| complete sequence of a cdna clone specifying sandbar shark immunoglobulin light chain: gene organization and implications for the evolution of light chains. | a full-length cdna clone specifying sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) immunoglobulin light chain has been isolated and sequenced. by alignment with human lambda chains, the leader, framework, complementarity-determining, joining, and constant regions are clearly identified in the shark light chain. approximately 40-50% identity is shared between the human and shark sequences in the variable and constant regions. we have performed sequence comparisons of the individual segments and constructe ... | 1992 | 1729697 |
| evolution of immunoglobulin light chains: cdna clones specifying sandbar shark constant regions. | sharks are living fossils that are indistinguishable morphologically from their devonian ancestors of approximately equal to 400 million years ago. if parallel conservatism characterizes their biochemical evolution, characterization of their immunoglobulin chains could provide information regarding the primordial features of these essential defense molecules. shark immunoglobulins are polydisperse like those of mammals, but these species lack homogeneous myeloma proteins. this heterogeneity has ... | 1989 | 2513577 |
| partial characterization of immunoglobulin light chains of carcharhine sharks: evidence for phylogenetic conservation of variable region and divergence of constant region structure. | isolated light chains of igm-type immunoglobulins of carcharhine sharks were analyzed by serological and biochemical means. when analyzed by isoelectric focusing analysis, light chains of the tiger shark (galecerdo cuvieri), the galapagos shark (carcharhinus galapagensis) and the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) showed a broad, but patterned, spectrum of bands ranging from pi 5.0 to 7.7 in which discrete families were observed. serologically, light chains of the galapagos shark cross-reacte ... | 1988 | 3127255 |
| a new high molecular weight immunoglobulin class from the carcharhine shark: implications for the properties of the primordial immunoglobulin. | all immunoglobulins and t-cell receptors throughout phylogeny share regions of highly conserved amino acid sequence. to identify possible primitive immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-like molecules, we utilized 3' race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) and a highly conserved constant region consensus amino acid sequence to isolate a new immunoglobulin class from the sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus. the immunoglobulin, termed igw, in its secreted form consists of 782 amino acids and is expre ... | 1996 | 8622930 |
| cloning of shark rag2 and characterization of the rag1/rag2 gene locus. | the recombination-activating genes (rag) encode a site-specific recombinase that is centrally responsible for the rearrangement of genomic v(d)j exons necessary to form functional immunoglobulin and t-cell receptor genes. to help elucidate the origins of the rag genes, we have cloned the rag2 gene from the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) and characterized the entire rag1/rag2 gene locus. the shark rag2 protein consists of 520 amino acids, is approximately 50% identical with rag2 proteins f ... | 2003 | 12551847 |
| hematology of the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus: standardization of complete blood count techniques for elasmobranchs. | standardized hematologic methods and reference intervals have not been established for cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, and rays) despite the large number of animals displayed in zoos and aquariums worldwide. | 2005 | 15902662 |
| recombinant shark natural antibodies to thyroglobulin. | as cartilaginous fish are the vertebrates most distal from man to produce antibodies, fundamental information regarding conservation and variation of the antigen binding site should be gained by comparing the properties of antibodies directed against the same antigen from the two species. since monoclonal cell lines cannot be generated using shark b cells, we isolated antigen binding recombinant single chain fv antibodies (scfv) comprising of the complete variable regions from shark light and he ... | 2005 | 15954089 |
| effects of hypoxia on vertebrate blood vessels. | hypoxia contracts mammalian respiratory vessels and increases vascular resistance in respiratory tissues of many vertebrates. in systemic vessels these responses vary, hypoxia relaxes mammalian vessels and contracts systemic arteries from cyclostomes. it has been proposed that hypoxic vasoconstriction in cyclostome systemic arteries is the antecedent to mammalian hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, phylogenetic characterization of hypoxic responses is lacking. in this study, we characte ... | 2008 | 18214862 |
| cross matching of blood in carcharhiniform, lamniform, and orectolobiform sharks. | the transfusion of whole blood in elasmobranchs could provide cardiovascular support following hemorrhage. since donor and recipient compatibility is not known, a technique was established to allow cross matching of red blood cells and serum in sharks. cross matching was carried out among 19 individuals from seven species: the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum), sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus), sandtiger shark (carcharias taurus), white-spotted bamboo shark (chiloscyllium plagiosum), bro ... | 2010 | 20945647 |
| electrosensitive spatial vectors in elasmobranch fishes: implications for source localization. | the electrosense of sharks and rays is used to detect weak dipole-like bioelectric fields of prey, mates and predators, and several models propose a use for the detection of streaming ocean currents and swimming-induced fields for geomagnetic orientation. we assessed pore distributions, canal vectors, complementarity and possible evolutionary divergent functions for ampullary clusters in two sharks, the scalloped hammerhead (sphyrna lewini) and the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus), and the ... | 2011 | 21249147 |
| sperm storage in male elasmobranchs: a description and survey. | two basic types of spermatozoan aggregates, spermatophores and spermatozeugmata, found in 14 different species of sharks, one species of skate, and one species of chimaera (holocephalan), were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. spermatophores, aggregates (usually 1,000-6,000 microns in diameter and larger) of randomly clumped sperm embedded in and surrounded by an eosinophilic matrix, were found in alopias superciliosus, odontaspis taurus, carcharodon carcharias, isurus o ... | 1994 | 8169955 |
| ultrastructure of the full-term shark yolk sac placenta. ii. the smooth, proximal segment. | the smooth, proximal portion of the yolk sac placenta of the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus is comprised of: (1) an outermost epithelial ectoderm; (2) an intervening collagenous stroma; and (3) an inner mesothelium. the surface epithelium may be one to three cell layers thick. the surface epithelium comprises two cell types. a cuboidal cell that has a dome-like apical surface covered with microvilli and an ovoid nucleus predominate. these cells contain lipid inclusions, many cytoplasmic fi ... | 1985 | 4094014 |
| isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci from galeocerdo cuvier (tiger shark) and cross-amplification in carcharhinus leucas, carcharhinus brevipinna, carcharhinus plumbeus and sphyrna lewini. | the tiger shark galeocerdo cuvier (carcharhinidae) is a large elasmobranch suspected to have, as other apex predators, a keystone function in marine ecosystems and is currently considered near threatened (red list iucn). knowledge on its ecology, which is crucial to design proper conservation and management plans, is very scarce. here we describe the isolation of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci using 454 gs-flx titanium pyrosequencing of enriched dna libraries. their characteristics were t ... | 2016 | 27231661 |
| erection of a new onchobothriid genus (cestoda: tetraphyllidea) and the description of five new species from whaler sharks (carcharhinidae). | the onchobothriid triloculatum n. gen. is erected to house species formerly considered members of phoreiobothrium, but that bear 3, rather than 5 or more, bothridial subloculi. the species formerly known as phoreiobothrium triloculatum is designated as its type. this species is redescribed based on 2 syntypes and on voucher material consistent with type material taken from the type host, carcharhinus obscurus, from the type and 1 additional locality. examination of the cestode fauna of a diversi ... | 2009 | 20049998 |
| halogenated bipyrroles and methoxylated tetrabromodiphenyl ethers in tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier) from the southern coast of japan. | naturally produced halogenated bipyrroles (hbps) and methoxylated tetrabdes (meo-tetrabdes) are lipophilic and persistent, and therefore may bioaccumulate with higher trophic levels. in this study, the livers of tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier) collected from the southern coast of japan were investigated for size-related bioaccumulation of natural hbps and meo-tetrabdes in comparison with anthropogenic pcbs and pbdes. heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (cl7-mbp) and hexahalogenated 1,1'-dimethy ... | 2009 | 19452876 |
| differences in hematocrit of blood samples obtained from two venipuncture sites in sharks. | to evaluate differences in hct between 2 venipuncture sites in captive and free-ranging sharks. | 2006 | 17078747 |
| predicting occurrence of juvenile shark habitat to improve conservation planning. | fishing and habitat degradation have increased the extinction risk of sharks, and conservation strategies recognize that survival of juveniles is critical for the effective management of shark populations. despite the rapid expansion of marine protected areas (mpas) globally, the paucity of shark-monitoring data on large scales (100s-1000s km) means that the effectiveness of mpas in halting shark declines remains unclear. using data collected by baited remote underwater video systems (bruvs) in ... | 2016 | 27901304 |
| modelling tooth-prey interactions in sharks: the importance of dynamic testing. | the shape of shark teeth varies among species, but traditional testing protocols have revealed no predictive relationship between shark tooth morphology and performance. we developed a dynamic testing device to quantify cutting performance of teeth. we mimicked head-shaking behaviour in feeding large sharks by attaching teeth to the blade of a reciprocating power saw fixed in a custom-built frame. we tested three tooth types at biologically relevant speeds and found differences in tooth cutting ... | 2016 | 27853592 |
| confirmation of the occurrence of the sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus (nardo, 1827) at norfolk island, tasman sea. | the occurrence of the sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus at norfolk island is confirmed. carcharhinus plumbeus occurs over the mid to outer insular shelf from 38 m to at least 53 m depth, and appears to be at least as abundant as c. galapagensis in this habitat. no c. plumbeus were caught from shore despite most fishing effort being land-based. the presence of young-of-the-year confirms c. plumbeus breeds on the norfolk island shelf. size at birth and the timing of parturition appear similar to ... | 2016 | 27701257 |
| characterization of the functional and anatomical differences in the atrial and ventricular myocardium from three species of elasmobranch fishes: smooth dogfish (mustelus canis), sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus), and clearnose skate (raja eglanteria). | we assessed the functional properties in atrial and ventricular myocardium (using isolated cardiac strips) of smooth dogfish (mustelus canis), clearnose skate (raja eglanteria), and sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) by blocking ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) with ryanodine and thapsigargin and measuring the resultant changes in contraction-relaxation parameters and the force-frequency relationship at 20 °c and 30 °c. we also examined ultrastructural differences with elec ... | 2017 | 27686667 |
| determinants of coronary blood flow in sandbar sharks, carcharhinus plumbeus. | the coronary circulation first appeared in the chordate lineage in cartilaginous fishes where, as in birds and mammals but unlike most teleost fishes, it supplies arterial blood to the entire myocardium. despite the pivotal position of elasmobranch fishes in the evolution of the coronary circulation, the determinants of coronary blood flow have never been investigated in this group. elasmobranch fishes are of special interest because of the morphological arrangement of their cardiomyocytes. unli ... | 2017 | 27678513 |
| aversive responses of captive sandbar sharks carcharhinus plumbeus to strong magnetic fields. | this experimental study focused on the possible deterrent effect of permanent magnets on adult sandbar sharks carcharhinus plumbeus. results showed that the presence of a magnetic field significantly reduced the number of approaches of conditioned c. plumbeus towards a target indicating that adult c. plumbeus can be deterred by strong magnetic fields. these data, therefore, confirm that the use of magnetic devices to reduce shark by-catch is a promising avenue. | 2016 | 27323691 |
| histological and morphological aspects of reproduction in the sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus in the u.s. south-eastern atlantic ocean and gulf of mexico. | the reproduction of the sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus in the u.s. south-eastern atlantic ocean including the gulf of mexico was examined using a combination of histological and morphological characteristics of c. plumbeus collected through fishery-dependent and -independent sampling programmes (n = 1,567). indices of maturity were constructed using measurements of gonads, reproductive tracts and claspers, and sandbar sharks exhibited 50% maturity sizes of 140 and 148 cm fork length for mal ... | 2016 | 27021112 |
| bioaccumulation of pcbs in liver tissue of dusky carcharhinus obscurus, sandbar c. plumbeus and white carcharodon carcharias sharks from south-eastern australian waters. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the marine environment that are known to accumulate in apex predators such as sharks. liver samples from dusky carcharhinus obscurus, sandbar carcharhinus plumbeus, and white carcharodon carcharias sharks from south-eastern australian waters were analysed for the seven indicator pcbs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180. median ∑pcbs were significantly higher in white than sandbar sharks (3.35 and 0.36 μg g(-1) lipid, respectively, p=0. ... | 2015 | 26555794 |
| metal and metalloid concentrations in the tissues of dusky carcharhinus obscurus, sandbar c. plumbeus and white carcharodon carcharias sharks from south-eastern australian waters, and the implications for human consumption. | shark fisheries have expanded due to increased demand for shark products. as long-lived apex predators, sharks are susceptible to bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids, and biomagnification of some such as hg, primarily through diet. this may have negative health implications for human consumers. concentrations of hg, as, cd, cu, fe, se and zn were analysed in muscle, liver and fin fibres (ceratotrichia) from dusky carcharhinus obscurus, sandbar carcharhinus plumbeus, and white carcharodon ca ... | 2015 | 25656241 |
| validation of the i-stat system for the analysis of blood gases and acid-base status in juvenile sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus). | accurate measurements of blood gases and acid-base status require an array of sophisticated laboratory equipment that is typically not available during field research; such is the case for many studies on the stress physiology, ecology and conservation of elasmobranch fish species. consequently, researchers have adopted portable clinical analysers that were developed for the analysis of human blood characteristics, but often without thoroughly validating these systems for their use on fish. the ... | 2015 | 27293687 |
| mechanical properties of the hyomandibula in four shark species. | sharks have cartilaginous elements that support the jaws and are subjected to variable loads. the aim of this study was to understand how these elements, the hyomandibulae, respond to compressive loads, and to describe the structural level mechanical properties of mineralized cartilage. mechanical stiffness and effective poisson's ratio of the hyomandibular cartilage were measured in four species of sharks (white-spotted bamboo, chiloscyllium plagiosum; spiny dogfish, squalus acanthias; sandbar, ... | 2015 | 25376603 |
| spectral sensitivity, luminous sensitivity, and temporal resolution of the visual systems in three sympatric temperate coastal shark species. | we used electroretinography (erg) to determine spectral and luminous sensitivities, and the temporal resolution (flicker fusion frequency, fff) in three sympatric (but phylogenetically distant) coastal shark species: carcharhinus plumbeus (sandbar shark), mustelus canis (smooth dogfish), and squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish). spectral sensitivities were similar (range ~400-600 nm, peak sensitivity ~470 nm), with a high likelihood of rod/cone dichromacy enhancing contrast discrimination. spiny do ... | 2014 | 25319537 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus. | the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus, a major representative species in shark fisheries worldwide is now considered vulnerable to overfishing. a pool of 774,234 roche 454 shotgun sequences from one individual were assembled into a 16,706 bp mitogenome with 33× average coverage depth. it comprised 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer rna's, 2 ribosomal genes and 2 non-coding regions, typical of a vertebrate mitogenome. as expected for sharks, an a-t nucleotide bias was evident. this adds to r ... | 2016 | 24938089 |
| huffmanela cf. carcharhini (nematoda: trichosomoididae: huffmanelinae) from skin of a sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus, in the pacific ocean. | eggs of huffmanela cf. carcharhini from the skin of an aquarium-held, juvenile sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus , from the pacific ocean were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. grossly, eggs imparted a scribble-like skin marking approximately 130 × 60 mm on the right side of the shark's snout adjacent to its eye and nostril. fresh (unfixed) eggs were elliptical, 75-95 µm long (x¯ = 85 µm, sd = ±4.5; n = 75), 48-63 µm wide (53 ± 3.4; 75), 8-10 µm in shell thickness (9 ... | 2012 | 22032442 |
| somatic hypermutation of tcr γ v genes in the sandbar shark. | in a recent publication we demonstrated that somatic hypermutation occurs in the v region of the tcr γ gene of the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus). we hypothesize that similar mechanisms are used to generate somatic mutations in both immunoglobulin and tcr γ genes of the sharks. two distinct patterns of mutation occur, single nucleotide mutations (point mutations) and mutations comprising 2-5 consecutive bases (tandem mutations). our data indicates that point mutations occur by a mechanism ... | 2012 | 21925537 |
| removal of an intracoelomic hook via laparotomy in a sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus). | a twenty-one-year-old male sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) demonstrated signs of chronic weight loss even though its appetite remained unchanged. in addition, the gradual development of a red, circular lesion on its ventral body was noted. after months without any significant changes, a ventral fistula appeared revealing the tip of a wire exposed within its center. the shark was immobilized via intramuscular remote injection through dartgun with etomidate; removed from its exhibit tank; an ... | 2011 | 22946403 |
| world phylogeography and male-mediated gene flow in the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus. | the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus, is a large, cosmopolitan, coastal species. females are thought to show philopatry to nursery grounds while males potentially migrate long distances, creating an opportunity for male-mediated gene flow that may lead to discordance in patterns revealed by mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and nuclear markers. while this dynamic has been investigated in elasmobranchs over small spatial scales, it has not been examined at a global level. we examined patterns of hist ... | 2010 | 20406387 |
| visual optics and ecomorphology of the growing shark eye: a comparison between deep and shallow water species. | elasmobranch fishes utilise their vision as an important source of sensory information, and a range of visual adaptations have been shown to reflect the ecological diversity of this vertebrate group. this study investigates the hypotheses that visual optics can predict differences in habitat and behaviour and that visual optics change with ontogenetic growth of the eye to maintain optical performance. the study examines eye structure, pupillary movement, transmission properties of the ocular med ... | 2009 | 19837900 |
| eye growth in sharks: ecological implications for changes in retinal topography and visual resolution. | the visual abilities of sharks show substantial interspecific variability. in addition, sharks may change their habitat and feeding strategy throughout life. as the eyes of sharks continue to grow throughout the animal's lifetime, ontogenetic variability in visual ability may also occur. the topographic analysis of the photoreceptor and ganglion cell distributions can identify visual specializations and assess changes in visual abilities that may occur concurrently with eye growth. this study ex ... | 2009 | 19698193 |
| characterization of arrangement and expression of the t cell receptor gamma locus in the sandbar shark. | ig and t cell receptor (tcr) genes consist of separate genomic elements, which must undergo rearrangement and joining before a functional protein can be expressed. considerable plasticity in the genomic arrangement of these elements has occurred during the evolution of the immune system. in tetrapods, all ig and tcr chain elements are arranged as translocons. in teleosts, the ig heavy and tcr chains are translocons, but light chain genes may occur as clusters. however, in chondrichthyes, all of ... | 2009 | 19439654 |
| clearance of a dermal huffmanela sp. in a sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) using levamisole. | a wild-caught captive sandbar shark carcharhinus plumbeus developed a contiguous network of darkly pigmented linear tracks that progressed from the snout to the ventral cervical region. microscopic examination of a skin scraping revealed nematode eggs of the genus huffmanela, a group of histozoic nematodes that is known to parasitize requiem sharks and marine and freshwater teleosts. the fresh eggs were darkly pigmented with bipolar plugs, contained a larva, and measured 73.3 to 86.4 by 39.0 to ... | 2006 | 17240757 |
| genetic polyandry and sexual conflict in the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus, in the western north atlantic and gulf of mexico. | to investigate patterns of polyandry in the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus), 20 pregnant females were sampled from the western north atlantic and gulf of mexico. five species-specific microsatellite markers were used to genotype each shark and its litter. of 20 litters, 17 (85%) were shown to have multiple sires. in multiply sired litters, the estimated minimum number of sires ranged from two to five with an average of 2.3 males per litter. regression analysis did not demonstrate a signifi ... | 2007 | 17181730 |
| maneuvering in juvenile carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks: the role of the hammerhead shark cephalofoil. | the peculiar head morphology of hammerhead sharks has spawned a variety of untested functional hypotheses. one of the most intuitively appealing ideas is that the anterior foil acts, as in canard-winged aircraft, to increase maneuverability. we tested this hypothesis by determining whether juveniles of two hammerhead species (sphyrna tiburo and s. lewini) turn more sharply, more often, and with greater velocity than a juvenile carcharhinid shark (carcharhinus plumbeus). although the hammerheads ... | 2003 | 16351888 |
| rapid and simultaneous identification of body parts from the morphologically similar sharks carcharhinus obscurus and carcharhinus plumbeus (carcharhinidae) using multiplex pcr. | many commercially exploited carcharhinid sharks are difficult to identify to species owing to extensive morphological similarities. this problem is severely exacerbated when it comes to identifying detached shark fins, and the finless and headless shark carasses typically sold in markets. to assist in the acquisition of urgently needed conservation and management data on shark catch and trade, we have developed a highly streamlined approach based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that ... | 2001 | 14961360 |
| electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks. | the unique head morphology of sphyrnid sharks might have evolved to enhance electrosensory capabilities. the 'enhanced electroreception' hypothesis was tested by comparing the behavioral responses of similarly sized carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks to prey-simulating electric stimuli. juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks sphyrna lewini and sandbar sharks carcharhinus plumbeus oriented to dipole electric fields from the same maximum distance (approximately 30 cm) and thus demonstrated comparable ... | 2002 | 12409487 |
| prostanoid synthesis in whole blood cells from fish of the arabian gulf. | the ability to synthesise prostaglandins and thromboxane from 14c-labelled arachidonic acid was investigated in 11 species of fish from the arabian gulf. cyclooxygenase activity was assessed in washed whole blood cells. arachidonic acid and its metabolites were extracted and separated on silicic acid columns and thin layer chromatography (silica gel g). total capacity to convert [14c]arachidonic acid to prostanoids varied from 1 to 35% among the 11 fish species studied. gray shark (chiloscyllium ... | 1998 | 9787758 |
| diversity of ig light chain clusters in the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus). | the genes encoding ig chains in elasmobranchs are arranged in clusters or cassettes, an organizational pattern dramatically different from the mammalian translocon gene arrangement. cluster gene arrangements, which have now been found in non-elasmobranchs as well, pose interesting dilemmas for understanding the mechanisms of ig gene expression and regulation in terms of allelic exclusion and clonal selection. we have sequenced five lambda genomic clones encoding complete sandbar shark (carcharhi ... | 1995 | 7561099 |
| genomic clone for sandbar shark lambda light chain: generation of diversity in the absence of gene rearrangement. | while the general structure of immunoglobulin chains has remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution, the organization of the genes encoding these molecules differs substantially. to understand how the rearranging immunoglobulin system arose, it is necessary to examine living representatives of the most early vertebrate phyla. elasmo-branches, which include the sharks, skates, and rays, are the most primitive phylogenetic class of vertebrates from which immunoglobulin dna sequences have b ... | 1993 | 8234330 |
| purification of a novel heterodimer from shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) serum by gel-immobilized metal chromatography. | 1. resolution of the fraction of sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) serum that was soluble in 50% saturated ammonium sulfate by gel-immobilized metal-affinity chromatography allowed the isolation of a novel disulfide-bonded heterodimer of intact mass 70 kda. 2. following reduction, the molecule could be resolved into two chains of apparent mass 36 and 24 kda. 3. the molecules were glycoproteins as determined by an observed reduction in molecular weight following enzymatic glycosylation. 4. th ... | 1992 | 1458832 |
| the immunoglobulins of carcharhine sharks: a comparison of serological and biochemical properties. | the immunoglobulins of three carcharhine sharks were isolated from serum by means of salt precipitation and gel chromatography. the galapagos shark (carcharhinus galapagensis), the sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) and the tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvieri) each contained high molecular weight (18s) and low molecular weight (7s) igm-like molecules as the major serum immunoglobulins. both within and between species 18s and 7s immunoglobulins closely resemble each other in antigenic character, p ... | 1987 | 3581801 |
| conservation among the immunoglobulins of carcharhine sharks and phylogenetic conservation of variable region determinants. | to study primitive vertebrate recognition molecules we have purified the immunoglobulins of three species of carcharhine sharks. the tiger (galeocerdo cuvieri), the sandbar (carcharhinus plumbeus) and the galapagos sharks (carcharhinus galapagensis) possess 18s high molecular weight and 7s low molecular weight immunoglobulin forms. both within and between species these forms closely resemble each other in polypeptide chain composition, heavy chain mass, carbohydrate content, amino acid compositi ... | 1986 | 3094228 |
| vibrio species associated with mortality of sharks held in captivity. | two urease-positivevibrio spp. were isolated from a brown shark (carcharhinus plumbeus) that died in captivity at a national aquarium. morphological, biochemical, and molecular genetic studies revealed one of the isolates to bev. damsela; the other isolate was unique and has been classified asv. carchariae sp. nov. bothv. damsela andv. carchariae were found to be virulent for spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias), causing death in less than 18 hours after intraperitoneal injection of ca. 4×10(6) cel ... | 1984 | 24221148 |
| fetal mummification in the sandbar shark, carcharhinus plumbeus (nardo, 1827). | | 1983 | 6684186 |
| skeletal lesions and deformities in large sharks. | four blunt-snouted sandbar sharks (carcharhinus plumbeus) were noted among 555 examined over a 13-yr period. radiographs of one specimen revealed that the three rostral cartilage rods were abnormally short and failed to join at the anterior tip. the deformity appeared to be congenital. four cases of vertebral lesions were noted in three species of shark (carcharhinus plumbeus, negaprion brevirostris and odontaspis taurus). the vertebral columns had fused centra, ribs and neural arches, extra dep ... | 1983 | 6842732 |
| inhibitory effect of shark serum on the lewis lung carcinoma. | the growth and metastasis of transplanted lewis lung carcinoma in c57bl/6j mice were inhibited by an ip injection of whole serum from carcharhinus plumbeus, the sandbar shark. tumors failed to develop in 69% of the animals inoculated with shark serum on days 0, 3, and 6 after tumor transplantation. histologic examination of the tumor site at days 3 and 6 showed that tumor cells were pyknotic, and evidence of lysis of tumor cells and minor leukocytic infiltration existed. tumor cells were not in ... | 1976 | 994208 |