| isolation and characterization of fatty acid binding protein in the liver of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | 1. a 14.5 kda fatty acid binding protein was isolated from the liver of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. 2. purified shark liver fabp (pi = 5.4) bound oleic acid at a single site with an affinity similar to that of mammalian fabp. 3. the apparent size, pi and amino acid composition of shark liver fabp indicate a close structural relationship between this protein and mammalian heart fabp. | 1991 | 1709075 |
| the primary structure of fatty-acid-binding protein from nurse shark liver. structural and evolutionary relationship to the mammalian fatty-acid-binding protein family. | the primary structure of a fatty-acid-binding protein (fabp) isolated from the liver of the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry (employing multichannel array detection) and edman degradation. shark liver fabp consists of 132 amino acids with an acetylated n-terminal valine. the chemical molecular mass of the intact protein determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (mr = 15124 +/- 2.5) was in good agreement with that calcu ... | 1992 | 1735421 |
| elasmobranch vision: multimodal integration in the brain. | multimodal sensory areas that include vision have been identified physiologically in two separate pallial areas in the telencephalon and in the tectum of the mesencephalon. multisensory integration occurs in the medial pallium of the little skate, raja erinacea, and a primitive squalomorph shark, squalus acanthias, whereas in the advanced galeomorph shark, ginglymostoma cirratum, a major multimodal area is in the dorsal pallium pars centralis. pars centralis has undergone extensive hypertrophy i ... | 1990 | 1982491 |
| a comparative study of monooxygenase activity in elasmobranchs and mammals: activation of the model pro-carcinogen aflatoxin b1 by liver preparations of calf, nurse shark and clearnose skate. | liver microsome preparations of the elasmobranchs ginglymostoma cirratum (nurse shark) and raja eglanteria (clearnose skate) were examined for monooxygenase activity using aflatoxin b1 as substrate. at equiprotein concentrations, elasmobranch microsomes were less than 20% as active as calf liver in producing mutagenic metabolites of aflatoxin b1. | 1985 | 2866897 |
| purification and characterization of creatine kinase isozymes from the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum. | creatine kinase from nurse shark brain and muscle has been purified to apparent homogeneity. in contrast to creatine kinases from most other vertebrate species, the muscle isozyme and the brain isozyme from nurse shark migrate closely in electrophoresis and, unusually, the muscle isozyme is anodal to the brain isozyme. the isoelectric points are 5.3 and 6.2 for the muscle and brain isozymes, respectively. the purified brain preparation also contains a second active protein with pi 6.0. the amino ... | 1986 | 3956172 |
| the first component (c1n) of the complement system of the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). i. hemolytic characteristics of partially purified c1n. | | 1973 | 4685400 |
| a specific inactivator of mammalian c'4 isolated from nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) serum. | a material which specifically inactivates mammalian c'4 was isolated from low ionic strength precipitates of nurse shark serum. the c'4 inactivator was not detected in whole serum. the conditions of its generation and its immunoelectrophoretic behavior seem to indicate that it is an enzymatically formed cleavage product of a precursor contained in whole shark serum. the inactivator was partially purified and characterized. it had an s-value of 3.3 (sucrose gradient) which was in agreement with i ... | 1969 | 4893886 |
| immunoglobulin synthesis in neonatal nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum). | | 1969 | 4982087 |
| production of 19s igm antibodies with restricted heterogeneity from sharks. | two of three nurse sharks, ginglymostoma cirratum, immunized with streptococcal a-variant vaccine, produced over 7 mg/ml serum of 19s igm antibody to the group-specific carbohydrate. the light chains of this specific antibody from one shark were separated into multiple bands by disc electrophoresis. the light chains from the other antibody-producing animal were much less heterogeneous and gave only one predominant band. | 1971 | 5276285 |
| purification and structural characterization of a fatty acid-binding protein from the liver of the catfish rhamdia sapo. | we report here the isolation of a fatty acid-binding protein (fabp) from the liver of the catfish rhamdia sapo. the purification procedure involves gel filtration, anion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the purified protein is basic (pi > 8.7) and migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis as a single entity of about 15 kda. its amino acid composition resembles those of fabps isolated from other animals. unlike mammalian liver fabps, c ... | 1996 | 8829803 |
| shark complement: an assessment. | the classical (ccp) and alternative (acp) pathways of complement activation have been established for the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). the isolation of a cdna clone encoding a mannan-binding protein-associated serine protease (masp)-1-like protein from the japanese dogfish (triakis scyllia) suggests the presence of a lectin pathway. the ccp consists of six functionally distinct components: c1n, c2n, c3n, c4n, c8n and c9n, and is activated by immune complexes in the presence of ca++ and ... | 1998 | 9914903 |
| selection and characterization of naturally occurring single-domain (ignar) antibody fragments from immunized sharks by phage display. | the novel immunoglobulin isotype novel antigen receptor (ignar) is found in cartilaginous fish and is composed of a heavy-chain homodimer that does not associate with light chains. the variable regions of ignar function as independent domains similar to those found in the heavy-chain immunoglobulins of camelids. here, we describe the successful cloning and generation of a phage-displayed, single-domain library based upon the variable domain of ignar. selection of such a library generated from nu ... | 2003 | 12909128 |
| molecular cloning of c4 gene and identification of the class iii complement region in the shark mhc. | to clarify the evolutionary origin of the linkage of the mhc class iii complement genes with the mhc class i and ii genes, we isolated c4 cdna from the banded hound shark (triakis scyllium). upon phylogenetic tree analysis, shark c4 formed a well-supported cluster with c4 of higher vertebrates, indicating that the c3/c4 gene duplication predated the divergence of cartilaginous fish from the main line of vertebrate evolution. the deduced amino acid sequence predicted the typical c4 three-subunits ... | 2003 | 12928394 |
| homologs of cd83 from elasmobranch and teleost fish. | dendritic cells are one of the most important cell types connecting innate and adaptive immunity, but very little is known about their evolutionary origins. to begin to study dendritic cells from lower vertebrates, we isolated and characterized cd83 from the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum (gici)) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss (onmy)). the open reading frames for gici-cd83 (194 aa) and onmy-cd83 (218 aa) display approximately 28-32% identity to mammalian cd83 with the presence of tw ... | 2004 | 15383588 |
| rapid isolation of ignar variable single-domain antibody fragments from a shark synthetic library. | the immunoglobulin isotype ignar (novel antigen receptor) was discovered in the serum of the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) and wobbegong shark (orectolobus maculates) as a homodimer of two protein chains, each composed of a single variable domain (v) domain and five constant domains. the ignar variable domain contains an intact antigen-binding site and functions as an independent domain able to react to antigen with both high specificity and affinity. here we describe the successful const ... | 2007 | 16500706 |
| shark attacks in dakar and the cap vert peninsula, senegal: low incidence despite high occurrence of potentially dangerous species. | the international shark attack file mentions only four unprovoked shark attacks on the coast of west africa during the period 1828-2004, an area where high concentrations of sharks and 17 species potentially dangerous to man have been observed. to investigate if the frequency of shark attacks could be really low and not just under-reported and whether there are potentially sharks that might attack in the area, a study was carried out in dakar and the cap vert peninsula, senegal. | 2008 | 18231582 |
| identification of high-mannose and multiantennary complex-type n-linked glycans containing alpha-galactose epitopes from nurse shark igm heavy chain. | maldi-tof mass spectrometry, negative ion nano-electrospray ms/ms and exoglycosidase digestion were used to identify 36 n-linked glycans from 19s igm heavy chain derived from the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). the major glycan was the high-mannose compound, man(6)glcnac(2) accompanied by small amounts of man(5)glcnac(2), man(7)glcnac(2) and man(8)glcnac(2). bi- and tri-antennary (isomer with a branched 3-antenna) complex-type glycans were also abundant, most contained a bisecting glcnac r ... | 2009 | 19156518 |
| molecular and expression analysis of complement component c5 in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) and its predicted functional role. | we present the complete cdna sequence of shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) pro-c5 and its molecular characterization with a descriptive analysis of the structural elements necessary for its potential functional role as a potent mediator of inflammation (fragment c5a) and initiator molecule (fragment c5b) for the assembly of the membrane attack complex (mac) upon activation by c5 convertase. in mammals the three complement activation cascades, the classical, alternative and lectin pathways, converge ... | 2009 | 19410004 |
| molecular characterization of the alpha subunit of complement component c8 (gcc8alpha) in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). | target cell lysis by complement is achieved by the assembly and insertion of the membrane attack complex (mac) composed of glycoproteins c5b through c9. the lytic activity of shark complement involves functional analogues of mammalian c8 and c9. mammalian c8 is composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. the subunit structure of shark c8 is not known. this report describes a 2341 nucleotide sequence that translates into a polypeptide of 589 amino acid residues, orthologue to mammalian c8alpha a ... | 2009 | 19524681 |
| the generation and selection of single-domain, v region libraries from nurse sharks. | the cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, and rays) are the oldest phylogenetic group in which a human-type adaptive immune system and immunoglobulins (igs) have been found. in addition to their conventional (heavy-light chain heterodimeric) isotypes, igm and igw, sharks produce the novel isotype, ignar, a heavy chain homodimer that does not associate with light chains. instead, its variable (v) regions act as independent, soluble units in order to bind antigen. in this chapter, we detail our immu ... | 2009 | 19554288 |
| evolutionarily conserved tcr binding sites, identification of t cells in primary lymphoid tissues, and surprising trans-rearrangements in nurse shark. | cartilaginous fish are the oldest animals that generate rag-based ag receptor diversity. we have analyzed the genes and expressed transcripts of the four tcr chains for the first time in a cartilaginous fish, the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). northern blotting found tcr mrna expression predominantly in lymphoid and mucosal tissues. southern blotting suggested translocon-type loci encoding all four chains. based on diversity of v and j segments, the expressed combinatorial diversity for g ... | 2010 | 20488795 |
| emergence of the acute-phase protein hemopexin in jawed vertebrates. | when released from damaged erythrocytes free heme not only provides a source of iron for invading bacteria but also highly toxic due to its ability to catalyze free radical formation. hemopexin (hx) binds free heme with very high-affinity and thus protects against heme toxicity, sequesters heme from pathogens, and helps conserve valuable iron. hx is also an acute-phase serum protein (app), whose expression is induced by inflammation. to date hx has been identified as far back in phylogeny as bon ... | 2010 | 20884052 |
| cross matching of blood in carcharhiniform, lamniform, and orectolobiform sharks. | the transfusion of whole blood in elasmobranchs could provide cardiovascular support following hemorrhage. since donor and recipient compatibility is not known, a technique was established to allow cross matching of red blood cells and serum in sharks. cross matching was carried out among 19 individuals from seven species: the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum), sandbar shark (carcharhinus plumbeus), sandtiger shark (carcharias taurus), white-spotted bamboo shark (chiloscyllium plagiosum), bro ... | 2010 | 20945647 |
| isolation and characterization of a c-type lysozyme from the nurse shark. | lysozyme is a ubiquitous antibacterial enzyme that occurs in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate species. three forms have been described c-type, g-type and i-type which differ in primary structure. shark lysozyme has not been characterized; here we report on the isolation and characterization of lysozyme from unstimulated shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) leukocytes and provide amino acid sequence data across the highly conserved active site of the molecule identifying it to be a c-type lysozyme. ... | 2013 | 24084042 |
| two visual pathways to the telencephalon in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). ii. ascending thalamo-telencephalic connections. | as part of a study on retino-telencephalic pathways the ascending connections to the telencephalic central nucleus were investigated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. the central nucleus of the telencephalon, which is the main recipient for input from the brainstem, grossly can be divided into three rostrocaudal parts according to their afferent connections. the rostral third receives input mainly from the contralateral central thalamic nucleus and to a lesser degree from the la ... | 1981 | 7204670 |
| two visual pathways to the telencephalon in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). i. retinal projections. | the central projections of the retina in the nurse shark were studied by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated proline. with regard to efferent retinal fibers, both techniques gave completely identical results. projections were found to pretectal area, dorsal thalamus, basal optic nucleus, and optic tectum, all at the contralateral side. the retinal target cells in the dorsal thalamus are restricted to the ventrolateral optic nucleus and the posterior optic nucleus. no ev ... | 1981 | 7204669 |
| a new metric for measuring condition in large predatory sharks. | a simple metric (span condition analysis; sca) is presented for quantifying the condition of sharks based on four measurements of body girth relative to body length. data on 104 live sharks from four species that vary in body form, behaviour and habitat use (carcharhinus leucas, carcharhinus limbatus, ginglymostoma cirratum and galeocerdo cuvier) are given. condition shows similar levels of variability among individuals within each species. carcharhinus leucas showed a positive relationship betw ... | 2014 | 25130454 |
| correlations of metabolic rate and body acceleration in three species of coastal sharks under contrasting temperature regimes. | the ability to produce estimates of the metabolic rate of free-ranging animals is fundamental to the study of their ecology. however, measuring the energy expenditure of animals in the field has proved difficult, especially for aquatic taxa. accelerometry presents a means of translating metabolic rates measured in the laboratory to individuals studied in the field, pending appropriate laboratory calibrations. such calibrations have only been performed on a few fish species to date, and only one ... | 2017 | 27852751 |
| diet reconstruction and resource partitioning of a caribbean marine mesopredator using stable isotope bayesian modelling. | the trophic ecology of epibenthic mesopredators is not well understood in terms of prey partitioning with sympatric elasmobranchs or their effects on prey communities, yet the importance of omnivores in community trophic dynamics is being increasingly realised. this study used stable isotope analysis of (15)n and (13)c to model diet composition of wild southern stingrays dasyatis americana and compare trophic niche space to nurse sharks ginglymostoma cirratum and caribbean reef sharks carcharhin ... | 2013 | 24236144 |
| molecular cloning, structural analysis and expression of complement component bf/c2 genes in the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | factor b and c2 are serine proteases that provide the catalytic subunits of c3 and c5 convertases of the alternative (ap) and classical (cp) complement pathways. two bf/c2 cdnas, gcbf/c2-1 and -2 (previously referred to as nsbf/c2-a and nsbf/c2-b), were isolated from the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. gcbf/c2-1 and -2 are 3364 and 3082bp in length and encode a leader peptide, three ccps, one vwfa, the serine protease domain and have a putative factor d/c1s/masp cleavage site. southern blot ... | 2007 | 17482263 |
| lockenloia sanguinis n. gen., n. sp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea) from the heart of a nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum, in florida. | lockenloia sanguinis n. gen., n. sp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea) is described from fragments collected in the atrium of the heart of a male nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum (bonnaterre). the new genus is distinguished by its reduced buccal capsule; body that expands abruptly just behind the cephalic extremity; long and undivided esophagus; and subconical, pointed tail. until the systematics of the superfamily are revised, the familial placement of the taxon is unclear. | 1991 | 1919911 |
| reef sharks: recent advances in ecological understanding to inform conservation. | sharks are increasingly being recognized as important members of coral-reef communities, but their overall conservation status remains uncertain. nine of the 29 reef-shark species are designated as data deficient in the iucn red list, and three-fourths of reef sharks had unknown population trends at the time of their assessment. fortunately, reef-shark research is on the rise. this new body of research demonstrates reef sharks' high site restriction, fidelity and residency on coral reefs, their ... | 2015 | 26709218 |
| structure and dynamics of the shark assemblage off recife, northeastern brazil. | understanding the ecological factors that regulate elasmobranch abundance in nearshore waters is essential to effectively manage coastal ecosystems and promote conservation. however, little is known about elasmobranch populations in the western south atlantic ocean. an 8-year, standardized longline and drumline survey conducted in nearshore waters off recife, northeastern brazil, allowed us to describe the shark assemblage and to monitor abundance dynamics using zero-inflated generalized additiv ... | 2014 | 25010514 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of nurse shark β2-microglobulin. | β(2)-microglobulin (β(2)m) is an essential subunit of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule that helps to stabilize the structure of peptide-mhc i (pmhc i). it is also one of the typical immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) molecules in the adaptive immune system (ais). sharks belong to the cartilaginous fish, which are the oldest jawed vertebrate ancestors with an ais to exist in the world. thus, the study of cartilaginous fish β(2)m would help in understanding the evolution ... | 2012 | 22505420 |
| melanoma in the skin of a nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). | a female nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum, estimated at 27 yr of age had a 5.5-yr history of a 6-cm black, raised nodular skin lesion located on the right side of the proximal tail. the lesion was diagnosed on biopsy as a slow-growing melanoma of the skin with no vascular invasion. the nurse shark was euthanized for systemic illness approximately 4.5 mo after diagnosis of the dermal melanoma. no evidence of metastasis was found on histopathologic evaluation of the skin and viscera. | 2010 | 21370659 |
| field hearing measurements of the atlantic sharpnose shark rhizoprionodon terraenovae. | field measurements of hearing thresholds were obtained from the atlantic sharpnose shark rhizoprionodon terraenovae using the auditory evoked potential method (aep). the fish had most sensitive hearing at 20 hz, the lowest frequency tested, with decreasing sensitivity at higher frequencies. hearing thresholds were lower than aep thresholds previously measured for the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum and yellow stingray urobatis jamaicensis at frequencies <200 hz, and similar at 200 hz and abov ... | 2009 | 20738522 |
| characterization of shark complement factor i gene(s): genomic analysis of a novel shark-specific sequence. | complement factor i is a crucial regulator of mammalian complement activity. very little is known of complement regulators in non-mammalian species. we isolated and sequenced four highly similar complement factor i cdnas from the liver of the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum), designated as gcif-1, gcif-2, gcif-3 and gcif-4 (previously referred to as nsfi-a, -b, -c and -d) which encode 689, 673, 673 and 657 amino acid residues, respectively. they share 95% (<or=) amino acid identities with ea ... | 2009 | 19423168 |
| functional morphology of the feeding apparatus, feeding constraints, and suction performance in the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum. | the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum, is an obligate suction feeder that preys on benthic invertebrates and fish. its cranial morphology exhibits a suite of structural and functional modifications that facilitate this mode of prey capture. during suction-feeding, subambient pressure is generated by the ventral expansion of the hyoid apparatus and the floor of its buccopharyngeal cavity. as in suction-feeding bony fishes, the nurse shark exhibits expansive, compressive, and recovery kinematic ... | 2008 | 18473370 |
| selection of cholera toxin specific ignar single-domain antibodies from a naïve shark library. | shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (ignar, also referred to as nar) variable domains (vs) are single-domain antibody (sdab) fragments containing only two hypervariable loop structures forming 3d topologies for a wide range of antigen recognition and binding. their small size ( approximately 12kda) and high solubility, thermostability and binding specificity make ignars an exceptional alternative source of engineered antibodies for sensor applications. here, two new shark nar v display lib ... | 2007 | 17007931 |
| construction of a nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library and a preliminary genome survey. | sharks are members of the taxonomic class chondrichthyes, the oldest living jawed vertebrates. genomic studies of this group, in comparison to representative species in other vertebrate taxa, will allow us to theorize about the fundamental genetic, developmental, and functional characteristics in the common ancestor of all jawed vertebrates. | 2006 | 16672057 |
| first molecular and biochemical analysis of in vivo affinity maturation in an ectothermic vertebrate. | the cartilaginous fish are the oldest phylogenetic group in which igs have been found. sharks produce a unique ig isotype, ignar, a heavy-chain homodimer that does not associate with light chains. instead, the variable (v) regions of ignar bind antigen as soluble single domains. our group has shown that ignar plays an integral part in the humoral response of nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum) upon antigen challenge. here, we generated phage-displayed libraries of ignar v regions from an immun ... | 2006 | 16446445 |
| proteasome, transporter associated with antigen processing, and class i genes in the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum: evidence for a stable class i region and mhc haplotype lineages. | cartilaginous fish (e.g., sharks) are derived from the oldest vertebrate ancestor having an adaptive immune system, and thus are key models for examining mhc evolution. previously, family studies in two shark species showed that classical class i (uaa) and class ii genes are genetically linked. in this study, we show that proteasome genes lmp2 and lmp7, shark-specific lmp7-like, and the tap1/2 genes are linked to class i/ii. functional lmp7 and lmp7-like genes, as well as multiple lmp2 genes or ... | 2002 | 11777971 |
| variations in gastric acid secretion during periods of fasting between two species of shark. | vertebrates differ in their regulation of gastric acid secretion during periods of fasting, yet it is unknown why these differences occur. elasmobranch fishes are the earliest known vertebrates to develop an acid secreting stomach and as such may make a good comparative model for determining the causative factors behind these differences. we measured gastric ph and temperature continuously during periods of fasting in captive free-swimming nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum) using autonomous p ... | 2005 | 15979369 |
| nitric oxide production by nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) and clearnose skate (raja eglanteria) peripheral blood leucocytes. | reactive nitrogen intermediates, such as nitric oxide (no), are important immunomodulators in vertebrate immune systems, but have yet to be identified as mediators of host defence in any member of class chondrichthyes, the cartilaginous fishes. in the present study, production of no by nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) stimulated with bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated. pbl were cultured for 24 to 96 h following stimulation with lps ... | 2006 | 15927484 |
| immunoglobulins in the eggs of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | elasmobranchs, which include the sharks, skates, and rays, emerged over 450 million years ago and are the oldest vertebrates to possess an adaptive immune system. they have evolved diverse reproductive modes, with a variety of physiological adaptations that enhance reproductive success. the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum, is an aplacental, viviparous elasmobranch in which the egg and its associated vitelline vasculature are the primary route for maternal-embryonic interactions. during gesta ... | 2005 | 15707663 |
| shark immunity bites back: affinity maturation and memory response in the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | the cartilaginous fish are the oldest phylogenetic group in which all of the molecular components of the adaptive immune system have been found. although early studies clearly showed that sharks could produce an igm-based response following immunization, evidence for memory, affinity maturation and roles for the other isotypes (notably ignar) in this group remained inconclusive. the data presented here illustrate that the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) is able to produce not only an igm re ... | 2005 | 15688348 |
| unprecedented multiplicity of ig transmembrane and secretory mrna forms in the cartilaginous fish. | in most jawed vertebrates including cartilaginous fish, membrane-bound igm is expressed as a five ig superfamily (igsf)-domain h chain attached to a transmembrane (tm) region. heretofore, bony fish igm was the one exception with igm mrna spliced to produce a four-domain tm h chain. we now demonstrate that the tm and secretory (sec) mrnas of the novel cartilaginous fish ig isotypes, igw and ignar, are present in multiple forms, most likely generated by alternative splicing. in the nurse shark, gi ... | 2004 | 15240702 |
| diversity and repertoire of igw and igm vh families in the newborn nurse shark. | adult cartilaginous fish express three immunoglobulin (ig) isotypes, igm, ignar and igw. newborn nurse sharks, ginglymostoma cirratum, produce 19s (multimeric) igm and monomeric/dimeric igm1gj, a germline-joined, igm-related vh, and very low amounts of 7s (monomeric) igm and ignar proteins. newborn ignar vh mrnas are diverse in the complementarity-determining region 3 (cdr3) with non-templated nucleotide (n-region) addition, which suggests that, unlike in many other vertebrates, terminal deoxynu ... | 2004 | 15132758 |
| the development of primary and secondary lymphoid tissues in the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum: b-cell zones precede dendritic cell immigration and t-cell zone formation during ontogeny of the spleen. | secondary lymphoid tissue and immunoglobulin (ig) production in mammals is not fully developed at birth, requiring time postnatally to attain all features required for adaptive immune responses. the immune system of newborn sharks - the oldest vertebrate group having adaptive immunity - also displays immature characteristics such as low serum igm concentration and high levels of igm1gj, an innate-like ig. primary and secondary lymphoid tissues in sharks and other cartilaginous fish were identifi ... | 2002 | 12121433 |
| a shark antibody heavy chain encoded by a nonsomatically rearranged vdj is preferentially expressed in early development and is convergent with mammalian igg. | in most vertebrate embryos and neonates studied to date unique antigen receptors (antibodies and t cell receptors) are expressed that possess a limited immune repertoire. we have isolated a subclass of igm, igm(1gj), from the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum that is preferentially expressed in neonates. the variable (v) region gene encoding the heavy (h) chain underwent v-d-j rearrangement in germ cells ("germline-joined"). such h chain v genes were discovered over 10 years ago in sharks but u ... | 2001 | 11172027 |
| anatomy of the feeding apparatus of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | the anatomy of the feeding apparatus of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum, was investigated by gross dissection and computer axial tomography. the labial cartilages, jaws, jaw suspension, muscles, and ligaments of the head are described. palatoquadrate cartilages articulate with the chondrocranium caudally by short, laterally projecting hyomandibulae and rostrally by ethmoorbital articulations. short orbital processes of the palatoquadrates are joined to the ethmoid region of the chondrocr ... | 1999 | 10398323 |
| isolation and initial characterisation of complement components c3 and c4 of the nurse shark and the channel catfish. | complement components c3 and c4 have been isolated from the serum of the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) and of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). as in the higher vertebrates, the fish c4 proteins have three-chain structures while the c3 proteins have two-chain structures. all four proteins have intra-chain thioesters located within their highest molecular mass polypeptides. n-terminal sequence analysis of the polypeptides has confirmed the identity of the proteins. in all cases ex ... | 2007 | 9639090 |
| a new antigen receptor gene family that undergoes rearrangement and extensive somatic diversification in sharks. | immunoglobulin and t-cell receptor (tcr) molecules are central to the adaptive immune system. sequence conservation, similarities in domain structure, and usage of similar recombination signal sequences and recombination machinery indicate that there was probably a time during evolution when an ancestral receptor diverged to the modern-day immunoglobulin and tcr. other molecules that undergo rearrangement have not been described in vertebrates, nor have intermediates been identified that have fe ... | 1995 | 7877689 |
| isolation and characterization of major histocompatibility complex class iib genes from the nurse shark. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) contains a set of linked genes which encode cell surface proteins involved in the binding of small peptide antigens for their subsequent recognition by t lymphocytes. mhc proteins share structural features and the presence and location of polymorphic residues which play a role in the binding of antigens. in order to compare the structure of these molecules and gain insights into their evolution, we have isolated two mhc class iib genes from the nurse sh ... | 1994 | 8278377 |
| isolation of a shark immunoglobulin light chain cdna clone encoding a protein resembling mammalian kappa light chains: implications for the evolution of light chains. | the time of emergence of immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light (l) chains in evolution is unknown. an l chain cdna clone was isolated from the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum), a cartilaginous fish, whose predicted variable (v) region amino acid sequence has up to 60% sequence identity to mammalian v kappa domains. genomic analyses suggest a cluster-type gene organization for this l chain locus, similar to the shark lambda-like immunoglobulin l chain loci rather than mammalian kappa loci. we ... | 1993 | 8248152 |
| in vitro trophic action of acth and insulin upon adrenocortical enzymes of the squaliform elasmobranch ginglymostoma cirratum (bonnaterre). | | 2003 | 182612 |
| isolation and characterisation of ebolavirus-specific recombinant antibody fragments from murine and shark immune libraries. | members of the genus ebolavirus cause fulminating outbreaks of disease in human and non-human primate populations with a mortality rate up to 90%. to facilitate rapid detection of these pathogens in clinical and environmental samples, robust reagents capable of providing sensitive and specific detection are required. in this work recombinant antibody libraries were generated from murine (single chain variable domain fragment; scfv) and nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum (ignar v) hosts immunise ... | 2011 | 21752470 |
| parasitic meningoencephalitis in nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum). | based on microscopic examination of the brains of seven wild-caught nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum), we observed a severe meningoencephalitis associated with numerous parasitic granulomas. the parasites were larval nematodes with morphological characteristics of the superfamily dracunculoidea. although meningeal larval aggregates were associated with chronic inflammation, additional parasitic nodules found on the endocardial surface and perimandibular region did not provoke an inflammatory ... | 1993 | 8355359 |
| a comparison of mode of attachment and histopathogenicity of four tapeworm species representing two orders infecting the spiral intestine of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | this study was undertaken to compare 2 species of tetraphyllidea and 2 species of trypanorhyncha with regard to the relationship between attachment structure morphology, mode of attachment, and tapeworm size, to damage at the sites of attachment in the atlantic nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. regions of the spiral intestine with worms attached were removed from 8 nurse sharks and sectioned according to conventional techniques. sections of 5-50 specimens of each tapeworm species were examine ... | 1993 | 8459335 |
| cell types in peripheral blood of the nurse shark: an approach to structure and function. | ultrastructural and functional studies were carried out on nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) peripheral blood cells in order ot identify cells of definitive morphology and specific function. along with erythrocytes and thrombocytes, four morphologically distinct leucocytes are recognized in peripheral blood: two types of granulocytes, the 'eosiniphil' and the 'granulocyte', and two mononuclear agranulocytic cells, one resembling mammalian macrophage and monocyte, the other resembling mammalia ... | 1983 | 6612712 |
| ascending spinal systems in the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | the ascending spinal systems in the nurse shark were studied after spinal hemisections by use of the nauta and fink-heimer techniques. the dorsal funicular fibers form a single bundle issuing fibers to the gray substance of the spinal cord, the dorsal funicular nucleus, and the vestibular complex. some dorsal funicular fibers also appear to contribute to the spinocerebellar tract. the degenerated lateral funicular fibers are segregated into three fasciculi issuing fibers medially as they ascend ... | 1981 | 7226212 |
| quantitative anatomical and behavioral analyses of regeneration and collateral sprouting following spinal cord transection in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). | the spinal cord was transected at the mid-thoracic level in 32 nurse sharks. four animals per group were sacrificed at intervals of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 90 days postoperative. two groups of fish underwent a subsequent spinla1 cord retransection at the same site at 90 days and were sacrificed 10 and 20 days later. three sections of spinal cord were removed from each shark for histological analysis. behaviorally, timed trials for swimming speed and a strength test for axial musculature contracti ... | 1979 | 543459 |
| visual discrimination following partial telencephalic ablations in nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum). | an instrumental conditioning task was used to examine the role of the nurse shark telencephalon in black-white (bw) and horizontal-vertical stripes (hv) discrimination performance. in the first experiment, subjects initially received either bilateral anterior telencephalic control lesions or bilateral posterior telencephalic lesions aimed at destroying the central telencephalic nuclei (cn), which are known to receive direct input from the thalamic visual area. postoperatively, the sharks were tr ... | 1978 | 659664 |
| a stochastic locomotor control model for the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | the locomotor behavior of the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) is characterized by 17 variables (frequency and ratios of left, right, and total turns; their radians; straight paths (steps); distance travelled; and velocity) within each of these variables there is an internal time dependency the structure of which was elaborated together with an improved statistical model predicting their behavior within 90% confidence limits. the model allows for the sensitive detection of subtle locomotor r ... | 1978 | 750627 |
| phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function; characterization of the cysteine-containing peptide involved in the pentamerization of shark igm. | nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum) immunoglobulins were studied in an attempt to further define the relationship between the naturally occurring monomeric 7s and the pentameric 19s forms of extracellular igm. a peptide containing the cysteine involved in the formation of intersubunit disulfide bonds linking 7s monomers into pentamers was isolated from the h chain of the 19s molecule and characterized. a similar peptide was also isolated from the h chain of the naturally occurring 7s molecule. ... | 1977 | 611021 |
| refractive and histological study of accommodation in two species of sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum and carcharhinus milberti). | | 1976 | 991014 |
| adrenocortical ultrastructure in the squaliform elasmobranch (ginglymostoma cirratum bonnaterre): cell death, a postulate for holocrine secretion. | | 1975 | 1222902 |
| nonolfactory telencephalic afferents in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). | | 1974 | 4137864 |
| on the organization of cerebellar efferent pathways in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). | | 1973 | 4130103 |
| biosynthesis of trimethylamine oxide in the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | | 1972 | 4402721 |
| visual discrimination learning in normal and tectal-ablated nurse sharks (ginglymostoma cirratum). | | 1972 | 4402702 |
| ion, water and urea turnover rates in the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | | 1972 | 4402085 |
| effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the hepatic lipids of the nurse shark, ginglymostoma cirratum. | | 1972 | 5011072 |
| projections of the olfactory tract fibers in the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum). | | 1970 | 4904930 |
| the optic tracts of two species of sharks (galeocerdo cuvier and ginglymostoma cirratum). | | 1968 | 5650810 |