| stoichiometry of the aldehyde fuchsin staining reaction for proteins. | model systems of agar films containing known concentrations of bovine serum albumin and alpha-chymotrypsinogen were stained with aldehyde fuchsin after oxidation with acidified permanganate solution. these films were scanned in a scanning microphotometer to determine the mean extinction and the total extinction of predetermined areas. results indicate that the dye binds quantitatively to the proteins. blocking the acidic side groups of the proteins inhibited the binding of the dye. the degree of ... | 1975 | 51868 |
| naturally occurring insect growth regulators. ii. screening of insect and plant extracts as insect juvenile hormone mimics. | ethereal extracts prepared from the larvae, pupae, or eggs of 10 species of insects and from various parts of 343 species of higher plants were screened for juvenilizing effects against tenebrio molitor and oncopeltus fasciatus. activity in both species was shown by an extract of the larvae of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, whereas an extract of the pupae was active in o. fasiatus only. extracts of two plant species (echinacea angustifolia roots and chamaecyparis lawsoniana seeds) showed h ... | 1975 | 1221244 |
| detection of antibody and antigen in the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | | 1968 | 4973735 |
| insect radiosensitivity: dose curves and dose-fractionation studies of dominant lethal mutations in the mature sperm of 4 insect species. | males of 4 species of insects: musca domestica l. (housefly) (diptera), oncopeltus fasciatus (dallas) ( milkweed bug) (hemiptera), anagasta kuhniella ( zeller ) ( mealmouth ) (lepidoptera) and heliothis virescens (fab.) (tobacco budworm ) (lepidoptera) were irradiated as adults. dose--response curves for the induction of dominant lethal mutations in the mature sperm were constructed. the curves were analyzed mathematically and compared with theoretical computer simulated curves requiring 1, 2, 4 ... | 1984 | 6539419 |
| apparent resistance to mutagenesis by ionizing radiation, and some other unusual responses. | it is pointed out that in some species it is very difficult or even apparently impossible to get genetic visible marker mutants by means of ionizing radiation. such results are not as a rule published. species in which no mutants at all could be obtained, after what seem to be adequate efforts by several geneticists are limnaea peregra, rhynchosciara angelae, coelopa frigida, oncopeltus fasciatus, dermestes maculatus. published data on sciara, tribolium, blattella, in which a relative difficulty ... | 1983 | 6581375 |
| excretion of ouabain by malpighian tubules of oncopeltus fasciatus. | an in vitro preparation of malpighian tubules was used to investigate the excretion of the polar cardiac glycoside, ouabain, in oncopeltus fasciatus. tubules were found to consist of at least two morphologically and physiologically distinct segments, both of which metabolized ouabain. the distal segment (segment ii) secreted primary urine and ouabain. secretion of ouabain by segment ii was not observed to occur against a concentration gradient and increased with increasing fluid secretion. the p ... | 1984 | 6720994 |
| permeability of gap junctions at the segmental border in insect epidermis. | we have examined cell-cell communication between epidermal cells of fifth-instar larvae of the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus and those of maggots of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala. ionic coupling and the transfer of injected lucifer yellow (molecular weight 450) and lead-edta (molecular weight 374) were used to map the pattern of communication. all epidermal cells, regardless of their position with respect to the segmental border, were ionically coupled. in both species lucifer yellow ... | 1982 | 7060129 |
| toxicity of the venom from nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) toward fly hosts, nontarget insects, different developmental stages, and cultured insect cells. | a venom preparation from nasonia vitripennis, a wasp ectoparasitoid of fly pupae, was assayed for lethality in different stages of insects representing ten different orders and in cultured insect cells. in most cases, the motor activity of the injected insects remained completely normal for 1-2 days after the injection and displayed none of the symptoms of paralysis commonly reported for venoms of the hymenoptera. a natural host, the flesh fly sarcophaga bullata, was highly sensitive in the pupa ... | 1993 | 8342173 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of new analogues of the active fungal metabolites n-(2-methyl-3-oxodecanoyl)-2-pyrroline and n-(2-methyl-3-oxodec-8-enoyl)-2-pyrroline. | to evaluate the effect of simplifying the beta-ketoamide system present in active isolated metabolites from penicillium brevicompactum (2 and 3) on the activity, new analogues with a monocarbonylic amide functionality have been obtained. in this way, the insecticidal and fungicidal activities have been improved in relation to the natural products taken as lead molecules. thus, two of the synthetic analogues (5a and 5b) showed very important insecticidal activities against third-instar nymphs of ... | 1999 | 10552736 |
| ultrastructural and biochemical characterization of promastigote and cystic forms of leptomonas wallacei n. sp. isolated from the intestine of its natural host oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | promastigote forms of a trypanosomatid were isolated from the third and fourth ventricles of the midgut and from the hindgut of the phytophagous hemipteran oncopeltus fasciatus. some individuals had adhered to its anterior region, close to the flagellar pocket, or to the flagellum up to four rounded aflagellated forms known as straphangers cysts. scanning electron microscopy revealed that the flagellated forms presented a twisted cell body and a long flagellum, and the cysts, smaller than the pa ... | 2000 | 10847337 |
| immunolocalization and possible effect of a moth allatotropin-like substance in a fly, phormia regina (diptera: calliphoridae). | insect allatotropin upregulates the biosynthesis of juvenile hormones by the corpus allatum. we raised two rabbit antisera against the allatotropin of manduca sexta (mas at) using a synthetic, multiple-antigenic-peptide that contains a branching heptalysine core and eight mas at molecules. both antisera recognized specifically the same neurons in the larval brain, frontal ganglion and terminal abdominal ganglion of m. sexta as previously reported by others. immunoassay showed reactivity specific ... | 2001 | 11119769 |
| differential infectivity of two pseudomonas species and the immune response in the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus (insecta: hemiptera). | pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida show a profound differential infectivity after inoculation in oncopeltus fasciatus. whereas p. putida has no significant impact on nymphs, p. aeruginosa kills all experimental animals within 48 h. both pseudomonas species, however, induce the same four hemolymph peptides in o. fasciatus. also injection of saline solution and injury induced these peptides. in general peptide induction was stronger in nymphs than in adult males. a significantly higher ... | 2001 | 11812116 |
| characterization and toxicity of amanita cokeri extract. | the nonprotein amino acids 2-amino-3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic acid were isolated from the mushroom amanita cokeri. the cyclopropyl amino acid is toxic to the fungus cercospora kikuchii, the arthropod oncopeltus fasciatus (milk weed bug), and the bacteria agrobacterium tumefaciens, erwinia amylovora, and xanthomonas campestris. toxicity to bacteria was reversible by addition of isoleucine to the medium. no toxicity was observed for 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic aci ... | 2002 | 11925071 |
| interaction of leptomonas wallacei with the intestinal tract of its natural host oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | while investigating the distribution of leptomonas wallacei in the intestine of the insect host oncopeltus fasciatus, promastigotes and cyst-like forms of l. wallacei were observed only in the midgut ventricles v(3) and v(4) and the hindgut. in video-microscopy, once contact had occurred, the parasites remained attached to the midgut epithelium. scanning electron microscopy revealed the adhesion of flagellates and cyst-like forms to the midgut wall and to the rectal pads of the hindgut. using tr ... | 2003 | 12581718 |
| insecticidal activity of penitrems, including penitrem g, a new member of the family isolated from penicillium crustosum. | penitrem g (7), a new indole-diterpenoid compound, has been isolated together with the already known mycotoxins penitrems a-d (1-4) and f (6) from the mycelium of penicillium crustosum thom. the structure of penitrem g was established on the basis of spectroscopic data. in addition, paspaline (8), another indole-diterpenoid mycotoxin that has not been previously described in this fungus, was also isolated. these compounds were tested for insecticidal activity against the hemipteran oncopeltus fa ... | 2003 | 12670149 |
| leptomonas wallacei shows distinct morphology and surface carbohydrates composition along the intestinal tract of its host oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera: lygaeidae) and in axenic culture. | leptomonas wallacei is a monoxenic trypanosomatid that colonizes the digestive tract of the phytophagous hemipteran oncopeltus fasciatus. this infection was specific and took place exclusively in midgut intestinal ventricles v3 and v4, and in the hindgut. abundances of parasites in the hindgut were 54% less than those in the hindgut. parasites in the hindgut were more slender and had a longer flagellum than those from the hindgut, which were rounded, with a shorter flagellum. moreover, hindgut f ... | 2003 | 14974433 |
| insect feeding deterrents in endophyte-infected tall fescue. | the presence of an endophytic fungus, acremonium coenophialum, in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) deterred aphid feeding by rhopalosiphum padi and schizaphis graminum. both species of aphid were unable to survive when confined to endophyte-infected tall fescue plants. feeding deterrents and toxic factors to r. padi and oncopeltus fasciatus, large milkweed bug, were primarily associated with a methanol extract obtained when endophyte-infected tall fescue seed was serially extracted with hexane, ... | 1985 | 16346751 |
| gp63-like molecules in phytomonas serpens: possible role in the insect interaction. | in this study, we demonstrated that metallopeptidase inhibitors (edta, egta, and 1,10-phenanthroline) were able to arrest phytomonas serpens growth in distinct patterns. this parasite released exclusively metallopeptidases to the extracellular environment, whereas in cellular extracts only cysteine peptidases were detected. in addition, an extracellular polypeptide of 60 kda reacted in western blotting probed with polyclonal antibody raised against gp63 of leishmania amazonensis. in the cellular ... | 2006 | 16732452 |
| [development of cyst-like cells of the flagellate leptomonas oncopelti in the midgut of the hemipteran oncopeltus fasciatus]. | the structure of cyst-like cells of leptomonas oncopelti (trypanosomatidae) found in the midgut of the bug oncopeltus fasciatus (lygaeidae) was examined with light and electron microscopy. the formation of "cysts" begins with an unequal division of active flagellates with promastigote configuration. cytokinesis starts on the lateral side of the flagellate, and then the cleavage furrow moves toward the apical end of the cell. the anterior part of a smaller daughter cell, referred to as cell c1, r ... | 2006 | 17089627 |
| phytomonas serpens: immunological similarities with the human trypanosomatid pathogens. | the present review provides an overview of recent discoveries concerning the immunological similarities between phytomonas serpens, a tomato parasite, and human trypanosomatid pathogens, with special emphasis on peptidases. leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi express peptidases that are well-known virulence factors, named leishmanolysin and cruzipain. p. serpens synthesizes two distinct classes of proteolytic enzymes, metallo- and cysteine-type peptidases, that share common epitopes with leish ... | 2007 | 17556002 |
| a rapid cold-hardening process in insects. | traditionally studies of cold tolerance in insects have focused on seasonal adaptations related to overwintering that are observed after weeks or months of exposure to low temperature. in contrast, an extremely rapid cold-hardening response was observed in nonoverwintering stages that confers protection against injury due to cold shock at temperatures above the supercooling point. this response was observed in nondiapausing larvae and pharate adults of the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis, non ... | 1987 | 17800568 |
| cysteine peptidases in the tomato trypanosomatid phytomonas serpens: influence of growth conditions, similarities with cruzipain and secretion to the extracellular environment. | we have characterized the cysteine peptidase production by phytomonas serpens, a tomato trypanosomatid. the parasites were cultivated in four distinct media, since growth conditions could modulate the synthesis of bioactive molecules. the proteolytic profile has not changed qualitatively regardless the media, showing two peptidases of 38 and 40kda; however, few quantitative changes were observed including a drastic reduction (around 70%) on the 40 and 38kda peptidase activities when parasites we ... | 2008 | 18793639 |
| neuropeptides in heteroptera: identification of allatotropin-related peptide and tachykinin-related peptides using maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | recently, the peptidomic analysis of neuropeptides from the retrocerebral complex and abdominal perisympathetic organs of polyphagous stinkbugs (pentatomidae) revealed the group-specific sequences of pyrokinins, capa peptides (capa-periviscerokinins/pvks and capa-pyrokinin), myosuppressin, corazonin, adipokinetic hormone, and short neuropeptide f. in this study, we used mass spectrometric profiling of nervous tissue from the species-rich taxon hemiptera to identify products of two previously uno ... | 2009 | 19084564 |
| comparative studies of herpetomonads and leishmanias : i. cultivation of herpetomonads from insects and plants. | nine strains of herpetomonads have been isolated in pure culture from eight varieties of insects, and three strains from two species of plants. four of the cultures were derived from latex-feeding insects (oncopeltus fasciatus, oncopeltus sp. ?, lygaeus kalmii) and three from latex plants (asclepias syriaca, asclepias nivea), two from mosquitoes (culex pipiens and anopheles quadrimaculatus), one from the house fly (musca domestica), and two from bluebottle flies. in addition impure cultures have ... | 1926 | 19869186 |
| comparative studies of herpetomonads and leishmanias : ii. differentiation of the organisms by serological reactions and fermentation tests. | serological reactions and fermentation tests have been employed in the present investigation as a means of differentiating various strains of herpetomonads from one another as well as from leishmanias. the twelve strains of herpetomonads isolated from insects and plants all proved to be serologically unrelated to any of the leishmanias, and were distinguishable from them by the manner in which they affected various carbohydrates. three of the strains of herpetomonads tested had been isolated fro ... | 1926 | 19869187 |
| early patterning and blastodermal fate map of the head in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. | the process of head development in insects utilizes a set of widely conserved genes, but this process and its evolution are not well understood. recent data from tribolium castaneum have provided a baseline for an understanding of insect head development. however, work on a wider range of insect species, including members of the hemimetabolous orders, is needed in order to draw general conclusions about the evolution of head differentiation and regionalization. we have cloned and studied the exp ... | 2011 | 23016905 |
| modulation of ribosomal rna synthesis in oncopeltus fasciatus: an electron microscopic study of the relationship between changes in chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. | | 1964 | 277315 |
| effects of a juvenile hormone mimic on flight in the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | | 2015 | 4649178 |
| the function of the follicular epithelium in vitellogenic oncopeltus follicles. | autoradiographic and electrophoretic methods that have detected an endogenously synthesized protein yolk component in hyalophora cecropia follicles failed to reveal such a protein in oncopeltus fasciatus. similarly, neither sulfate nor glucosamine was incorporated into the intercellular matrix of vitellogenic follicles, though both label these regions intensely in hyalophora. while both insects produce yolk from hemolymph vitellogenin, their follicles thus appear to support the process by very d ... | 2004 | 524343 |
| rna synthesis in the follicular epithelium of the milkweed bug ovary. | | 1989 | 1133488 |
| glucocorticoid action on the growth and development of insects. | cortisol increased growth and differentiation in the large milkweed insect (oncopeltus fasciatus). the glucocorticoid significantly increased the growth of the insect as analyzed by wet and dry weights. cortisol also stimulated the development of the insects over that of the controls during the six day bioassay. | 2012 | 3561173 |
| ultrastructure of differentiating hemocytes in the embryo of oncopeltus fasciatus dallas (insecta, heteroptera). | | 1994 | 205369 |
| the role of the pupal determinant broad during embryonic development of a direct-developing insect. | metamorphosis is one of the most common, yet dramatic of life history strategies. in insects, complete metamorphosis with morphologically distinct larval stages arose from hemimetabolous ancestors that were more direct developing. over the past century, several ideas have emerged that suggest the holometabolous pupa is developmentally homologous to the embryonic stages of the hemimetabolous ancestor. other theories consider the pupal stage to be a modification of a hemimetabolous nymph. to addre ... | 2010 | 20127251 |
| an insight into the sialotranscriptome of the seed-feeding bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | the salivary transcriptome of the seed-feeding hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus (milkweed bug), is described following assembly of 1025 expressed sequence tags (ests) into 305 clusters of related sequences. inspection of these sequences reveals abundance of low complexity, putative secreted products rich in the amino acids (aa) glycine, serine or threonine, which might function as silk or mucins and assist food canal lubrication and sealing of the feeding site around the mouthparts. several prot ... | 2007 | 17681229 |
| susceptibility of phytomonas serpens to calpain inhibitors in vitro: interference on the proliferation, ultrastructure, cysteine peptidase expression and interaction with the invertebrate host. | a pleiotropic response to the calpain inhibitor mdl28170 was detected in the tomato parasite phytomonas serpens. ultrastructural studies revealed that mdl28170 caused mitochondrial swelling, shortening of flagellum and disruption of trans golgi network. this effect was correlated to the inhibition in processing of cruzipain-like molecules, which presented an increase in expression paralleled by decreased proteolytic activity. concomitantly, a calcium-dependent cysteine peptidase was detected in ... | 2016 | 27925020 |
| community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in the na,k-atpase. | the extent of convergent molecular evolution is largely unknown, yet is critical to understanding the genetics of adaptation. target site insensitivity to cardenolides is a prime candidate for studying molecular convergence because herbivores in six orders of insects have specialized on these plant poisons, which gain their toxicity by blocking an essential transmembrane carrier, the sodium pump (na,k-atpase). we investigated gene sequences of the na,k-atpase α-subunit in 18 insects feeding on c ... | 2012 | 22826239 |
| the nuclear receptor e75a has a novel pair-rule-like function in patterning the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | genetic studies of the fruit fly drosophila have revealed a hierarchy of segmentation genes (maternal, gap, pair-rule and hox) that subdivide the syncytial blastoderm into sequentially finer-scale coordinates. within this hierarchy, the pair-rule genes translate gradients of information into periodic stripes of expression. how pair-rule genes function during the progressive mode of segmentation seen in short and intermediate-germ insects is an ongoing question. here we report that the nuclear re ... | 2009 | 19580803 |
| a clustered set of three sp-family genes is ancestral in the metazoa: evidence from sequence analysis, protein domain structure, developmental expression patterns and chromosomal location. | the sp-family of transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved zinc finger proteins present in many animal species. the orthology of the sp genes in different animals is unclear and their evolutionary history is therefore controversially discussed. this is especially the case for the sp gene buttonhead (btd) which plays a key role in head development in drosophila melanogaster, and has been proposed to have originated by a recent gene duplication. the purpose of the presented study was to t ... | 2010 | 20353601 |
| the immune response of hemocytes of the insect oncopeltus fasciatus against the flagellate phytomonas serpens. | the genus phytomonas includes parasites that are etiological agents of important plant diseases, especially in central and south america. these parasites are transmitted to plants via the bite of an infected phytophagous hemipteran. despite the economic impact of these parasites, many basic questions regarding the genus phytomonas remain unanswered, such as the mechanism by which the parasites cope with the immune response of the insect vector. in this report, using a model of systemic infection ... | 2013 | 24015207 |
| evidence that a laminin-like insect protein mediates early events in the interaction of a phytoparasite with its vector's salivary gland. | phytomonas species are plant parasites of the family trypanosomatidae, which are transmitted by phytophagous insects. some phytomonas species cause major agricultural damages. the hemipteran oncopeltus fasciatus is natural and experimental host for several species of trypanosomatids, including phytomonas spp. the invasion of the insect vectors' salivary glands is one of the most important events for the life cycle of phytomonas species. in the present study, we show the binding of phytomonas ser ... | 2012 | 23118944 |
| phytomonas serpens: cysteine peptidase inhibitors interfere with growth, ultrastructure and host adhesion. | in this study, we report the ultrastructural and growth alterations caused by cysteine peptidase inhibitors on the plant trypanosomatid phytomonas serpens. we showed that the cysteine peptidase inhibitors at 10 microm were able to arrest cellular growth as well as promote alterations in the cell morphology, including the parasites becoming short and round. additionally, iodoacetamide induced ultrastructural alterations, such as disintegration of cytoplasmic organelles, swelling of the nucleus an ... | 2006 | 16310789 |
| the effect of host plant phenology on reproduction of the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, in tropical florida. | a field study of the relationship between host plant phenology and the reproductive pattern of the large milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, was conducted in south florida. since o. fasciatus need seeds of either milkweed or nerium oleander plants to reproduce, reproduction takes place on only those host plants that are producing seed pods.two of four major host plants, asclepias incarnata and sarcostemma clausa fruit seasonally, producing pods in early autumn and early winter, respectively. the ... | 1982 | 28310113 |
| competition: butterflies eliminate milkweed bugs from a caribbean island. | by eliminating the food plant, asclepias curassavica, monarch butterflies, danaus plexippus, have virtually eliminated milkweed bugs, oncopeltus spp., from the island of barbados. the relatively open terrain of barbados means the plants have no refuge; the butterflies survive on an alternate milkweed food plant, calotropis procera, whose thick-walled pods make seeds unavailable to the bugs. | 1978 | 28309293 |
| natural food requirements of the large milkweed bug,oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera: lygaeidae), and their relation to gregariousness and host plant morphology. | the life ofoncopeltus fasciatus centers on the seeds of milkweeds (asclepiadaceae,asclepias syriaca in this study). adults reproduce prolifically on these seeds, but they engage in only half as much copulation and lay only a few eggs when fed milkweed buds and flowers instead. they can not maintain body weight on a diet of just vegetative plants. vegetative shoots support only slow growth and produce adults only in certain circumstances.seeds are often inaccessible to nymphs in the three younges ... | 1976 | 28309260 |
| | the feeding behaviour of oncopeltus fasciatus has been investigated. exploration of food materials is performed by means of watery saliva which is secreted onto surfaces of substrates and sucked back again. histological tests indicate that the animal preferably pierces the conducting system of the vicia faba plant. oncopeltus fasciatus secretes sheath material which coagulates and forms a lining to the path of the stylets during plant feeding. feeding on seeds (asclepias syriaca and helianthus a ... | 1969 | 28308908 |
| covalent attachment of heme to the protein moiety in an insect e75 nitric oxide sensor. | we have recombinantly expressed and purified the ligand binding domains (lbds) of four insect nuclear receptors of the e75 family. the drosophila melanogaster and bombyx mori nuclear receptors were purified as ferric hemoproteins with soret maxima at 424 nm, whereas their ferrous forms had a soret maximum at 425 nm that responds to (•)no and co binding. in contrast, the purified lbd of oncopeltus fasciatus displayed a soret maximum at 415 nm for the ferric protein that shifted to 425 nm in its f ... | 2012 | 22946928 |
| [variations induced by juvenile hormone and precocene ii in the metabolic rate of 3 species of insects]. | the effects of juvenile hormone and precocoene ii on the metabolic rate of blattela germanica l. (blattaria, blattellidae), spilostethus pandurus scop. (heteroptera: lygaeidae) and oncopeltus fasciatus dallas (heteroptera: lygaeidae) 5th instar nymphs and adults have been investigated. direct volumetric method was used to determine the oxygen consumption rate. jh produced a stage and/or sex dependent increase in the metabolic rate according to the species considered. on the other hand, pii decre ... | 1991 | 1871415 |
| varied effects of 1-octanol on gap junctional communication between ovarian epithelial cells and oocytes of oncopeltus fasciatus, hyalophora cecropia, and drosophila melanogaster. | in insect gap junctions, species-specific differences occur in response to the purported gap junction uncoupling agent, 1-octanol. changes in gap junctional communication between oocytes and their epithelial cells following treatment with 1-octanol were assayed in oncopeltus fasciatus (the milkweed bug), hyalophora cecropia (the american silk moth), and drosophila melanogaster. in all three species, microinjection of untreated control follicles with lucifer yellow ch revealed extensive dye coupl ... | 2000 | 10613960 |
| insecticidal effect of canavalia ensiformis major urease on nymphs of the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus and characterization of digestive peptidases. | jackbean (canavalia ensiformis) ureases are entomotoxic upon the release of internal peptides by insect's digestive enzymes. here we studied the digestive peptidases of oncopeltus fasciatus (milkweed bug) and its susceptibility to jackbean urease (jbu). o. fasciatus nymphs fed urease showed a mortality rate higher than 80% after two weeks. homogenates of midguts dissected from fourth instars were used to perform proteolytic activity assays. the homogenates hydrolyzed jbu in vitro, yielding a fra ... | 2011 | 21377528 |
| gene duplications circumvent trade-offs in enzyme function: insect adaptation to toxic host plants. | herbivorous insects and their adaptations against plant toxins provide striking opportunities to investigate the genetic basis of traits involved in coevolutionary interactions. target site insensitivity to cardenolides has evolved convergently across six orders of insects, involving identical substitutions in the na,k-atpase gene and repeated convergent gene duplications. the large milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, has three copies of the na,k-atpase α-subunit gene that bear differing numbers ... | 2016 | 27683239 |
| blastoderm segmentation in oncopeltus fasciatus and the evolution of insect segmentation mechanisms. | segments are formed simultaneously in the blastoderm of the fly drosophila melanogaster through a hierarchical cascade of interacting transcription factors. conversely, in many insects and in all non-insect arthropods most segments are formed sequentially from the posterior. we have looked at segmentation in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. posterior segments are formed sequentially, through what is probably the ancestral arthropod mechanism. formation of anterior segments bears many simil ... | 2016 | 27708151 |
| stem cell autotomy and niche interaction in different systems. | the best known cases of cell autotomy are the formation of erythrocytes and thrombocytes (platelets) from progenitor cells that reside in special niches. recently, autotomy of stem cells and its enigmatic interaction with the niche has been reported from male germline stem cells (gscs) in several insect species. first described in lepidopterans, the silkmoth, followed by the gipsy moth and consecutively in hemipterans, foremost the milkweed bug. in both, moths and the milkweed bug, gscs form fin ... | 2015 | 26240680 |
| vitellogenesis in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster: antagonists demonstrate that the plc, ip3/dag, pk-c pathway is triggered by calmodulin. | in drosophila melanogaster m. (diptera: drosophilidae), a phospholipase-c to proteininase-c signal cascade leads to the endocytic uptake of yolk precursor molecules. the data suggest that d. melanogaster has a phospholipase-c/proteinkinase-c signaling pathway similar to that previously shown to be required for vitellogenesis in the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus dallas (hemiptera: lygaeidae). calmodulin, derived from epithelial cells and transported to the oocytes via gap junctions, may trig ... | 2013 | 24228869 |
| evidence against a germ plasm in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus, a hemimetabolous insect. | primordial germ cell (pgc) formation in holometabolous insects like drosophila melanogaster relies on maternally synthesised germ cell determinants that are asymmetrically localised to the oocyte posterior cortex. embryonic nuclei that inherit this "germ plasm" acquire pgc fate. in contrast, historical studies of basally branching insects (hemimetabola) suggest that a maternal requirement for germ line genes in pgc specification may be a derived character confined principally to holometabola. ho ... | 2013 | 23789106 |
| evolution of the insect terminal patterning system--insights from the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | the anterior and posterior ends of the insect embryo are patterned through the terminal patterning system, which is best known from the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster. in drosophila, the rtk receptor torso and its presumed co-activator torso-like initiate a signaling cascade, which activates two terminal gap genes, tailless and huckebein. these in turn interact with various patterning genes to define terminal structures. work on other insect species has shown that this system is poorly conserv ... | 2013 | 23665175 |
| evolution of nubbin function in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insect appendages. | insects display a whole spectrum of morphological diversity, which is especially noticeable in the organization of their appendages. a recent study in a hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus (milkweed bug), showed that nubbin (nub) affects antenna morphogenesis, labial patterning, the length of the femoral segment in legs, and the formation of a limbless abdomen. to further determine the role of this gene in the evolution of insect morphology, we analyzed its functions in two additional hemimetabolou ... | 2011 | 21708143 |
| mutual regulatory interactions of the trunk gap genes during blastoderm patterning in the hemipteran oncopeltus fasciatus. | the early embryo of the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, appears as a single cell layer - the embryonic blastoderm - covering the entire egg. it is at this blastoderm stage that morphological domains are first determined, long before the appearance of overt segmentation. central to the process of patterning the blastoderm into distinct domains are a group of transcription factors known as gap genes. in drosophila melanogaster these genes form a network of interactions, and maintain sharp expr ... | 2010 | 20643118 |
| epithelial reorganization events during late extraembryonic development in a hemimetabolous insect. | as extra-embryonic tissues, the amnion and serosa are not considered to contribute materially to the insect embryo, yet they must execute an array of morphogenetic movements before they are dispensable. in hemimetabolous insects, these movements have been known for over a century, but they have remained virtually unexamined. this study addresses late extraembryonic morphogenesis in the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. cell shape changes and apoptosis profiles are used to characterize the memb ... | 2010 | 20045678 |
| formation of the insect head involves lateral contribution of the intercalary segment, which depends on tc-labial function. | the insect head is composed of several segments. during embryonic development, the segments fuse to form a rigid head capsule where obvious segmental boundaries are lacking. hence, the assignment of regions of the insect head to specific segments is hampered, especially with respect to dorsal (vertex) and lateral (gena) parts. we show that upon tribolium labial (tc-lab) knock down, the intercalary segment is deleted but not transformed. furthermore, we find that the intercalary segment contribut ... | 2010 | 19913530 |
| a conserved function of the zinc finger transcription factor sp8/9 in allometric appendage growth in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. | the genes encoding the closely related zinc finger transcription factors buttonhead (btd) and d-sp1 are expressed in the developing limb primordia of drosophila melanogaster and are required for normal growth of the legs. the d-sp1 homolog of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum, sp8 (appropriately termed sp8/9), is also required for the proper growth of the leg segments. here we report on the isolation and functional study of the sp8/9 gene from the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. we sho ... | 2009 | 19760183 |
| rnai analysis of nubbin embryonic functions in a hemimetabolous insect, oncopeltus fasciatus. | although the expression of the pou homeodomain gene nubbin (nub) has been examined in several arthropod species, its function has been studied only in drosophila. here, we provide the first insight into functional roles of this gene in a hemimetabolous insect species, oncopeltus fasciatus. the analysis of its function using rnai resulted in the altered morphology of antennae and labial tubes in the head, legs in the thorax, and, most notably, the growth of ectopic appendages originating from abd ... | 2008 | 19021741 |
| structural polarity and dynamics of male germline stem cells in an insect (milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus). | knowing the structure opens a door for a better understanding of function because there is no function without structure. male germline stem cells (gscs) of the milkweed bug (oncopeltus fasciatus) exhibit a very extraordinary structure and a very special relationship with their niche, the apical cells. this structural relationship is strikingly different from that known in the fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster) -- the most successful model system, which allowed deep insights into the signaling ... | 2008 | 18370052 |
| antenna and all gnathal appendages are similarly transformed by homothorax knock-down in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | our understanding of the developmental mechanisms underlying the vast diversity of arthropod appendages largely rests on the peculiar case of the dipteran drosophila melanogaster. in this insect, homothorax (hth) and extradenticle (exd) together play a pivotal role in appendage patterning and identity. we investigated the role of the hth homologue in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus by parental rna interference. this species has a more generalized morphology than oncopeltus fasciatus, the one oth ... | 2008 | 18061158 |
| functional analyses in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera) support a role for wnt signaling in body segmentation but not appendage development. | specification of the proximal-distal (pd) axis of insect appendages is best understood in drosophila melanogaster, where conserved signaling molecules encoded by the genes decapentaplegic (dpp) and wingless (wg) play key roles. however, the development of appendages from imaginal discs as in drosophila is a derived state, while more basal insects produce appendages from embryonic limb buds. therefore, the universality of the drosophila limb pd axis specification mechanism has been debated since ... | 2005 | 15939417 |
| functional analyses of tiptop and antennapedia in the embryonic development of oncopeltus fasciatus suggests an evolutionary pathway from ground state to insect legs. | in insects, selector genes are thought to modify the development of a default, or 'ground state', appendage into a tagma-specific appendage such as a mouthpart, antenna or leg. in the best described example, drosophila melanogaster, the primary determination of leg identity is thought to result from regulatory interactions between the hox genes and the antennal-specifying gene homothorax. based on rna-interference, a functional analysis of the selector gene tiptop and the hox gene antennapedia i ... | 2005 | 15563520 |
| hunchback is required for suppression of abdominal identity, and for proper germband growth and segmentation in the intermediate germband insect oncopeltus fasciatus. | insects such as drosophila melanogaster undergo a derived form of segmentation termed long germband segmentation. in long germband insects, all of the body regions are specified by the blastoderm stage. thus, the entire body plan is proportionally represented on the blastoderm. this is in contrast to short and intermediate germband insects where only the most anterior body regions are specified by the blastoderm stage. posterior segments are specified later in embryogenesis during a period of ge ... | 2004 | 14998925 |
| for uptake of yolk precursors, epithelial cell-oocyte gap junctional communication is required by insects representing six different orders. | for uptake of vitellogenin protein into nascent yolk spheres, communication through open gap junction channels between the follicle epithelium and oocyte is required by six different insects representing six different orders. it was recently shown in the hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus, that endocytic uptake of yolk protein resulting in the formation of nascent yolk spheres depended upon an intact epithelium communicating with the oocyte through patent gap junctions. following treatment with oc ... | 2002 | 12770077 |
| proboscipedia represses distal signaling in the embryonic gnathal limb fields of tribolium castaneum. | orthologs of the hox genes sex combs reduced ( scr) and proboscipedia ( pd) are active in the developing labial appendages of all insect species tested. the remarkable variation among insect gnathal structures, particularly in the distal podomeres, suggests two hox genes may enhance the adaptive potential of gnathal appendage morphology. functional studies in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster, the flour beetle tribolium castaneum and the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus show that cooperation ... | 2003 | 12632174 |
| the development and evolution of insect mouthparts as revealed by the expression patterns of gnathocephalic genes. | to understand better both the development and evolution of insect mouthparts, we have compared the expression pattern of several developmentally important genes in insects with either mandibulate or stylate-haustellate mouthparts. specifically, we examined the expression of the proboscipedia (pb) and distal-less (dll) gene products as well as three regulators of pb, sex combs reduced (scr), deformed (dfd), and cap 'n' collar (cnc). these genes are known to control the identity of cells in the gn ... | 2010 | 12004967 |
| interactions of the tribolium sex combs reduced and proboscipedia orthologs in embryonic labial development. | the role of hox genes in the development of insect gnathal appendages has been examined in three insects: the fruitfly, drosophila melanogaster; the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus; and the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. in each of these organisms, the identity of the labium depends on the homeotic genes sex combs reduced (scr) and proboscipedia (pb). loss of pb function in each of the three insects results in homeotic transformation of the labial appendages to legs. in contrast, loss ... | 2001 | 11779803 |
| comparative insect developmental genetics: phenotypes without mutants. | the last decade has seen a dramatic increase in interest in the extent to which morphological evolution depends on changes in regulatory pathways. insects provide a fertile ground for study because of their diversity and our high level of understanding of the genetic regulation of development in drosophila melanogaster. however, comparable genetic approaches are presently possible in only a small number of non-drosophilid insects. in a recent paper, hughes and kaufman have used a new methodology ... | 2001 | 11340618 |
| rnai analysis of deformed, proboscipedia and sex combs reduced in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus: novel roles for hox genes in the hemipteran head. | insects have evolved a large variety of specialized feeding strategies, with a corresponding variability in mouthpart morphology. we have, however, little understanding of the developmental mechanisms that underlie this diversity. until recently it was difficult to perform any analysis of gene function outside of the genetic model insects drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castaneum. in this paper, we report the use of dsrna-mediated interference (rnai) to dissect gene function in the develop ... | 2000 | 10934013 |
| evolution of the insect body plan as revealed by the sex combs reduced expression pattern. | the products of the hom/hox homeotic genes form a set of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that control elaborate developmental processes and specify cell fates in many metazoans. we examined the expression of the ortholog of the homeotic gene sex combs reduced (scr) of drosophila melanogaster in insects of three divergent orders: hemiptera, orthoptera and thysanura. our data reflect how the conservation and variation of scr expression has affected the morphological evolution of ins ... | 1997 | 9006076 |
| analysis of chromatin-associated fiber arrays. | electron microscopic examination of chromatin from embryonic nuclei of oncopeltus fasciatus and drosophila melanogaster reveals arrays of chromatin associated fibers. the lengths and spacings of these fibers were analyzed to provide a basis for defining and interpreting regions of transcriptionally active chromatin. the results of the analysis are consistent with the interpretation of some fibers as nascent rna with associated protein (rnp). the chromatin segments underlying these fiber arrays w ... | 1976 | 826376 |
| meiotic behavior of 18 species from eight families of terrestrial heteroptera. | insects of the suborder heteroptera are known for their odor, for being pests, or for being disease carriers. to gain better insight into the cytogenetic characteristics of heteropterans, 18 species of terrestrial heteroptera belonging to eight families were studied. the presence of heteropycnotic corpuscles during prophase i, terminal or interstitial chiasmas, telomeric associations between chromosomes, ring disposals of autosomes during metaphase, and late migrations of the sex chromosomes dur ... | 2014 | 25347839 |
| plant-determined variation in the cardenolide content, thin-layer chromatography profiles, and emetic potency of monarch butterflies,danaus plexippus reared on the milkweed,asclepias eriocarpa in california. | this paper is the first in a series on cardenolide fingerprinting of the monarch butterfly. new methodologies are presented which allow both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the constituent cardenolides which these insects derive in the wild from specificasclepias foodplants. analyses of thin-layer chromatographic profiles ofasclepias eriocarpa cardenolides in 85 individual plant-butterfly pairs collected at six widely separate localities in california indicate a relatively invariant ... | 1982 | 24415043 |
| impulse patterns in the flight motor neurones of bombus californicus and oncopeltus fasciatus. | | 1970 | 5435777 |
| in vitro selection of phytomonas serpens cells resistant to the calpain inhibitor mdl28170: alterations in fitness and expression of the major peptidases and efflux pumps. | the species phytomonas serpens is known to express some molecules displaying similarity to those described in trypanosomatids pathogenic to humans, such as peptidases from trypanosoma cruzi (cruzipain) and leishmania spp. (gp63). in this work, a population of p. serpens resistant to the calpain inhibitor mdl28170 at 70 µ m (mdlr population) was selected by culturing promastigotes in increasing concentrations of the drug. the only relevant ultrastructural difference between wild-type (wt) and mdl ... | 2017 | 29039273 |
| substitutions in the cardenolide binding site and interaction of subunits affect kinetics besides cardenolide sensitivity of insect na,k-atpase. | substitutions within the cardenolide target site of several insects' na,k-atpase α-subunits may confer resistance against toxic cardenolides. however, to which extent these substitutions alter the na,k-atpase's kinetic properties and how they interact with different β-subunits is not clear. the cardenolide-adapted milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus possesses three paralogs of the α-subunit (a, b, and c) that differ in number and identity of resistance-conferring substitutions. we introduced these ... | 2017 | 28866054 |
| the function and evolution of nuclear receptors in insect embryonic development. | nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that are often responsive to small ligands, allowing for efficient gene expression-level responses to a stimulus. the average insect has 21 genes encoding nuclear receptors, whose functions are especially well studied in developmental transitions during the insect life cycle, such as metamorphosis and molting. however, their utility as well-controlled transcriptional regulators also lends them to important roles in embryogenesis, neurogenes ... | 2017 | 28527580 |
| oncopeltus fasciatus as an evo-devo research organism. | the large milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus was one of the main study insects for a range of biological questions throughout much of the 20th century. its importance waned with the introduction of drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model organism. the evo-devo revolution of the turn of the century re-introduced oncopeltus into the scientific community, and it has proved increasingly useful, mostly within a comparative context for evolution driven research. the last few years have seen a number ... | 2017 | 28432831 |
| laboratory evaluation of the effects of manilkara subsericea (mart.) dubard extracts and triterpenes on the development of dysdercus peruvianus and oncopeltus fasciatus. | studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of manilkara subsericea extracts and triterpenes on the development of two species of agricultural pest insects, oncopelus fasciatus and dysdercus peruvianus. | 2013 | 22933396 |
| evolutionary origin of the amnioserosa in cyclorrhaphan flies correlates with spatial and temporal expression changes of zen. | higher cyclorrhaphan flies including drosophila develop a single extraembryonic epithelium (amnioserosa), which closes the germband dorsally. in most other insects two extraembryonic epithelia, serosa and amnion, line the inner eggshell and the ventral germband, respectively. how the two extraembryonic epithelia evolved into one is unclear. recent studies have shown that, in the flour beetle tribolium and in the milkweed bug oncopeltus, the homeobox gene zerknüllt (zen) controls the fusion of th ... | 2008 | 18172205 |
| host-associated fitness trade-offs do not limit the evolution of diet breadth in the small milkweed bug lygaeus kalmii (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | theoretical models of evolution in a temporally variable environment predict that genotypes with low variance in fitness across generations will be favored. when host use varies temporally and fitness trade-offs exist among hosts, such that an increase in performance on one host results in a correlated decrease on the other, selection for low variance in fitness across generations will favor genotypes which are generalists. before predictions such as this can be extended to natural herbivore pop ... | 1994 | 28313634 |
| migration strategies of insects. | physiological and ecological results from a variety of species are consistent with what seem to be valid general statements concerning insect migration. these are as follows: (i)during migration locomotory functions are enhanced and vegetative functions such as feeding and reproduction are suppressed. (ii) migration usually occurs prereproductively in the life of the adult insect (the oogenesis-flight syndrome). (iii)since migrant individuals are usually prereproductive, their reproductive value ... | 1972 | 17813822 |
| evolution of epithelial morphogenesis: phenotypic integration across multiple levels of biological organization. | morphogenesis involves the dynamic reorganization of cell and tissue shapes to create the three-dimensional body. intriguingly, different species have evolved different morphogenetic processes to achieve the same general outcomes during embryonic development. how are meaningful comparisons between species made, and where do the differences lie? in this perspective, we argue that examining the evolution of embryonic morphogenesis requires the simultaneous consideration of different levels of biol ... | 2015 | 26483835 |
| studies on the mode of action of the chemosterilants 2-imidazolidinone and 4-imidazolin-2-one in the house fly and in the large milkweed bug. | | 1967 | 6082161 |
| high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins within testes of hemipteran insects. | results presented here indicate that the high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins isolated from the ovaries of the hemipterans, oncopeltus fasciatus and notonecta glauca, while absent from nervous tissue, are present in the testes of the respective species. here they are seen to be located to extensive microtubule aggregates within the cells surrounding the sperm, but not obviously to the sperm themselves. | 1992 | 1628319 |
| the function and evolutionary significance of a triplicated na,k-atpase gene in a toxin-specialized insect. | the na,k-atpase is a vital animal cell-membrane protein that maintains the cell's resting potential, among other functions. cardenolides, a group of potent plant toxins, bind to and inhibit this pump. the gene encoding the α-subunit of the pump has undergone duplication events in some insect species known to feed on plants containing cardenolides. here we test the function of these duplicated gene copies in the cardenolide-adapted milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, which has three known copies ... | 2017 | 29246105 |
| expression and function of spineless orthologs correlate with distal deutocerebral appendage morphology across arthropoda. | the deutocerebral (second) head segment is putatively homologous across arthropoda, in spite of remarkable disparity of form and function of deutocerebral appendages. in mandibulata this segment bears a pair of sensory antennae, whereas in chelicerata the same segment bears a pair of feeding appendages called chelicerae. part of the evidence for the homology of deutocerebral appendages is the conserved function of homothorax (hth), which has been shown to specify antennal or cheliceral fate in t ... | 2017 | 28764892 |
| factors involved in early polarization of the anterior-posterior axis in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. | the axes of insect embryos are defined early in the blastoderm stage. genes involved in this polarization are well known in drosophila, but less so in other insects, such as the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. using quantitative pcr, we looked at differential expression of several candidate genes for early anterior-posterior patterning and found that none of them are expressed asymmetrically in the early blastoderm. we then used an rna-seq approach to identify novel candidate genes that might ... | 2017 | 28432817 |
| dynamics of growth zone patterning in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. | we describe the dynamic process of abdominal segment generation in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus we present detailed morphological measurements of the growing germband throughout segmentation. our data are complemented by cell division profiles and expression patterns of key genes, including invected and even-skipped as markers for different stages of segment formation. we describe morphological and mechanistic changes in the growth zone and in nascent segments during the generation of i ... | 2017 | 28432218 |
| a new species of <i>oncopeltus</i> stål, 1868 (heteroptera: lygaeidae) in the nominate subgenus from ecuador. | oncopeltus stål is a lygaeine genus currently comprising 39 species classified in two subgenera (slater & o'donnell, 1995). oncopeltus is distributed in both hemispheres in tropical and temperate areas. species on this genus are commonly known as milkweed bugs, because of their trophic association with plants in the family apocynaceae (scudder & duffey, 1971). from these plants, the bugs sequester cardenolides making them unpalatable for predators (duffey & scudder, 1972). these habits are also ... | 2017 | 28264255 |
| assessment of the effects of orally administered ferrous sulfate on oncopeltus fasciatus (heteroptera: lygaeidae). | iron is an essential nutrient needed for multiple biological processes, but it is also an effective pro-oxidant in its reduced form. environmental sources of iron toxic species include reduced soils from rice plantations, polluted natural areas from metal industry waste, or iron oxides used in soil bioremediation. few studies have been conducted to assess the toxicity of iron species in insects. the present work aims to assess the oxidative stress effects of ferrous sulfate administered in drink ... | 2017 | 28194672 |
| the phenotypic plasticity of developmental modules. | organisms develop and evolve in a modular fashion, but how individual modules interact with the environment remains poorly understood. phenotypically plastic traits are often under selection, and studies are needed to address how traits respond to the environment in a modular fashion. in this study, tissue-specific plasticity of melanic spots was examined in the large milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | 2016 | 27489611 |
| insilco prediction and characterization of micrornas from oncopeltus fasciatus (hemiptera: lygaeidae) genome. | for studies on functional genomics, small rnas, especially micrornas (mirnas), have emerged as a hot topic due to their importance in cellular and developmental processes. identification of insect mirnas largely depends on the availability of genomic sequences in the public domain. the large milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus (dallas) is a hemimetabolous insect which has become a model hemipteran system for various molecular studies. in this study, we identified 96 candidate mature mirnas from o ... | 2016 | 27075458 |
| a pathway analysis of melanin patterning in a hemimetabolous insect. | diversity in insect pigmentation, encompassing a wide range of colors and spatial patterns, is among the most noticeable features distinguishing species, individuals, and body regions within individuals. in holometabolous species, a significant portion of such diversity can be attributed to the melanin synthesis genes, but this has not been formally assessed in more basal insect lineages. here we provide a comprehensive analysis of how a set of melanin genes (ebony, black, aanat, yellow, and tan ... | 2016 | 26984060 |
| origin and diversification of wings: insights from a neopteran insect. | winged insects underwent an unparalleled evolutionary radiation, but mechanisms underlying the origin and diversification of wings in basal insects are sparsely known compared with more derived holometabolous insects. in the neopteran species oncopeltus fasciatus, we manipulated wing specification genes and used rna-seq to obtain both functional and genomic perspectives. combined with previous studies, our results suggest the following key steps in wing origin and diversification. first, a set o ... | 2015 | 26668365 |
| codon and amino acid usage are shaped by selection across divergent model organisms of the pancrustacea. | in protein-coding genes, synonymous codon usage and amino acid composition correlate to expression in some eukaryotes, and may result from translational selection. here, we studied large-scale rna-seq data from three divergent arthropod models, including cricket (gryllus bimaculatus), milkweed bug (oncopeltus fasciatus), and the amphipod crustacean parhyale hawaiensis, and tested for optimization of codon and amino acid usage relative to expression level. we report strong signals of at3 optimal ... | 2015 | 26384771 |
| maternal effects and maternal selection arising from variation in allocation of free amino acid to eggs. | maternal provisioning can have profound effects on offspring phenotypes, or maternal effects, especially early in life. one ubiquitous form of provisioning is in the makeup of egg. however, only a few studies examine the role of specific egg constituents in maternal effects, especially as they relate to maternal selection (a standardized selection gradient reflecting the covariance between maternal traits and offspring fitness). here, we report on the evolutionary consequences of differences in ... | 2015 | 26120429 |