| mechanisms of lysosomal enzyme release from leukocytes. iv. interaction of monosodium urate crystals with dogfish and human leukocytes. | in order to determine the possible mechanisms whereby interactions between phagocytic cells and crystals of monosodium urate (msu) lead to cell death with simultaneous release of both cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes, phagocytic leukocytes of the smooth dogfish shart mustelus canis were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, and biochemistry. lysosomes of these cells can be stained supravitally with toluidine blue and are large enough (0.7-0.8 mu) to be clearly resolved with the lig ... | 1975 | 48382 |
| kinetics of bicarbonate/chloride exchange in dogfish erythrocytes. | a stopped-flow rapid reaction apparatus was used to monitor changes in extracellular ph in dogfish (mustelus canis) erythrocyte suspensions under conditions where dph/dt was determined by the rate of hco3-/cl- exchange across the red cell membrane. experiments were performed on erythrocytes suspended either in their own plasma or in elasmobranch ringer solution over a range of temperatures from 5 to 35 degrees c. the exchange fluxes at 25 degrees c for red blood cells suspended in their own plas ... | 1979 | 112874 |
| the effects of near-uv radiation on elasmobranch lens cytoskeletal actin. | the role of near-uv radiation as a cytoskeletal actin-damaging agent was investigated. two procedures were used to analyse fresh smooth dogfish (mustelus canis) eye lenses that were incubated for up to 22 hr in vitro, with elasmobranch ringer's medium, and with or without exposure to a near-uv lamp (emission principally at 365 nm; irradiance of 2.5 mw cm-2). these were observed histologically using phalloidin-rhodamine specific staining and by transmission electron microscopy. in addition, solut ... | 1992 | 1426055 |
| isolation of an acute-phase phosphorylcholine-reactive pentraxin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 1. channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum contains a protein that precipitates pneumococcal c-polysaccharide (cps) in a calcium-dependent fashion. 2. the serum titer of this protein follows an acute-phase pattern in catfish injected with turpentine. 3. a non-glycosylated, phosphorylcholine (pc)-reactive protein (prp) with molecular mass ca 100 kda, was isolated from channel catfish acute-phase sera by affinity chromatography on pc-sepharose 4b. 4. contaminating proteins with molecular masse ... | 1992 | 1499290 |
| detergent-based isolation of marginal bands of microtubules from nucleated erythrocytes. | we have developed a new, detergent-based method for the isolation of marginal bands (mbs) of microtubules from non-mammalian vertebrate erythrocytes. the critical step in mb isolation is selective removal of the "membrane skeleton" network (ms), within which the mb is enclosed. to test potential ms solubilizing agents systematically, we prepared dogfish (mustelus canis) erythrocyte cytoskeletons in the presence of protease inhibitors and stored them at -20 degrees c in medium containing 50% glyc ... | 1990 | 2127917 |
| the presence of a juxtaglomerular apparatus in elasmobranch fish. | previous studies have concluded that a juxtaglomerular apparatus evolved in phylogenetic groups "higher" than elasmobranch fishes. the present study shows for the first time a distinct juxtaglomerular apparatus in four marine elasmobranchs, the spiny dogfish squalus acanthias), the smooth dogfish (mustelus canis), the little skate (raja erinacea), and the cownose ray (rhinoptera bonasus). serial semithin sections of these fishes' kidneys reveal the four morphological components of a juxtaglomeru ... | 1990 | 2268068 |
| granulated peripolar epithelial cells in the renal corpuscle of marine elasmobranch fish. | granulated epithelial cells at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, peripolar cells, have been found in the kidneys of five species of elasmobranchs, the little skate (raja erinacea), the smooth dogfish shark (mustelus canis), the atlantic sharpnose shark (rhizoprionodon terraenovae), the scalloped hammerhead shark (sphyrna lewini), and the cow-nosed ray (rhinoptera bonasus). in a sixth elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish shark (squalus acanthias), the peripolar cells could not be identified am ... | 1989 | 2519933 |
| retinal neurochemistry of three elasmobranch species: an immunohistochemical approach. | we surveyed retinas of raja erinacea, mustelus canis, and squalus acanthias for neurotransmitter substances by using antisera directed against the substances themselves or against their synthesizing enzymes. both the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) and indirect fluorescent techniques were employed to visualize the primary antisera. in all three species positive results were obtained with antisera directed against tyrosine hydroxylase (toh), glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), serotonin (5-ht), an ... | 1986 | 2869065 |
| the elasmobranch spiracular organ. i. morphological studies. | the spiracular organ is a lateral line derived receptor associated with the first gill cleft (spiracle). its functional morphology was studied in the little skate, raja erinacea, and a shark, the smooth dogfish, mustelus canis, with light and electron microscopy. the spiracular organ is a tube (skate) or pouch (shark) with a single pore opening into the spiracle. the lumen is lined with patches of sensory hair cells, and filled with a gelatinous cupula. in the little skate, hair cells form synap ... | 1988 | 3385671 |
| the elasmobranch spiracular organ. ii. physiological studies. | the spiracular sense organs of the little skate, raja erinacea, and the smooth dogfish, mustelus canis, respond to movements of the hyomandibula-cranial joint. afferent activity was recorded from the spiracular organ nerve in isolated preparations consisting of at least part of the cranium, the hyomandibula, and the spiracular organ and nerve. afferents are excited by hyomandibular flexion at its joint with the cranium. single unit recordings in the little skate revealed a single class of units ... | 1988 | 3385672 |
| transport of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids by the choroid plexus: its characterization and physiological significance. | choroid plexi from the lateral ventricles of rabbits, cats, and dogfish (mustelus canis) were used to characterize the prostaglandin (pg) uptake process and to establish its kinetic parameters and substrate specificity. the apparent kt for pgf2 alpha transport by the rabbit choroid plexus was 20 microm; the jmax was 27 nmol g-1 min-1. the ki of inhibition of pgf2 alpha transport by pge2 was 20 microm; the jmax of pgf2 alpha transport was unaltered by pge2. a concentration of p-aminohippuric acid ... | 1986 | 3517230 |
| cold-stable microtubules from antarctic fishes contain unique alpha tubulins. | the cytoplasmic microtubules of antarctic fishes assemble from their tubulin subunits at physiological body temperatures in the range -2 to +2 degrees c. our objective is to determine the structural features that enhance the assembly of antarctic fish tubulins at low temperatures. here we compare the structures of tubulin subunits from three antarctic fishes (notothenia gibberifrons, notothenia coriiceps neglecta, and chaenocephalus aceratus), from three temperate fishes (the dogfish shark muste ... | 1987 | 3597376 |
| the elasmobranch renal corpuscle: fine structure of bowman's capsule and the glomerular capillary wall. | the fine structure of the renal corpuscle of the marine elasmobranch fish, the little skate (raja erinacea), and two species of dogfish sharks, the spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias) and the smooth dogfish (mustelus canis), was studied by light microscopy and by transmission (thin sections, freeze-fracture replicas) and scanning electron microscopy. bowman's capsule was lined by ciliated cells, similar to those of the first part of the tubule, at the urinary pole and squamous cells in the zone be ... | 1987 | 3631544 |
| exophiala pisciphila. a study of its development. | exophiala pisciphila is a dematiaceous fungus that belongs to a group of fungi known as the 'black yeasts'. it was isolated from the skin lesions of a smooth dogfish, mustelus canis mitchill, that had been born in the shark exhibit tank of the new york aquarium. the different stages of development of this fungus were studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to illustrate the morphology and surface structures of conidia and mycelium. the list of marine and fresh water fish, wh ... | 1986 | 3713799 |
| histological and histochemical studies of post-ovulatory and pre-ovultory atretic follicles in mustelus canis. | | 1972 | 4111712 |
| immunochemical studies on pepsinogens a, c and d from the smooth dogfish, mustelus canis. | | 1971 | 4995437 |
| dogfish ganglion cell discharge resulting from extrinsic polarization of the horizontal cells. | 1. ganglion cell discharges were evoked by extrinsic polarization of the horizontal cells in the retina of the smooth dogfish (mustelus canis). depolarization of the horizontal cell gave rise to a discharge similar to that evoked by a spot of light (centre type response) and hyperpolarization of the horizontal cell, a discharge similar to that by an annulus (surround type response).2. procion dye injection established that the current-passing electrode was sometimes located in the external horiz ... | 1972 | 5039283 |
| studies on the structure and function of muscle aldolase. v. molecular characterization of the enzyme from shark (mustelus canis). | | 1971 | 5126224 |
| synthesis and use of new spin labeled derivatives of phosphorylcholine in a comparative study of human, dogfish, and limulus c-reactive proteins. | new spin labeled derivatives of phosphorylcholine have been synthesized. the compounds cause reversible inhibition of the precipitation reactions between pneumococcal c-polysaccharide and the c-reactive proteins from humans, dogfish sharks (mustelus canis), and horseshoe crabs (limulus polyphemus). the spin labeled phosphorylcholine derivatives also rival phosphorylcholine as a ligand for the human, dogfish, and limulus c-reactive proteins. the interactions of the purified c-reactive proteins wi ... | 1983 | 6300060 |
| isolation and characterization of two major serum proteins from the dogfish, mustelus canis, c-reactive protein and amyloid p component. | two major serum components from the dogfish, mustelus canis, have been isolated using affinity chromatography. both proteins bind to an ah-sepharose 4b-phosphorylcholine affinity matrix in the presence of ca2+ and are eluted from the column by edta. upon readdition of ca2+ to the eluted proteins, the two proteins can be separated by passage through a column of sepharose cl-4b. the first protein, c-reactive protein, passes through the sepharose cl-4b column in the presence of ca2+ whereas the sec ... | 1983 | 6403520 |
| elasmobranch oculomotor organization: anatomical and theoretical aspects of the phylogenetic development of vestibulo-oculomotor connectivity. | the oculomotor organization of two elasmobranch species, smooth dogfish (mustelus canis) and little skate (raja erinacea), was studied by investigating the extraocular muscle apparatus and the oculomotor motoneuron distribution. the macroscopic appearance of the eye muscles was similar to any lateral-eyed vertebrate species (e.g., goldfish, rabbit). the size of extraocular muscles was expressed by counting single muscle fibers and comparing cross-sectional areas of the extraocular muscles. there ... | 1984 | 6470223 |
| photoaffinity labeling of the ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. | the mammalian aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor is a soluble protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). little is known, however, about the presence and properties of this receptor in nonmammalian species. in these studies, we sought evidence for an ah receptor in the liver or liver-equivalent of diverse species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. velocity sedimentation analysis of hepatic cy ... | 1994 | 8161208 |
| the parasite assemblage in the spiral intestine of the shark mustelus canis. | the parasite assemblage in the 8 chambers of the spiral intestine of 49 specimens of the shark mustelus canis collected from long island sound and off the coast of virginia was investigated. assemblages within host individuals were composed of up to 3 of 4 species of cestodes: the trypanorhynch species prochristianella tumidula and lacistorhynchus tenuis and the hooked tetraphyllidean species calliobothrium verticillatum and calliobothrium lintoni. each individual shark hosted 1-3 (mean = 2.17) ... | 1993 | 8277382 |
| levels of ethanolamine intermediates in the human and rat visual system structures: comparison with neural tissues of a lower vertebrate (mustelus canis) and an invertebrate (loligo pealei). | levels of ethanolamine intermediates in the retina and optic nerves of autopsied human donors and in the rat visual system (retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus) were measured. amounts were also obtained from the retina, optic nerve, and optic tectum of a primitive elasmobranch, the smooth dogfish mustelus canis, and from the related nervous structures (retina, optic lobe, fin nerve, and stellate ganglia) of a marine invertebrate, the squid loligo pealei. in all regi ... | 1993 | 8443564 |
| evolutionary comparison of enzyme activities of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in the nervous system of an invertebrate (loligo pealei), lower vertebrate (mustelus canis) and the rat. | while steady-state kinetic parameters (metabolite pools, km and activation energies) are partially known for the enzymes involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis and degradation in mammalian brain, they are not available for the nervous system of lower vertebrates or invertebrates. since the extent of evolutionary development of an enzyme is not known a priori, we evaluated the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of choline kinase, ctp:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, choline phosphotransf ... | 1995 | 8529026 |
| analysis of calliobothrium (tetraphyllidea:onchobothriidae) with descriptions of three new species and erection of a new genus. | examination of voucher or type material, or both, of 9 of the 10 currently recognized species of calliobothrium resulted in redescriptions of c. evani, c. lintoni, and c. pellucidum, and emendations of the descriptions of c. eschrichti and c. leuckarti. new collections of calliobothrium from the spiral intestines of mustelus spp. led to the discovery of 3 new species: calliobothrium hayhowi n. sp. from mustelus antarcticus in australia, calliobothrium riseri n sp. from mustelus henlei in the sea ... | 1997 | 9267417 |
| molecular evolution of two vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptors (ahr1 and ahr2) and the pas family. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor through which halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) cause altered gene expression and toxicity. the ahr belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix/per-arnt-sim (bhlh-pas) family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, whose members play key roles in development, circadian rhythmicity, and environmental homeostasis; however, the normal cellular function of the ahr is not yet kn ... | 1997 | 9391097 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor function in early vertebrates: inducibility of cytochrome p450 1a in agnathan and elasmobranch fish. | the mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that controls the expression of cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) genes in response to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). the natural ligand and normal physiologic function of this protein are as yet unknown. one approach to understanding ahr function and significance is to determine the evolutionary history of this receptor and of processes such as cyp1a induction ... | 1998 | 9827018 |
| total mercury in muscle tissue of five shark species from brazilian offshore waters: effects of feeding habit, sex, and length. | this study was carried out to assess mercury levels in fish from brazilian offshore waters. generally sharks have relatively high mercury levels which are also affected by diet, age (associated with length), and sex. total mercury levels were determined in five shark species with different habits (carcharhinus signatus, mustelus canis, mustelus norrisi, squalus megalops, and squalus mitsukurii) which were collected during 1997 in southern brazil's offshore waters. the highest mercury concentrati ... | 2002 | 12176009 |
| renal chloride excretion by the smooth dog-fish, mustelus canis. | | 1950 | 14791501 |
| levels of choline intermediates in the visual system structures and in peripheral nerve of the rat: comparison with neural tissues of a lower vertebrate (mustelus canis) and an invertebrate (loligo pealei). | the levels of choline intermediate endogenous pools in structures of the visual system (retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus) and in sciatic nerve of adult (4-month-old) and young (30-day-old) rats were measured. the amounts were also obtained from retina, optic nerve, optic tectum and cranio-spinal nerves of a primitive elasmobranch, the smooth dogfish mustelus canis, and from related nervous structures (retina, optic lobe, fin nerve, stellar nerve and stellate gang ... | 1990 | 20504663 |
| evolution of asynchronous motor activity in paired muscles: effects of ecology, morphology, and phylogeny. | many studies of feeding behavior have implanted electrodes unilaterally (in muscles on only one side of the head) to determine the basic motor patterns of muscles controlling the jaws. however, bilateral implantation has the potential to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of modification of the motor activity that may be occurring between the left and right sides of the head. in particular, complex processing of prey is often characterized by bilaterally asynchronous and even unilateral ... | 2008 | 21669790 |
| a retrospective study of disease in elasmobranchs. | this report reviews diseases of 1546 elasmobranchs representing at least 60 species submitted to northwest zoopath from 1994 to 2010. cownose rays (rhinoptera bonasus) (78), southern rays (dasyatis americana) (75), dusky smooth-hounds (mustelus canis) (74), bonnethead sharks (sphyrna tiburo) (66), and bamboo sharks (hemiscylliidae) (56) were the most commonly submitted species. infectious/inflammatory disease was most common (33.5%) followed by nutritional (11.9%, mostly emaciation), traumatic ( ... | 2013 | 23528944 |
| structure and glycosylation of the term yolk sac placenta and uterine attachment site in the viviparous shark mustelus canis. | the viviparous shark mustelus canis nurtures its young within the uterus by means of a modified yolk sac which functions as a placenta. two term specimens have been examined with a panel of 21 biotinylated lectins to assess whether glycans form a prominent interface between fetal and maternal tissues as in their therian counterparts. the yolk sac placenta was lined by a thin egg envelope which apposed though did not make contact with the uterine epithelium, and expressed fucosyl, n-acetyl glucos ... | 2004 | 15451197 |
| a general method for the introduction of enzymes, by means of immunoglobulin-coated liposomes, into lysosomes of deficient cells. | phagocytes of the smooth dogfish (mustelus canis) contain no endogenous peroxidase within their lysosomes and constitute models for cells genetically deficient in lysosomal enzymes such as myeloperoxidase. we have obtained uptake of over 50% of exogenous horseradish peroxidase, provided the enzyme is exhibited to cells after incorporation into liposomes coated with heat-aggregated (62 degrees, 10 min), isologous igm. trapping of horseradish peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) by liposomes was established b ... | 1975 | 1054517 |
| characterization of the functional and anatomical differences in the atrial and ventricular myocardium from three species of elasmobranch fishes: smooth dogfish (mustelus canis), sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus), and clearnose skate (raja eglanteria). | we assessed the functional properties in atrial and ventricular myocardium (using isolated cardiac strips) of smooth dogfish (mustelus canis), clearnose skate (raja eglanteria), and sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) by blocking ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) with ryanodine and thapsigargin and measuring the resultant changes in contraction-relaxation parameters and the force-frequency relationship at 20 °c and 30 °c. we also examined ultrastructural differences with elec ... | 2017 | 27686667 |
| mechanical properties of the hyomandibula in four shark species. | sharks have cartilaginous elements that support the jaws and are subjected to variable loads. the aim of this study was to understand how these elements, the hyomandibulae, respond to compressive loads, and to describe the structural level mechanical properties of mineralized cartilage. mechanical stiffness and effective poisson's ratio of the hyomandibular cartilage were measured in four species of sharks (white-spotted bamboo, chiloscyllium plagiosum; spiny dogfish, squalus acanthias; sandbar, ... | 2015 | 25376603 |
| spectral sensitivity, luminous sensitivity, and temporal resolution of the visual systems in three sympatric temperate coastal shark species. | we used electroretinography (erg) to determine spectral and luminous sensitivities, and the temporal resolution (flicker fusion frequency, fff) in three sympatric (but phylogenetically distant) coastal shark species: carcharhinus plumbeus (sandbar shark), mustelus canis (smooth dogfish), and squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish). spectral sensitivities were similar (range ~400-600 nm, peak sensitivity ~470 nm), with a high likelihood of rod/cone dichromacy enhancing contrast discrimination. spiny do ... | 2014 | 25319537 |
| selection of cholera toxin specific ignar single-domain antibodies from a naïve shark library. | shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (ignar, also referred to as nar) variable domains (vs) are single-domain antibody (sdab) fragments containing only two hypervariable loop structures forming 3d topologies for a wide range of antigen recognition and binding. their small size ( approximately 12kda) and high solubility, thermostability and binding specificity make ignars an exceptional alternative source of engineered antibodies for sensor applications. here, two new shark nar v display lib ... | 2007 | 17007931 |