotides, including five exons and four introns. the full-length of citlr3 cdna is 3681 bp in length and encodes a polypept ... | 2009 | 19545638 |
| glutathione s-transferase as a biomarker in the antarctic bivalve laternula elliptica after exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture aroclor 1254. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in cellular detoxification that catalyze the attachment of electrophilic substrates to glutathione. two classes of gsts related to the rho and sigma classes of enzymes in antarctic bivalves have been cloned from laternula elliptica. the full-length cdna of rho class gst (legstr) is 1530bp in length and contains an open reading frame (orf) of 672bp encoding 223 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequences ... | 2009 | 19651242 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of nuclear oligomerization domain proteins nod1 and nod2 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | nuclear oligomerization domains (nods) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to detect bacterial component. in this study, the molecular cloning and genomic characterization of grass carp nod1 (gcnod1) and grass carp nod2 (gcnod2) were reported. the complete open reading frame of gcnod1 contains 2814 bp, encoding a 937-amino acid polypeptide. the gcnod2 cdna sequence encodes 982-amino acid polypeptide. both gcnod1 and gcnod2 possess three conserved domains: carboxy terminal leucine ... | 2010 | 19766192 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of the ifn-gamma related gene (ifn-gammarel) in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), the only member of the type ii class of interferons, has been identified in teleost fish. in addition to the ifn-gamma gene, fish possess an ifn-gamma related gene (ifn-gammarel) neighbouring the authentic ifn-gamma gene in the genome. in the present study, the cdna sequence encoding 167 amino acids of ifn-gammarel and its genomic organization were identified in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the predicted protein sequence of grass carp ifn-gammarel (gcifn-gamm ... | 2010 | 19800136 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. | the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ... | 2006 | 20035483 |
| molecular cloning and immune responsive expression of mda5 gene, a pivotal member of the rlr gene family from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | the cytoplasmic helicase protein mda5 (melanoma-differentiation-associated gene-5) recognizes long molecules of viral double-stranded rna (dsrna) and single-stranded rna with 5' triphosphate and mediates type i interferon secretion. in the present study, the first mda5 gene in fish was cloned and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the full length of the c. idella mda5 (cimda5) cdna is 3233 nucleotides in length and encodes a polypeptide of 961 amino acids. the deduced amino a ... | 2010 | 20109556 |
| [cloning and functional analysis of the collectin gene from the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella]. | the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) collectin gene was cloned from mixed liver and kidney cdna library. the full length sequence of grass carp collectin was 1128 bp, contained a 5' untranslated region of 229 bp and a 3' untranslated region of 104 bp. the open reading frame of grass carp collectin was 795 bp which could code a 264 amino acids polypeptide, including a terminal codon. phylogenetic analyses showed that grass carp collectin shared the highest homology with that of zebrafish (dan ... | 2010 | 20353088 |
| identification and expression profiling analysis of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella lgp2 cdna. | lgp2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2), a homologue of rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene-i) and mda5 (melanoma differentiation associated gene 5) without the card (caspase activation and recruitment domain) required for signaling, plays a pivotal role in modulating signaling by rig-i and mda5 for interferon (ifn) synthesis. in this study, a novel lgp2 gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as cilgp2) was isolated and characterized. the full-length cdna of cilgp2 was o ... | 2010 | 20420913 |
| molecular identification and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 3 in common carp cyprinus carpio. | the toll-like receptor (tlr) family is an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune system that responds to specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp) during infections. tlr3 is a putative pattern recognition receptor (prr) for dsrna, a common by-product of viral replication. this study reports the identification and characterization of a full-length orthologue of tlr3 (cctlr3) in the common carp cyprinus carpio. it is 2899 base pairs (bp) encoding 904 amino acid residu ... | 2010 | 20557647 |
| simple gas chromatographic method for the quantification of total cholesterol in fish meats. | six fish species-cirrhinus mrigala (morakhi), labeo rohita (danbhro), catla catla (thalli), wallago attu (jarko), ctenopharyngodon idella (grass), and cyprimus carpio (gulfam)--commonly found in the pakistani indus river, were selected for fat and cholesterol evaluation. fat content was quantified by the folch method and cholesterol content was determined by a simple gc method. the application of the proposed method to quantify cholesterol content revealed variations among the six breeds evaluat ... | 2010 | 20922959 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of interferon-β promoter stimulator 1 (ips-1) gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | ips-1 (interferon-β promoter stimulator 1), also known as mavs/visa/cardif, plays a central role in antiviral immunity. in this manuscript, we cloned and characterized ips-1 from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as ciips-1). the ciips-1 cdna is 2412 bp long and consists of a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 124 bp, a 3' utr of 497 bp with three cytokine rna instability motifs (attta) and a polyadenylation signal (aataaa), and an open reading frame (orf) of 1791 bp encoding a polypep ... | 2010 | 21078397 |
| evaluation of internal control genes for qrt-pcr normalization in tissues and cell culture for antiviral studies of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) has become one of the most commonly used techniques for rna expression. to obtain more reliable results with biological significance, it requires data normalization using an appropriate internal control gene. here, we cloned partial sequence of elongation factor 1α (ef1α) gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the stabilities of four commonly used internal control genes encoding 18s rrna, β-actin, ef1α, and ... | 2011 | 21255653 |
| identification of a retinoic acid-inducible gene i from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and expression analysis in vivo and in vitro. | rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene-i) is a key mediator of antiviral immunity, able to couple detection of infection by rna and dna viruses to the induction of interferons. in the present study, a rig-i gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (cirig-i) was isolated and characterized. the full-length cdna of cirig-i was of 3198 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 947 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 108,730 da and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.85, including six main overlapp ... | 2011 | 21288492 |
| characterization of two heat shock proteins (hsp70/hsc70) from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella): evidence for their differential gene expression, protein synthesis and secretion in lps-challenged peripheral blood lymphocytes. | two cdnas, encoding the stress-inducible 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70) and the constitutively expressed 70-kda heat shock cognate protein (hsc70), were isolated from grass carp. the hsp70 and hsc70 cdnas were 2250 bp and 2449 bp in length and contained 1932 bp and 1953 bp open reading frames, respectively. tissue distribution results showed that hsp70/hsc70 was highly expressed in gill, kidney, head kidney and peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls). using grass carp pbls as a cell model, effect ... | 2011 | 21377538 |
| Bactericidal activity of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella C9-deficient serum against Aeromonas hydrophila. | Neutralizing complement C9 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella sera with rabbit anti-C9 sera against fish complement C9, demonstrated that bactericidal activity against Aeromonas hydrophila of the C9-deficient fish sera was greatly impaired. These results indicated that the fish complement C9 plays a key role in pathogen killing through the lytic pathway. | 2011 | 22141908 |
| identification, mrna expression and genomic structure of tlr22 and its association with gcrv susceptibility/resistance in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) plays a crucial role in response to virus infection by recognizing double stranded rna (dsrna) in aquatic animals. in the present study, a tlr22 homologue gene was identified and characterized from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (citlr22). citlr22 genomic sequence comprises 4754 base pairs (bp), containing one intron. the cdna sequence consists of 3831bp, encoding a protein of 954 amino acid residues. citlr22 was constitutively expressed in all 15 investigated ... | 2012 | 21914453 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression patterns of hsp60 in the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | hsp60 is a highly immunogenic molecule, which is able to activate a large number of t cell types and is implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases. the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater fish species of the family cyprinidae, accounts for the third biggest value (usd 4.8 billion) at single species level of major cultured fish species in the world. here, we isolated and characterized the hsp60 cdna from grass carp (designated as cihsp60). its cdna was 2434 bp in length and enc ... | 2011 | 21854854 |
| Genomic structure of grass carp Mx2 and the association of its polymorphisms with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus. | Mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication in many vertebrates. In the present study, the organization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Mx2 (CiMx2) gene sequence was elucidated and its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated to explore their association with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The CiMx2 genomic sequence is composed of 8108 bp, containing 12 exons and 11 introns. Exon size ranges from 29 t ... | 2011 | 21967867 |
| genomic sequence comparison, promoter activity, snp detection of rig-i gene and association with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (prr), retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) is responsible for detection of nucleic acids from pathogens in infected cells and activation of type i interferon (ifn). in the present study, the 5'-flanking region, introns and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of cirig-i (ctenopharyngodon idella rig-i) were identified and characterized. the genomic cirig-i was 12810 bp in length, consisted of an 1864 bp 5'-flank region whose promoter activity ... | 2012 | 23276879 |
| correlation between grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) resistance to grass carp reovirus and the genetic insert-deletion polymorphisms in promoter and intron of rig-i gene. | rig-i (retinoic acid-inducible gene i) is an essential cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that binds to a variety of viral rna or dna to induce type i interferons. in the present study, insert-deletion polymorphisms in promoter and introns of cirig-i (ctenopharyngodon idella rig-i) were explored, their associations with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus (gcrv) were analyzed. to this end, genomic sequence of cirig-i gene was obtained, and twenty pairs of primers were prepared ... | 2012 | 23274655 |
| [electrophoretic pseudopolymorphism: the role of modifications illustrated by proteolysis]. | the term "pseudopolymorphism" refers to a situation, where there is no simple correspondence between genotype and phenotype: a single genotype may be moulded into several phenotypes. it is known that broad substrate specificity of enzymes may be one of the causes for pseudopolymorphism. this article deals with the other cause for this phenomenon--a consequence of post-translation modifications, such as limited proteolysis. variability of some enzymes of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella val. (p ... | 2012 | 3308633 |
| cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons, ciliated perikarya and "peptidergic" synapses in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of teleostean fishes. | the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of fishes (anguilla anguilla, amiurus nebulosus, cyprinus carpio, carassius auratus, ctenopharyngodon idella, cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) has been studied by light and electron microscopy. two kinds of neurons were found: a) large, electron-dense, gomori-positive cells with moderate acetylcholinesterase (ache) positivity which contain granulated vesicles of 1400 to 2200 a (in average 1600 to 1800 a), adn b) small, strongly ache-positive, electron-lucent neurons ... | 1987 | 174818 |
| microrna-induced negative regulation of tlr-5 in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small non-coding rnas that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. however, the role of mirnas in antibacterial defence in fish has not been fully determined. here, we identified that nine mirnas are differentially expressed in kidney between susceptible and resistant grass carp strains. analysis of spatial and temporal mirna expression patterns suggests that cid-mirn-115 and mir-142a-3p are potential regulators of anti-bacterial activity. overexpre ... | 2016 | 26727169 |
| immunomodulatory effects of a bioactive compound isolated from dryopteris crassirhizoma on the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | in the present study, we investigated effects of compound kaempferol 3-a-l-(4-o-acetyl)rhamnopyranoside-7-a-l-rhamnopyranoside (sa) isolated from dryopteris crassirhizoma during immune-related gene expression in ctenopharyngodon idella head kidney macrophages (cihkm). the expression of immune-related genes (il-1β, tnf-α, myd88, and mx1) were investigated using real-time pcr at 2 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h after incubation with 1, 10, and 50 μg ml(-1) of sa. furthermore, fish were injected intraperit ... | 2016 | 27294155 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of the nfil3/e4bp4 transcription factor of grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | nfil3 (nuclear factor interleukin 3-regulated) is an important bzip transcription factor in the immune response and immune cells' development. here, we identified the nfil3 gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella; gcnfil3). the deduced amino acid sequence of gcnfil3 is 468 residues with a typical bzip domain. phylogenetics demonstrated that gcnfil3 clustered closely with nfil3 of zebrafish. real-time pcr revealed gcnfil3 is constitutively expressed in all tissues examined. its expression w ... | 2014 | 25083807 |
| methionine hydroxy analogue improves intestinal immunological and physical barrier function in young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that methionine hydroxy analogue (mha) enhances the defense against enteritis occurrence via improving intestinal barrier function in fish. after 630 young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (259.70 ± 0.47 g) fed six graded levels of mha (0, 2.4, 4.4, 6.4, 8.5 and 10.5 g/kg diet) and one dl-methionine group (6.4 g/kg diet) for 8 weeks. at the end of feeding trial, 15 fish from each treatment were challenged with aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. ... | 2017 | 28279791 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of megalobrama amblycephala transferrin gene and effects of exposure to iron and infection with aeromonas hydrophila. | transferrin (tf) plays an important function in iron homeostasis and metabolism of organisms. in this study, we identified and characterized the tf gene in megalobrama amblycephala and evaluated its expression in basal conditions as well as after iron overload and experimental infection with aeromonas hydrophila. furthermore, we studied the iron binding properties of recombinant tf. the full-length m. amblycephala tf complementary dna (cdna) (genbank accession no.: kx698308) of 2245 bp was clone ... | 2017 | 28236008 |
| vitamin a deficiency suppresses fish immune function with differences in different intestinal segments: the role of transcriptional factor nf-κb and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. | the present study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin a on immune function in the proximal intestine (pi), mid intestine (mi) and distal intestine (di) of young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). fish were fed graded levels of dietary vitamin a for 10 weeks, and then a challenge test using an injection of aeromonas hydrophila was conducted for 14 d. the results showed that, compared with the optimum vitamin a level, vitamin a deficiency significantly decreased fish growth performance, ... | 2017 | 28098047 |
| vitamin e deficiency depressed fish growth, disease resistance, and the immunity and structural integrity of immune organs in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella): referring to nf-κb, tor and nrf2 signaling. | this study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin e on growth, disease resistance and the immunity and structural integrity of head kidney, spleen and skin in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the fish were fed six diets containing graded levels of vitamin e (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 mg/kg diet) for 10 weeks. subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of aeromonas hydrophila. the results showed that compared with optimal vitamin e supplementation, vitamin e deficiency ... | 2017 | 27888132 |
| dietary lipid requirement on non-specific immune responses in juvenile grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | this study aimed to evaluate the dietary lipid requirement and its effects on liver oxidative status and non-specific immune responses of juvenile grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). purified diets with five dietary lipid levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, fish oil/corn oil = 1:1) were each fed to triplicate groups of grass carp (mean initial weight: 6.57 ± 0.01 g) in a recirculating rearing system maintained at 27.5 ± 0.5 °c for 10 weeks. percent weight gain was highest (p < 0.05) with 5% li ... | 2013 | 23416225 |
| molecular characterization of an interleukin-4/13b homolog in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and its role in fish against aeromonas hydrophila infection. | mammalian interleukin 4 (il-4) and interleukin 13 (il-13) molecules are anti-inflammatory cytokines mediating the alternative activation of macrophages. however, the role of fish il-4/13 homologs in monocytes/macrophages (mo/mф) polarization remains unclear. in this study, we have functionally identified an il-4/13b homolog in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), which is termed as ciil-4/13b. multiple alignment showed that ciil-4/13b shared the typical characteristics and structure with other ... | 2016 | 27546554 |
| methionine hydroxy analogue enhanced fish immunity via modulation of nf-κb, tor, mlck, mapks and nrf2 signaling in young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | our study investigated the effect of dietary methionine hydroxy analogue (mha) on growth and immunity (head kidney, spleen and skin) of young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). a total of 630 grass carp (259.70 ± 0.47 g) were fed graded levels of mha (0, 2.4, 4.4, 6.4, 8.5 and 10.5 g/kg diet) and one dl-methionine (dlm) group (6.4 g/kg diet) for 8 weeks. at the end of the feeding trial, fish were challenged with aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. the results indicated that optimal mha increase ... | 2016 | 27422756 |
| transcriptome analysis of the innate immunity-related complement system in spleen tissue of ctenopharyngodon idella infected with aeromonas hydrophila. | the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) is an important commercial farmed herbivorous fish species in china, but is susceptible to aeromonas hydrophila infections. in the present study, we performed de novo rna-seq sequencing of spleen tissue from specimens of a disease-resistant family, which were given intra-peritoneal injections containing pbs with or without a dose of a. hydrophila. the fish were sampled from the control group at 0 h, and from the experimental group at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and ... | 2016 | 27383749 |
| identification and functional analysis of the toll-like receptor 20.2 gene in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | we characterized and identified the cdna sequence of toll-like receptor 20.2 in ctenopharyngodon idella (gctlr20.2); it consisted of 3197 bp, with an open reading frame of 2835 bp that encoded a 944 amino acid polypeptide. relatively, high expression levels of gctlr20.2 were observed in the spleen, head kidney, liver and brain tissues, with lower expression levels in the trunk kidney, intestine and heart tissues. in vivo and in vitro, after being challenged with aeromonas hydrophila or grass car ... | 2016 | 27370974 |
| oral delivery of bacillus subtilis spores expressing cysteine protease of clonorchis sinensis to grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus): induces immune responses and has no damage on liver and intestine function. | clonorchis sinensis (c. sinensis) is a fish-borne trematode. human can be infected by ingestion of c. sinensis metacercariae parasitized in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). for induction of effective oral immune responses, spores of bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) wb600 were utilized as vehicle to delivery cscp (cysteine protease of c. sinensis) cooperated with cotc (b.s-cotc-cp), one of coat proteins, to the gastrointestinal tract. after routine culture of 8-12 h in lb medium, b. subtilis ... | 2017 | 28323213 |
| immune response induced by oral delivery of bacillus subtilis spores expressing enolase of clonorchis sinensis in grass carps (ctenopharyngodon idellus). | clonorchiasis, caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of clonorchis sinensisis (c.sinensis), remains a common public health problem. new effective prevention strategies are still urgent to control this food-borne infectious disease. the previous studies suggested bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) spores was an ideal vaccines delivery system, and the c.sinensis enolase (cseno) was a potential vaccine candidate against clonorchiasis. in the ... | 2017 | 27729275 |
| hematological and immunological plasma assays for grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) infected with aeromonas hydrophila as an immune model in carp aquaculture. | aeromonas hydrophila is the causative agent of bacterial septicemia, a common disease observed in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. in our study, c. idella specimens were infected with a. hydrophila, and parameters of hematological and immunological plasma parameters were monitored. at blood cell level, levels of red blood cells (rbcs), hematocrit (hct), and mean corpuscular volume (mcv) showed no differences between the treatment and control groups, but levels of white blood cells (wbcs) inc ... | 2016 | 27368540 |
| myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene is involved in antiviral immunity in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | a full-length myd88 cdna (cimyd88) was cloned and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. cimyd88 was found to be broadly expressed and was up-regulated by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) and cimyd88 transcripts in vitro were rapidly elevated in c. idella kidney (cik) cells after challenge with poly(i:c). these results suggest that cimyd88 may be involved in the antiviral immune defence in c. idella. | 2011 | 21366589 |
| cloning and characterization of timp-2b gene in grass carp. | tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timps) are the primary inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) in tissues. in this study, a timp-2 gene was isolated from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (citimp-2b) and characterized. this cdna sequence encoded a signal peptide, n- and c-terminal domains. citimp-2b is highly homologous to the orthologous in zebrafish and other teleosts, suggesting timp-2b is highly conserved during teleost evolution. citimp-2b gene is expressed in a wide range ... | 2011 | 21377537 |
| dietary vitamin c deficiency depresses the growth, head kidney and spleen immunity and structural integrity by regulating nf-κb, tor, nrf2, apoptosis and mlck signaling in young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | this study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin c on the growth, and head kidney, spleen and skin immunity, structural integrity and related signaling molecules mrna expression levels of young grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). a total of 540 grass carp (264.37 ± 0.66 g) were fed six diets with graded levels of vitamin c (2.9, 44.2, 89.1, 133.8, 179.4 and 224.5 mg/kg diet) for 10 weeks. subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of aeromonas hydrophila and the survival r ... | 2016 | 26944716 |
| effect of berberine hydrochloride on grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella serum bactericidal activity against edwardsiella ictaluri. | bactericidal activity of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) serum was significantly enhanced when pre-treated with 15 mg l⁻¹ or 3 mg l⁻¹ of berberine hydrochloride, an effective component of several commonly used herbal medicines in aquaculture. the complement consumption experiment demonstrated that berberine hydrochloride can certainly activate fish complement system. the results of both experiments suggested that berberine hydrochloride could enhance the serum bactericidal activity in grass ... | 2012 | 22521421 |
| identification and characterization of the tlr18 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a critical role in the innate immune system. although tlr18 is an important member of this family of receptors in fish, the role of the tlr18 gene in responses to pathogen infection is still unclear. in this study, we identified and characterized the grass carp tlr18 gene (gctlr18) to further clarify the function of tlr18 in teleost fish. gctlr18 spans over 3600 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 852 amino acids. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed tha ... | 2015 | 26439414 |
| identification, characterization and immunological analysis of ras related c3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rac1) from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | rac1, a rho gtpase, serves critical immunological functions in mammals. here, a rac1 homolog (gcrac1) was identified in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the full-length 2023-base pair gcrac1 cdna contained a 579-bp open reading frame encoding a 192-residue protein, including a conserved rho domain and nuclear localization signal. the gcrac1 protein shares high identity with other rac1 counterparts and phylogenetically clustered with danio rerio rac1. the gcrac1 transcript showed wide tissue ... | 2016 | 26315145 |
| characterization of interleukin-1β as a proinflammatory cytokine in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | interleukin-1β (il-1β) is a well-characterized cytokine that plays key roles in cellular responses to infection, inflammation, and immunological challenges in mammals. in this study, we identified and analyzed a grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) ortholog of il-1β (gcil-1β), examined its expression patterns in various tissues in both healthy and lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated specimens, and evaluated its proinflammatory activities. the gcil-1β gene consists of seven exons and six introns. ... | 2015 | 26235982 |
| ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression analysis of igz in rohu, labeo rohita in response to various stimuli. | this study reports presence of igz transcripts, its ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression following various stimulations/infections in rohu. the derived rohu igz sequence clustered together with igz of ctenopharyngodon idella and cyprinus carpio in phylogenetic analysis. igz expression was detected at early developmental stages with higher expression at 1 day post-fertilization, and higher in anterior kidney and lower in skin tissues of juveniles. an inductive expression of igz was observ ... | 2015 | 26055084 |
| effect of a new recombinant aeromonas hydrophila vaccine on the grass carp intestinal microbiota and correlations with immunological responses. | intestinal microbiota has become an integral component of the fish, and plays a key role in host metabolism, immunity and health maintenance. however, information on the immune responses after vaccine administration in relation to the intestinal microbiota is absent in fish. the present study focused on the effect of a new recombinant aeromonas hydrophila vaccine (aera) by using a novel functionalized, single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) as a delivery vehicle on the intestinal microbiota of ... | 2015 | 25862971 |
| differential expression of interleukin-12 p35 and p40 subunits in response to aeromonas hydrophila and aquareovirus infection in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) aquaculture industry in asia is prone to bacterial and viral hemorrhagic diseases. effective adjuvants for vaccine formulation are the need of the hour for control of these diseases and long-term sustainability of grass carp farming. in this study, the involvement of interleukin-12 (il-12) from grass carp (gcil‑12) in anti-bacterial and anti-viral immune responses was demonstrated via expression profiles of gcil-12 subunits in immune tissues of the fish, ... | 2015 | 25730056 |
| next-generation sequencing identified micrornas that associate with motile aeromonad septicemia in grass carp. | micrornas (mirnas) modulate many biological processes and can be up-or down-regulated in a variety of diseases states, including in bacterial infection. in this study, we characterized mirnas associated with susceptibility or resistance to motile aeromonas hydrophila in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), a commercially important farmed fish species in china. using illumina next-generation sequencing, we detected 185 mirnas in a. hydrophila-susceptible (sgc) and -resistant grass carp (rgc) dur ... | 2015 | 25698074 |
| molecular characterization, expression, and immunological response analysis of the tweak and april genes in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | tweak and april are important members of the tnf superfamily, which play a crucial role in several diseases. here, we describe the identification of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) homologs of tweak and april (designated gctweak and gcapril, respectively) and their response to aeromonas hydrophila and aquareovirus infection. the gctweak cdna sequence contains 2273 bases with an open reading frame of 753 bases encoding 250-amino acid residues. the gctweak protein contains a predicted transme ... | 2014 | 25501222 |
| a splicing isoform of ctenopharyngodon idella adar1 (ciadar1-like): genome organization, tissue specific expression and transcriptional regulation. | catalyzing the deamination of adenosine to inosine in rna, adar1 (adenosine deaminase that act on rna 1) belongs to adar family. in our previous work, we have cloned the complete genomic sequence of adar1 from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), named ciadar1. in the process, we found a splicing isoform of ciadar1 (ciadar1-like). ciadar1 and ciadar1-like are possessed by different promoters but share a common exon 2. the complete genomic ciadar1-like has 9 exons and 8 introns. its full-length ... | 2015 | 26455664 |
| de novo assembly of the grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella transcriptome to identify mirna targets associated with motile aeromonad septicemia. | de novo transcriptome sequencing is a robust method of predicting mirna target genes, especially for organisms without reference genomes. differentially expressed mirnas had been identified previously in kidney samples collected from susceptible and resistant grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) affected by aeromonas hydrophila. target identification for these differentially expressed mirnas poses a major challenge in this non-model organism. | 2014 | 25409340 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of immunoglobulin m heavy chain gene of blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala). | immunoglobulins (igs), which bind antigens with high specificity, are essential molecules in adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates. in this study, cdna encoding the secreted form of the immunoglobulin heavy chain of igm (sigm) was cloned from the mesonephros of blunt snout bream (megalabrama amblycephala) using rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of sigm heavy chain gene has 1961 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 569 amino acids, constant regio ... | 2014 | 24979225 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of mannose receptor c type 1 in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | mannose receptor c type 1 (mrc1) is a pattern-recognition receptor (prr) which plays a significant role in immune responses. much work on mrc1 has been done in mammals and birds while little in fish. in this study, we cloned and characterized mrc1 in grass carp (gcmr). the full-length gcmr contained 5291bp encoding a putative protein of 1432 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequences showed that gcmr contained a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich (cr) domain, a fibronectin type ii (fn ii) doma ... | 2014 | 24184700 |
| characterization of mmp-9 gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella): an aeromonas hydrophila-inducible factor in grass carp immune system. | matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) belongs to a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases and is associated with vital inflammatory processes. here, we isolated and characterized mmp-9 cdna from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (designated as cimmp-9). the cdna was 2880 bp long and encoded a putative protein of 675 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 75.816 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 5.25. cimmp-9 contained all three classical mmp-9 family signatures. the mrna of cimmp-9 ... | 2013 | 23791859 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and immunological response analysis of toll-like receptor 21 (tlr21) gene in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | tlr21, a non-mammalian toll-like receptor, has been recently identified in fishes, frogs and birds. in the present study, the full-length cdna sequence of tlr21 (citlr21) from ctenopharyngodon idella has been isolated and characterized. the citlr21 full-length cdna sequence consists of 3578bp, with an open reading frame (orf) of 2958bp encoding 985 amino acid residues. the putative citlr21 protein contains a signal peptide sequence, 17 leucine-rich (lrr) motifs, a transmembrane region and a toll ... | 2013 | 23500185 |
| identification of tnf13b (baff) gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and its immune response to bacteria and virus. | the tnf superfamily b cell activating factor (baff) is a central cytokine in several diseases. a baff gene has been cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression pattern in various tissues after aeromonas hydrophila and aquareovirus infection. the open reading frame of grass carp baff (gcbaff) consists of 804 bases encoding 267 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis shows the gcbaff is most closely related to other teleost baffs with the hi ... | 2013 | 23352623 |
| matrix metalloproteinase 2 of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (cimmp2) is involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. | the gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase 2 (mmp2) was cloned from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), and its expression levels during aeromonas hydrophila infection and embryonic development stages were evaluated. the complete open reading frame of cimmp2 was 1974 bp in length, encoding a 658-amino acid polypeptide. the deduced mmp2 protein contained four conserved domain structures, including an n-terminal signal sequence, a propeptide domain, three repeats of fibronectin-type ii domain in ... | 2012 | 22626808 |
| effects of dietary administration of shewanella xiamenensis a-1, aeromonas veronii a-7, and bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal microbiota. | gut microbiota of grass carp plays an important role in host. however, detailed information regarding the changes of microbiota after probiotics administration in relation to the gastrointestinal microbiota is absent. in the present study, dietary administration of putative probiotics shewanella xiamenensis a-1, aeromonas veronii a-7, and bacillus subtilisstrains was conducted in grass carp to investigate if there is a discernible alteration in intestinal microbiota and whether the alteration is ... | 2017 | 28321827 |