| diuresis in the tsetse fly glossina austeni. | after taking a blood meal, the tsetse fly glossina austeni excretes the excess water and salts of the meal in approximately 30 min. during this period a volume of fluid equivalent to 80% of the unfed weight of the fly passes through the haemolymph, whose composition nevertheless remains almost constant. the fluid excreted has a higher sodium and lower potassium concentration than the haemolymph, indicating that sodium may be the prime mover in urine formation in glossina. | 1975 | 1202130 |
| the control of diuresis in the tsetse fly glossina austeni: a preliminary investigation of the diuretic hormone. | the rate of secretion of the malpighian tubules of glossina austeni is controlled by a diuretic hormone. this hormone is present in the nervous tissue of the fly together with a degradative enzyme that can be activated by boiling. it is demonstrated that the malpighian tubules are able to destroy the diuretic hormone; they may therefore participate in the control of diuresis. the diuretic hormone appears to be a heat-stable, non-dialysable, alcohol-soluble molecule, containing amino acid, glucos ... | 1975 | 1202131 |
| recombinant dna probes reveal simultaneous infection of tsetse flies with different trypanosome species. | the utility of recombinant dna probes in the detection of natural trypanosome infection of tsetse flies has been assessed in lambwe valley, near the shores of lake victoria, kenya. the tsetse flies were surveyed during two different seasons in 1988. three different probes used each contained highly repetitive dna sequences specific for a species or subspecies of trypanosomes of the nanomonas subgenus. a fourth probe contained repetitive sequences common to trypanosome species of the trypanozoon ... | 1990 | 2362604 |
| epidemiology of animal trypanosomiasis on a cattle ranch in kilifi, kenya. | a study of the epidemiology of animal trypanosomiasis was carried out on a 2500 ha cattle ranch, with a history of trypanosomiasis, in the coast province of kenya in 1982. the tsetse survey on the ranch revealed one breeding focus of glossina austeni in a thicket of approximately 50 ha. trypanosomes were detected in 20% of the 46 dissected tsetse. during the study period of 9 months, 0.8% of the 3315 samples collected from 2300 ayrshire x sahiwal crossbred cattle were found infected with trypano ... | 1987 | 2884841 |
| characterization of trypanosoma congolense serodemes in stocks isolated from cattle introduced onto a ranch in kilifi, kenya. | a herd of 20 cattle was introduced on a ranch in kilifi, coast province of kenya, where they were in contact with glossina austeni for 6 months. in total, 65 trypanosome isolates were made from these animals. examination of the isolates revealed that 61 were trypanosoma congolense and 4 were t. theileri. out of the 61 t. congolense isolates, 55 were successfully passaged and cloned in mice to provide trypanosome populations for further analyses. the stocks and their clones were inoculated into g ... | 1987 | 3295687 |
| comparative analysis of the polytene chromosomes of glossina austeni and glossina morsitans morsitans. | | 1974 | 4140779 |
| sub-lethal effect of sulphaquinoxaline on the tsetse fly, glossina austeni newst. | | 1973 | 4584191 |
| ultrastructural changes during growth of the flight muscles in the adult tsetse fly, glossina austeni. | | 1973 | 4752421 |
| chromosome ultrastructure at meiosis in glossina austeni and glossina morsitans morsitans. | | 1973 | 4784115 |
| water movement during diuresis in the tsetse fly (glossina austeni). | | 1974 | 4833677 |
| susceptibility of glossina austeni and g. morsitans to infection with trypanosoma congolense. | | 1972 | 5048802 |
| volume relationships during the pregnancy cycle of the tsetse fly glossina austeni. | | 1972 | 5055121 |
| cibarial stretch receptors in the tsetse fly (glossina austeni) and the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala). | | 1970 | 5417534 |
| calculations of the productivity of glossina austeni newst. maintained on goats and on lop-eared rabbits. | | 1970 | 5450443 |
| supercontracting and non-supercontracting visceral muscles in the tsetse fly, glossina austeni. | | 1970 | 5469740 |
| the susceptibility of glossina austeni to infection with trypanosoma brucei. | | 1968 | 5707918 |
| the rearing of glossina austeni newst. with lop-eared rabbits as hosts. ii. rearing in an incubator. | | 1968 | 5714959 |
| the large-scale rearing of glossina austeni newst, in the laboratory. iv. the final technique. | | 1968 | 5714960 |
| adenine nucleotides as feeding stimulants of the tsetse fly glossina austeni newst. | | 1969 | 5786502 |
| a promising method for rearing glossina austeni. | | 1966 | 5922607 |
| the large-scale rearing of glossina austeni. | | 1966 | 6006445 |
| the rearing of glossina austeni newst. with lop-eared rabbits as hosts. i. efficacy of the method. | | 1967 | 6063493 |
| anti-trypanosomal factor in the haemolymph of glossina. | the motility of cultured procyclic forms of trypanosoma brucei brucei antat serodeme derived from eatro 1125 was greatly reduced when incubated in vitro with the haemolymph of glossina morsitans morsitans at dilutions as low as 1:512 after incubation periods of 1-2 h at 27 degrees c. this effect was demonstrated in the haemolymph of male and female, teneral and non-teneral g.m. morsitans but was abolished by heat inactivation. a significant reduction in the motility of cultured forms of trypanos ... | 1982 | 6187195 |
| haemagglutinins and parasite agglutinins in haemolymph and gut of glossina. | agglutinating activity was found in the haemolymph and in extracts of midgut and hindgut of glossina austeni against calf, guinea pig and chicken erythrocytes for the first time. trypanosoma brucei procyclic forms were also agglutinated by midgut and hindgut extracts, but not by haemolymph. the 3 fractions tested failed to react with erythrocytes of four other vertebrates and other trypanosomatids (leishmania hertigi and crithidia fasciculata) examined. the reciprocal titre of agglutinating acti ... | 1984 | 6495384 |
| comparative study of hemocytes and associated cells of some medically important dipterans. | the aim of this work is to study, characterize, and compare different morphological types of hemocytes of glossina austeni, g. morsitans, calliphora erythrocephala, stomoxys calcitrans, lucilia sericata, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. this information is intended to provide a basis for future studies of the cellular defense mechanisms of these dipterans. seven morphological types of hemocytes were identified by phase-contrast optics: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, thrombocytoids, granu ... | 1982 | 6764649 |
| odour attractants for tsetse: glossina austeni, g.brevipalpis and g.swynnertoni. | | 1997 | 9330263 |
| host preferences of tsetse (diptera: glossinidae) based on bloodmeal identifications. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to identify the origin of vertebrate blood in the guts of 29 245 wild-caught flies of eleven glossina species from various ecological zones of africa. depending on the quality of the bloodmeal samples, 62.8% of the samples were identified and could be assigned to a host-group (e.g. ruminant), family (e.g. bovidae) or species (e.g. bos spp.). a total of 13 145 samples (44.9%) was identifiable up to the species level. with a few exceptions ... | 1998 | 9622371 |
| field responses of glossina austeni to sticky panels on unguja island, zanzibar. | two designs of cross-shaped sticky panels (xt and xlp) were compared with the royal blue-white legpanel (lpbuwh) in the jozani forest on unguja island as trapping devices for male glossina austeni. single coloured royal blue (xtbu) and bi-coloured royal blue-white xt (xtbuwh) caught more than twice as many male g. austeni as the lpbuwh, whereas single coloured black xt trapped significantly fewer flies (10%) than the control lpbuwh. xt's in various horizontal and diagonal blue-white configuratio ... | 1998 | 9824825 |
| concordant evolution of a symbiont with its host insect species: molecular phylogeny of genus glossina and its bacteriome-associated endosymbiont, wigglesworthia glossinidia. | many arthropods with restricted diets rely on symbiotic associations for full nutrition and fecundity. tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) harbor three symbiotic organisms in addition to the parasitic african trypanosomes they transmit. two of these microorganisms reside in different gut cells, while the third organism is harbored in reproductive tissues and belongs to the genus wolbachia. the primary symbiont (genus wigglesworthia glossinidia) lives in differentiated epithelial cells (bacterioc ... | 1999 | 9873076 |
| evaluation of conventional odour attractants for glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa. | the components of the synthetic ox-odour used in zimbabwe against glossina pallidipes and g. m. morsitans were evaluated for the attraction of g. brevipalpis and g. austeni in south africa. the zim babwe mixture (zim-mix), which consisted or acetone and a 1:4:8 mixture of 3-n-propyl phenol, 4-methyl phenol and 1-octen-3-ol, increased the catches of g. brevipalpis by c. 2.1-4.4 times compared to when no odours were used. one of the odour components, namely 3-n-propyl phenol, did not significantly ... | 1999 | 10689703 |
| evaluation of a proposed odour-baited target to control the tsetse flies glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa. | the most effective odour attractant for g. brevipalpis newstead, namely a combination of octenol released at c. 9.1 mg/h, 4-methyl phenol released at c. 15.5 mg/h and acetone released at c. 350 mg/h, when used together with the smallest recommended colour target (as determined in previous studies), namely a 1.75 m wide x 1 m high black/pthalogen-blue/black target, was evaluated for the control of g. brevipalpis and g. austeni newstead. this combination increased the catches of g. brevipalpis by ... | 1999 | 10689705 |
| tissue distribution and prevalence of wolbachia infections in tsetse flies, glossina spp. | tsetse flies glossina spp. (diptera: glossinidae) harbor three different symbiotic microorganisms, one being an intracellular rickettsia of the genus wolbachia. this bacterium infects a wide range of arthropods, where it causes a variety of reproductive abnormalities, one of which is termed cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) that, when expressed, results in embryonic death due to disruptions in fertilization events. we report here that in colonized flies, wolbachia infections can be detected in 10 ... | 2000 | 10759311 |
| a newly developed odour-baited "h trap" for the live collection of glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa. | a new trap, named the "h trap", was developed at hellsgate tsetse research station in south africa for the simultaneous collection of live glossina brevipalpis newstead and glossina austeni newstead. its design followed an evaluation of the responses of the two species towards traps that are used elsewhere in africa for the collection of other tsetse fly species. these traps were found at hellsgate to be unsuitable for capturing both g. brevipalpis and g. austeni. some new trap designs and many ... | 2000 | 10843318 |
| responses of glossina austeni to sticky panels and odours. | the responses of male tsetse glossina austeni newstead (diptera: glossinidae) towards blue and white sticky legged panels, baited with odour attractants, and towards modified panels were studied in the jozani forest of unguja island, zanzibar. increasing the height of the body of a standard panel from 30 to 60 or 90 cm, increased the catch two-fold. increasing the height of the legs (from 15 to 60 or 120 cm) or raising the device more than 5 cm above the ground reduced the catch significantly. t ... | 2000 | 11016436 |
| the distribution of tsetse (diptera: glossinidae) and bovine trypanosomosis in the matutuine district, maputo province, mozambique. | a tsetse and bovine trypanosomosis survey was conducted during 1998 and 1999 in the matutuine district of maputo province (mozambique). a total of 59 glossina brevipalpis and 17 glossina austeni were captured throughout the district. survey results suggest that glossina brevipalpis is mainly concentrated in dense vegetation along the maputo river and in the wetlands east of the river. g. austeni, on the other hand, was captured mainly in dense thickets in drier areas. both tsetse species are sus ... | 2000 | 11131117 |
| diurnal activity patterns of glossina brevipalpis and g austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa, with reference to season and meteorological factors. | studies on the diurnal and seasonal availability of glossina brevipalpis newstead and g. austeni newstead to stationary targets were conducted in north-eastern kwazulu-natal, south africa. g. brevipalpis showed a bimodal, and occasionally trimodal, partly crepuscular cycle. periods of the availability of flies to stationary, odour-baited targets (here referred to as diurnal "activity" patterns) were mainly early in the morning and late afternoon until dark, especially at dawn and dusk. the main ... | 2000 | 11131119 |
| characterization of genes expressed in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans morsitans. | salivary gland products of haematophogous insects including tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidia) are involved in antihaemostasis to allow for efficient blood feeding. in addition, salivary products of tsetse are thought to indirectly support the metacyclogenesis and eventual transmission of the african trypanosome protozoan parasites to their mammalian hosts. we have previously characterized the major anticoagulant, tsetse thrombin inhibitor (tti), from salivary extracts, and described molecular ... | 2001 | 11240638 |
| long-term sampling of gamma sterilised male glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) with sticky panels on unguja island (zanzibar). | daily catches of gamma sterilised male glossina austeni newstead with experimental sticky panels were analysed from march 1996 to july 1997. the flies were released weekly by light aircraft over primary and secondary forest ecosystems of unguja island, zanzibar. in the primary forest, the cross-shaped royal blue xt panel (two interlocking panels of each 70 x 60 cm) trapped significantly more flies than the royal blue-white leg panel (panel with a body of 65 x 30 cm and two legs of each 15 x 15 c ... | 2001 | 11495641 |
| principles of area-wide integrated tsetse fly control using the sterile insect technique. | the tsetse fly and the disease trypanosomosis it transmits, is one of the most severe medical and veterinary problems in africa, infecting around 50,000 people every year and preventing the development of sustainable and productive agricultural systems. the most efficient way to contain the disease is by the management of entire populations of the vector (area-wide approach) using a combination of several control methods in an integrated pest management campaign. a very powerful method for integ ... | 2001 | 11803833 |
| observations on laboratory colonies of the tsetse flies glossina morsitans west. and glossina austeni newstead. | | 1957 | 13504856 |
| glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) eradicated on the island of unguja, zanzibar, using the sterile insect technique. | an area-wide integrated tsetse eradication project was initiated in zanzibar in 1994 by the international atomic energy agency and the governments of tanzania and zanzibar, to eradicate glossina austeni newstead from unguja island (zanzibar) using the sterile insect technique. suppression of the tsetse population on unguja was initiated in 1988 by applying residual pyrethroids as a pour-on formulation to livestock and by the deployment of insecticide impregnated screens in some of the forested a ... | 2000 | 14658522 |
| abundance and distribution of the tsetse flies, glossina austeni and g. brevipalpis, in different habitats in south africa. | the distribution and abundance of glossina austeni newstead and glossina brevipalpis newstead (diptera: glossinidae) were studied in the three main vegetation types in zululand, kwazulu-natal, south africa. during a period of 12 months, a trap transect consisting of 38 h-traps traversing the three vegetation types was monitored. the index of apparent abundance (iaa) for g. brevipalpis was high in indigenous forest and open grassland but lower in exotic plantations. glossina austeni, on the other ... | 2005 | 16336301 |
| sex pheromone of the tsetse species, glossina austeni: isolation and identification of natural hydrocarbons, and bioassay of synthesized compounds. | copulatory responses of male glossina austeni (newstead) (diptera: glossinidae), that were elicited after contact with frozen female tsetse, were not observed after solvent washing of cuticular lipids. chromatographic analysis of extracts from laboratory-reared and field-collected g. austeni females yielded natural hydrocarbons that were highly stimulatory to males. most of this activity was produced by compounds in the alkene fraction. gas chromatograms (gc) contained five natural alkenes; thes ... | 2005 | 16336312 |
| glossina proteolytic lectin does not require a carbohydrate moiety for enzymatic or trypanosome-transforming activities. | the developmental cycle of the cyclically transmitted african trypanosome involves an obligatory passage through the tsetse fly, glossina spp. this intricate relationship requires the presence of molecules within the insect vector, including a midgut lectin, that interact with the trypanosome. recently, a gene encoding for a proteolytic lectin, with trypanosome-transforming activity, was isolated from a midgut cdna library of glossina fuscipes fuscipes austen in our laboratory. using the same ap ... | 2006 | 16619615 |
| selective use of odour-baited, insecticide-treated targets to control tsetse flies glossina austeni and g. brevipalpis in south africa. | the effectiveness of odour-baited targets treated with 0.8% deltamethrin in controlling glossina austeni newstead and g. brevipalpis newstead (diptera: glossinidae) was evaluated in zululand, south africa. targets were initially deployed in the three habitat types (grassland, woodland and forest) of two adjacent areas at a density of four targets per km(2). one area functioned as the treatment block (c. 35 km(2)) and included the focus of the target deployment, and the second area functioned as ... | 2006 | 17199759 |
| protective netting, an additional method for the integrated control of livestock trypanosomosis in kwazulu-natal province, south africa. | studies were conducted in kwazulu-natal, south africa, to evaluate the effectiveness of netting in preventing glossina austeni and glossina brevipalpis from entering h-traps. results indicated that a net of 1.5 m in height was effective in reducing catches of g. austeni by 59.6% and catches of g. brevipalpis by 80.9%. increasing the net height to 2.5 m, reduced catches by 96.6% and 100% for g. brevipalpis and g. austeni, respectively. nets of this height also reduced catches of horse flies by 55 ... | 2006 | 17283734 |
| livestock farmers' perception and epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in kwale district, kenya. | we did cross-sectional surveys in kwale district, kenya to determine the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis and livestock owners' perceptions of the disease. the surveys involved relative importance of trypanosomosis, examination of the current disease constraints, current control practices and drug-use patterns. informal meetings were held with farmers and cattle census undertaken. tsetse-fly densities and trypanosomosis prevalences in cattle were determined. a total of 132 farmers were inte ... | 2007 | 17324481 |
| evaluation and improvement of sticky traps as monitoring tools for glossina austeni and g. brevipalpis (diptera: glossinidae) in north-eastern kwazulu-natal, south africa. | the attractiveness of various colours, colour combinations and sizes of sticky traps of the 3-dimensional trap (3dt), cross-shaped target (xt), rectangular screen (rt) and monopanels were evaluated for their efficacy to capture glossina austeni newstead and g. brevipalpis newstead in north-eastern kwazulu-natal, south africa. the 3-dimensional shapes of the xt and 3dt in light blue (l.blue) and white were significantly (ca. 3.1-6.9 times) better than the rt for g. austeni. on bicoloured xts, g. ... | 2007 | 17997867 |
| developmental forms of trypanosoma brucei in the saliva of glossina pallidipes and glossina austeni. | | 1947 | 20249284 |
| theoretical levels of control as a function of mean temperature and spray efficacy in the aerial spraying of tsetse fly. | the hypothetical impact of aerial spraying on tsetse fly populations is investigated. spray cycles are scheduled at intervals two days short of the first interlarval period and halted once the last of the female flies that originated from pre-spray-deposited pupae have been sprayed twice. the effect of temperature on the aerial spraying of tsetse, through its reproductive cycle and general population dynamics, is of particular interest, given that cooler weather is preferred for the settling of ... | 2010 | 21087595 |
| a general model for mortality in adult tsetse (glossina spp.). | tsetse exhibit a u-shaped age-mortality curve, with high losses after eclosion and a well-marked ageing process, which is particularly dramatic in males. a three-parameter (k(1) -k(3) ) model for age-dependent adult instantaneous mortality rates was constructed using mark-recapture data for the tsetse fly glossina morsitans morsitans westwood (diptera: glossinidae). mortality changed linearly with k(1) over all ages; k(2) affected only losses in roughly the first week of adult life, and k(3) con ... | 2011 | 21414021 |
| prevalence of mixed trypanosoma congolense infections in livestock and tsetse in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | trypanosoma congolense causes the most economically important animal trypanosomosis in africa. in south africa, a rinderpest pandemic of the 1890s removed many host animals, resulting in the near-eradication of most tsetse species. further suppression was achieved through spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt); however, residual populations of glossina austeni and g. brevipalpis remained in isolated pockets. a total of 506 of these tsetse flies were captured in the hluhluwe-imfolozi ... | 2010 | 21526736 |
| vector competence of glossina austeni and glossina brevipalpis for trypanosoma congolense in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis (nagana) has been the cause of stock losses in the recent past and still presents a major problem to livestock owners in certain areas of kwazulu- natal, south africa. over 10 000 cattle mortalities were reported in the 1990 nagana outbreak. although information on the distribution and abundance of the tsetse flies glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni in kwazulu-natal exists, data on their vector competence are lacking. this study aimed to determine the rat ... | 2012 | 23327306 |
| genome-wide comparative analysis of chemosensory gene families in five tsetse fly species. | for decades, odour-baited traps have been used for control of tsetse flies (diptera; glossinidae), vectors of african trypanosomes. however, differential responses to known attractants have been reported in different glossina species, hindering establishment of a universal vector control tool. availability of full genome sequences of five glossina species offers an opportunity to compare their chemosensory repertoire and enhance our understanding of their biology in relation to chemosensation. h ... | 2016 | 26886411 |
| wolbachia, sodalis and trypanosome co-infections in natural populations of glossina austeni and glossina pallidipes. | tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: wigglesworthia glossinidia, wolbachia pipientis and sodalis glossinidius. wigglesworthia and sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of g. austeni and g. pallidipes ... | 2013 | 23924682 |
| improving the diet for the rearing of glossina brevipalpis newstead and glossina austeni newstead: blood source and collection - processing - feeding procedures. | one of the challenges to maintain tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae) colonies is the sustainable supply of high quality blood meals. the effect of using anticoagulants during collection of the blood, the addition of phagostimulants to the blood meals as well as using mixtures of bovine and porcine blood in different proportions for feeding on colony productivity was assessed. defibrinated bovine blood was found to be suitable to maintain both the glossina brevipalpis newstead and glossina austeni ... | 2016 | 28006007 |
| an update of the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae) distribution and african animal trypanosomosis prevalence in north-eastern kwazulu-natal, south africa. | an unpredicted outbreak of african animal trypanosomosis or nagana in 1990 in north-eastern kwazulu-natal necessitated an emergency control programme, utilising the extensive cattledipping system in the area, as well as a reassessment of the tsetse and trypanosomosis problem in the province. since 1990, sporadic blood sampling of cattle at the dip tanks in the naganainfested areas were undertaken to identify trypanosome species involved and to determine the infection prevalence in cattle. the di ... | 2016 | 27380653 |
| bovine trypanosomosis prevalence at the edge of hluhluwe-imfolozi park, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | the northern kwazulu-natal (nkzn) region of south africa is the southern limit of the african tsetse belt. entomological information on glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni was generated following the outbreak of trypanosomosis in cattle in 1990. however, these data have not been supported by parallel studies on epidemiology of the disease and therefore there has been no control policy in place. this study presented the first intensive investigations to address the epidemiology of trypanoso ... | 2014 | 25686197 |
| evaluation of larviposition site selection of glossina brevipalpis. | tsetse species (diptera: glossinidae) are vectors of trypanosome parasites which cause disease in both humans and livestock. in south africa glossina austeni newstead, 1912 and g. brevipalpis newstead, 1911 are responsible for the cyclical transmission of animal trypanosomes causing african animal trypanosomiasis also referred to as nagana. gravid tsetse females deposit a single larva in specific sites but little information is available on biotic and abiotic factors that govern site selection. ... | 2016 | 26790743 |
| determination of the optimal mating age of colonised glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni using walk-in field cages in south africa. | for the control of glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni that occur in south africa an area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) program with a sterile insect technique (sit) component has been proposed. the quality of the released sterile male tsetse flies will greatly determine the success of the sit component of the programme. sterile males need to be able to compete with wild males immediately after their release in the affected area. the mating competitiveness can be affected by man ... | 2015 | 26380975 |
| tsetse salivary gland hypertrophy virus: hope or hindrance for tsetse control? | many species of tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (sgh), and flies with sgh symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. the prevalence of sgh in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%-5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. the successful eradication of a glossina austeni population from unguja island (zanzibar) using an area-wide integrated pest management approach with a sterile ... | 2011 | 21912708 |
| storage time effect on blood diet for tsetse mass production in sterile insect technique. | different methods have been developed for tsetse and trypanosomiasis control or eradication but all these have their specific advantages and limitations. however, a combination of methods could be used as part of an area-wide integrated pest management (awpm). the sterile insect technique (sit) as a technique of choice for eradication of tsetse flies requires mass production of flies in the laboratories. since tsetse's are exclusively haemotophogous insects, a quality blood diet is needed for ma ... | 2011 | 21715731 |
| the finite element implementation of a k.p.p. equation for the simulation of tsetse control measures in the vicinity of a game reserve. | an equation, strongly reminiscent of fisher's equation, is used to model the response of tsetse populations to proposed control measures in the vicinity of a game reserve. the model assumes movement is by diffusion and that growth is logistic. this logistic growth is dependent on an historical population, in contrast to fisher's equation which bases it on the present population. the model therefore takes into account the fact that new additions to the adult fly population are, in actual fact, th ... | 2010 | 20638942 |
| polytene chromosome maps in four species of tsetse flies glossina austeni, g. pallidipes, g. morsitans morsitans and g. m. submorsitans (diptera: glossinidae): a comparative analysis. | photographic polytene chromosome maps from pupal trichogen cells of four tsetse species, glossina austeni, g. pallidipes, g. morsitans morsitans and g. m. submorsitans were constructed and compared. the homology of chromosomal elements between the species was achieved by comparing banding patterns. the telomeric and subtelomeric chromosome regions were found to be identical in all species. the pericentromeric regions were found to be similar in the x chromosome and the left arm of l1 chromosome ... | 2007 | 16897449 |
| mating competitiveness of irradiated glossina austeni tsetse flies. | | 2004 | 15257805 |
| evaluation of coloured targets for the attraction of glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa. | studies on the attractiveness of various coloured targets for glossina brevipalpis and g. austeni in south africa showed black and pthalogen blue (p.blue) combinations to be the most effective for both species. a 2 m wide (all targets 1 m high) black/p.blue/black (colour ratio 1:2:1) conformation caught nearly three times more g. brevipalpis and nearly five times more g. austeni than a 1.5 m wide black standard control target. for g. brevipalpis the black/p.blue/black (1:2:1) target should be at ... | 1999 | 10689702 |
| mating age of glossina austeni newstead. | before removal from the emergence cage, 12.8% of 141 newly emerged females of glossina austeni newstead less than 24 h old were found on dissection to have been inseminated. likewise, dissection of a sample of sterilised females destined for release showed that 5.43% of 2487 females had already been inseminated while still in the emergence cages. it was decided therefore to put female and male flies together in production cages from the day of emergence at a ratio of 1 male to 5 females and leav ... | 1999 | 10232788 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization of ribosomal dna to mitotic chromosomes of tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae: glossina). | ribosomal genes were mapped in glossina austeni, g. brevipalpis, g. f. fuscipes, g. m. submorsitans, g. p. palpalis, g. pallidipes and g. tachinoides on mitotic chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) using drosophila hydei genomic clones that contain the 28s ribosomal dna. in all species except g. brevipalpis, the ribosomal genes were located on the long arm of autosome l1. the y chromosomes of g. pallidipes and g. p. palpalis showed additional hybridization signals. supernumer ... | 1997 | 9244454 |
| changes in free amino acids and peptides in the haemolymph of glossina austeni during the reproductive cycle. | the animo acids in the deproteinized haemolymph of glossina austeni females, before and after hydrolysis, have been determined at 12 different times during the 1st 2 pregnancy cycles. hydrolysis resulted in a large increase in the concentrations of tyrosine, phenylalanine, aspartate and lysine, indicating that these amino acids are present mainly as peptides in the haemolymph. the rate of transfer of the aromatic amino acids to the offspring, based upon the amino acid content of the larval gut, ... | 1978 | 720471 |
| some effects of mating in female tsetse, glossina austeni newst. | virgin females of g. austeni were mated at carefully chosen physiological states to determine the effect of mating on ovulation, neurosecretion and blood meal size. the results suggest that ovulation and larviposition are controlled by neurosecretion, and that the release of neurosecretion requires both a mating stimulus and the presence of a mature egg in one of the ovarioles. the mating stimulus was also found to lead to an increase in blood meal size. unmated female flies do not ovulate and t ... | 1977 | 559060 |
| some effects of allatectomy in the female tsetse, glossina austeni. | | 1976 | 1010959 |
| synthesis and turnover of haemolymph proteins during the reproductive cycle of glossina austeni. | | 1975 | 1131753 |
| structural and functional dynamics of oogenesis in glossina austeni: vitellogenesis with special reference to the follicular epithelium. | morphological changes of the oocyte, follicle cells and nurse cells of the ovaries of the viviparous fly glossina austeni during vitellogenesis and postvitellogenesis are outlined. during vitellogenesis, material is pinocytosed and incorporated into yolk spheres by subsequent fusions. various lines of evidence are presented that indicate much of this material is derived from the follicular epithelium. the ultrastructure of the follicular cells throughout the 9 day cycle and their role in protein ... | 1975 | 1179415 |
| structural and functional dynamics of oogenesis in glossina austeni: general features, previtellogenesis and nurse cells. | glossina austeni oogenesis throughout its nine-day pregnancy cycle is described with the focus on previtellogenic stages. the ultrastructural details of the oocyte-nurse cell relationship and cyst formation is presented. the oocyte develops in a syncytial association with 15 nurse cells with the entire unit surrounded by a follicular epithelium. the nurse cells have large elaborate nucleoli. evidence of nuclear emissions and the presence of an unusual cytoplasmic membrane association were found. ... | 1975 | 167470 |
| potassium-induced release of the diuretic hormones of rhodnius prolixus and glossina austeni: ca dependence, time course and localization of neurohaemal areas. | | 1974 | 4153437 |
| autoradiographic study of protein synthesis in abdominal tissues of glossina austeni. | | 1974 | 4472008 |
| some caging experiments performed with glossina austeni in lisbon. | | 2003 | 4462395 |
| vesicle ultrastructure and rna synthesis during male meiosis of glossina austeni (diptera, glossinidae). | | 1974 | 4364084 |
| the degree of spermathecal impregnation and the number of matings in glossina austeni. | | 2006 | 4808003 |
| events during mating in glossina austeni newstead. | | 1973 | 4798873 |
| ulstrastructural changes during growth of flight muscles in adult glossina austeni. | | 1973 | 4784102 |
| nutrient transfer during the reproductive cycle in glossina austeni newst.: histology and histochemistry of the milk gland, fat body, and oenocytes. | | 1973 | 4129183 |
| chromosome translocations in glossina austeni. | | 1972 | 4673473 |
| adaptations of the larval head and foregut to intra-uterine feeding in the tsetse flies glossina austeni and g. morsitans. | | 1972 | 5065570 |
| correlation of cytogenetic and fertility data on translocations in glossina austeni. | | 1972 | 5048824 |
| volume relationships during the larviposition cycle of glossina austeni. | | 1972 | 5048815 |
| toxicity of insecticides to tsetse flies. | new insecticides have been evaluated for toxicity to tsetse flies and compared with organochlorine compounds currently in use. the most toxic compounds and their estimated median lethal doses in nanograms per fly by topical application in solution to teneral glossina austeni were: resmethrin 4, fenthion 8, dieldrin 10, propoxur 12, chlorfenvinphos 12, tetrachlorvinphos 20, and dichlorvos 20. there was little variation in the susceptibility of teneral male and female flies, young fed flies, and f ... | 1972 | 4537853 |
| sperm transfer by spermatophores in glossina austeni newstead. | | 1970 | 16056910 |
| blood intake in the reproductive cycles of glossina austeni newst. in relation to pupal weight. | | 1970 | 5445949 |
| the expression of induced sterility in glossina austeni. | | 1970 | 5442064 |
| some properties of the atp receptors of glossina austeni. | | 1970 | 4392587 |
| the production of partially sterile mutants in glossina austeni. | | 1969 | 5806168 |
| an attempt to produce chromosome translocations in glossina austeni. | | 1969 | 5789078 |
| a method of maintaining glossina austeni newst. singly, and a study of the feeding habits of the female in relation to larviposition and pupal weight. | | 1967 | 6063127 |
| a high proportion of early deaths among uninseminated females of glossina austeni newst. | | 1965 | 5831209 |
| the weight and viability of puparia of glossina austeni in relation to the conditions provided for pupal development. | | 1965 | 14345289 |