| kepone--hazard evaluation. | kepone is a persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide which is no longer manufactured in the u.s.a., its uses having been cancelled on april 11, 1977; previous food uses included control of the banana root borer, and non-food uses included control of tobacco wireworm, ants, and cockroaches. an adduct of kepone, kelevan, is now distributed by spiess and sohn, chemische fabrik, germany, with an as yet unknown manufacturer, for control of the colorado potato beetle in eastern europe and ireland, ... | 1978 | 74851 |
| characterization of two genes encoding bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins toxic to coleoptera species. | bacillus thuringiensis eg2838 and eg4961 are highly toxic to colorado potato beetle larvae, and only strain eg4961 is toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. to investigate the cause of the different insecticidal activities of eg2838 and eg4961, cryiii-type genes toxic to coleopterans were cloned from each strain. the cryiiib gene, cloned as part of an 8.0-kb ecori fragment of eg2838 dna, encoded a crystal protein (cryiiib) of 74,237 da. the cryiiib2 gene, cloned as part of an 8.3-kb psti-asp718 ... | 1992 | 1476436 |
| pesticidal activity of virginiamycins s1 and m1. | virginiamycins s1 and m1, two major components of the antibacterial antibiotic complex produced by streptomyces virginiae and used as an animal growth promoter in animal husbandry, exhibited a selective insecticidal activity against leptinotarsa decemlineata comparable with the effect of the organophosphorus pesticide metathion. an acaricidal effect of the two compounds on eggs of tetranychus urticae was also observed. | 1992 | 1493906 |
| novel bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a silent activity against coleopteran larvae. | a novel bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with a silent activity against the colorado potato beetle is described. the crystal proteins are produced as bipyramidal crystals. these crystals contain a protein of 129 kda with a trypsin-resistant core fragment of 72 kda. neither a spore-crystal mixture nor in vitro-solubilized crystals are toxic to any of several lepidoptera and coleoptera species tested. in contrast, a trypsin-treated solution containing the 72-kda tryptic core fragment of the ... | 1992 | 1514800 |
| nucleotide sequence of gene cryiiid encoding a novel coleopteran-active crystal protein from strain bti109p of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | the nucleotide sequence of a novel insecticidal crystal protein(cry)-encoding gene from a bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki isolate is described. the gene is related to the known coleopteran-active cryiii genes and encodes a cryiiid that is much more active against colorado potato beetle than other cryiii. | 1992 | 1544571 |
| isolation of beauvericin as an insect toxin from fusarium semitectum and fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. | nonpolar methylene chloride-soluble extracts from the mycelia of fusarium semitectum and fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans were toxic to colorado potato beetles. the major toxic metabolite was isolated and found to be the cyclodepsipeptide, beauvericin. this is the first report of the isolation of beauvericin from the genus fusarium. | 1991 | 1749401 |
| two novel strains of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to coleopterans. | two novel strains of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from native habitats by the use of genes coding for proteins toxic to coleopterans (cryiii genes) as hybridization probes. strain eg2838 (isolated by the use of the cryiiia probe) contained a cryiiia-hybridizing plasmid of approximately 100 mda and synthesized crystal proteins of approximately 200 (doublet), 74, 70, 32, and 28 kda. strain eg4961 (isolated by the use of a cryiiia-related probe) contained a cryiiia-hybridizing plasmid of ap ... | 1991 | 1781691 |
| macrotetrolide antibiotics produced by streptomyces globisporus. | macrotetrolides isolated from a new producer, streptomyces globisporus, were identified as nonactin, monactin, dinactin and trinactin. spectroscopic characterization of these compounds was extended by 13nmr spectra. chemical ionization with ammonia as reactive gas was proposed for mass-spectroscopic characterization of their mixtures. their biological activity was confirmed by using larvae of the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) as a new test model. | 1991 | 1821868 |
| purification and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis insecticidal proteins produced in e. coli. | native and single amino acid variants of the bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis insecticidal proteins were expressed in escherichia coli, purified and examined for biological and biochemical properties. a novel, ph dependent, preferential precipitation method was implemented to purify escherichia coli produced bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis proteins, which are active against colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae. cysteine residues of the native bacillus thuringi ... | 1990 | 2116794 |
| immunocytochemical localization in the central nervous system of four different insect species of molecules immunoreactive against peptides present in the caudodorsal cells of lymnaea stagnalis. | the use of polyclonal antisera directed against three peptides (ovulation hormone (cdch), alpha, and beta caudodorsal cell peptide (alpha- and beta-cdcp) produced by the caudodorsal cells of the snail lymnaea stagnalis resulted in positive immunoreaction in sarcophaga bullata (diptera), leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera), locusta migratoria, and periplaneta americana (orthoptera). in three species, colocalization was detected using the antisera against cdch and alpha-cdcp. | 1990 | 2272462 |
| heterologous expression of a mutated toxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | using oligonucleotide probes we have isolated a dna fragment encoding an insecticidal toxin of the coleopteran specific bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. the gene was altered by site directed mutagenesis at its 5'-end and adapted for general cloning and expression purposes with a linker including a start codon and new restriction sites. the constructs were inserted into several vector plasmids and expressed in escherichia coli. expression e. coli was strongly enhanced by the lac-promote ... | 1990 | 2323547 |
| identification of beta-exotoxin production, plasmids encoding beta-exotoxin, and a new exotoxin in bacillus thuringiensis by using high-performance liquid chromatography. | an improved high-performance liquid chromatography separation was developed to detect and quantify beta-exotoxin production in bacillus thuringiensis culture supernatants. exotoxin production was assigned to a plasmid in five strains, from three subspecies (b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis serotype 1, b. thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi serotype 9, and b. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis serotype 10). a new exotoxin, called type ii beta-exotoxin in this report, was discovered in b. thuring ... | 1990 | 2345141 |
| characterisation of neuropeptides of the akh/rpch-family from corpora cardiaca of coleoptera. | extracts of corpora cardiaca from two members of the family tenebrionidae. zophobas rugipes and tenebrio molitor, from one member of the chrysomelidae, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and from three members of the scarabaeidae, pachnoda marginata, p. sinuata and melolontha hippocastani, were assayed for adipokinetic and hypertrehalosaemic activity in acceptor locusts (locusta migratoria) and cockroaches (periplaneta americana), respectively. all corpus cardiacum material tested, except that from the ... | 1989 | 2607020 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a coleopteran-active delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. san diego. | a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. san diego that is responsible for a delta-endotoxin active against colorado potato beetle and some other coleoptera was sequenced and shown to have surprising regional homology with both lepidopteran and dipteran active delta-endotoxins from other strains of b. thuringiensis. unlike the lepidopteran active toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki that exist as approx. 130-kda protoxins and form bipyramidal crystalline inclusions, the coleopteran toxi ... | 1987 | 2828180 |
| immunocytochemical localization of peptidergic neurons and neurosecretory cells in the neuro-endocrine system of the colorado potato beetle with antisera to vertebrate regulatory peptides. | a large number of antisera to regulatory vertebrate peptides was tested immunocytochemically on the nervous system of the colorado potato beetle to further characterize the peptidergic cells of the neuro-endocrine system and to reveal cells participating in endocrine control mechanisms. neurons, neurosecretory cells, axons and axon terminals were revealed by antisera to acth, gastrin, cck, alpha-endorphin, beta-endorphin, gamma 1-msh, insulin, motilin, human calcitonin, growth hormone, somatosta ... | 1985 | 2858460 |
| isolation and characterization of eg2158, a new strain of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to coleopteran larvae, and nucleotide sequence of the toxin gene. | a novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from soybean grain dust from kansas and found to be toxic to larvae of leptinotarsa decemlineata (colorado potato beetle). the strain (eg2158) synthesized two parasporal crystals: a rhomboid crystal composed of a 73116 dalton protein of approximately 30 kda. plasmid transfer and gene cloning experiments demonstrated that the 73 kda protein was encoded on an 88 mda plasmid and that the protein was toxic to the larvae of colorado potato beetle ... | 1988 | 3146015 |
| cell-assisted culture of fastidious spiroplasmas: initial analysis of growth factors. | half of the spiroplasmas observed microscopically in insects cannot be cultivated and are thus inaccessible to study. media mixed with cultured insect cells have now been used to isolate two of these spiroplasmas--the sex-ratio organism (sro) of drosophila and the colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (cpbs). studies described herein indicate that at least one of the cell-supplied factors is involved in redox maintenance. a wide variety of insect cell culture systems were suitable for primary isola ... | 1987 | 3312106 |
| insect antifeedant activity and hot taste for humans of selected natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. | the antifeedant activity towards larvae of leptinotarsa decemlineata and spodoptera littoralis and the hot taste for the human tongue have been determined for natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. among the bicyclic dialdehydes the biological activity has been found to be dependent on the distance between the two aldehyde groups; tricyclic and pentacyclic dialdehydes are inactive in both tests. a short synthetic route to (-)- and (+)-polygodial is reported. | 1987 | 3655790 |
| comparison of microfilament patterns in nurse cells of different insects with polytrophic and telotrophic ovarioles. | the localization of f-actin (microfilaments) in the nurse cells of ovarian follicles has been studied in 12 different insect species by fluorescence microscopy after specifically staining f-actin with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin. in the analysed species with polytrophic ovaries (apis mellifica, pimpla turionellae, bradysia tritici, ephestia kuehniella, protophormia terraenovae) a dense f-actin network was found to be associated with the nurse cell membranes. only in protophormia were microfi ... | 1986 | 3734686 |
| immunocytochemical demonstration of a homology in peptidergic neurosecretory cells in the suboesophageal ganglion of a beetle and a locust with antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide, fmrfamide, vasopressin and alpha-msh. | in the suboesophageal ganglion of the colorado potato beetle and the migratory locust three types of peptidergic neurosecretory cells were identified immunocytochemically with antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide, fmrfamide, vasopressin and alpha-msh. their locations and immunocytochemical reactions are similar, which suggests that these peptidergic cells in both insect species are homologous and perhaps have similar functions. | 1984 | 6090997 |
| immunocytochemical localization of neurons in the nervous system of the colorado potato beetle with antisera against fmrfamide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide. | particular neurons in the nervous system of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, are recognized by antisera against bovine pancreatic polypeptide and fmrfamide. both antisera react with the same neurons. solid phase absorptions showed that antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide cross-reacts with fmrfamide, whereas antiserum against fmrfamide cross-reacts with bovine pancreatic polypeptide. some of the immunoreactive neurons have axons branching extensively within the n ... | 1984 | 6367997 |
| immunocytochemical localization of peptidergic cells in the neuro-endocrine system of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, with antisera against vasopressin, vasotocin and oxytocin. | antisera against vasopressin, vasotocin, oxytocin, neurophysin-1 and neurophysin-2 were used to investigate immunocytochemically the presence of neurons containing substances antigenically related to these peptides in the nervous system of the colorado potato beetle. ten different antisera were used, four against vasopressin, three against oxytocin and one against vasotocin, neurophysin-1, and neurophysin-2. immunoreactivity was shown by all antisera except those against the neurophysins. the va ... | 1984 | 6469720 |
| immunocytochemical identification of neural elements in the central nervous systems of a snail, some insects, a fish, and a mammal with an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide fmrf-amide. | with an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide fmrf-amide neurons and/or nerve fibers were immunocytochemically identified in the central nervous systems of a snail (lymnaea stagnalis), some insects (leptinotarsa decemlineata, periplaneta americana, locusta migratoria, pieris brassicae), a fish (poecilia latipinna) and a mammal (mouse). the fact that immunoreactive material was observed in neurohaemal organs (corpora cardiaca of the insects) as well as in axon terminals ending ... | 1980 | 7006829 |
| membrane-permeabilizing activities of bacillus thuringiensis coleopteran-active toxin cryiiib2 and cryiiib2 domain i peptide. | bacillus thuringiensis toxin cryiiib2 exhibits activity against two agriculturally important pests, the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the southern corn rootworm, diabrotica undecimpunctata. cryiiib2 shows significant structural similarity to colorado potato beetle-active toxin cryiiia, whose crystal structure has been determined elsewhere [j. li, j. carrol, and d. j. ellar, nature (london) 353:815-821, 1991]. a clone limited to the putative 7-alpha-helical bundle domain ... | 1994 | 7527203 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis cryiiia delta-endotoxin in colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we investigated the genetic inheritance of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia delta-endotoxin. standard reciprocal crosses and backcrosses between susceptible (s) and resistant (r) strains were used to determine the characteristics of resistance. analysis of probit lines from the f1 reciprocal crosses indicated that b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin resistance was inherited autosomaly without maternal effects. we estimated the deg ... | 1995 | 7884077 |
| a new risk of occupational disease: allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in persons working with beneficial arthropods. preliminary data. | for some years, biological pest control has been re-evaluated as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of pesticides. the number of "bio-factories" in europe has been constantly increasing and today more than 100 technicians work in mass rearing of arthropods. seven cases of asthma and allergic rhinitis are reported in 13 workers engaged in the production of beneficial arthropods. the subjects suffered from attacks of asthma and rhinitis when they came into contact with eggs and scales or was ... | 1994 | 8175182 |
| [creation of a hybrid protein gene based on bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins cryiiia and cria(a) and expression of its derivatives in escherichia coli]. | the 5'-terminal fragment (containing 1-565th codons) of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis gene for the coleoptera-specific delta-endotoxin cryiiia was cloned. this sequence was extended with either only a homologous fragment of cryia(a) or that one together with in-frame nptii or gus coding sequences. the obtained gene derivatives were expressed in e. coli. the analysis of hybrid polypeptides confirmed the enzymatic activities of bifunctional proteins and showed toxic properties of "insect ... | 1993 | 8361500 |
| selective inhibition of colorado potato beetle cathepsin h by oryzacystatins i and ii. | the use of oryzacystatins i and ii, two cysteine proteinase inhibitors naturally produced in rice grains, represents an attractive way for the control of coleoptera insect pests. the present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say). both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity, but max ... | 1993 | 8405400 |
| the reconstruction and expression of a bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia gene in protoplasts and potato plants. | a bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) cryiiia delta-endotoxin gene was designed for optimal expression in plants. the modified cry gene has the codon usage pattern of an average dicot gene and does not contain at-rich nucleotide sequences typical of native b.t. cry genes. we assembled the 1.8 kb cryiiia gene in nine blocks of three oligonucleotide pairs. for two dna blocks, the polymerase chain reaction was used to enrich for correctly ligated pairs. we compared modified cryiiia gene with native gene ... | 1993 | 8490132 |
| genetically improved potatoes: protection from damage by colorado potato beetles. | russet burbank potato plants have been genetically improved to resist insect attack and damage by colorado potato beetles (leptinotarsa decemlineata (say)) by the insertion of a cryiiia gene encoding the insect control protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. a modified gene that dramatically improved plant expression of this protein was utilized. its expression in russet burbank potato plants resulted in protection from damage by all insect stages in the laboratory and in dramatic le ... | 1993 | 8507832 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a high activity against members of the family noctuidae. | the full characterization of a novel insecticidal crystal protein, named cry9ca1 according to the revised nomenclature for cry proteins, from bacillus thuringiensis serovar tolworthi is reported. the crystal protein has 1,157 amino acids and a molecular mass of 129.8 kda. it has the typical features of the lepidoptera-active crystal proteins such as five conserved sequence blocks. also, it is truncated upon trypsin digestion to a toxic fragment of 68.7 kda by removal of 43 amino acids at the n t ... | 1996 | 8572715 |
| genetic nature, stability, and improved virulence of hybrids from protoplast fusion in beauveria | genetic improvement of two different strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana for more effective control of ostrinia nubilalis and leptinotarsa decemlineata was obtained by crosses with the insecticidal toxin-producing strain beauveria sulfurescens. protoplast fusion between diauxotrophic mutants resulted in the recovery of some stable prototrophic fusion products. the low levels of virulence of the wild type strain b. bassiana 28 isolated originally from l. decemlineata were en ... | 1996 | 8661542 |
| comparison of perillus bioculatus and podisus maculiventris (hemiptera:pentatomidae) as potential control agents of the colorado potato beetle (coleoptera:chrysomelidae). | in laboratory and microplot consumption tests, spined soldier bug, podisus maculiventris (say), ate at least as many colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), eggs and larvae as did the twospotted stink bug, perillus bioculatus (f.). p. maculiventris also remained in field microplots infected with colorado potato beetle egg masses for slightly longer than did p. bioculatus. the 2 predators were equally effective at consuming egg masses, reducing densities of beetle larvae, and pre ... | 1996 | 8913113 |
| response of digestive cysteine proteinases from the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the black vine weevil (otiorynchus sulcatus) to a recombinant form of human stefin a. | the effects of the cystatins, human stefin a (hsa) and oryzacystatin i (oci) on digestive cysteine proteinases of the colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the black vine weevil (bvw), otiorynchus sulcatus, were assessed using complementary inhibition assays, cystatin-affinity chromatography, and recombinant forms of the two inhibitors. for both insects, either hsa and oci used in excess (10 or 20 microm) caused partial and stable inhibition of total proteolytic (azocasein ... | 1996 | 8920105 |
| cell-mediated haemolytic activity of haemolymph from the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say.) | haemolytic activity was identified in cell-free haemolymph from larval and imago stages of leptinotarsa decemlineata. the haemolytically active fraction of the haemolymph was active against human, sheep, bull, toad and mouse erythrocytes. there was no haemolysis in the presence of 0.001 m edta and 0.5% glutathione. the titre of haemolytic activity did not increase after injury or vaccination of the larvae with microccocus lysodeikticus. haemolysin, a heat-labile protein was partially purified by ... | 1996 | 8952058 |
| large-scale production and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis insecticidal protein from escherichia coli. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis insecticidal protein was produced in recombinant escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity to provide quantities of protein for safety-assessment studies associated with the registration of transgenic potato plants. the 68-kda protein is produced naturally by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis by translation initiation at an internal initiation site in the native dna sequence. the gene sequence specific for this truncated protein was expre ... | 1997 | 9114517 |
| intramolecular proteolytic cleavage of bacillus thuringiensis cry3a delta-endotoxin may facilitate its coleopteran toxicity. | the cry3a delta-endotoxin protein inclusion synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis is soluble in alkaline and acid buffer solutions but the toxin precipitates when returned to neutral ph conditions. the midgut ph of susceptible beetle larvae is neutral to slightly acidic, a ph environment in which the cry3a toxin is insoluble. to investigate this paradox we studied the cry3a toxin after various proteolytic treatments. in many cases the toxin was cleaved into polypeptides that r ... | 1997 | 9217464 |
| specific sequence modifications of a cry3b endotoxin gene result in high levels of expression and insect resistance. | solanum melongena (eggplant) cv. picentia and the wild species solanum integrifolium were transformed with both a wild type (wt) and four mutagenized versions of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) gene bt43 belonging to the cry3 class. the bt gene was partly modified in its nucleotide sequence by replacing four target regions (w: +1 to +170; x: +592 to +1057; y: +1203 to +1376; z: +1376 to +1984) with synthetic fragments obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification of crude oligonucleotides. the ... | 1997 | 9225859 |
| susceptibility of colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) eggs to beauveria bassiana | copyright | 1998 | 9500940 |
| immunocytochemical distribution of angiotensin i-converting enzyme-like immunoreactivity in the brain and testis of insects. | angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) is zn2+ metallopeptidase which plays an important role in blood pressure homeostasis in mammals and other vertebrates. homologues of ace involved in the biosynthesis of mammalian peptide hormones have also been identified in the insects, musca domestica, drosophila melanogaster and haematobia irritans exigua. in the pursuit of the biological role of insect ace, this work focused on the tissue and cellular distribution of ace in several insect species. the loca ... | 1998 | 9518620 |
| environmental distribution and diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in spain. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 301 out of 1,005 samples collected in spain from agricultural and non-cultivated soils, dust from stored products, and dead insects. based on the production of parasporal crystals, 1,401 isolates were identified as b. thuringiensis after examining 11,982 b. thuringiensis-like colonies. we found a greater presence of b. thuringiensis in dust from grain storages than in other habitats. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the spore-c ... | 1998 | 9741114 |
| the proregion of papaya proteinase iv inhibits colorado potato beetle digestive cysteine proteinases. | three distinct digestive protease systems were induced in larvae of the herbivorous pest, colorado potato beetle (cpb; leptinotarsa decemlineata say), and used as a model to assess the ability of the proregion of papaya proteinase iv (ppiv; glycyl endopeptidase, ec 3.4.22.25) to act as an inhibitor of insect digestive cysteine proteinases. as shown by gelatin/page and complementary inhibition assays, a recombinant form of the proregion produced in escherichia coli inhibited a fraction of the ins ... | 1998 | 9742962 |
| the cysteine protease activity of colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say) guts, which is insensitive to potato protease inhibitors, is inhibited by thyroglobulin type-1 domain inhibitors. | high levels of protease inhibitors are induced in potato leaves by wounding. these inhibitors, when ingested by colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say) larvae, induce expression of specific proteolytic activities in the gut. induced protease activities cannot be inhibited by potato inhibitors and thus enable the insects to overcome this defence mechanism of potato plants. the induced aminopeptidase and endoproteolytic activities both have the characteristics of cysteine proteases. ... | 1998 | 9753766 |
| occurrence of digestive cysteine proteases in perillus bioculatus, a natural predator of the colorado potato beetle. | oryzacystatins (ocs) are protease inhibitors (pis) that inhibit colorado potato beetle (cpb) digestive proteases, and transgenic potato plants containing these pis are currently under test. however, ocs could interfere with the digestive system of beneficial insects. protease activity and susceptibility to class-specific protease inhibitors were studied in protein extracts of perillus bioculatus, a stinkbug predator that has shown potential for biological control of the cpb. at physiological ph, ... | 1998 | 9787788 |
| antisense-mediated depletion of a potato lipoxygenase reduces wound induction of proteinase inhibitors and increases weight gain of insect pests. | de novo jasmonic acid (ja) synthesis is required for wound-induced expression of proteinase inhibitors and other defense genes in potato and tomato. the first step in ja biosynthesis involves lipoxygenase (lox) introducing molecular oxygen at the c-13 position of linolenic acid. we previously have shown that, in potato, at least two gene families code for 13-lox proteins. we have now produced transgenic potato plants devoid of one specific 13-lox isoform (lox-h3) through antisense-mediated deple ... | 1999 | 9927708 |
| enhanced toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry3a delta-endotoxin in coleopterans by mutagenesis in a receptor binding loop. | we used site-directed mutagenesis to modify the bacillus thuringiensis cry3a gene in amino acid residues 350-354. two mutant toxins, a1 (r(345)a,y(350)f,y(351)f) and a2 (r(345)a,deltay(350), deltay(351)), showed significantly improved toxicity against tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). the mutant toxin a1 was also more potent against both leptinotarsa decemlineata (colorado potato beetle) and chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle), while a2 displayed enhanced toxicity only in l. decemlinea ... | 2000 | 10812080 |
| identification of ice-nucleating active pseudomonas fluorescens strains for biological control of overwintering colorado potato beetles (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | laboratory studies were conducted to identify ice-nucleating active bacterial strains able to elevate the supercooling point, the temperature at which freezing is initiated in body fluids, of colorado potato beetles, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), and to persist in their gut. adult beetles fed ice-nucleating active strains of pseudomonas fluorescens, p. putida, or p. syringae at 10(6) or 10(3) bacterial cells per beetle had significantly elevated supercooling points, from -4.5 to -5.7 degrees ... | 2000 | 10826166 |
| insecticidal and mutagenic evaluation of two annonaceous acetogenins. | annonaceous acetogenins represent a new class of bioactive compounds whose primary mode of action is the inhibition of nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. given the potential pesticidal use of such a class of compounds, we have further evaluated the antifeedant and insecticidal effects of squamocin and annonacin, two annonaceous acetogenins, on spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and myzus persicae. additionally, to partially assess their environmental risk, we have also tested their m ... | 2000 | 10869199 |
| sublethal acute and chronic exposure of colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | sublethal exposure of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), larvae to the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis variety tenebrionis (berliner) caused a dose-dependent reduction in feeding and weight gain when tested in a leaf disk bioassay. the highest doses of chronic (continuous-lower concentration) exposure resulted in peak foliage consumption on day 1 as compared with peak consumption on days 3 and 4 when exposure was acute (24-h higher concentration). dose and exposur ... | 2000 | 10902316 |
| premature polyadenylation contributes to the poor expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cry3ca1 gene in transgenic potato plants. | the cry genes that code for the insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) have been widely used to develop insect-resistant transgenic plants. the cry3ca1 gene has been reported to code for a crystal protein which is particularly potent against the colorado potato beetle (cpb). to explore the biotechnological potential of cry3ca1, we introduced this gene into transgenic potato plants under the control of the camv 35s promoter. in the resulting transformants, the cry3-ca1 gen ... | 2000 | 11016836 |
| two genes become one: the genes encoding heterochromatin protein su(var)3-9 and translation initiation factor subunit eif-2gamma are joined to a dicistronic unit in holometabolic insects. | the drosophila suppressor of position-effect variegation su(var)3-9 encodes a heterochromatin-associated protein that is evolutionarily conserved. in contrast to its yeast and mammalian orthologs, the drosophila su(var)3-9 gene is fused with the locus encoding the gamma subunit of translation initiation factor eif2. synthesis of the two unrelated proteins is resolved by alternative splicing. a similar dicistronic su(var)3-9/eif-2gamma transcription unit was found in clytus arietis, leptinotarsa ... | 2000 | 11063691 |
| safety and advantages of bacillus thuringiensis-protected plants to control insect pests. | plants modified to express insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (referred to as bt-protected plants) provide a safe and highly effective method of insect control. bt-protected corn, cotton, and potato were introduced into the united states in 1995/1996 and grown on a total of approximately 10 million acres in 1997, 20 million acres in 1998, and 29 million acres globally in 1999. the extremely rapid adoption of these bt-protected crops demonstrates the outstanding grower satisfaction ... | 2000 | 11067772 |
| extreme resistance to potato leafroll virus in potato cv. russet burbank mediated by the viral replicase gene. | high levels of field resistance to potato leafroll virus (plrv; genus: polerovirus; family: luteoviridae) were achieved by expression of the unmodified, full-length plrv replicase gene in potato plants cv. russet burbank. a high degree of resistance was also achieved, but less frequently, by expression of a truncated construct of the replicase gene. in limited testing, neither miss-frame nor antisense constructs of the replicase gene conferred resistance. the degree of resistance expressed among ... | 2000 | 11137161 |
| purification and characterization of a phosphoric triester hydrolase from the tufted apple bud moth, platynota idaeusalis (walker). | whole body homogenates from azinphosmethyl-resistant fifth instars of the tufted apple bud moth demonstrated 11.8-fold elevated phosphoric triester hydrolase (methyl paraoxonase) activity as compared to susceptible insects of the same species. elevated phosphoric triester hydrolase (pteh) activity associated with resistance was also found in the colorado potato beetle but not in the german cockroach or tobacco budworm. phosphoric triester hydrolase activity in the tufted apple bud moth was minim ... | 2001 | 11170316 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry3ca1 protein is toxic to the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). | we expressed the wild-type cry3aa3 and cry3ca1 bacillus thuringiensis genes, which code for insecticidal proteins, in an escherichia coli expression system. highly purified preparations of the soluble delta-endotoxins were used to perform comparative bioassays with third-instar larvae of the colorado potato beetle (cpb). acute mortality data showed that cry3ca1 (ld(50) = 320.1 ng) was 2-fold more toxic than cry3aa3 (ld(50) = 672.9 ng). we also compared the chronic effects of sublethal doses of t ... | 2001 | 11312696 |
| compositional analysis of tubers from insect and virus resistant potato plants. | genetically modified potato plants that are resistant to the colorado potato beetle, plus either the potato leaf roll virus or potato virus y, have recently been commercialized. as part of the safety assessment for plants produced by modern biotechnology, the composition of the food/feed must be compared to that of the food/feed produced by an equivalent plant variety from a conventional source. the composition of important nutritional and antinutritional factors in tubers produced by virus- and ... | 2000 | 11312768 |
| evaluation of synergistic interactions between the colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) pathogen beauveria bassiana and the insecticides, imidacloprid, and cyromazine. | laboratory studies investigated the interaction between the fungal entomopathogen beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin and sublethal doses of the insecticides imidacloprid and cyromazine when applied to larvae of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). when second instars were fed potato leaf discs treated with sublethal doses of imidacloprid and a range of doses of b. bassiana, a synergistic action was demonstrated. similar results were observed when larvae were sprayed d ... | 2001 | 11332824 |
| mortality of colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) after sublethal stress with the cryiiia delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis and subsequent exposure to beauveria bassiana. | acute or chronic sublethal exposure of colorado potato beetle larvae to the cryiiia delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis berliner did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter their subsequent susceptibility to beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin. during the period of exposure to b. bassiana there was continued mortality from previous exposure to delta-endotoxin, and b. bassiana also caused significant mortality. acute and chronic exposure to delta-endotoxin significantly prolonged larval devel ... | 2001 | 11356052 |
| the effect of mode of exposure to beauveria bassiana on conidia acquisition and host mortality of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. | the effects of the mode of exposure of second instar colorado potato beetles to beauveria bassiana on conidia acquisition and resulting mortality were investigated in laboratory studies. larvae sprayed directly with a b. bassiana condial suspension, larvae exposed to b. bassiana-treated foliage, and larvae both sprayed and exposed to treated foliage experienced 76, 34, and 77% mortality, respectively. the total number of conidia and the proportion of germinating conidia were measured over time f ... | 2001 | 11356057 |
| structure of the insecticidal bacterial delta-endotoxin cry3bb1 of bacillus thuringiensis. | the coleopteran-active delta-endotoxin cry3bb1 from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strain eg7231 is uniquely toxic to diabrotica undecimpunctata, the southern corn rootworm, while retaining activity against leptinotarsa decemlineata, the colorado potato beetle. the crystal structure of the delta-endotoxin cry3bb1 has been refined using data collected to 2.4 a resolution, with a residual r factor of 17.5% and an r(free) of 25.3%. the structure is made up of three domains: i, a seven-helix bundle (re ... | 2001 | 11468393 |
| bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1 hybrid proteins with increased activity against the colorado potato beetle. | cry1 delta-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis are generally active against lepidopteran insects, but cry1ba and cry1ia have additional, though low, levels of activity against coleopterans such as the colorado potato beetle. here we report the construction of cry1ba/cry1ia hybrid toxins which have increased activities against this insect species. | 2001 | 11679364 |
| chemistry and biology of thiamethoxam: a second generation neonicotinoid. | thiamethoxam is the first commercial neonicotinoid insecticide from the thianicotinyl subclass. it was discovered in the course of our optimisation program on neonicotinoids started in 1985. novel variations of the nitroimino-heterocycle of imidacloprid led to 4-nitroimino-1,3,5-oxadiazinanes exhibiting high insecticidal activity. among these, thiamethoxam (cga 293433) was identified as the best compound and selected for worldwide development. the compound can be synthesised in only a few steps ... | 2001 | 11695183 |
| changes in protease activity and cry3aa toxin binding in the colorado potato beetle: implications for insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | widespread commercial use of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins to control pest insects has increased the likelihood for development of insect resistance to this entomopathogen. in this study, we investigated protease activity profiles and toxin-binding capacities in the midgut of a strain of colorado potato beetle (cpb) that has developed resistance to the cry3aa toxin of b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. histological examination revealed that the structural integrity of the midgut tissue in ... | 2002 | 11891133 |
| characterization of cell lines developed from the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | in order to isolate new pathogens (viruses, microsporidia, etc.) or to evaluate the efficiency of some pathogens (serovarieties and mutants of bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, etc.) in the control of colorado potato beetle, an economically important pest, we established four cell lines from tissues of this insect. one was initiated from embryonated egg fragments in the m3 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (fbs) and then transferred after several passages to the ex-cell 400 medium wit ... | 2002 | 11928998 |
| long-term retention of ice-nucleating active pseudomonas fluorescens by overwintering colorado potato beetles. | ice nucleating-active pseudomonas fluorescens f264c was fed to colorado potato beetles to determine bacterial retentioin in the beetle gut and its effect on the cold hardiness of this insect pest. the bacrterium was present in beetles recovered after overwintering in the field, seven months after their exposure to p. fluorescens. retention was evident not only in the detection of the p. fluorescens ice nucleating gene, inaw, in bacterial cultures from beetle guts but also in the elevated superco ... | 2000 | 12148058 |
| repeated losses of ttagg telomere repeats in evolution of beetles (coleoptera). | we studied the occurrence of (ttagg)n telomere repeats in 12 species of beetles, representing main lineages of the coleoptera phylogenetic tree, by southern hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). in contrast to other insect orders, beetles were heterogeneous with respect to the occurrence of ttagg repeats. in addition, the presence or absence of (ttagg)n motif was irrespective of phylogenetic relationships. in the suborder polyphaga, six species displayed positive hybridiza ... | 2002 | 12403172 |
| [genetic structure of populations of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)]. | the genetic structure of a colorado potato beetle population from kiev oblast was examined by cluster analysis of individual rapd patterns. the obtained clustering indicates that the population is structured. this may be explained by adaptation to pyrethroid insecticides used for controlling the population size of this pest. micro-evolutionary factors affecting the genetic structure of local populations of colorado potato beetle are discussed. | 2002 | 12500674 |
| [new coleopterancidai strains of bacillus thuringiensis and production of coleopterancide]. | two coleopterancidal strains of bacillus thuringiensis, ym-03 and shq11-10, were isolated from soil in china. h-serotype of ym-03 was h8a8b, and h-serotype of shq11-10 has not been identified. both of them produced flat bipyramid-like crystals which consisted of 68-70 kd and 65 kd protein respectively. bioassay indicated that these two bt strains were very active on the larva of leptinotarsa decemlineata and plagioder aversicolora. they grew prosperously in fermentation. powder of ym-03 product ... | 1999 | 12555556 |
| selective action of acetogenin mitochondrial complex i inhibitors. | five annonaceous acetogenins, rolliniastatin-1 [structure: see text], rolliniastatin-2 [structure: see text], laherradurin [structure: see text], squamocin [structure: see text], annonacin [structure: see text], and rotenone as a reference, differing in their nadh oxidase inhibition activity, have been evaluated for antifeedant, insecticidal, trypanocidal and cytotoxic effects on insect, mammalian and tumor cells. all the test compounds were toxic to leptinotarsa decemlineata, demonstrated selec ... | 2002 | 12562089 |
| diverse enzymatic specificities of digestive proteases, 'intestains', enable colorado potato beetle larvae to counteract the potato defence mechanism. | in response to insect attack, high levels of proteinase inhibitors are synthesised in potato leaves. this can cause inefficient protein digestion in insects, leading to reduced growth, delayed development and lower fecundity. it has been suggested that colorado potato beetle overcomes this defence mechanism by inducing the production of a set of cysteine proteases that are resistant to potato proteinase inhibitors. experiments with gut extracts showed that these proteases have unusual inhibition ... | 2003 | 12675524 |
| a peptide from the male accessory gland in leptinotarsa decemlineata: purification, characterization and molecular cloning. | our interest in the male accessory glands (mags) of leptinotarsa decemlineata was raised recently by our finding that certain cells produce a secretory substance that is recognized by one of our monoclonal antibodies (mac-18), developed for the immunohistochemical demonstration of peptidergic neurons in the brain. we undertook to isolate this substance, presumably a peptide, to find out more about its role in the post-mating physiology of the recipient of this peptide, the mated female. this pap ... | 1997 | 12769897 |
| expression of a male accessory gland peptide of leptinotarsa decemlineata in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. | the male accessory glands (mags) of leptinotarsa decemlineata produce an 8kda peptide, designated led-magp, that is recognized by monoclonal antibody mac-18. the site of synthesis, amino acid sequence and the gene encoding this peptide have been documented ([smid and schooneveld, 1992][smid et al., 1997]). the primary structure is homologous to the n-terminal hexa-repeat section of the chicken prion protein ([harris et al., 1991]). the biological function of the led-magp has yet to be determined ... | 1998 | 12769959 |
| long-term reduction of cold hardiness following ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria in the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. | we investigated the effect of ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria on the supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say), a freeze-intolerant species that overwinters as adults in shallow, terrestrial burrows. ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria (enterobacter agglomerans, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas syringae), fed on slices of potato tuber, caused an abrupt decrease in supercooling capacity. no change occurred ... | 1998 | 12770317 |
| starvation induced stress and the susceptibility of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, to infection by beauveria bassiana. | starvation of second instar colorado potato beetle larvae for 24h immediately after treatment with beauveria bassiana conidia increased susceptibility to the pathogen and subsequent sporulation of cadavers but decreased time to larval death. in feeding studies, b. bassiana-treatment had no effect on subsequent larval development, and mortality occurred 5-6 days after treatment. twenty-four hours of starvation alone retarded subsequent larval development but did not affect mortality. mortality of ... | 2003 | 12788282 |
| the tn antigen-specific lectin from ground ivy is an insecticidal protein with an unusual physiology. | leaves of ground ivy (glechoma hederacea) contain a lectin (called gleheda) that is structurally and evolutionary related to the classical legume lectins. screening of a population of wild plants revealed that gleheda accounts for more than one-third of the total leaf protein in some clones, whereas it cannot be detected in other clones growing in the same environment. gleheda is predominantly expressed in the leaves where it accumulates during early leaf maturation. the lectin is not uniformly ... | 2003 | 12857814 |
| molecular interactions between an insect predator and its herbivore prey on transgenic potato expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from rice. | transgenic plants expressing resistance to herbivorous insects may represent a safe and sustainable pest control alternative if they do not interfere with the natural enemies of target pests. here we examined interactions between oryzacystatin i (oci), a proteinase inhibitor from rice genetically engineered into potato (solanum tuberosum cv. kennebec, line k52) to increase resistance to insect herbivory, and the insect predator perillus bioculatus. this stinkbug is a relatively specialized preda ... | 2003 | 12919480 |
| an attempt of control of leptinotarsa decemlineata with adapted bacillus thuringiensis. | | 1964 | 14170554 |
| botanical insecticides for controlling agricultural pests: piperamides and the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata say (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the efficacy of extracts from two piperaceae species, piper nigrum l. and p. tuberculatum jacq. were evaluated using larvae and adults of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). young larvae and neonates were the most susceptible; a 24-h ld(50) of 0.064% extract of p. tuberculatum was determined for 4-day-old larvae, while 0.05% extract of p. nigrum reduced larval survival up to 70% within one week after treatment of potato solanum tuberosum l. (solanaceae) plants. when an in ... | 2003 | 14635182 |
| colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) feeding, development, and survival to adulthood after continuous exposure to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field. | colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), feeding, development, and survival to adulthood were examined after continuously exposing large larvae to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field. in laboratory assays, the overall consumption and the length of period to become prepupae were determined for larvae, which began as 3rd and 4th instars, that were offered potato leaf disks with naturally declining levels of b. thuringiensis residue. in sm ... | 2000 | 14658525 |
| role of toxin activation on binding and pore formation activity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry3 toxins in membranes of leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). | binding and pore formation constitute key steps in the mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. in this work, we present a comparative analysis of toxin-binding capacities of proteolytically processed cry3a, cry3b and cry3c toxins to brush border membranes (bbmv) of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (cpb), a major potato coleopteran-insect pest. competition experiments showed that the three cry3 proteolytically activated toxins share a common binding site. al ... | 2004 | 14757225 |
| allelochemical potential of callicarpa acuminata. | the allelochemical potential of callicarpa acuminata (verbenaceae) was investigated by using a biodirected fractionation study as part of a long-term project to search for bioactive compounds among the rich biodiversity of plant communities in the ecological reserve el eden, quintana roo, mexico. aqueous leachate, chloroform-methanol extract, and chromatographic fractions of the leaves of c. acuminata inhibited the root growth of test plants (23-70%). some of these treatments caused a moderate i ... | 2003 | 14969362 |
| method for the detection of synthetic cry3a in transgenic potatoes. | all transgenic cultivars of potatoes registered in canada and the united states have been modified to express a synthetic cry3a gene as a means of conferring resistance against the colorado potato beetle, an important economic pest of potatoes. a pcr method was developed to amplify a 499 bp region of the synthetic cry3a gene. using this method, synthetic cry3a could be detected in six different transgenic cultivars. positive results could be confirmed with pvuii restriction digestion of the pcr- ... | 2004 | 14969535 |
| colorado potato beetles compensate for tomato cathepsin d inhibitor expressed in transgenic potato. | we reported earlier the importance of digestive cathepsin d-like activity for initiating dietary protein hydrolysis in colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say [brunelle et al. (1999) arch. insect biochem. physiol. 42:88-98]. we assessed here whether transgenic lines of potato (solanum tuberosum l.) expressing a cathepsin d inhibitor (cdi) from tomato would show resistance to the beetle, or if the insect would compensate for the loss of cathepsin d activity after ingesting the recom ... | 2004 | 14981655 |
| vegetative compatibility groups in indigenous and mass-released strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana: likelihood of recombination in the field. | using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants, we determined vegetative compatibility groups (vcg) among strains of beauveria bassiana representing strains indigenous to north america, isolated from diverse insect hosts, and strains that have been mass released for insect control. genetic similarity among these strains was analyzed using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. our data revealed 23 vcgs among the 34 strains tested, with most of these groups comprised of only a single strain. ... | 2004 | 15145248 |
| larvicidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are released in root exudates of transgenic b. thuringiensis corn, potato, and rice but not of b. thuringiensis canola, cotton, and tobacco. | larvicidal proteins encoded by cry genes from bacillus thuringiensis were released in root exudates from transgenic b. thuringiensis corn, rice, and potato but not from b. thuringiensis canola, cotton, and tobacco. nonsterile soil and sterile hydroponic solution in which b. thuringiensis corn, rice, or potato had been grown were immunologically positive for the presence of the cry proteins; from b. thuringiensis corn and rice, the soil and solution were toxic to the larva of the tobacco hornworm ... | 2004 | 15191740 |
| two new bacterial pathogens of colorado potato beetle coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | other than bacillus thuringiensis berliner, few bacteria are lethal to the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata [say]), a major pest of potatoes and eggplant. expanded use of biologicals for the control of colorado potato beetle will improve resistance management, reduce pesticide use, and produce novel compounds for potential use in transgenic plants. using freeze-dried, rehydrated artificial diet in pellet form to screen bacteria lethal to other insects, we determined that strains ... | 2004 | 15279252 |
| efficacy of piper (piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests. | extracts from three species of the plant family piperaceae, piper nigrum [l.], piper guineense [schum & thonn, and piper tuberculatum [jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. all three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. these materials are considered safe to mammals because piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. when 24-h p. nigrum lc50 values were compared between common insect p ... | 2004 | 15384353 |
| structural diversity and defensive properties of norditerpenoid alkaloids. | we have tested the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of 43 norditerpenoid alkaloids on spodoptera littoralis and leptinotarsa decemlineata including eserine (physostigmine), anabasine, and atropine. antifeedant effects of the test compounds were structure- and species-dependent. the most active antifeedants to l. decemlineata were 1,14-diacetylcardiopetaline (9) and 18-hydroxy- 14-o-methylgadesine (33), followed by 8-o-methylconsolarine (12), 14-o-acetyldelectinine (27), karakoline (7), card ... | 2004 | 15503527 |
| insect cellular and chemical limitations to pathogen development: the colorado potato beetle, the nematode heterorhabditis marelatus, and its symbiotic bacteria. | this research examines possible factors limiting pathogen development and reproduction in a novel host insect. the nematode heterorhabditis marelatus and its symbiotic bacterium, photorhabdus luminescens, kill 98% of nematode-treated colorado potato beetle (cpb) prepupae, but the nematode reproduces in only 1-6% of beetles. we examined nematode/bacterial inhibition at each step of the normal developmental pathway to determine host feature(s) limiting nematode reproduction. we found that in vivo ... | 2004 | 15579320 |
| transgenic-bt potato plant resistance to the colorado potato beetle affect the aphid parasitoid aphidius nigripes. | using the biotechnological plant resistance for herbivore control with less reliance on chemicals in integrated pest management (ipm) programs critically depends on predictable interactions with no-target organisms of various trophic levels. plant resistance to insect pests based on recombinant bacillus thuringiensis could interfere with natural enemies of non target pests. performance of the potato aphid parasitoid aphidius nigripes was studied on the 'superior-bt line transgenic for the crylli ... | 2004 | 15759411 |
| seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of aphids on potato plants with classical and transgenic characters of resistance to colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). | the seasonal abundance and dynamics of potato-infesting aphids were studied in two seasons, on potato solanum tuberosum l. with various types of transgenic and classical resistance to primary pests, especially the colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the lines tested were the newleaf potato, a transgenic expressing the bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia toxin (btt); nyl 235-4 a parental line derived from s. berthaultii (nyl) with a high density of glandular trichomes; and a ... | 2004 | 15759424 |
| colorado potato beetle larvae on potato plants expressing a locust proteinase inhibitor. | the natural defence system of plants often involves inhibitors of digestive enzymes of their pests. modem and environmental-friendly methods try to increase this plant resistance by expressing heterologous protease inhibitors in crops. here we report the effects of expressing a gene from desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) encoding two serine protease inhibitors in potato on colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae. the gene encoding both peptides on a single chain was used fo ... | 2004 | 15759425 |
| bioactive cinchona alkaloids from remijia peruviana. | three known cinchona alkaloids of the quinine type, quinine (1), cupreine (2), cinchonine (3), and the possible artifact cinchonine-hcl (3-hcl), along with two new ones, acetylcupreine (4) and n-ethylquinine (5), have been isolated from the bark of remijia peruviana (rubiaceae). their stereochemical structures were established by high resolution nmr spectroscopy. alkaloids 2-4 had antifeedant effects on leptinotarsa decemlineata with varying potencies. compound 4 was cytotoxic to both insect sf9 ... | 2005 | 15769114 |
| the photorhabdus pir toxins are similar to a developmentally regulated insect protein but show no juvenile hormone esterase activity. | the genome of the insect pathogen photorhabdus luminescens strain tt01 contains numerous genes predicting toxins and proteases. within the p. luminescens tt01 genome, the products of two loci, plu 4093-plu 4092 and plu 4437-plu 4436, show oral insecticidal activity against both moth and mosquito larvae. the proteins encoded by these loci, here termed 'photorhabdus insect related' (pir) proteins a and b, show similarity both to delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bts) and a developmenta ... | 2005 | 15796978 |
| syspastospora parasitica, a mycoparasite of the fungus beauveria bassiana attacking the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata: a tritrophic association. | a tritrophic association is reported, involving a colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) infected with beauveria bassiana, which in turn was infected with syspastospora parasitica. | 2004 | 15861239 |
| developmental and transcriptional responses to host and nonhost cuticles by the specific locust pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. | transcript patterns elicited in response to hosts can reveal how fungi recognize suitable hosts and the mechanisms involved in pathogenicity. these patterns could be fashioned by recognition of host-specific topographical features or by chemical components displayed or released by the host. we investigated this in the specific locust pathogen metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. only host (schistocerca gregaria) cuticle stimulated the full developmental program of germination and differentiation ... | 2005 | 15879528 |
| characterization of beta-leptinotarsin-h and the effects of calcium flux antagonists on its activity. | beta-leptinotarsin-h, purified from the hemolymph of the beetle leptinotarsa haldemani, is a potent ( approximately 1 nm) neuroactive protein that rapidly (few seconds) stimulates ca(2+) influx and neurotransmitter release. our goals were to further characterize beta-leptinotarsin-h and to test the hypothesis that it stimulates ca(2+) influx through presynaptic ca(2+) channels. analysis of partial amino acid sequences revealed that beta-leptinotarsin-h is a unique protein with significant simila ... | 2005 | 15904678 |
| synthesis and insect antifeedant activity of precocene derivatives with lactone moiety. | starting from precocenes i and ii, four of their derivatives with a lactone moiety were obtained. the compounds have been assessed as antifeedants against several diverse insect species including the storage pests the confused flour beetle (tribolium confusum duv., larvae and adults), the granary weevil beetle (sitophilus granarius l., adults), and the khapra beetle (trogoderma granarium ev., larvae) and against the herbivorous pest insects colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata say, ... | 2005 | 16028972 |
| inhibition of colorado potato beetle larvae by a locust proteinase inhibitor peptide expressed in potato. | the cdna for a 73-mer peptide containing two locust serine proteinase inhibitors was cloned, fused to the constitutive camv35s promoter and introduced into potato by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. from 23 independent transgenic lines, three with high mrna level and proteinase inhibitory activity were propagated in vitro and transferred to pots. the peptide from the leaves was identified by its n-terminal sequence and by k(i) values against chymotrypsin and trypsin. colorado potato beetle ... | 2005 | 16086243 |
| a hybrid, broad-spectrum inhibitor of colorado potato beetle aspartate and cysteine digestive proteinases. | protein engineering approaches are currently being devised to improve the inhibitory properties of plant proteinase inhibitors against digestive proteinases of herbivorous insects. here we engineered a potent hybrid inhibitor of aspartate and cysteine digestive proteinases found in the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say. three cathepsin d inhibitors (cdis) from stressed potato and tomato were first compared in their potency to inhibit digestive cathepsin d-like activity of the ... | 2005 | 16116621 |