| ostertagiosis in captive bison in new york state: report of nine cases. | type ii ostertagiosis was found at necropsy in 9 american bison (bison bison) from 3 farms in new york. clinical signs included severe diarrhea, emaciation, unthrifty coats, anemia, and weakness. in severely affected animals, the macroscopic abomasal changes consisted of irregular thickening and edema of the mucosa, resulting in a pebbly or morocco-leather appearance. microscopically, many gastric pits and glands were dilated, lined by hyperplastic epithelium, and contained nematode sections or ... | 1979 | 157257 |
| effect of dietary vitamin a on the innate resistance of cattle to infestation by larvae of hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae). | | 1975 | 1159724 |
| new procedures to enhance survival of third-instar hypoderma lineatum (villers) (diptera: oestridae) in artificial media. | new techniques for the maturation of late third instars of the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum (villers), in artificial media are described. larvae were held in either 24-well culture plates with media plus penicillin, streptomycin sulfate, nystatin, and chloramphenicol or in small salve jars on perlite and media plus the same antibiotics. chloramphenicol was not always necessary in the jars. survival to pupariation of young third instars increased from 5% without nystatin and chloramphen ... | 1991 | 2056509 |
| use of sterile insect releases in an ipm program for control of hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis (diptera: oestridae): a pilot test. | a joint canadian-u.s. pilot test study was conducted for 4 yr on about 3,800 km2 on the montana-alberta border to determine the effect of sterile male releases on hypoderma lineatum (villers) and h. bovis (l.) populations remaining after initial chemical treatments. chemical treatments initially reduced populations, making sterile male releases more efficient. insect material for release was obtained from yearling animals held in confinement, an expensive, labor-intensive method of production. s ... | 1990 | 2388228 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the posterior spiracles of cattle grubs hypoderma bovis and hypoderma lineatum. | posterior spiracles of newly hatched first instar larvae of hypoderma bovis (l.) and h. lineatum (devill.) consist of two pairs of spiracular openings. each pair is surrounded by a rima bearing three spines. posterior spiracles of second instar larvae are composed of a pair of medial ecdysial scars bounded laterally by spiracular plates. h. bovis spiracular plates have twenty-nine to forty openings, each surrounded by a slightly raised rima. h. lineatum spiracular plates have eighteen to twenty- ... | 1989 | 2519689 |
| technique for age-grading late third-instar hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae). | three developmental phases are described for age-grading third-instar hypoderma lineatum (villers) based on color and development of the posterior spiracles. early phase 1 (p1) larvae are white in appearance, and their kidney-shaped posterior spiracular plates have no melanization. by the end of this phase, the cuticle has become yellow, and the margins of the spiracular plates begin to melanize. the cuticle of p2 larvae continues darkening from yellow to tan to light brown and is accompanied by ... | 1989 | 2724322 |
| chemical and enzymatic characterization of the collagenase from the insect hypoderma lineatum. | the collagenase from the larvae hypoderma lineatum, with a molecular weight of 24 000 and isoelectric point of 4.1, was obtained in homogeneous form by ion-exchange chromatography. it is stoichiometrically inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate. on the other hand it is unaffected by ethylenediaminetetraacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, dithiothreitol, n-tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone, n-tosylphenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor. the enzyme which degrades native col ... | 1979 | 230030 |
| some newly characterized collagenases from procaryotes and lower eucaryotes. | chemical and enzymatic properties of four collagenases newly isolated from anaerobic clostridium histolyticum, aerobic achromobacter iophagus, and from two lower eucaryotes, the fungus entomophthora coronata and the insect hypoderma lineatum are reviewed. the problems of their biosynthesis and precursors, namely the effect of induction of collagenase and neutral proteinase in achromobacter by their macromolecular substrates are discussed. the two bacterial collagenases are zn-metallo-enzymes; th ... | 1979 | 220520 |
| eosinophilic meningitis: a new case of hypodermosis from hypoderma lineatum. | | 1975 | 7128 |
| [preliminary study of crude collagenase extracted from the 1st stage larva of hypoderma lineatum (de villers)]. | | 1970 | 4315474 |
| [possibility to use passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of hypodermyiasis, using as antigen a raw collagenase extracted from 1st stage larvae of hypoderma lineatum]. | | 1970 | 4316772 |
| hypoderma lineatum (de vill.) (diptera: oestridae): invasion of the bovine skin by newly hatched larvae. | | 1972 | 4339493 |
| effects of diet and immunosuppression of mus muculus on infestation, survival, and growth of hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae). | | 1973 | 4760625 |
| ultrastructure of the integument of first-instar hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis (diptera: oestridae). | the ultrastructure of the integument of newly hatched, 60-d-old (in vitro-cultured) and 6-7-mo-old (recovered from the host) first-instar cattle grubs, hypoderma lineatum (villers) and h. bovis (l.), was studied. changes in the cuticle during development of the first instar included increased thickness of the procuticle (0.8-1.4 to 7.5-7.9 microns) with an accompanying increase in number of lamellae (4-7 to 35-40), increased thickness of epicuticle (0.11-0.24 to 0.92 microns), and development of ... | 1991 | 2033622 |
| the response of cattle vaccinated with hypodermin a to a natural infestation of hypoderma bovis and hypoderma lineatum. | in this study, we have determined whether immunization with hypodermin a (ha), associated with various adjuvants, could provide protective immunity for calves when challenged with a natural hypoderma infestation. groups of naive calves were vaccinated with ha antigen alone or with adjuvants [freund's incomplete adjuvant (fia) or alumina phosphate (ap)]. subcutaneous injection with ha antigen with or without adjuvant did not significantly protect calves against a natural hypodermosis infestation. ... | 1991 | 1774122 |
| survival of first-instar larvae of hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae) implanted in heterologous murine hosts. | | 1970 | 5425692 |
| antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses in vaccinated and hypoderma lineatum-infested calves. | cattle infested with the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum (villers) develop specific humoral antibodies and a cellular immune reaction, defined by delayed-type hypersensitivity, to purified h. lineatum proteins. this investigation was designed to study the antigen-specific bovine lymphocyte response to hypodermin a (hya), a serine protease of larval first-instar h. lineatum. calves were vaccinated with either native or denatured hya, and challenge-infested with h. lineatum. the kinetic dev ... | 1991 | 1763482 |
| shared epitopes between the soluble proteins of hypoderma lineatum and hypoderma bovis first instars. | cattle are known to acquire immunological resistance to hypodermyiasis by repeated exposure to both species of cattle grubs, hypoderma lineatum (villers) and hypoderma bovis (l.). vaccination of cattle with purified proteins of h. lineatum, particularly hypodermin a, is known to protect cattle against hypodermyiasis by this species. the development of a protective recombinant vaccine against both species using hypodermin a isolated from h. lineatum would require that immunological epitopes be sh ... | 1990 | 1701484 |
| the migration of hypoderma lineatum in the brain of a horse. a case report and review. | | 1967 | 5625045 |
| effect of hypodermin a, an enzyme secreted by hypoderma lineatum (insect oestridae), on the bovine immune system. | the absence of any inflammatory reaction around the first instar larvae (l1) of hypoderma sp. in previously uninfested cattle suggested that these larvae may escape the non-specific defence system of the host. immunosuppression had been noted during an experimental infestation. the aim of this work was to determine more precisely the potential role of hypodermin a (ha), an enzyme secreted by the larvae, in this immunosuppression. ha was found to have no effect on unstimulated lymphocytes from na ... | 1992 | 1570677 |
| moxidectin: systemic activity against common cattle grubs (hypoderma lineatum) (diptera: oestridae) and trichostrongyle nematodes in cattle. | moxidectin, a systemic insecticide, was evaluated for its efficacy against the migrating first instars of the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum, and against nematode egg production in beef cattle. it was observed that all three levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg moxidectin kg-1) were 100% effective against cattle grubs when administered as a s.c. injection. the same levels of treatment were very effective (90-100%) in reducing trichostrongyle nematode egg production. however, there was a slight in ... | 1992 | 1502783 |
| [histological tissue study of cattly harboring the hypoderma lineatum parasite (de vill.) (diptera-oestriform) (author's transl)]. | the migrating larvae of h. lineatum throughout the submucosal connective tissue of the oesophagus of cattle induce an acute inflammatory reaction. the aim of this study is to investigate histopathological tissue changes. connective tissue damage is produced by the inflammatory reaction, but mostly by larval proteolytic enzymes. fibrous proteins and matrix are all largely affected. around the larvae there are 3 concentric levels of degradation. the external one is characterized by vascular respon ... | 1975 | 1172406 |
| common cattle grub: control with animal systemic insecticides. | | 1977 | 858822 |
| lymphocyte responsiveness in cattle previously infested and uninfested with hypoderma lineatum (de vill.) and h. bovis (l.) (diptera: oestridae). | cattle exposed to their third consecutive warble (hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis) infestation had significantly reduced apparent and accumulative grub populations and produced significantly fewer grubs than animals exposed to their first infestation. these resistant animals had enhanced reactivity to mitogens (concanavalin a (con a) and pokeweed) upon reinfestation and a strong antigen-specific response at 2 months post-infestation. their responsiveness to con a and antigen was also enhanced at ... | 1987 | 3617431 |
| biochemical and immunochemical properties of hplc peak 2, an ion-exchange fraction of common cattle grub (diptera: oestridae). | | 1988 | 3286707 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction data for the collagenase of hypoderma lineatum larvae. | | 1981 | 6279857 |
| purification and characterization of locusta migratoria chymotrypsin. | a chymotrypsin-like enzyme (ctle) was isolated from the digestive tract of the african migratory locust locusta migratoria migratorioides by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae) cellulose followed by affinity chromatography on phenylbutylamine (pba) sepharose. the purity and homogeneity of ctle have been shown by sds-page and on cellulose acetate strips. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 24,000, determined by sds-page and on a sephadex g-75 calibrated column. it has an isoe ... | 1988 | 3246483 |
| complete amino acid sequence of the collagenase from the insect hypoderma lineatum. | the primary structure of the hypoderma lineatum collagenase was determined. chymotrypsin digestion and thermolysin fragmentation of the chymotryptic core gave 30 and 5 peptides, respectively, accounting for all the residues of the protein. these peptides were aligned with overlapping peptides derived from tryptic and staphylococcus aureus v8 proteinase digests. hypoderma collagenase is a serine proteinase composed of 230 amino acids (mr 25,223). it displays a high degree of sequential homology w ... | 1987 | 3034899 |
| changes in the haemolytic activity of bovine serum complement by hypoderma lineatum (insect oestridae) larval proteinases in naive and immune cattle. | three serine proteinases (hypodermin a, b and c) of the first instar larvae of hypoderma lineatum have been assayed for their ability to deplete seric complement of naive or immune cattle. in naive cattle complement consumption is initiated by hypodermin b through the sequence c1-c3 at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml of serum, and by hypodermin a through the sequence of c3-c9 at a higher concentration of 150 micrograms. the third enzyme presenting a collagenolytic activity has no anti-complem ... | 1984 | 6390301 |
| [a case of dermamyiasis caused with hypoderma lineatum larva]. | | 1984 | 6518647 |
| specificity of the collagenase from the insect hypoderma lineatum. | specificity of the collagenase from the larvae hypoderma lineatum, a serine protease related to trypsin, has been investigated by using native collagen and non-collagenous substrates. at 25 degrees c and neutral ph the degradation of collagen by the larval enzyme in solution results in a 52% loss of specific viscosity, without loss of helicity. electron microscopy of segment-long-spacing crystallites of the digest shows the occurrence of one cleavage region between bands 41 and 44 whereas edman ... | 1985 | 2995028 |
| degradation of bovine c3 by serine proteases from parasites hypoderma lineatum (diptera, oestridae). | purified enzymes of hypoderma lineatum (insecta, oestridae), were assayed for their proteolytic activity on bovine c3 in normal cattle sera. the products of cleavage by these serine proteases (hypodermins a, b, and c), were analysed by electrophoresis in sds polyacrylamide gels followed by immunoblotting. the enzymatic attack was initially directed at the alpha polypeptide chain by hypodermin a at a concentration of 1 micrograms/ml of serum and by hypodermin b at 5 micrograms/ml. the generated p ... | 1989 | 2718374 |
| eosinophilic pleural effusion in cutaneous myiasis. | we have reported the case of a 54-year-old man with recurrent painful migratory subcutaneous nodules associated with marked blood eosinophilia and an eosinophilic pleural effusion. the entire syndrome was subsequently determined to be due to cutaneous myiasis caused by the larvae of hypoderma lineatum, the cattle botfly. infestation by this or other dipterous fly larvae should be among the parasitic diseases considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with similar symptoms. | 1989 | 2678504 |
| colostral transfer of antibodies specific for hypoderma lineatum proteins. | antibodies to hypoderma lineatum were transferred to calves via colostrum. the antibodies transferred in the colostrum demonstrated specificity to all the h. lineatum first-instar proteins which were resolved by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were capable of mediating a type i hypersensitivity reaction. the kinetic decline of colostrum-acquired antibodies, the effect upon development of an autologous humoral response to h. lineatum and the host or parasite protective role ... | 1989 | 2476886 |
| antigenicity and immunogenicity of hypoderma lineatum soluble proteins in the bovine host. | protein species found in soluble crude extracts of hypoderma lineatum (common cattle grub) 1st-instar larvae (hl1) were separated by non-denaturing and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and analyzed for antigenicity by western blotting using serum from h. lineatum-infested and vaccinated cattle. all hl1 proteins resolved by non-denaturing page were found to be antigenic in the infested bovine host. treatment of the proteins with sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol des ... | 1988 | 2459835 |
| cleavage of purified bovine complement component c3 in larval hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae) hypodermins. | proteinases isolated from first instars of hypoderma lineatum (villers) were assayed for their ability to degrade purified bovine complement component c3. cleavage products were analyzed by sds-page followed by immunoblotting. crude extracts (raw insect homogenate) and purified hypodermin a and b were effective in degrading the alpha chain of c3 at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. at 10 micrograms/ml, raw insect homogenate caused total degradation of both chains of the molecule, whereas 50 mic ... | 1990 | 2231625 |
| effect of ivermectin treatment on anti-hypodermin c titers of asturiana cattle naturally infected with hypoderma lineatum. | the collagenase (hypodermin c) from soluble crude extracts of hypoderma lineatum 1st-instar larvae was purified by reverse-phase hplc and used in a new indirect elisa test. this pure protein had several advantages over the use of crude larval extracts allowing a much better discrimination between infested and non-infested cattle. the anti-hypodermin c titers of 19 asturiana cattle were estimated over the course of a natural h. lineatum infestation cycle, in which the effect of ivermectin treatme ... | 1990 | 2160750 |
| early detection of cattle grub (hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis) (diptera, oestridae) using elisa. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect cattle grub-infested animals in the autumn in alberta has been developed. antibody to hypoderma lineatum de vill. was detectable as early as 6 weeks post-infestation in artificially infested steers. peak antibody concentrations preceded the peak in maximum 'apparent' grub numbers which occurred between 37 and 43 weeks after infestation. natural infestations with h. lineatum and h. bovis l., ranging from one to ninety-two grubs per calf, were ... | 1990 | 2132967 |
| enhanced resistance to cattle grub infestation (hypoderma lineatum de vill.) in calves immunized with purified hypodermin a, b and c plus monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). | the influence of an antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune response, stimulated by immunization, on survival of a challenge infestation of hypoderma lineatum was investigated. calves immunized with a purified combination of hypodermin a, b and c plus monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) developed a strong antigen-specific cellular immune response by completion of the immunization schedule which persisted to 12 weeks post-infestation. responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the mitogens c ... | 1991 | 1858288 |
| effects of adjuvants on bovine humoral and cellular responses to hypodermin a. | hypodermin a, a serine protease of the first-instar larva of the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum (villers), when formulated with complete freund's adjuvant and administered to naive calves, will elicit protective immunity defined by an increase in in vivo larval mortality. this study evaluated two veterinary acceptable adjuvants, alhydrogel and amphigen (alone and in combination), for suitability as an adjuvant for hypodermin a. complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) is not an acceptable adjuva ... | 1995 | 7676594 |
| new records for rhipicephalus bursa, boophilus microplus, b.decoloratus and hypoderma lineatum from libya. | | 1991 | 1768917 |
| immunization of cattle against hypodermatosis (hypoderma lineatum (devill.) and h. bovis (l.)) using h. lineatum antigens. | the feasibility of immunizing calves against hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis with a crude h. lineatum larval extract or culture-derived antigen was investigated. larval survival was followed through pupation. grub appearance in the backs of both of the immunized groups was found to be 50% of that in the control groups. first appearance of h. bovis was significantly retarded in both immunized groups; however, h. lineatum was unaffected. duration of h. bovis dropping was also shorter in animals re ... | 1986 | 3727345 |
| [attempts at vaccination against bovine hypodermyiasis with a vaccine containing crude collagenase extracted from hypoderma lineatum 1st stage larva]. | | 1970 | 4314009 |
| properties of a collagenolytic enzyme from bipalium kewense. | a collagenolytic enzyme from the land planarian bipalium kewense has been purified by preparative isoelectric focusing. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 47,000 +/- 2,000 and appears to be dimeric. it has an isoelectric point of 4.6 +/- 0.1 and a high content of acidic amino acids. the amino acid composition of the bipalium collagenase is similar to that of human skin fibroblast collagenases but clearly different from previously reported collagenolytic proteases from other invertebrates, uca ... | 1981 | 6271218 |
| structural study on the active site of the collagenase from hypoderma lineatum. | the collagenase from the larvae hypoderma lineatum is a serine proteinase sequentially related to the trypsin family. the tryptic peptide containing the serine residue of the active site, labelled with [3h] diisopropylfluorophosphate was isolated and determined to be ser-pro-cys-phe-gly-asp-ser-gly-gly-pro-(phe-ser)-lys. it is highly conservative with respect to the corresponding peptide in other serine proteinases related to trypsin. | 1983 | 6303340 |
| hypodermin b, a trypsin-related enzyme from the insect hypoderma lineatum. comparison with hypodermin a and hypoderma collagenase, two serine proteinases from the same source. | hypodermin b, a serine proteinase with a molecular weight of 23000, was purified to homogeneity from the larvae hypoderma lineatum. it is stoichiometrically inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and fully inactivated by n-tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone and soya bean and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitors. n-tosylphenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and ovomucoid are without effect on its activity. hypodermin b hydrolyses both amide and ester substrates of trypsin but does not display any chymo ... | 1983 | 6307690 |
| [a case of penetration of hypoderma lineatum de villers larva into the human brain]. | | 1969 | 5371780 |
| occurrence of warble fly, hypoderma lineatum, infestation in yaks in bhutan. | | 1970 | 5463051 |
| small-scale field tests with dermally applied animal systemic insecticides for control of the common cattle grub. | | 1970 | 5475204 |
| dermal application of ten systemic insecticides to cattle for the control of the common cattle grub. | | 1966 | 5932266 |
| further observations on the development of hypoderma lineatum de villiers and hypoderma bovis degeer (diptera, oestridae) in the bovine host. | | 1966 | 5948617 |
| studies on hypoderma lineatum de villiers and hypoderma bovis degeer (diptera, hypodermatidae) in manitoba. | | 1967 | 6068206 |
| induction of intradermal skin reactions in the bovine by fractionated proteins of hypoderma lineatum. | protein species found in crude extracts of hypoderma lineatum (villers) 1st-instar gullet-stage larval homogenates were fractionated by chromatography and further identified by conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and sds/page techniques. seven major fractions were resolved by ion exchange chromatography. conventional page of the crude antigen preparation revealed a minimum of 14 protein species, while sds/page revealed 3 major protein species. the ability to elicit cutaneous r ... | 1984 | 6240823 |
| sequential homology of the collagenase from eucaryote hypoderma lineatum with the proteinases of the trypsin family. | | 1980 | 6249306 |
| [the 2 warble fly strains of cattle (hypoderma bovis and hypoderma lineatum)]. | | 1974 | 4849976 |
| in vitro and ex vivo responses of bovine lymphocytes to hypodermin c, an enzyme secreted by hypoderma lineatum (insect oestridae). | the aim of this work was to determine if hypodermin c (hc), an enzyme secreted by hypoderma spp. larvae during their migration, is able to depress the lymphocyte response to mitogens and antigens. hc, when added to the lymphocyte culture, was able to influence the response of naive-calf lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. secondly, injections of hc to uninfested and previously-infested cattle did not modify the proliferative response of the lymphocytes of these animals to mitogens. thirdly, injec ... | 1993 | 8475620 |
| eosinophilic mediastinitis, myositis, pleuritis, and pneumonia of cattle associated with migration of first-instar larvae of hypoderma lineatum. | migrating first-instar larvae of hypoderma lineatum are a frequent cause of focal inflammatory lesions in connective tissues of the mediastinum, parietal and visceral pleura, peritoneum, lungs, diaphragm, and other loci. the lesions are characterized grossly by foci of yellowish or greenish gelatinous edema and microscopically by infiltration of the edematous tissue by a dense array of eosinophils. lesions were recognized during a period of several weeks in late spring; the timing was attributab ... | 1993 | 8507701 |
| method for collecting hypoderma spp. (diptera: oestridae) larvae from cattle. | a new method for collecting 3rd-instar hypoderma lineatum (villers) and hypoderma bovis (l.) is described. a procedure for carrying out chronobiological and other studies involving the life cycle of these flies is included. the larvae are collected from cattle using a dressing made of a circle of cardboard attached to a piece of tulle similar in color to the coat of the animal. these small cloth cages were attached to the animal skin with fast-drying contact glue wherever the swellings produced ... | 1998 | 9615554 |
| relative effectiveness of various anions on the solubility of acidic hypoderma lineatum collagenase at ph 7.2. | the effects of various anions on decreasing the solubility of acidic hypoderma lineatum collagenase at ph 7.2 and 18 degrees c were qualitatively defined by replacing the crystallizing agent of known crystallization conditions by various ammonium salts. the solubility curves measured in the presence of the sulfate, phosphate, citrate, and chloride ammonium salts gave the following ranking of anions: hpo4(2-)/h2po4- > so4(2-) > citrate 3-/citrate2- >> cl-. this order is in agreement with the hofm ... | 1995 | 8535249 |
| control of larvae of the common cattle grub (diptera: oestridae) with animal systemic insecticides. | | 1984 | 6547732 |
| ophthalmomyiasis interna causing visual loss. | ophthalmomyiasis interna caused severe intraocular inflammation and loss of vision in two eyes. in the first eye, the organism was found in the vitreous and created a severe uveitis; a second-stage larva of hypoderma lineatum was later removed from the anterior chamber. phthisis bulbi ensued with loss of all vision. in a second eye, a subretinal maggot was observed to produce tracks in the pigment epithelium, with subretinal and vitreous hemorrhage. severe uveitis and traction retinal detachment ... | 1984 | 6720840 |
| hypodermin a, a trypsin-like neutral proteinase from the insect hypoderma lineatum. | hypodermin a, a serine proteinase from the larva hypoderma lineatum, with a molecular weight of 27 000 was obtained in pure form by ion-exchange chromatography. it is inhibited by diisopropyl phosphofluorate, a serine proteinase inhibitor, but not by metallo or cysteine enzyme inhibitors such as edta or thiol reagents. in the same way, it is fully inactivated by trypsin inhibitors, but not by specific chymotrypsin inhibitors. its specificity, limited to carboxyl side of arginine residue in b-cha ... | 1981 | 7018579 |
| 1.7 a x-ray structure of space-grown collagenase crystals. | collagenases, divided into metallocollagenases and serine collagenases, are the only proteases that cleave the triple helix of collagen under physiological conditions. in the present work, the serine protease collagenase purified from hypoderma lineatum larvae is studied. from crystals grown in the international microgravity laboratory (iml2), a data set was collected at 1.7 a using synchrotron radiation. although the resolution is not very different, the signal-to-noise ratio and the quality of ... | 2000 | 10713532 |
| acquired resistance to hypoderma lineatum: comparative immune response of resistant and susceptible cattle. | the humoral and cellular immune responses of previously infested and noninfested cattle were compared after a single experimental exposure to 1st-instar hypoderma lineatum. no correlation was found between the development of humoral antibodies as measured by passive hemagglutination assay and resistance in cattle. however, the most resistant cattle had higher macrophage migration-inhibition activity before and 1 month after infestation than did low- or non-resistant animals, and resistant animal ... | 1982 | 7046206 |
| an intradermal test to detect latent warble (hypoderma spp.) infection in cattle. | an intradermal test was developed to screen cattle for infection with the first-instar larvae of the warble flies hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis. the diagnostic antigen, prepared from the first-instar larvae of h. lineatum, produced a distinct dermal reaction in cattle infected with the first-instar larvae of either species, but not in cattle in which the infection could not be confirmed later either on necropsy or by the appearance of warbles in the back. the reaction to the antigen was unpred ... | 1981 | 7194727 |
| reaginic (type 1 anaphylactic) antibodies produced by calves in response to hypoderma larvae. | reaginic antibody production by hypoderma lineatum and h bovis larval antigens were evaluated in three calves using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca). two calves were sensitised with soluble extract of h lineatum larvae and a third was injected with 43 hatching h bovis larvae. blood serum taken from the calves was injected intradermally in 0.1 ml volumes into three test calves. sera from the calves sensitised with hypoderma extract produced positive pca reactions in all three calves with maxim ... | 1980 | 7210421 |
| local and systemic reactions in cattle to hypoderma lineatum larval toxin: protection by phenylbutazone. | soluble toxin of hypoderma lineatum injected iv induced a severe cardiorespiratory shock syndrome in calves. intradermal injection of the toxin caused well-defined, edematous wheals comparable with those produced by histamine. treatment of calves with famphur (organophosphate insecticide; poured on the skin of the calves 24 hours before injection of toxin) did not increase the severity of the effects of the toxin. treatment of calves with phenylbutazone (20 mg/kg) 20 minutes before injection of ... | 1981 | 7224314 |
| cutaneous myiasis: review of 13 cases in travelers returning from tropical countries. | cutaneous myiasis is frequently reported in patients from tropical countries. most commonly infestation is due to cordylobia anthropophaga and dermatobia hominis, whereas hypoderma lineatum is less likely to affect humans. | 1995 | 7591459 |
| effect of the parasite enzyme, hypodermin a, on bovine lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production via the prostaglandin pathway. | the immune function of cattle infected with a primary infestation of hypoderma lineatum is impaired during the first instar migration of the larvae. hypodermin a (ha) is an enzyme secreted by the larvae that is implicated in immunosuppression. the response of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to ha was examined in this study. ha blocked their proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and its effect was enhanced when cells were preincubated with ha before activation. t ... | 1995 | 7635517 |
| warble stage development of third instars of hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae). | hypoderma lineatum (villers), the common cattle grub, is an insect parasite that resides in a warble in the subcutaneous tissues of the backs of cattle during a portion of their life cycle. inside the warble, the larva undergoes 2 molts to the 3rd instar. in this study, the development of the posterior spiracular plates of the 3rd instar of h. lineatum was observed in situ. larvae were observed to molt to the 3rd-instar phase 1 stage of development 28.6 +/- 3.9 d (+/- sd) after digesting a breat ... | 1996 | 8742525 |
| recombinant vaccine development: a novel approach to ectoparasite control. a review of development of a recombinant vaccine for hypodermosis based on hypodermin a. | cattle grubs (hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis) are obligate parasites of cattle for most of their one year life cycle. previously exposed animals become resistant to productive reinfestation, presumably as a result of immune system involvement, suggesting potential control by vaccination. research progress towards development and utilization of a recombinant subunit vaccine for hypodermosis is described. | 1993 | 7763704 |
| development of resistance to hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae) within a cattle herd. | three experimental infestations of a herd of 27 cattle with the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum, are described during a 4-yr period. the mean percentage of survival of larvae during internal migration was 67.7% in the initial infestation. in the 2nd infestation 1 yr later, the mean percentage of survival of larvae decreased to 40.5% during internal migration. although fewer larvae survived to reach the tissues in the back in the 2nd infestation, more larvae in the back tissues survived (2 ... | 1996 | 8906904 |
| sequencing and gene expression of hypodermins a, b, c in larval stages of hypoderma lineatum. | the cdnas of hypodermins, enzymes secreted by the larvae of the parasitic fly hypoderma lineatum, were sequenced. four cdna clones were isolated, one encoding hypodermin a (ha), one encoding hypodermin c (hc), and the two others encoding proteins related to hypodermin b (hb). the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences confirmed that these enzymes are serine proteases. ha and one of the hb proteins had potential n-linked glycosylation sites. analysis of hypodermin protein, rna ... | 1994 | 7808473 |
| thermal requirements for hypoderma lineatum (diptera:oestridae) egg development. | this study was designed to define lower thermal limits for common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum (villers), egg development. the data collected in this study suggest that embryonic development was prolonged as temperature was lowered. no hatch was observed when eggs were incubated at a constant temperature of 20 degrees c. measurements of cattle skin temperature and ovipositional behavior of the gravid female fly suggest that eggs are oviposited in a suitable thermal environment for successful ... | 1996 | 8961649 |
| doramectin systemic activity against cattle grubs, hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis (diptera: oestridae), and cattle lice, bovicola bovis (mallophaga: trichodectidae), linognathus vituli and solenopotes capillatus (anoplura: linognathidae), and haematopinus eurysternus (anoplura: haematopinidae), in wyoming. | seven individual trials were conducted in wyoming to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of doramectin administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 200 micrograms kg-1 against multiple, natural infestations of cattle grubs or cattle lice. insect species present and the number of trials that included each species were: hypoderma lineatum, 2; hypoderma bovis. 1; bovicola bovis, 5; haematopinus eurysternus, 1; linognathus vituli, 5; and solenopotes capillatus, 3. examinations for lice were performed pr ... | 1996 | 8966997 |
| effects of hypotonic and hypertonic sodium chloride solutions on first-instar hypoderma lineatum larvae. | | 1958 | 13498271 |
| a competitive elisa for the serodiagnosis of hypodermosis. | hypodermosis is a parasitic disease of cattle caused by hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis. it is an important health and welfare problem of infested cattle and a cause of considerable economic loss. in live animals, detection can be either by direct clinical examination of infested cattle and palpation of second and third stage larvae in the back or by the use of serological methods. this paper describes a competitive elisa for the detection of antibodies to hypoderma species in cattle sera. it ha ... | 1997 | 9066061 |
| influence of parasiticide treatment on kinetics of antigen specific antibody response in cattle infested with hypoderma lineatum (diptera:oestridae). | the effect of parasiticide treatment on dynamics of antigen specific antibody responses to hypoderma lineatum (de villers) was investigated in naturally infested calves. parasiticides were applied to cattle 1 month prior to, 1 week prior to, and coincident with the appearance of warbles in untreated calves from the same source herd. when cattle were treated approximately 1 month before warbles appeared in untreated control animals, antigen specific antibody levels increased for 25-34 days then d ... | 1997 | 9066063 |
| upper thermal limits for hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae) egg hatching and development. | during periods of hypoderma lineatum (de villers) oviposition activity, ambient temperatures reached 28 degrees c and dorsal bovine dermal temperatures exceeded 45 degrees c. egg hatch decreased linearly with increased constant temperatures from 79% at 35 degrees c to 0% at 39 degrees c. egg hatch varied from 58 to 80% after 1-, 3-, or 5-h exposures to 40 or 45 degrees c. exposures of 3 h or more at 50 degrees c were lethal, whereas 66% of all eggs survived 1-h exposures to 50 degrees c. the upp ... | 1997 | 9379455 |
| exploring hydrophobic sites in proteins with xenon or krypton. | x-ray diffraction is used to study the binding of xenon and krypton to a variety of crystallised proteins: porcine pancreatic elastase; subtilisin carlsberg from bacillus licheniformis; cutinase from fusarium solani; collagenase from hypoderma lineatum; hen egg lysozyme, the lipoamide dehydrogenase domain from the outer membrane protein p64k from neisseria meningitidis; urate-oxidase from aspergillus flavus, mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin cytb from bacillus thuringiensis and the ligand-binding do ... | 1998 | 9443341 |
| comparative studies of some modern insecticides in the control of cattle grubs (hypoderma lineatum). | | 1965 | 14330186 |
| comparison of the use of secretory and somatic antigens in an elisa for the serodiagnosis of hypodermosis. | an antigen was prepared from metabolic products which were produced by maintaining first instar larvae of hypoderma lineatum in rpmi tissue culture medium for 48 h. three major proteins were identified in the secretory products and were characterised in terms of their molecular weights and iso-electric points. the antigen compared favourably with a soluble extract of larvae when used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against a panel of control sera and 2000 bovine sera collected fr ... | 1994 | 8073615 |
| proteolytic cleavage of bovine igg by hypodermin a, a serine protease of hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae). | cattle grub larvae are able to survive a lengthy 8 1/2-mo internal migration within the naive bovine host connective tissues. larval survival is observed even in the presence of host immunological responses to principal parasite proteins. in this study, data are presented that suggest that a digestive enzyme, hypodermin a, of the first-instar larvae effectively cleaves bovine immunoglobulin g in vitro. a (fab)'2 fragment is produced, and the heavy-chain fragments associated with the cleaved fc p ... | 1993 | 8277374 |
| effect of early treatment with ivermectin and doramectin on the dynamics of antibody response in cattle naturally infested by hypoderma lineatum and h. bovis. | the field efficacy of two avermectins (ivermectin and doramectin) and the subsequent development of the antibody response were assessed in cows naturally infested with first-instar larvae (l-1) of hypoderma sp. twenty-eight frisian cows were randomly divided into three groups while the first-instar larvae were still in migration: group 1 (g-c) untreated control; group 2 (g-iv), treated with ivermectin injectable (0.2 mg kg-1 body weight) and group 3 (g-dor), which received doramectin injectable ... | 1997 | 9477519 |
| hypoderma lineatum: expression of enzymatically active hypodermin c in escherichia coli and its use for the immunodiagnosis of hypodermosis. | the cdna coding for the mature hypodermin c from first instars of hypoderma lineatum was cloned by reverse transcription and pcr amplification of total larval rna using specific oligonucleotide primers. this cdna was expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. mature hypodermin c was released from the gst-fusion after glutathione-sepharose 4b affinity chromatography and proteolytic cleavage using factor xa. the purified recombinant protein showed enzymatic activi ... | 1998 | 9709025 |
| cytochrome oxidase i gene sequence of hypoderma sinense infecting yaks in the qinghai-tibet high plateau of china. | the previous scanning electron microscopy study of the hypoderma species suggested that hypoderma sinense pleske (h. sinense) was different from hypoderma bovis (h. bovis) and hypoderma lineatum (h. lineatum). in this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) gene sequence of h. sinense was compared with those of the other two species. the h. sinense sequence showed only 88.3% homology to h. bovis and 88.5% to h. lineatum. the results of the sequencing analysis confirm that h. sinense ... | 2004 | 15350668 |
| efficacy of a pour-on formulation of doramectin against lice, mites, and grubs of cattle. | to determine effectiveness of a pour-on formulation of doramectin against damalinia bovis, haematopinus eurysternus, linognathus vituli, solenopotes capillatus, chorioptes bovis, sarcoptes scabiei, hypoderma bovis, and hypoderma lineatum. | 1999 | 10211679 |
| hypoderma lineatum antigen and anti-przhevalskiana silenus antibodies: cross-reactivity and antibody kinetics in naturally infested goats. | to evaluate the cross-reactivity between hypoderma lineatum antigen and anti-przhevalskiana silenus antibodies six protocols with different concentrations of antigen and different dilutions of sera and conjugate were applied. the highest cross-reaction between the h. lineatum antigen and the anti-p. silenus antibodies is given by 2 micrograms/ml of antigen concentration, 1:400 of serum and 1:10,000 conjugate dilution. the study on the kinetic development of antibodies in goats naturally infested ... | 1998 | 10376291 |
| serodiagnosis of goat warble fly infestation by przhevalskiana silenus with a commercial elisa kit. | cross-reactivity between hypoderma lineatum antigen and anti-przhevalskiana silenus antibodies has been demonstrated by an elisa technique. to evaluate the applicability of a commercial elisa kit for the immunodiagnosis of goat warble fly infestation, different dilutions of serum and conjugate were tested, the development of antibody to p silenus in naturally infested goats was studied, and the results were compared with an elisa technique using an antigen extracted from the first instar larvae ... | 1999 | 10423816 |
| differentiation by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism of some oestridae larvae causing myiasis. | the cytochrome oxidase i (coi) gene of the most wide-spread italian species of oestridae larvae causing myiasis (gasterophilus spp., hypoderma bovis, hypoderma lineatum, oestrus ovis and przhevalskiana silenus) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using conserved primers. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of amplicons was also carried out and their restriction profiles compared. a clear genetic difference between the oestridae larvae examined was demonstrated by using t ... | 2000 | 10856816 |
| myiasis due to hypoderma lineatum infection mimicking the hypereosinophilic syndrome. | myiasis is the infestation of live humans with larvae of diptera (true flies). this report describes a protracted illness caused by infestation with hypoderma lineatum, resembling the hypereosinophilic syndrome. a 35-year-old man had a 9-month multisystemic illness with pronounced eosinophilia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and myositis. treatments including glucocorticoids did not alter the disease. diagnostic studies included computed tomography, 2-dimensional echocardiography, leukocyte count, sur ... | 2000 | 10907394 |
| detection of antibodies to hypoderma lineatum in cattle by western blotting with recombinant hypodermin c antigen. | the cdna encoding the entire mature hypodermin c (hc) of hypoderma lineatum was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein using pgex vector. the recombinant hc protein (rhc) was tested by western blotting to detect antibodies to h. lineatum in cattle. western blotting with rhc as antigen clearly differentiated between h. lineatum-infested cattle sera and normal cattle sera. forty-six out of forty-eight serum samples from cattle in central mongolia wer ... | 2001 | 11470181 |
| stage specific mortality and humoral immune responses during pulse and trickle infestations of the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae). | stage specific survival of larvae and pupae of the common cattle grub, hypoderma lineatum de villers, was compared in cattle artificially infested with larvae delivered by subcutaneous injection as a single infestation of 100 larvae, in trickle infestations of either two doses of 50 larvae, separated by 15 days, or in four doses of 25 larvae, separated by 9, 6, and 6 days, respectively. the duration of the migratory and 'warble' phases were also compared between treatments. the kinetics of the a ... | 2001 | 11502370 |
| [recent data on the treatment of bovine hypodermyiasis using metrifonate (neguvon) and ivermectin (ivomec) in microdoses]. | large scale preventive treatments against bovine hypodermosis have been performed in the canton of grisons and in different jura areas. either metrifonate (neguvon 10% spot-on, bayer ag) or ivermectin "microdoses" (i.e. 0.1 ml ivomec ad. inj-msd agvet-per animal) have been applied. the treatment of dairy cows with neguvon at the then recommended dose (24 ml/animal) showed a low efficacy of 80%, without any correlation to the date of treatment. an increase of the dose to 36 ml/animal revealed an ... | 1997 | 9451918 |
| [myiasis caused by oestridae: serological and molecular diagnosis]. | myiasis-causing oestridae (bot flies) infect several animal species world-wide, from palaearctic to subtropical/tropical areas. oestrids affect livestock production causing abortion, reduced milk production, losses in weight and fertility, poor hide quality and an impairment of the host's immune system. in the last few years much research has been carried out on the immunology of these infestations, in order to acquire efficient and reliable diagnostic serological tools; the genome of the differ ... | 2004 | 15305710 |
| efficacy of moxidectin injectable and pour-on formulations in a pilot control program against bovine hypodermosis in southern italy. | bovine hypodermosis is a myiasis caused by hypoderma bovis and hypoderma lineatum (diptera, oestridae) larvae, which has a severe economic impact on the livestock industry. though myiasis is widespread throughout italy, no nationwide eradication program has ever been planned, unlike in other european countries. with a view to setting up a national control program, a pilot study was carried out in southern italy on 9939 cattle bred in an area with a high prevalence of cattle hypodermosis, using m ... | 2005 | 15899303 |
| skin immune responses in cattle after primary and secondary infections with hypoderma lineatum (diptera: oestridae) larvae. | cellular immune responses were examined in the skin of cattle after primary and secondary experimental infections with hypoderma lineatum larvae. skin biopsies were taken at 0, 6, 12, 48 and 96 h post-infection (h.p.i.). in primary infected animals the penetration of hypoderma larvae was characterized by moderate inflammatory responses. the pattern of cellular changes in previously infected animals suggested an allergic or rheumatic process, probably as a consequence of the development of a type ... | 2005 | 16039724 |
| utility of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes for differentiation and phylogenesis of species of gastrointestinal bot flies. | larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera: oestridae) cause gastrointestinal myiasis of equids. however, their identification may be problematic due to morphological similarities between species infesting identical regions of the digestive tract. in this study, genes encoding for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) and for the 16s and 28s ribosomal subunits of the most commonly encountered gasterophilinae subfamily species [i.e., gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (l.), gasterophilus inermis (brauer ... | 2005 | 16539155 |
| the perfection of protein crystals probed by direct recording of bragg reflection profiles with a quasi-planar x-ray wave. | profiles of bragg reflections from earth-grown crystals of lysozyme from hen egg-white and collagenase from hypoderma lineatum were directly recorded with a quasi-planar x-ray wave. one crystal of each protein was chosen for a detailed investigation. each sample is shown to consist of only a few (three and two, respectively) highly ordered domains, misoriented with respect to each other by a few arc s. the smallest rocking widths were observed for the large domain of the collagenase sample (fwhm ... | 1995 | 16714805 |
| bovine hypodermosis: prevalence and economic significance in southern punjab, pakistan. | prevalence and economic losses of warble fly infestation (wfi) in cattle and buffaloes were recorded in dera ghazi khan and rajan pur districts of southern punjab (pakistan). a total of 18,000 cattle and 9000 buffaloes were examined in the field and slaughter house. only one species of hypoderma, i.e. hypoderma lineatum was recorded from this area. the prevalence of wfi was higher in slaughter house versus field, cattle versus buffaloes, males versus females, and young versus old animals in both ... | 2006 | 16787710 |