| [identification of trihalomethanes in drinking water and assessment of their toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity]. | dichlorobromomethane (dcmb) and dibromochloromethane (dbcm) isolated from chlorinated drinking water were tested for toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. both agents proved mutagenic in a "dessicator" modification of the ames test using salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100 in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. in aquarium danio rerio fish tests, ld50/30 was 250 mg/l for both compounds. both agents induced hepatocellular carcinoma in fish: dcmb--in 11 out of 29 animals (at 16 ... | 1989 | 2773400 |
| gridlock, a localized heritable vascular patterning defect in the zebrafish. | we are using the zebrafish, danio rerio, to identify genes that generate and pattern the vertebrate vasculature. we have isolated a recessive mutation, gridlockm145 (grlm145) in which blood flow to the tail is impeded by a localized vascular defect. using a novel microangiographic method, we show that the blockade is in the anterior trunk, where the paired lateral dorsal aortae normally merge to form the single midline aorta. arterial-venous shunts and collateral vessels develop in most mutant e ... | 1995 | 7584985 |
| cloning and expression of genes coding for protein kinase ck2 alpha and beta subunits in zebrafish (danio rerio). | cdna clones coding for the alpha and beta subunits of protein kinase 2 (ck2) in zebrafish (danio rerio) have been isolated. sequencing of the cdna clones has demonstrated that one contains the complete coding sequence for the beta subunit of ck2 while the alpha clone is truncated and lacks 183 nucleotides of the 5' coding region. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences shows an extremely high degree of evolutionary sequence conservation of these two proteins. northern analysis of the mrna ... | 1994 | 7735317 |
| genotype-specific modifiers of transgene methylation and expression in the zebrafish, danio rerio. | previous reports involving mammalian systems, particularly mice, have demonstrated the existence of cis- and trans-acting modifiers of transgene methylation. these modifiers are thought to be important in dominance modification, genome imprinting and cellular expression mosaicism. their potential role in the penetrance and severity of many complex human diseases could be of even greater significance. in the present investigation we demonstrate that modifiers that act in a similar fashion to thos ... | 1995 | 7750743 |
| nodal induces ectopic goosecoid and lim1 expression and axis duplication in zebrafish. | one of the first intercellular signalling events in the vertebrate embryo leads to mesoderm formation and axis determination. in the mouse, a gene encoding a new member of the tgf-beta superfamily, nodal, is disrupted in a mutant deficient in mesoderm formation (zhou et al., 1993, nature 361, 543). nodal mrna is found in prestreak mouse embryos, consistent with a role in the development of the dorsal axis. to examine the biological activities of nodal, we have studied the action of this factor i ... | 1995 | 7768180 |
| genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of 1,2-dibromopropane and 1,1,3-tribromopropane in comparison to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. | the activities of 1,2-dibromopropane (dbp) and 1,1,3-tribromopropane (tbp) were studied in seven genotoxicity assays, (i) sos-induction in e. coli, (ii) dna repair in primary rat hepatocyte culture, (iii) the salmonella/microsome assay, (iv) a host-mediated assay using salmonella, (v) the somatic mutation and recombination assay in drosophila melanogaster, (vi) hgprt-mutagenesis assay in arl 18 cells, and (vii) micronucleus formation assay in mouse polychromatophylic erythrocytes (pce), forestom ... | 1994 | 7895155 |
| wnt4 affects morphogenesis when misexpressed in the zebrafish embryo. | the wnts are a family of secreted glycoproteins involved in cell-cell signalling and pattern formation during development, although the extent to which various wnts are functionally equivalent remains unclear. we have cloned zebrafish (danio rerio) wnt4, characterized its expression, and compared its activity relative to other wnts. the wnt4 transcript is first detected early in somitogenesis, in the dorsocaudal region of the forebrain, and then appears in the dorsal and lateral regions of the c ... | 1995 | 8541205 |
| cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the collagen-binding stress protein hsp47 in zebrafish. | hsp47 is a major stress-inducible protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of avian and mammalian cells and is thought to act as a molecular chaperone specific for the processing of procollagen. although hsp47 is coordinately expressed together with several collagen types, and vertebrate embryos are known to express collagen genes in complex spatial and temporal patterns, limited information is available regarding the function or regulation of hsp47 during early embryonic developme ... | 1996 | 8634155 |
| role of notochord in specification of cardiac left-right orientation in zebrafish and xenopus. | the left-right body axis is coordinately aligned with the orthogonal dorsoventral and anterioposterior body axes. the developmental mechanisms that regulate axis coordination are unknown. here it is shown that the cardiac left-right orientation in zebrafish (danio rerio) is randomized in notochord-defective no tail and floating head mutants. no tail (brachyury) and floating head (xnot) encode putative transcription factors that are expressed in the organizer and notochord, structures which regul ... | 1996 | 8660880 |
| the rna subunit of ribonuclease p from the zebrafish, danio rerio. | a simple strategy has been devised to identify the gene encoding the rna subunit of rnase p from the zebrafish, danio rerio. the sequence obtained by amplification of genomic dna with primers based on sequences common to two other vertebrates was confirmed by reverse transcription and amplification of rna from a partially purified preparation of the holoenzyme. the 5' and 3' ends were determined by cyclizing the rna, followed by reverse transcription and sequencing across the ligated rna junctio ... | 1996 | 8702867 |
| pcr-survey of hox-genes of the zebrafish: new sequence information and evolutionary implications. | we analyzed the hox gene complement of the zebrafish danio rerio using a pcr survey. we found 18 new zebrafish hom/hox type sequences and one sequence of the msh group. for groups 1-3 and 8-10 we could unambiguously assign the zebrafish fragments to cognate groups. the assignment for cognate groups 4-7 had to remain tentative due to insufficient sequence variation. the number of zebrafish hox fragments classified as members of cognate groups 1-4, 8, and 9 is identical to the number of genes in c ... | 1996 | 8882497 |
| cloning, expression and properties of the alpha' subunit of casein kinase 2 from zebrafish (danio rerio). | the protein kinase casein kinase 2 (ck2) is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and is apparently involved in the control of cell division. the holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two catalytic subunits (alpha and/or alpha') and regulatory subunits (beta 2). the alpha and alpha' subunits are encoded by different genes but are very similar in amino acid sequence, except that alpha' is normally considerably shorter. there have been extensive biochemical studies with recombinant alpha and beta subunits ... | 1996 | 8898916 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdnas encoding ribonucleotide reductase from zebrafish danio rerio. | we have cloned and sequenced cdnas coding for the r1 and r2 proteins of ribonucleotide reductase from zebrafish (danio rerio). this ribonucleotide reductase shows high amino acid sequence identity to those of other vertebrates. the r1 cdna has a coding sequence of 2382 bp, yielding a 794 amino acid protein, and the r2 cdna has a coding sequence of 1158 bp, yielding a 386 amino acid protein. the zebrafish r1 shows 94% similarity and r2 shows 91% similarity to the human r1 and r2, respectively. th ... | 1996 | 8983196 |
| structure and transcription of the gene for translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha of zebrafish (danio rerio). | the zebrafish gene for translation elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1 alpha) was isolated from a phage lambda genomic library and sequence and structure determined. one gene copy of ef1 alpha per haploid set of chromosomes was found and no processed pseudogenes. a highly active promoter region was localized to a 277 bp psti/pvuii fragment beginning 240 bp upstream from the tsp, but no transcription enhancing, or silencing activity was observed within 1 kbp upstream, or downstream from the promoter. ... | 1997 | 9003448 |
| mutations affecting neural survival in the zebrafish danio rerio. | programmed cell death is a prominent feature of normal animal development. during neurogenesis, naturally occurring cell death is a mechanism to eliminate neurons that fail to make appropriate connections. to prevent accidental cell death, mechanisms that trigger programmed cell death, as well as the genetic components of the cell death program, are tightly controlled. in a large-scale mutagenesis screen for embryonic lethal mutations in zebrafish danio rerio we have found 481 mutations with a n ... | 1996 | 9007242 |
| characterization of zebrafish mutants with defects in embryonic hematopoiesis. | as part of a large scale chemical mutagenesis screen of the zebrafish (danio rerio) genome, we have identified 33 mutants with defects in hematopoiesis. complementation analysis placed 32 of these mutants into 17 complementation groups. the allelism of the remaining 1 blood mutant is currently unresolved. we have categorized these blood mutants into four phenotypic classes based on analyses of whole embryos and isolated blood cells, as well as by in situ hybridization using the hematopoietic tra ... | 1996 | 9007251 |
| a reference cross dna panel for zebrafish (danio rerio) anchored with simple sequence length polymorphisms. | the ultimate informativeness of the zebrafish mutations described in this issue will rest in part on the ability to clone these genes. however, the genetic infrastructure required for the positional cloning in zebrafish is still in its infancy. here we report a reference cross panel of dna, consisting of 520 f2 progeny (1040 meioses) that has been anchored to a zebrafish genetic linkage map by 102 simple sequence length polymorphisms. this reference cross dna provides: (1) a panel of dna from th ... | 1996 | 9007262 |
| in vivo aflatoxin b1 metabolism and hepatic dna adduction in zebrafish (danio rerio). | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is assuming prominence in developmental genetics research. by comparison, little is known of tumorigenesis and nothing is known of carcinogen metabolism in this species. this study evaluated the ability of zebrafish to metabolize a well-characterized human carcinogen, aflatoxin b1 (afb1), to phase i and phase ii metabolites and assessed hepatic afb1-dna adduction in vivo. fish i.p. injected with 50-400 micrograms [3h]afb1/kg body wt displayed a linear dose response fo ... | 1997 | 9073610 |
| the nude gene encodes a sequence-specific dna binding protein with homologs in organisms that lack an anticipatory immune system. | in the mouse, the product of the nude locus, whn, is required for the keratinization of the hair shaft and the differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells in the thymus. a bacterially expressed peptide representing the presumptive dna binding domain of the mouse whn gene in vitro specifically binds to a 11-bp consensus sequence containing the invariant tetranucleotide 5'-acgc. in transient transfection assays, such binding sites stimulated reporter gene expression about 30- to 40-fold, when p ... | 1997 | 9108066 |
| cloning, sequencing, and embryonic expression of an n-ras proto-oncogene isolated from an enriched zebrafish (danio rerio) cdna library. | an enriched zebrafish (danio rerio) complementary dna library was constructed for screening of ras-related genes, and a positive clone was isolated from one plate of 3 x 10(4) plaques. this clone, zras-b1, carried an insert of 2592 base pairs (bp) with an open reading frame encoding a ras p21 protein of 188 amino acids. the deduced amino-terminal 86 amino acid residues and the carboxy-terminal caax binding motif are identical to mammalian ras. the full-length zras-b1-encoded protein is most clos ... | 1997 | 9116869 |
| zebrafish (danio rerio) p53 tumor suppressor gene: cdna sequence and expression during embryogenesis. | three methods were used in succession to screen a whole adult zebrafish cdna library for expressed p53-like genes. the sequences of the resultant clones describe an open reading frame 1122 nucleotides in length, with another 43 and 940 bases of 5' and 3' untranslated sequence, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequence of the zebrafish p53 protein is 63% identical to that of trout and 48% identical to that of human p53. two of the three zebrafish clones overlap to span the entire reported cdn ... | 1997 | 9200835 |
| functional expression of odorant receptors of the zebrafish danio rerio and of the nematode c. elegans in hek293 cells. | odorant receptors of zebrafish and c elegans were functionally expressed in vertebrate kidney cells (hek293) using the eucaryotic expression vector psmyc. receptor-encoding cdna cloned into this vector was expressed as a fusion protein with the n-terminal membrane import sequence of the guinea-pig serotonin receptor followed by a myc tag. immunocytochemical evidence indicates that this strategy directs a protein with the predicted immunoreactivity and approximate molecular weight to the plasma m ... | 1997 | 9279469 |
| the bacteriophage t7 binary system activates transient transgene expression in zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos. | the bacteriophage t7 binary expression system is widely used in vitro for high level selective expression of cloned genes but its application to in vivo models has not yet been investigated. in the present work, we show that coinjection into fertilized zebrafish eggs of pe1t7r, an expression plasmid bearing the t7 rna polymerase gene driven by the cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter, together with reporter vectors containing the escherichia coli lacz gene driven by the t7 promoter, resulted in the ef ... | 1997 | 9299390 |
| a functional study of the salmon gnrh promoter. | the pa and pb promoters of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) gnrh gene were fused together or individually to the escherichia coli lacz gene, and their transcriptional activities were measured in transient expression assays in zebrafish (danio rerio). in 48-hour embryos, both promoters were preferentially expressed in the brain, whereas a cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter-lacz fusion gene displayed high levels of activity in nonbrain tissues. pa and pb exhibited different cell specificity in the fo ... | 1997 | 9418292 |
| zebrafish hox genes: genomic organization and modified colinear expression patterns in the trunk. | the hox genes are implicated in conferring regional identity to the anteroposterior axis of the developing embryo. we have characterized the organization and expression of hox genes in the teleost zebrafish (danio rerio), and compared our findings with those made for the tetrapod vertebrates. we have isolated 32 zebrafish hox genes, primarily via 3'race-pcr, and analyzed their linkage relationships using somatic cell hybrids. we find that in comparison to the tetrapods, zebrafish has several add ... | 1998 | 9425136 |
| multiplicity of neuropeptide y receptors: cloning of a third distinct subtype in the zebrafish. | five different receptor subtypes for neuropeptide y (npy) have recently been cloned in mammals. we have discovered three distinct subtypes by pcr in the zebrafish, danio rerio, and describe here one of these called zyc. the protein sequence identity is 46-51% to mammalian subtypes y1, y4 and y6 and to zebrafish ya, i.e., the same degree of identity as these subtypes display to one another. the identity to zyb is higher, 75%, indicating that zyb and zyc share a more recent ancestor. the zyc recep ... | 1997 | 9434780 |
| genetics of erythropoiesis: induced mutations in mice and zebrafish. | production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) in the vertebrate embryo is critical to its survival and subsequent development. as red cells are the first blood cells to appear in embryogenesis, their origin reflects commitment of mesoderm to an hematopoietic fate and provides an avenue by which to examine the development of the hematopoietic system, including the hematopoietic stem cell (hsc). we discuss the genetics of erythropoiesis as studied in two systems: the mouse and zebrafish (danio re ... | 1997 | 9442889 |
| analysis of zebrafish mhc using bac clones. | although major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes have been identified in a number of species, little is yet known about their organization in species other than human and mouse. the zebrafish, danio rerio, is a good candidate for full elucidation of the organization of its mhc. as a step toward achieving this goal, a commercially available zebrafish bac library was screened with probes specific for previously identified zebrafish class i and class ii genes, as well as for genes controlling ... | 1998 | 9472068 |
| expression of lim-domain binding protein (ldb) genes during zebrafish embryogenesis. | lim homeodomain proteins are developmental regulators whose functions depend on synergism with lim domain binding proteins (ldb proteins). we have isolated four members of the ldb gene family from the zebrafish, danio rerio. ldb1, ldb2 and ldb3 share 95%, 73% and 62% amino acid identity with mouse ldb1, respectively. in overlay assays, ldb proteins bind lim homeodomain proteins and lmo1, but not zyxin or mlp. whole mount in situ hybridization showed that zebrafish ldb1 is expressed ubiquitously ... | 1998 | 9507128 |
| cloning and characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) from zebrafish, danio rerio. | we have cloned and sequenced a zebrafish (danio rerio) vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) cdna. it encodes a precursor protein of 188 amino acids with a putative 23 amino acids signal peptide. sequence comparison analysis indicates that the zebrafish vegf cdna corresponds to the human vegf165 isoform and shows about 52% identity to human vegf165 at the amino acid level. a 2.8 kb vegf message rna was detected in adult zebrafish by northern blot analysis. expression of vegf165 is also detec ... | 1998 | 9545518 |
| linkage of lmp, tap, and ring3 with mhc class i rather than class ii genes in the zebrafish. | the lmp2 and lmp7 genes code for subunits of the proteasome, a multimeric enzymatic complex that degrades proteins into peptides. the two subunits replace corresponding constitutively expressed subunits during the immune response. some of the peptides generated by the proteasome in the cytosol are transported by the products of the tap1 and tap2 genes into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and are loaded onto the assembling mhc class i molecules. in mammals, the lmp2, lmp7, tap1, and tap2 g ... | 1997 | 9550404 |
| contribution of zebrafish-mouse cell hybrids to the mapping of the zebrafish genome. | the zebrafish, danio rerio, is becoming an increasingly popular model for the study of vertebrate development. indeed, the biology of the fish offers great advantages for such studies. the life cycle of the zebrafish is relatively short (2-3 months) and the embryos develop outside the mother, facilitating the visualization of any mutated phenotype. at present, more than 1000 embryonic mutations have been reported. however, until recently, there was no physical or genetic map for this organism. i ... | 1997 | 9551186 |
| cloning, molecular characterization, and distribution of a gene homologous to delta opioid receptor from zebrafish (danio rerio). | a full-length cdna, zfor1, has been isolated from the teleost zebrafish (danio rerio) using a probe from rat mu opioid receptor. zfor1 encodes a 373 amino acid protein with seven potential transmembrane domains that shows a high degree of homology to mammalian delta opioid receptor. we have also isolated a genomic clone which contains two exons of zfor1, homologous to exons 2 and 3 in mouse and human delta opioid receptor. expression of zfor1 appears to be restricted to nervous tissue as assesse ... | 1998 | 9571192 |
| neurotrophin-7: a novel member of the neurotrophin family from the zebrafish. | a novel member of the neurotrophin family, zebrafish neurotrophin-7 (znt-7), was isolated from the zebrafish danio rerio. the amino acid sequence of znt-7 is more closely related to that of fish nerve growth factor (ngf) and neurotrophin-6 (nt-6) than to that of any other neurotrophin. znt-7 is, however, equally related to fish ngf and nt-6 (65% and 63% amino acid sequence identity, respectively) indicating that it represents a distinct neurotrophin sequence. znt-7 contains a 15 amino acid resid ... | 1998 | 9580190 |
| "physiological genomics": mutant screens in zebrafish. | large-scale mutagenesis screens have proved essential in the search for genes that are important to development in the fly, worm, and yeast. here we present the power of large-scale screening in a vertebrate, the zebrafish danio rerio, and propose the use of this genetic system to address fundamental questions of vertebrate developmental physiology. as an example, we focus on zebrafish mutations that reveal single genes essential for normal development of the cardiovascular system. these single ... | 1998 | 9688889 |
| isolation and functional analysis of the histone h3 promoter from atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | the histone h3 (sh3) promoter of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) was cloned via polymerase chain reaction using primers designed from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) promoter sequence. a comparison of the nucleotide sequence with the equivalent sequences from rainbow trout and sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) revealed a high degree of conservation. in vivo expression analysis of the sh3 promoter was carried out in both rainbow trout and zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos. a direct comparis ... | 1998 | 9701610 |
| characterization of the huntington's disease (hd) gene homologue in the zebrafish danio rerio. | the huntington's disease (hd) gene contains a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable in patients with the disease (hdcrg, 1993). as the first step toward investigating a potential role for this gene in early vertebrate development, we isolated the homolog of the huntington's disease (zhd) cdna in zebrafish. this cdna encodes a predicted protein product of 3121 amino acids with 70% identity to human huntingtin. the first exon is predicted to encode four glutamines, followed by only on ... | 1998 | 9795179 |
| identification of an enzymatically formed glutathione conjugate of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-lr: the first step of detoxication. | cyanobacterial toxins have adverse effects on mammals, birds and fish and are being increasingly recognised as a potent stress factor and health hazard factor in aquatic ecosystems. microcystins, cyclic heptapeptides and a main group of the cyanotoxins are mainly retained within the producer cells during cyanobacterial bloom development. however, these toxins are released into the surrounding medium by senescence and lysis of the blooms. any toxin present could then come into contact with a wide ... | 1998 | 9838216 |
| zebrafish vimentin: molecular characterization, assembly properties and developmental expression. | to provide a basis for the investigation of the intermediate filament (if) protein vimentin in one of the most promising experimental vertebrate systems, the zebrafish (danio rerio), we have isolated a cdna clone of high sequence identity to and with the characteristic features of human vimentin. using this clone we produced recombinant zebrafish vimentin and studied its assembly behaviour. unlike other vimentins, zebrafish vimentin formed unusually thick filaments when assembled at temperatures ... | 1998 | 9860133 |
| spatially and temporally-restricted expression of two t-box genes during zebrafish embryogenesis. | t-box genes are conserved in all animal species. we have identified two members of the t-box gene family from the zebrafish, danio rerio. zf-tbr1 and zf-tbx3 share high amino acid identity with human, murine, chick and xenopus orthologs and are expressed in specific regions during zebrafish development. | 1999 | 10072792 |
| expression of zkrml2, a homologue of the krml1/val segmentation gene, during embryonic patterning of the zebrafish (danio rerio). | we have identified zkrml2, a novel homologue of the segmentation gene krml/val in zebrafish (danio rerio). zkrml2 shows 72% and 92% identity in its basic leucine zipper domain with mouse krml1 and zebrafish val, respectively. zkrml2 is expressed coincident with myod throughout the somites starting at the three somite stage, becomes restricted to the dermomyotome, and subsequently disappears. transient expression is also detected in the reticulospinal and oculomotor neurons. zkrml2 maps to the or ... | 1999 | 10072793 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding a pim1 homologue in zebrafish, danio rerio. | | 1999 | 10079300 |
| environmental risk assessment for the widely used iodinated x-ray contrast agent iopromide (ultravist). | iodinated x-ray contrast media are diagnostic pharmaceuticals that are applied to enhance the contrast between organs or vessels examined and surrounding tissues during radiography. these substances are applied in doses up to ca. 200 g per person (corresponding to approx 100 g iodine) and are rapidly excreted. in the sewage system they contribute to the burden of adsorbable organic halogens (aox). to assess the potential environmental impact of this release, studies on environmental fate and eff ... | 1999 | 10090816 |
| cloning, expression and electrophysiological characterization of glycine receptor alpha subunit from zebrafish. | the glycine receptor is a ligand-gated anion channel protein, providing inhibitory drive within the nervous system. we report here the isolation and functional characterization of a novel alpha subunit (alphaz1) of the glycine receptor from adult zebrafish (danio rerio) brain. the predicted amino acid sequence is 86%, 81% and 77% identical to mammalian isoforms alpha1, alpha3 and alpha2, respectively. alphaz1 exhibits many of the molecular features of mammalian alpha1, but the sequence patterns ... | 1999 | 10188956 |
| analysis of the spermine synthase gene region in fugu rubripes, tetraodon fluviatilis, and danio rerio. | a prerequisite to understanding the evolution of the human x chromosome is the analysis of synteny of x-linked genes in different species. we have focused on the spermine synthase gene in human xp22. 1. we show that whereas the human gene spans a genomic region of 54 kb, the fugu rubripes gene is encompassed in a 4.7-kb region. however, we could not find conserved synteny between this region of human xp22 and the equivalent f. rubripes region. a cosmid clone containing the f. rubripes gene does ... | 1999 | 10191098 |
| saving zebrafish mutants. | at present, the zebrafish danio rerio is the only vertebrate species for which a large-scale mutagenesis effort to identify developmental genes has been reported. several laboratories are now intensely pursuing the molecular characterization of the genes affected by these mutations. one important criterion for the identity of the mutated gene is the rescue of the mutant phenotype by a wild-type (wt) copy of the gene. until recently, most rescue attempts were carried out by injecting wt messenger ... | 1999 | 10193182 |
| postembryonic neural proliferation in the zebrafish forebrain and its relationship to prosomeric domains. | large gaps of knowledge exist regarding postembryonic brain morphogenesis of the zebrafish danio rerio (cyprinidae, teleostei). the zebrafish represents together with the frog (xenopus), chick and mouse--one of four major models for the genetic study of early brain development. here, we used normal silver-stained bodian material and immunohistochemical material stained with a monoclonal antibody against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna, cyclin) to study the morphogenetic appearance a ... | 1999 | 10195307 |
| the rna-binding properties of smn: deletion analysis of the zebrafish orthologue defines domains conserved in evolution. | spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a common autosomal recessive disorder that results in the degeneration of spinal motor neurons. sma is caused by alterations of the survival motor neuron ( smn ) gene which encodes a novel protein of hitherto unclear function. the smn protein associates with ribonucleoprotein particles involved in rna processing and exhibits an rna-binding capacity. we have isolated the zebrafish danio rerio and nematode caenorhabditis elegans orthologues and have found that the ... | 1999 | 10196366 |
| a genetic linkage map for zebrafish: comparative analysis and localization of genes and expressed sequences. | genetic screens in zebrafish (danio rerio) have isolated mutations in hundreds of genes with essential functions. to facilitate the identification of candidate genes for these mutations, we have genetically mapped 104 genes and expressed sequence tags by scoring single-strand conformational polymorphisms in a panel of haploid siblings. to integrate this map with existing genetic maps, we also scored 275 previously mapped genes, microsatellites, and sequence-tagged sites in the same haploid panel ... | 1999 | 10207156 |
| cloning and characterization of six zebrafish photoreceptor opsin cdnas and immunolocalization of their corresponding proteins. | zebrafish (danio rerio) represents an excellent genetic model for vertebrate visual system studies. because the opsin proteins are ideal markers of specific photoreceptor cell types, we cloned six different zebrafish opsin cdnas. based on pairwise alignments and phylogenetic comparisons between the predicted zebrafish opsin amino acid sequences and other vertebrate opsins, the cdnas encode rhodopsin, two different green opsins (zfgr1 and zfgr2), a red, a blue, and an ultraviolet opsin. phylogene ... | 1999 | 10349976 |
| zebrafish sparse corresponds to an orthologue of c-kit and is required for the morphogenesis of a subpopulation of melanocytes, but is not essential for hematopoiesis or primordial germ cell development. | the relative roles of the kit receptor in promoting the migration and survival of amniote melanocytes are unresolved. we show that, in the zebrafish, danio rerio, the pigment pattern mutation sparse corresponds to an orthologue of c-kit. this finding allows us to further elucidate morphogenetic roles for this c-kit-related gene in melanocyte morphogenesis. our analyses of zebrafish melanocyte development demonstrate that the c-kit orthologue identified in this study is required both for normal m ... | 1999 | 10393121 |
| zebrafish stat3 is expressed in restricted tissues during embryogenesis and stat1 rescues cytokine signaling in a stat1-deficient human cell line. | transcription factors of the stat family are required for cellular responses to multiple signaling molecules. after ligand binding-induced activation of cognate receptors, stat proteins are phosphorylated, hetero- or homodimerize, and translocate to the nucleus. subsequent stat binding to specific dna elements in the promoters of signal-responsive genes alters the transcriptional activity of these loci. stat function has been implicated in the transduction of signals for growth, reproduction, vi ... | 1999 | 10417824 |
| analysis of a 26-kb region linked to the mhc in zebrafish: genomic organization of the proteasome component beta/transporter associated with antigen processing-2 gene cluster and identification of five new proteasome beta subunit genes. | sequencing of zebrafish (danio rerio) bacterial artificial chromosome and p1 artificial chromosome genomic clone fragments and of cdna clones has led to the identification of five new loci coding for beta subunits of proteasomes (psmb). together with the four genes identified previously, nine psmb genes have now been defined in the zebrafish. six of the nine genes reside in the zebrafish mhc (mhc) class i region, four of them reside in a single cluster closely associated with tap2 on a 26-kb lon ... | 1999 | 10453006 |
| cadherin-catenin complexes during zebrafish oogenesis: heterotypic junctions between oocytes and follicle cells. | during vertebrate oogenesis, the germ cells and associated somatic cells remain connected by a variety of adhering junctional complexes. however, the molecular composition of these cellular structures is largely unknown. to identify the proteins forming the heterotypic adherens junctions between oocytes and follicle cells in the zebrafish (danio rerio), the cdnas encoding alphae-catenin and plakoglobin were isolated. using these cdnas, in combination with the previously isolated beta-catenin cdn ... | 1999 | 10456847 |
| activin stimulation of zebrafish oocyte maturation in vitro and its potential role in mediating gonadotropin-induced oocyte maturation. | activin plays important roles in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction. using zebrafish, danio rerio, as a model, the present study aimed at investigating the role of activin in the regulation of final oocyte maturation. administration of recombinant goldfish activin b significantly increased the rate of oocyte maturation in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. the effect of activin seemed to be additive to the effects of gonadotropin (hcg) and 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxyprogesterone, a ... | 1999 | 10491634 |
| differential expression of tbx4 and tbx5 in zebrafish fin buds. | in here we report the identification of two new members of the t-box gene family, zf-tbx5 and zf-tbx4, from the zebrafish, danio rerio. the amino acid sequences within the t-box domain share high homology with the mouse, chick, and newt orthologs. whole mount in situ hybridization revealed specific expression of these genes in the eye and fin buds. zf-tbx5 expression is restricted to the pectoral fin bud, whilst zf-tbx4 transcripts are confined in the pelvic fin bud. these results reveal the con ... | 1999 | 10495283 |
| high-resolution functional labeling of vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory receptor neurons using agmatine, a channel-permeant cation. | methods are described for odor-stimulated labeling of olfactory receptor neurons (orns) of the freshwater zebrafish danio rerio and the marine spiny lobster panulirus argus. permeation of a cationic molecule, 1-amino-4-guanidobutane ( = agmatine, agb), through ion channels following odor stimulation, and its detection by an anti-agb antibody, allow labeling of odor-stimulated orns. parameters adjusted to optimize activity-dependent labeling included labeling medium ionic composition, stimulation ... | 1999 | 10513597 |
| gene duplication of zebrafish jak2 homologs is accompanied by divergent embryonic expression patterns: only jak2a is expressed during erythropoiesis. | members of the jak family of protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) proteins are required for the transmission of signals from a variety of cell surface receptors, particularly those of the cytokine receptor family. jak function has been implicated in hematopoiesis and regulation of the immune system, and recent data suggest that the vertebrate jak2 gene may play a role in leukemia. we have isolated and characterized jak cdnas from the zebrafish danio rerio. the zebrafish genome possesses 2 jak2 genes th ... | 1999 | 10515866 |
| zebrafish (danio rerio) presenilin promotes aberrant amyloid beta-peptide production and requires a critical aspartate residue for its function in amyloidogenesis. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is characterized by the invariable accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid beta-peptide (abeta). mutations in three genes are known to cause familial alzheimer's disease (fad). the mutations occur in the genes encoding the beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaapp) and presenilin (ps1) and ps2 and cause the increased secretion of the pathologically relevant 42 amino acid abeta42. we have now cloned the zebrafish (danio rerio) ps1 homologue (zf-ps1) to study its ... | 1999 | 10521267 |
| characterization of the men1 ortholog in zebrafish. | multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (men1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome predisposing to multiple tumors. the responsible gene, men1, has been identified and inactivating mutations reported. it encodes a protein named menin, which lacks homology to any known proteins. comparative genomics is used to ascertain important functional domains via the identification of evolutionary conserved regions. here we report the sequencing and characterization of the men1 gene in zebrafish (danio rerio) at ... | 1999 | 10529376 |
| expression patterns of zebrafish sox11a, sox11b and sox21. | we have cloned three sox genes in zebrafish (danio rerio), one related to human and chicken sox21, and two related to mammalian and chicken sox-11. zebrafish sox21, sox11a and sox11b transcripts are accumulated in the egg, are present in all cells until gastrulation and become restricted later to the developing central nervous system (cns); expression in adults is undetectable. sox21 is expressed in the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, but maximally at the midbrain-hindbrain junction; sox11a,b ... | 1999 | 10559493 |
| analysis of blood coagulation in the zebrafish. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a unique animal model in which saturation mutagenesis has been used to identify genes involved in vertebrate development. the relevance of the zebrafish as a genetic model for hemostasis depends, in large part, on the degree of similarity between the zebrafish and mammalian systems. the diminutive size of the zebrafish poses technical problems for analysis of coagulation. this study describes methods to obtain citrated whole blood and plasma from the zebrafish, ana ... | 1999 | 10575549 |
| dissecting hematopoiesis and disease using the zebrafish. | the study of blood has often defined paradigms that are relevant to the biology of other vertebrate organ systems. as examples, stem cell physiology and the structure of the membrane cytoskeleton were first described in hematopoietic cells. much of the reason for these successes resides in the ease with which blood cells can be isolated and manipulated in vitro. the cell biology of hematopoiesis can also be illuminated by the study of human disease states such as anemia, immunodeficiency, and le ... | 1999 | 10588859 |
| two zebrafish (danio rerio) antizymes with different expression and activities. | cellular polyamines are regulated by a unique feedback mechanism involving ornithine decarboxylase (odc) antizyme. the synthesis of mammalian antizyme requires a programmed translational frameshift event induced by polyamines. antizyme represses odc, a key enzyme for polyamine synthesis, through accelerating enzyme degradation by the 26 s proteasome. antizyme also inhibits the cellular uptake of polyamines. in the present study we isolated two distinct zebrafish (danio rerio) antizyme cdna clone ... | 2000 | 10600644 |
| dicistronic gene expression in developing zebrafish. | internal ribosome entry sites (iress) allow ribosomal access to messenger rna without a requirement for cap recognition and subsequent scanning to an initiator aug. hence, iress have been adapted into dicistronic vectors for the expression of more than one gene from a single mrna. dicistronic vectors have been used for many applications in mammalian tissue culture and transgenesis. however, whether the iress from mammalian viruses function without temporal or spatial restrictions in nonmammalian ... | 1999 | 10612680 |
| ancient allelism at the cytosolic chaperonin-alpha-encoding gene of the zebrafish. | the t-complex protein 1, tcp1, gene codes for the cct-alpha subunit of the group ii chaperonins. the gene was first described in the house mouse, in which it is closely linked to the t locus at a distance of approximately 11 cm from the mhc. in the zebrafish, danio rerio, in which the t homolog is linked to the class i mhc loci, the tcp1 locus segregates independently of both the t and the mhc loci. despite its conservation between species, the zebrafish tcp1 locus is highly polymorphic. in a sa ... | 2000 | 10628990 |
| toxicity of nitromusks in early lifestages of south african clawed frog (xenopus laevis) and zebrafish (danio rerio). | musk xylene (mx), musk ketone (mk) and musk moskene (mm) are synthetic nitro-containing fragrances. due to their inherent lipophilicity and environmental persistence, they are frequently detected in environmental samples and especially in aquatic ecosystems. despite this, the current environmental toxicity database of nitromusks is limited. although nitromusks have been shown to accumulate in aquatic organisms, little is known about their potential developmental effects in the respective aquatic ... | 1999 | 10630700 |
| noninvasive determination of genome size and ploidy level in fishes by flow cytometry: detection of triploid poecilia formosa. | in order to understand the evolutionary significance of single triploids among the mostly diploid poecilia formosa we have developed a simple, noninvasive technique for dna content and ploidy determination. | 2000 | 10679726 |
| the histaminergic system in the brain: structural characteristics and changes in hibernation. | histaminergic neurons in adult vertebrate brain are confined to the posterior hypothalamic area, where they are comprised of scattered groups of neurons referred to as the tuberomammillary nucleus. histamine regulates hormonal functions, sleep, food intake, thermoregulation and locomotor activity, for example. in the zebrafish, danio rerio, histamine was detected only in the brain, where also the histamine synthesizing enzyme l-histidine decarboxylase (hdc) was expressed. it is possible that his ... | 2000 | 10708920 |
| mrna localization patterns in zebrafish oocytes. | in both invertebrate and vertebrate systems, the localization of maternal mrnas is a common mechanism used to influence developmental processes, including the establishment of the dorsal/ventral axis, anterior/posterior axis, and the germ line (for review, see bashirullah et al., 1998. annu. rev. biochem. 67, 335-394). while the existence of localized maternal mrnas has been reported in the zebrafish, danio rerio, the precise localization patterns of these molecules during oogenesis has not been ... | 2000 | 10727871 |
| heat-inducible expression of a reporter gene detected by transient assay in zebrafish. | heat-inducibility of two reporter constructs expressing lacz gene under the control of mouse and xenopus hsp70 promoters was tested in zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos using a transient expression system. cells expressing beta-galactosidase were stained blue by histochemical staining and their average number per embryo was used as an indicator of the expression level of the reporter gene. both constructs were heat-inducible in the embryonic tissues and showed similar heat dependence (increasing e ... | 2000 | 10739675 |
| expression of sox11 gene duplicates in zebrafish suggests the reciprocal loss of ancestral gene expression patterns in development. | to investigate the role of sox genes in vertebrate development, we have isolated sox11 from zebrafish (danio rerio). two distinct classes of sox11-related cdnas were identified, sox11a and sox11b. the predicted protein sequences shared 75% identity. in a gene phylogeny, both sox11a and sox11b cluster with human, mouse, chick, and xenopus sox11, indicating that zebrafish, like xenopus, has two orthologues of tetrapod sox11. the work reported here investigates the evolutionary origin of these two ... | 2000 | 10741422 |
| characterization of the schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologue of the human survival motor neuron (smn) protein. | childhood onset spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a common autosomal recessive disorder primarily characterized by the loss of lower alpha motor neurons. the underlying chromosomal defects causing sma have been found in the survival motor neuron (smn) gene. smn has been shown previously to play a role in both snrnp biogenesis and mrna processing, although direct evidence for the relationship between smn and disease pathology has not been elucidated. smn orthologues have been isolated in many spec ... | 2000 | 10749974 |
| a contig map of the mhc class i genomic region in the zebrafish reveals ancient synteny. | in contrast to the human and mouse mhc, in which the clusters of class i and class ii loci reside in close vicinity to one another, in the zebrafish, danio rerio, they are found in different linkage groups. chromosome walking using bac (bacterial artificial chromosome) and pac (p1 artificial chromosome) clones reveals the zebrafish class i region to occupy a segment of approximately 450 kb and to encompass at least 19 loci. these include three class i (dare-uda, -uea, -ufa), five proteasome subu ... | 2000 | 10799891 |
| proviral insertions in the zebrafish hagoromo gene, encoding an f-box/wd40-repeat protein, cause stripe pattern anomalies. | the zebrafish, danio rerio, has three types of pigment cells (melanophores, xanthophores and iridophores) and, in adult fish, these cells are organized into a stripe pattern. the mechanisms underlying formation of the stripe pattern are largely unknown. we report here the identification and characterization of a novel dominant zebrafish mutation, hagoromo (hag), which was generated by insertional mutagenesis using a pseudotyped retrovirus. the hag mutation caused disorganized stripe patterns. tw ... | 2000 | 10801422 |
| zebrafish: a model system for the study of human disease. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a powerful model organism for the study of vertebrate biology, being well suited to both developmental and genetic analysis. large-scale genetic screens have identified hundreds of mutant phenotypes, many of which resemble human clinical disorders. the creation of critical genetic reagents, coupled with the rapid progress of the zebrafish genome initiative directed by the national institutes of health, are bringing this model system to its full potential for the st ... | 2000 | 10826982 |
| identification of seven genes in the major histocompatibility complex class i region of the zebrafish. | physical linkage of genes whose products are involved in similar physiological pathways may have functional significance. the identification of conserved gene linkage in distantly related organisms can therefore strengthen the hypothesis of selection acting towards keeping genes on a chromosome. we used the cdna selection technique and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with generic primers for the identification of new genes on the genomic clones bearing the major histocompatibility complex (m ... | 2000 | 10849368 |
| an orthologue of the kit-related gene fms is required for development of neural crest-derived xanthophores and a subpopulation of adult melanocytes in the zebrafish, danio rerio. | developmental mechanisms underlying traits expressed in larval and adult vertebrates remain largely unknown. pigment patterns of fishes provide an opportunity to identify genes and cell behaviors required for postembryonic morphogenesis and differentiation. in the zebrafish, danio rerio, pigment patterns reflect the spatial arrangements of three classes of neural crest-derived pigment cells: black melanocytes, yellow xanthophores and silver iridophores. we show that the d. rerio pigment pattern ... | 2000 | 10862741 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of the zebrafish atp-gated ionotropic receptor p2x(3) subunit. | we describe a p2x subunit cloned from the zebrafish (danio rerio) that is an orthologue of the mammalian p2x(3) subunit. like the mammalian p2x(3), this receptor desensitizes rapidly in the presence of agonist. however, it differs in that alphabeta-meatp is a much less potent agonist than atp and the antagonist tnp-atp is not active at low nanomolar concentrations. similar to the rat p2x(3) subunit, the zebrafish subunit forms hetero-oligomeric assemblies with the rat p2x(2) that possesses a phe ... | 2000 | 10869573 |
| cloning and expression of a cdna coding for catalase from zebrafish (danio rerio). | a full-length complementary dna (cdna) clone encoding a catalase was amplified by the rapid amplication of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr) technique from zebrafish (danio rerio) mrna. nucleotide sequence analysis of this cdna clone revealed that it comprised a complete open reading frame coding for 526 amino acid residues and that it had a molecular mass of 59 654 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity with the sequences of catalase from swine (86.9%), mouse (8 ... | 2000 | 10888504 |
| ventromedial focus of cell death is absent during development of xenopus and zebrafish inner ears. | we present the normal patterns of programmed cell death in the developing inner ears of a primitive anuran, xenopus laevis, and an ostariophysan fish, danio rerio. a prominent ventromedial focus of cell death was described previously in the developing chicken and mouse otocysts. we hypothesize that this focus of cell death might be associated with a signaling center that directs morphogenesis of the surrounding tissue. amphibian and fish ear anatomies differ considerably from those of birds and ... | 1999 | 10900084 |
| toxicity of euphorbia milii latex and niclosamide to snails and nontarget aquatic species. | the toxicity of euphorbia milii molluscicidal latex and niclosamide (ncl) to target snails (biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila) and nontarget aquatic organisms is evaluated. planorbidae snails were killed by very low concentrations of lyophilized latex (48-h lc(50), mg/l: b. glabrata, 0.12; b. tenagophila, 0.09; helisoma duryi, 0.10). latex was less toxic (48-h lc(50) or ec(50), mg/l) to oligochaeta (tubifex tubifex, 0.31), planktonic crustacea (daphnia similis, 0.38; c. dubia, 1 ... | 2000 | 10903832 |
| zebrafish genes for neuropeptide y and peptide yy reveal origin by chromosome duplication from an ancestral gene linked to the homeobox cluster. | neuropeptide y (npy) and peptide yy (pyy) are related 36-amino acid peptides. npy is widely distributed in the nervous system and has several physiological roles. pyy serves as an intestinal hormone as well as a neuropeptide. we report here cloning of the npy and pyy genes in zebrafish (danio rerio). npy differs at only one to four amino acid positions from npy in other jawed vertebrates. zebrafish pyy differs at three positions from pyy from other fishes and at 10 positions from mammals. in sit ... | 2000 | 10936170 |
| mariner is defective in myosin viia: a zebrafish model for human hereditary deafness. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) possesses two mechanosensory organs believed to be homologous to each other: the inner ear, which is responsible for the senses of audition and equilibrium, and the lateral line organ, which is involved in the detection of water movements. eight zebrafish circler or auditory/vestibular mutants appear to have defects specific to sensory hair cell function. the circler genes may therefore encode components of the mechanotransduction apparatus and/or be the orthologous c ... | 2000 | 10958658 |
| nucleotide sequence of cdna clones coding for a brain-type fatty acid binding protein and its tissue-specific expression in adult zebrafish (danio rerio). | we have determined the nucleotide sequence for two cdna clones coding for a fatty acid binding protein (fabp) from zebrafish (danio rerio). comparison of the sequence with genbank entries revealed extensive amino acid identity between this zebrafish fabp and brain fabps (b-fabp) from other species. the zebrafish b-fabp cdna hybridized to single restriction fragments of total zebrafish genomic dna digested with the restriction endonucleases bglii or ecori suggesting that a single copy of the b-fa ... | 2000 | 11004493 |
| cdna sequence and tissue-specific expression of a basic liver-type fatty acid binding protein in adult zebrafish (danio rerio). | we have determined the nucleotide sequence for a cdna clone derived from zebrafish (danio rerio) that codes for a fatty acid binding protein (fabp). amino acid sequence similarity of the zebrafish fabp was highest to fabps isolated from the livers of catfish, chicken, salamander and iguana. the open-reading frame of the zebrafish fabp cdna codes for a protein of 14.0 kda with a calculated isoelectric point of 8.8. the zebrafish liver-type fabp (l-fabp) cdna hybridized to single restriction fragm ... | 2000 | 11004494 |
| realizing the potential of zebrafish as a model for human disease. | the value of the zebrafish (danio rerio) as a model for human disease has been substantiated by a number of recently published papers. several zebrafish mutants with "human" diseases have been found, spanning a variety of human pathologies. these successful studies utilizing the zebrafish have been made possible by the development of key reagents such as yac, pac, and bac libraries, as well as radiation hybrid panels. with the further establishment of new tools and access to the newly generated ... | 2000 | 11015581 |
| evolution of hoxa-11 in lineages phylogenetically positioned along the fin-limb transition. | hoxa11 is a transcription factor implicated in paired appendage development. to identify signatures of evolutionary change in the structural, and putative functional, domains of hoxa11, we studied its evolution in tetrapod and nontetrapod lineages that represent approximately 1.5 billion years of evolutionary time. here, hoxa-11 gene proper sequences were determined for frog (xenopus tropicalis), coelacanth (latimeria chalumnae), common zebrafish (danio rerio; hoxa-11a and hoxa-11b paralogs), an ... | 2000 | 11083943 |
| the mdm2 gene of zebrafish (danio rerio): preferential expression during development of neural and muscular tissues, and absence of tumor formation after overexpression of its cdna during early embryogenesis. | the mdm2 protein is most probably the main negative cellular regulator of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein. it was found to be overexpressed in a great number of human tumors and is considered as a potential target for anti-tumor therapies. mdm2 is an essential gene in mice, yet its role in normal development and tissue differentiation is unknown. in order to study the role of this important protein in an evolutionary perspective, we cloned an mdm2 cdna from the fish danio rerio and analyzed its ... | 2000 | 11100897 |
| the murine pes1 gene encodes a nuclear protein containing a brct domain. | pescadillo was originally identified in the zebrafish danio rerio as a site of a retrovirus-insertion mutation that caused severe defects during embryogenesis. in particular, growth of the fetal zebrafish liver was significantly affected by loss of pescadillo function. to begin to understand the role of pescadillo during mammalian hepatogenesis we identified the murine homologue of pescadillo and named it pes1. a single gene localized to chromosome 11 on the mouse genome encodes pes1. although p ... | 2000 | 11112348 |
| effects of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection on hematopoietic precursors of the zebrafish. | the zebrafish danio rerio is a new model system for studying the genetics of hematopoiesis. to define naturally occurring viruses which could infect and replicate within hematopoietic precursors of the zebrafish, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) were studied. infection of whole fish with viral supernatants demonstrated infectious replicants for both viruses, indicating that the virus host range includes the zebrafish. in other species ... | 2000 | 11112382 |
| zfor2, a new opioid receptor-like gene from the teleost zebrafish (danio rerio). | a new opioid receptor-like (zfor2) has been cloned and characterized in an anamniote vertebrate, the teleost zebrafish (danio rerio). zfor2 encodes a 384-amino-acid protein with seven potential transmembrane domains, and its predicted amino acid sequence presents an overall 74% degree of identity to mammalian mu opioid receptors. its inclusion in a dendrogram generated from the alignment of the opioid receptor's protein sequences, confirms its classification as a mu opioid receptor. divergences ... | 2000 | 11113526 |
| expression and characterization of nonmammalian selenoprotein p in the zebrafish, danio rerio. | selenoprotein p is a protein of considerable intrigue, due to its unusual composition and requirements for its biosynthesis. whereas most selenoproteins contain a single selenocysteine residue, the human, bovine and rodent selenoprotein p genes encode proteins containing 10-12 selenocysteines. selenoprotein p genes have, to date, only been reported in mammals, and the function of the protein remains elusive. | 2000 | 11122377 |
| muscle regulatory factor gene: zebrafish (danio rerio) myogenin cdna. | myogenin is one of the basic helix-loop-helix proteins that regulate muscle-specific gene expression. using reverse transciption-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), zebrafish myogenin cdna was cloned from mrna of embryos at 10-96 h post-fertilization. the cdna, at 1384 base pairs (bp), contained a 771-bp open reading frame with 113- and 500-bp flanking regions at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of zebrafish m ... | 2000 | 11126756 |
| the genetic basis of cardiac function: dissection by zebrafish (danio rerio) screens. | the vertebrate heart differs from chordate ancestors both structurally and functionally. genetic units of form, termed 'modules', are identifiable by mutation, both in zebrafish and mouse, and correspond to features recently acquired in evolution, such as the ventricular chamber or endothelial lining of the vessels and heart. zebrafish (danio rerio) genetic screens have provided a reasonably inclusive set of such genes. normal cardiac function may also be disrupted by single-gene mutations in ze ... | 2000 | 11128987 |
| cluster of genes encoding the major egg envelope protein of zebrafish. | the proteins of fish egg envelopes are encoded by genes that are closely related to the genes for human zona pellucida proteins. a cluster of three genes coding for an egg envelope protein was isolated from the zebrafish, danio rerio. the three genes, zp2a, zp2b, and zp2c, are located within an 11 kb region and are each comprised of eight exons spanning 1.85 kb. the exon-intron structures of the genes are nearly identical; however, their deduced amino acid sequences diverge at exon 7 (zp2b and z ... | 2001 | 11144219 |
| jule from the fish xiphophorus is the first complete vertebrate ty3/gypsy retrotransposon from the mag family. | jule is the second complete long-terminal-repeat (ltr) ty3/gypsy retrotransposon identified to date in vertebrates. jule, first isolated from the poeciliid fish xiphophorus maculatus, is 4.8 kb in length, is flanked by two 202-bp ltrs, and encodes gag (structural core protein) and pol (protease, reverse transcriptase, rnase h, and integrase, in that order) but no envelope. there are three to four copies of jule per haploid genome in x. maculatus. two of them are located in a subtelomeric region ... | 2001 | 11158369 |
| drinks like a fish: zebra fish (danio rerio) as a behavior genetic model to study alcohol effects. | zebra fish may be an ideal vertebrate model system for numerous human diseases with which the genetics and biological mechanisms of the disease may be studied. zebra fish has been successfully used in developmental genetics, and recently, neurobiologists have also started to study this species. a potentially interesting target disease amenable for analysis with zebra fish is drug addiction, e.g. alcoholism. although genetic tools to manipulate the genome of zebra fish are available, appropriate ... | 2000 | 11166068 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the danio rerio catalase gene. | catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a central role in the protection against oxidative stress through the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide. catalase has been well studied in plants, bacteria, and mammals, but little work has been done in other vertebrate species. we have cloned the zebrafish (danio rerio) catalase cdna containing the complete coding region and analyzed expression by both reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. the deduced amino acid sequence pre ... | 2000 | 11281262 |
| expression pattern of the frizzled 7 gene during zebrafish embryonic development. | we have identified a novel frizzled gene in zebrafish, (danio rerio): frizzled 7, highly related to mouse, chick and xenopus fz7. no maternal expression was detected. zygotic transcription starts at the end of gastrulation anteriorly in the presumptive neurectoderm and in the presomitic mesoderm. during somitogenesis expression is detected in developing central nervous system, including forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord, the lateral mesoderm and the anterior part of the forming somi ... | 2001 | 11287199 |