| ultrastructure of porocephalus crotali (pentastomida) cuticle with phylogenetic implications. | the cuticle of p. crotali is pro-arthropodan, composed of an epi-, exo-, and endocuticle. the exo- and endocuticles are separated by a 600-a intermediate cuticular zone. the epicuticle is homogeneous and varies from 100 to 350 a in thickness. the exocuticle varies from 2 to eight mu in thickness and is divided into superficial and deep exocuticular zones. the endocuticle is lamellate and varies from 8 to 30 mu in thickness. lamellae result from ordered parabolic orientations of 40-a chitin fibri ... | 1975 | 1165560 |
| helminth parasites of the raccoon (procyon lotor) from north-central arkansas. | twenty-three species of helminths (4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 14 nematodes, and 3 acanthocephalans) were found in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pancreas, tongue, urinary bladder, and subcutaneous tissues of 30 live-trapped or hunter-shot raccoons from north-central arkansas between november 1989 and april 1990. helminths were not detected in the brain, diaphragm, gallbladder, heart, liver, reproductive system, or trachea. each raccoon examined was infected with 3 or more of the following hel ... | 1992 | 1738063 |
| further evidence for the protective role of sub-parietal cell membranous secretory product on the cuticle of a pentastomid arthropod parasite developing in its rodent intermediate host. | the pentastomid parasite porocephalus crotali, develops to an infective stage within a granulomatous lesion in the tissues of rodent intermediate hosts. a conspicuous layer of sub-parietal cell (spc) secretory product, which coats the intermoult cuticle up to a depth of 12 microns, is described. around the first five nymphal instars this material consists of an amorphous matrix with distinctive electron-lucid lacunae, but that around later instars (six and seven), while retaining much of the ori ... | 1989 | 2617514 |
| seasonal incidence of porocephalus crotali (pentastomida) in rice rats, oryzomys palustris, from a florida salt marsh. | | 1974 | 4828345 |
| [nymphs of porocephalus crotali humboldt, 1808 (arachnid, pentastomida) in edentates in argentina]. | | 1982 | 7187235 |
| development of porocephalus crotali (humboldt, 1808) (pentastomida) in experimental intermediate hosts. | | 1962 | 13890827 |
| hepatic lesions in rats experimentally infected with porocephalus crotali (pentastomida). | | 1962 | 13890828 |
| morphology of the egg and larva of porocephalus crotali (pentastomida). | | 1962 | 13890829 |
| porocephalus crotali humbolt (pentastomida) in oklahoma. | | 1948 | 18903613 |
| diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. | visceral pentastomiasis in humans is caused by the larval stages (nymphs) of the arthropod-related tongue worms linguatula serrata, armillifer armillatus, a. moniliformis, a. grandis, and porocephalus crotali. the majority of cases has been reported from africa, malaysia, and the middle east, where visceral pentastomiasis may be an incidental finding in autopsies, and less often from china and latin america. in europe and north america, the disease is only rarely encountered in immigrants and lo ... | 2009 | 19238218 |
| porocephalus crotali humbolt (pentastomida) in oklahoma. | | 1947 | 20340880 |
| proteins and proteinases in the in vitro released products (ivrp) of the tissue-invasive and lung-dwelling larvae of the pentastomid porocephalus crotali. | pentastomids are arthropod-like parasites which inhabit the respiratory tract of tetrapods and, despite being haematophagous, cause little or no visible pathology. nymphs (or larvae), belonging to the advanced genus porocephalus, encyst in the tissues of rodent intermediate hosts and migrate from this site to the lung following ingestion of the intermediate host. during migration, several moults occur and instars encounter a variety of tissue barriers and environmental cues. it was therefore rel ... | 2002 | 12003063 |
| pentastomids and the tetrapod lung. | pentastomids comprise a highly specialized taxon of arthropod-like parasites that probably became adapted to the lungs of amphibians and reptiles early in their long evolutionary history. few other macroparasites exploit this particular niche. pentastomids are often large, long-lived and yet they cause little observable pathology in lungs, despite being haematophagous. the lungs of all tetrapods are lined with pulmonary surfactant, a remarkable biological material consisting of a complex mixture ... | 1999 | 11254150 |
| the in vitro development of the pentastomid porocephalus crotali from the infective instar to the adult stage. | the in vitro development of the pentastomid porocephalus crotali from the infective, seventh (vii) instar, dissected from the tissues of rat intermediate hosts, to the adult male (x) and female (xi) instars, normally resident in the lung of rattlesnake definitive hosts, is described. the culture medium comprised washed human blood cells, resuspended in bovine serum (50:50, v/v), with 20% minimum essential medium and antibiotics. two batches of approximately 100 pentastomids, maintained at a dens ... | 1997 | 9368901 |
| the recruitment of mast cells, exclusively of the mucosal phenotype, into granulomatous lesions caused by the pentastomid parasite porocephalus crotali: recruitment is irrespective of site. | adults of the porocephalid pentastomid porocephalus crotali infect the lung of rattlesnake definitive hosts and larvae develop in rat intermediate hosts. in the latter, nymphs encyst within a variety of tissue sites (commonly abdominal fat bodies and lungs) and each becomes the focus of an eosinophilic granuloma. from an early stage in infections, granulomas become increasingly infiltrated by mast cells which, using conventional histology and paired immunofluorescence against mast cell proteases ... | 1993 | 8479800 |
| studies on the host/parasite interface during the development of a pentastomid arthropod parasite in rodent intermediate hosts, with observations on protective surface membranes. | the changing structure of the cuticle of the arthropod pentastomid parasite porocephalus crotali, during growth to the infective stage in mouse and rattlesnake hosts, is described. the outermost cuticulin layer of the cuticle in instars ii-vi is elevated to form a dense mat of epicuticular hairs. since the vi larval cuticle is retained by the infective (vii) nymph as a protective sheath, effectively all stages in mice present a hairy surface to the host and this may constitute a physical barrier ... | 1988 | 3232142 |
| fine structural aspects of secretory processes in a pentastomid arthropod parasite in its mouse and rattlesnake hosts. | the histology and development of three extensive glands in the porocephalid pentastomid porocephalus crotali is described by light and electron microscopy, during growth of the parasite to an infective stage in the tissues of mouse; the infective stage in rattlesnake definitive hosts is also included. these glands elaborate excretory/secretory components which are channelled, via chitin-lined efferent ductules, on to the parasite cuticle. hook and frontal glands are relatively compact, and withi ... | 1988 | 3232140 |
| light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing porocephalus crotali (pentastomida: porocephalida) in mouse and rat. | the development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of rat and mouse intermediate hosts is described. adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reacti ... | 1988 | 3174236 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a 48-kilodalton metalloproteinase from the excretory/secretory components of the frontal glands of porocephalus pentastomids. | porocephalid pentastomids possess prominent paired frontal glands which discharge secretion through large ducts onto the cuticle in the region of the cephalothorax. we have purified and partially characterized a 48-kda protein with proteolytic activity from the major secretory cell type in the glands of porocephalus crotali, removed from the tissues of rodent intermediate hosts. it comprises 30% of total protein isolated from secretory droplets. antibody to the enzyme was detectable at 50 days p ... | 1991 | 1852177 |
| an elisa for the detection of pentastomid infections in the rat. | a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on a 48 kda metallo-proteinase isolated from the frontal glands of a porocephalid pentastomid (porocephalus crotali) in rat intermediate hosts, is described. sds-page analysis of whole nymphal homogenate, followed by western blotting and probing with immune rat serum, revealed that only 2 protein bands label consistently; these are the 48 kda metallo-proteinase and a 150 kda metallo-proteinase from the body fluid, but only the former labels str ... | 1991 | 1780170 |
| preliminary characterization of the lipid and protein components of the protective surface membranes of a pentastomid porocephalus crotali. | all instars of the pentastomid porocephalus crotali, in the tissues of rat intermediate hosts and the lung of rattlesnake definitive hosts, are covered by a vesicular or stacked membranous secretory product which is synthesized in sub-parietal cells (spc) and channelled to the cuticle via multitudinous chitin-lined ducts. in rats this enveloping foam of vesicles survives for the duration of a cuticle. we have purified and partially characterized the lipid and protein composition of lamellate dro ... | 1992 | 1641247 |
| the histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity in porocephalus crotali humboldt 1811 (pentastomida). | | 1979 | 480080 |
| the possible role of the frontal and sub-parietal gland systems of the pentastomid reighardia sternae (diesing, 1864) in the evasion of the host immune response. | the frontal and sub-parietal glands of the pentastomid reighardia sternae elaborate lamellate secretion which is poured on to the cuticle. the entire surface of the cuticle, including the mouth, hook pits and reproductive apertures, is coated with secretion. electron microscope studies indicate that the glands are continuously active, which implies a turnover of surface membranes. the postulated function of these membranes is to protect certain vital areas of the host--parasite interface, notabl ... | 1979 | 419004 |
| high prevalence of porocephalus crotali infection on a barrier island (cumberland island) off the coast of georgia, with identification of novel intermediate hosts. | porocephalus crotali is a pentastomid parasite that uses crotaline snakes as definitive hosts and a variety of rodents as intermediate hosts. a study of definitive and intermediate pentastome hosts on cumberland island, georgia, revealed high prevalence of p. crotali infection in crotalid snakes as well as several mammalian species. despite the presence of numerous nymphs in some animals, clinical signs of disease were not observed. in intermediate hosts, the liver, mesentery, and reproductive o ... | 2015 | 26042344 |
| massive visceral pentastomiasis caused by porocephalus crotali in a dog. | the testes of a 5-year-old, male, crossbred schnauzer dog were the indicator organs for detection of massive pentastomiasis. necropsy revealed numerous additional encysted parasites within the mesenteric lymph nodes, omentum, liver, sub-serosa of the small and large intestines, mesentery, and lungs. the nymphs had a pseudosegmented body, containing large eosinophilic glands and a chitinous cuticle with characteristic pores. their hook configuration was consistent with that of porocephalus. a pen ... | 2009 | 19176495 |