| the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c isolated from the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina has been determined by comparison of the compositions of the tryptic peptides to those predicted from the published sequences of cytochromes c from other insects. cytochrome c from l. cuprina differs at a single residue when compared to cytochrome c from the screw worm fly haematobia irritans, a species belonging to the same order as the blowfly. this substitution, proline for alanine, has been located at pos ... | 1978 | 202328 |
| treatment of one beef animal per herd with permethrin for horn fly control. | | 1979 | 528745 |
| season long horn fly control with an insecticide-impregnated ear tag. | | 1979 | 536487 |
| the epidemiological and economic importance of fly infestation of meat and milk producing animals in europe. | the importance of fly infestation in the transmission of disease and in the loss of production through "fly worry" to meat and milk producing animals is reviewed. as well as being confirmed disseminators of certain enteric diseases of man, eg, cholera, salmonellosis and colienteritis, flies have also been implicated in the transmission of mastitis and certain ophthalmic infections, principally keratoconjunctivitis in cattle. "fly worry, particularly from biting flies such as stomoxys calcitrans ... | 1979 | 552724 |
| ovicidal activity of thompson-hayward th 6040 in the stable fly and horn fly after surface contact by adults. | | 1976 | 794083 |
| stages of the horn fly susceptible to methoprene. | | 1977 | 838927 |
| cattle biting louse, bovicola bovis (mallophaga: trichodectidae), phoretic on the horn fly, haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae). | | 1977 | 845910 |
| methoprene for control of the horn fly: a sustained-release bolus formulation for cattle. | | 1977 | 915073 |
| inhibition of larval horn fly development in the manure of bovines fed dimilin mineral blocks. | | 1976 | 956497 |
| effect of horn fly control on cows as expressed by increased weaning weights of calves. | | 1976 | 1002880 |
| the horn fly: methoprene in drinking water of cattle for control. | | 1975 | 1194493 |
| effect of horn flies on vanilmandelic acid excretion of dairy cattle. | this study measured a physiological effect of known horn fly (haematoba irritans l.) population densities on dairy cattle. urinary excretion of the catecholamine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid, was an indicator of physiological response to the parasites. six lactating holstein cows were acclimated to the test room prior to a 3-wk control at 21 c. animals were then exposed to approximately 500 horn flies per cow per day for 4 wk. on days 1 and 21 of exposure, two urine samples were ... | 1976 | 1249298 |
| the survival and fecundity of buffalo flies after treatment of cattle with three anthelmintics. | two anthelmintics with known insecticidal action (ivermectin and closantel) and one with no recorded effect on insects (levamisole) were tested to evaluate their effects on buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua). blood from animals given closantel or levamisole had no significant effect on mortality of buffalo flies in an in-vitro assay. in contrast, blood from animals given ivermectin showed a dose-dependent effect on the mortality of buffalo flies. at 24 h after one injection of the recommen ... | 1992 | 1288475 |
| enzymes in saliva from four parasitic arthropods. | enzyme assays and sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were carried out on saliva and in some cases homogenates of salivary gland and gut from four parasitic arthropods (the cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini); the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.); non-parasitic adult and parasitic larval blowfly of sheep, lucilia cuprina (wiedemann); the buffalo fly, haematobia irritans exigua de meijere). saliva from all species showed large differences in the number and molecular weight of components, ... | 1992 | 1330086 |
| a review of ectoparasites and their effect on cattle production. | losses in livestock production due to ectoparasite infestations exceed $2.26 billion annually. over 50 species of ectoparasites infest cattle throughout the united states. the horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), is the most important and widespread of the five to six major pest species of pastured cattle in the southern region. results from the examination of production traits from cattle under ectoparasite burdens have been variable, ranging from no effect to significant reductions in weight ga ... | 1992 | 1347767 |
| high levels of pyrethroid resistance in horn flies (diptera: muscidae) selected with cyhalothrin. | lambdacyhalothrin cattle ear tags controlled horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), for 14 wks or longer during 1986-1988 in georgia, usa. in 1989 and 1990, control of < 50 horn flies per side of cow was achieved for < or = 4 wk because of high levels of pyrethroid resistance in horn flies selected with lambdacyhalothrin. the highest resistance ratios (rrs) were seen in 1989. these were 498 for lambdacyhalothrin; 92,000 for fenvalerate; and 54 for permethrin. rrs for cypermethrin as high as 8,800 w ... | 1992 | 1401477 |
| age structure of horn fly (diptera: muscidae) populations estimated by pterin concentrations. | pterins accumulate in the head capsules of horn flies, haematobia irritans irritans (l.), as a linear function of time and temperature. pterin concentrations were used to estimate chronological ages and to establish correlations between chronological age and ovarian development and reproductive success in 12 horn fly populations in 1988 and 1989. male ages were estimated spectrofluorometrically. there were statistically significant differences between years in population age structure measured b ... | 1992 | 1495079 |
| acquired immune response of cattle exposed to buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua). | naturally acquired immunity to buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) infestation was examined in cattle. animals exposed to flies had serum antibodies to buffalo fly antigens at levels that correlated with the intensity of exposure. two weeks of intense exposure to buffalo fly induced an increase in peripheral blood eosinophil numbers and a concomitant rise in serum antibody levels in exposed animals. antigens specific for antibody induced by natural exposure were identified using antisera fr ... | 1992 | 1496794 |
| estimates of repeatability and heritability of horn fly resistance in beef cattle. | horn fly population density on 215 beef cows representing seven breed groups and 51 sires was used to obtain estimates of repeatability (rxx) and heritability (h2) for resistance to the horn fly (haematobia irritans [l.] diptera: muscidae). total horn fly densities were determined weekly on each cow beginning in may and ending in late october or early november of 1988, 1989, and 1990. no insecticides were used on cattle in this study. estimates of h2 for horn fly resistance (low horn fly number ... | 1992 | 1526906 |
| studies on the possible role of cattle nuisance flies, especially hydrotaea irritans, in the transmission of summer mastitis in denmark. | the summer mastitis pathogens actinomyces pyogenes, peptococcus indolicus, bacteroides melaninogenicus ss. levii, fusobacterium necrophorum and streptococcus dysgalactiae were isolated from the polyphagous symbovine dipterans hydrotaea irritans (fallén) and morellia sp. caught around dairy heifers on pasture, but not from the haematophagous species haematobia irritans (l.), haematobosca stimulans (meigen), culicoides sp. and simulium sp. secretions from clinical cases of summer mastitis proved t ... | 1991 | 1773120 |
| economic effects of horn fly (diptera: muscidae) populations on beef cattle exposed to three pesticide treatment regimes. | horn flies could not be maintained below 50 per animal with sprays or dusts during a 21-wk study. however, weights of cows and calves and condition scores of cows were not influenced by suppression of haematobia irritans (l.) populations. results show that cattle in northwest florida can tolerate average populations of greater than or equal to 200 flies for 70 d with no adverse economic effects. spray treatments providing the best fly control were lintox-d and ra-vap. the most economical product ... | 1991 | 1842800 |
| interactive response of the horn fly (diptera: muscidae) and selected breeds of beef cattle. | statistically significant differences were observed in the population density of the horn fly, haematobia irritans irritans (l.), on different breeds of beef cattle. the european breed chianina had a population density of horn flies generally less than or equal to 50% than that of the british cattle breeds (angus, hereford, polled hereford, and red poll) and another european breed (charolais). generally, no significant difference existed among numbers of horn flies on hereford, polled hereford, ... | 1991 | 1842801 |
| horn fly (diptera: muscidae) insecticide resistance in kentucky and arkansas. | the effect of previous insecticide use patterns for horn fly control on the susceptibility spectrum of horn fly (haematobia irritans [l.]) populations from kentucky and arkansas is described. populations of horn flies from both states were tested with three pyrethroids (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin), three organophosphates (diazinon, pirimiphos methyl, and tetrachlorvinphos), and a chlorinated hydrocarbon (methoxychlor). dose-mortality data indicated insecticide resistance in arkans ... | 1991 | 1885841 |
| veterinary use of ivermectin. | following the development of a unique claim structure encompassing both nematode and arthropod species, ivermectin was first introduced as a veterinary parasiticide in 1981. for cattle(c), sheep(s), horses(h) and pigs(p) injectable(c,s,p), oral(c,s,h) and topical(c) products are available delivering ivermectin at 200 to 500 micrograms/kg. efficacy extends to nematodes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, conjunctival sac and soft tissues. among the arthropod parasites claims have been ... | 1990 | 2198752 |
| the morgan recharger: a new horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control device for beef cattle. | a 20% diazinon formulation was evaluated for control efficacy against the horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), in the morgan recharger (morgan international products, college grove, tenn.). the morgan recharger releases insecticide with a wicking system from an insecticide reservoir and can be attached to an animal's ear or tail. this device was most effective against the horn fly when used as an ear tag with two per head; horn fly counts did not exceed five flies per side through 8 wk. the diazi ... | 1990 | 2212237 |
| effects of horn fly and house fly (diptera: muscidae) larvae on the development of parasitic nematodes in bovine dung. | laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), and house fly, musca domestica l., larvae on the development of a mixed population of parasitic nematodes in compressed and crumbled bovine dung. fresh dung (100 g per sample) from a single calf passing trichostrongyle type eggs was infested with 150 horn fly or 150 house fly eggs. after 14-15 d, more horn flies and house flies had emerged from the compressed dung than from the crumbled dung, but mo ... | 1990 | 2212240 |
| differential survival of male and female partially resistant horn flies (diptera: muscidae) on steers treated with permethrin. | males and females from a heterozygous, resistant strain (sr) of the horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), were tested for survival until reproductive maturity on steers with ear tags in outdoor, screened enclosures and on steers sprayed on the neck in an indoor isolation room. after 6 d, female sr flies on outdoor steers with one tag had 10 times greater survival than males; almost no sr flies on steers with two ear tags survived. survival of male and female sr flies on steers sprayed on the neck ... | 1990 | 2258510 |
| permethrin metabolism in pyrethroid-resistant adults of the horn fly (muscidae: diptera). | the in vivo metabolism of topically applied 14c-permethrin was determined for adults of pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.) at 1, 2, and 6 h after treatment. at 1 and 2 h after treatment, resistant horn flies had significantly higher internal levels of radioactivity (permethrin plus metabolites) compared with adults of the susceptible strain. analysis of the internal extracts by thin-layer chromatography indicated no differences in the levels of permethrin. ... | 1990 | 2376635 |
| chronology of permethrin resistance in a southern illinois population of the horn fly (diptera: muscidae) during and after selection by pyrethroid use. | from 1985 through 1988, horn flies (haematobia irritans (l)) collected at the dixon springs agricultural center (dsac) in southern illinois were tested in 22 h bioassays for permethrin resistance with residues on cotton cloths. the lc90 for a susceptible field population collected in june 1985 was 0.19 micrograms/cm2. in comparison, flies collected from pyrethroid-tagged cattle in 1985 and 1986 exhibited 25- to 116-fold resistance to permethrin. a 25-fold level of resistance allowed survival on ... | 1990 | 2376637 |
| azadirachtin as a larvicide against the horn fly, stable fly, and house fly (diptera: muscidae). | effects of azadirachtin, a triterpenoid extracted from neem seed, azadirachta indica a. juss., were similar to those of insect growth regulators against the immature stages of the born fly, haematobia irritans (l.), the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), and the house fly, musca domestica l. when an ethanolic extract of ground seed was blended into cow manure, lc50 and lc90's for larval horn flies were 0.096 and 0.133 ppm azadirachtin, respectively. an emulsifiable concentrate (ec) had an lc5 ... | 1989 | 2600264 |
| control of lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae) on spanish goats and white-tailed deer with orally administered ivermectin. | ivermectin administered orally to spanish goats, capra hircus (l.), or to white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), was highly effective against lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.). for spanish goats, daily oral doses of 20 micrograms/kg resulted in greater than or equal to 2 ppb ivermectin in the blood. this level was sufficient to cause greater than 95% reduction of estimated larvae from feeding ticks. a bioassay with horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), was developed to e ... | 1989 | 2607030 |
| walk-through trap for control of horn flies (diptera: muscidae) on pastured cattle. | a walk-through fly trap designed in 1938 by w. g. bruce was tested for two field seasons in missouri. screened elements along both sides of the device functioned as cone traps, thereby catching horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), as they were swept from cattle by strips of carpet hung from the roof. horn fly control on pastured cattle averaged 54 and 73% when they were afforded access to the trap. analyses of diptera captured in the trap indicated that horn flies comprised the most abundant sp ... | 1989 | 2708630 |
| role of insects in the transmission of bovine leukosis virus: potential for transmission by stable flies, horn flies, and tabanids. | the ability of stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), horn flies (haematobia irritans), and tabanids (diptera: tabanidae) to transmit bovine leukosis virus (blv) was investigated. stable flies and horn flies were fed on blood collected from an infected cow, and the flies' mouthparts were immediately removed, placed in rpmi-1640 medium, ground, and inoculated into sheep and calves. infection of sheep occurred with mouthparts from as few as 25 stable flies or 25 horn flies. however, sheep were not in ... | 1985 | 2982293 |
| control of horn flies on cattle with insecticide pellets fired from a co2-operated pistol. | a method is needed to control pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (haematobia irritans) which would involve the intermittent application of insecticides to cattle without their confinement for treatment. our objective was to test a co2 gas-operated pistol, designed to shoot marking pellets, to determine the number of pellet applications required to obtain season-long control. also, since horn fly resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is widespread, we tested ten other insecticides as concentrates in ... | 1988 | 3176301 |
| clinical evaluation of insecticide-impregnated tags attached to chains and used as backrubbers for control of haematobia irritans. | fenvalerate and permethrin insecticide tags were tested for horn fly (haemotobia irritans) control. three fenvalerate-impregnated ear tags attached to a chain and used as a backrubber controlled horn flies on steers for 8 weeks, and six tags provided 18 weeks control. ten tags impregnated with permethrin failed to control horn flies. the choice of insecticide in tags attached to chains and used as backrubbers for horn fly control may be important, as fenvalerate and permethrin (both pyrethroids) ... | 1986 | 3564334 |
| physiological and nutritional response of beef steers to combined infestations of horn fly and stable fly (diptera: muscidae). | | 1987 | 3571696 |
| horn fly (diptera: muscidae) dispersal among cattle herds. | | 1987 | 3584636 |
| effects of horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control on cows and gastrointestinal worm (nematode: trichostrongylidae) treatment for calves on cow and calf weight gains. | | 1987 | 3584642 |
| effect of cattle breed and flucythrinate-impregnated ear tags on horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control on yearling heifers. | | 1987 | 3693665 |
| survival of permethrin-susceptible, resistant, and f1 hybrid strains of haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) on ear-tagged steers. | | 1987 | 3693670 |
| phenology of horn fly populations (diptera: muscidae) in iowa, usa. | | 1986 | 3701803 |
| the distribution and prevalence of stephanofilariasis in cattle in queensland. | a total of 10,543 cattle from 1,386 farms throughout queensland was examined at abattoirs and the presence of stephanofilarial lesions was related to property of origin, sex, breed, and age of the slaughtered cattle and season of slaughter. the mean prevalence was 38% and within the infected area this varied from less than 5% in south east queensland to 95% on cape york peninsula. the prevalence of lesions was higher in bulls than in steers [corrected] and was least in cows [corrected]. bos indi ... | 1986 | 3741275 |
| physiological and nutritional response of beef steers to infestations of the horn fly (diptera: muscidae). | | 1986 | 3745628 |
| inheritance and effective dominance of pyrethroid resistance in the horn fly (diptera: muscidae). | | 1986 | 3771907 |
| the southward spread of buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) in eastern australia and its survival through a severe winter. | the southward spread of buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) in coastal eastern australia from bororen, queensland in 1974 to coffs harbour, new south wales in 1982 is documented. surveys after a cold, dry winter in 1982 recorded overwintering sites and subsequent spread of flies in southern queensland and northern new south wales. buffalo fly overwintered at several places in the maryborough-bauple districts and further north. overwintering also occurred in the currumbin valley-mudgeeraba a ... | 1985 | 3834900 |
| systemic activity of closantel for control of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), on cattle. | cattle were treated once at 5 mg/kg orally or subcutaneously or daily at 0.1-5 mg/kg orally or 0.1-1 mg/kg subcutaneously with closantel, n-[5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3, 5-diiodobenzamide, and numbers and weights of engorged females, weights of egg masses and hatch of eggs of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum, were recorded. effectiveness of treatments on reproduction was determined by comparing total estimated larvae (el) (el = wt. egg mass x est. % ... | 1985 | 3870959 |
| laboratory evaluation of an exotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni to horn fly larvae (diptera: muscidae) and mice. | | 1985 | 4008744 |
| interaction of pesticidal toxicity, parasites, and reversible anticholinesterase activity as stresses on growth rate in cattle infested with horn flies haematobia irritans l. | | 1973 | 4714334 |
| cost and effectiveness of horn fly and face fly control programs in semi-isolated range herds in central missouri. | | 1973 | 4736351 |
| horn fly: use of insecticides to disrupt life cycle. | | 1973 | 4747961 |
| evaluation of dust bags for horn fly control on cattle. | | 1972 | 5016669 |
| aerial ulv and lv applications of insecticides for control of the stable fly and the horn fly. | | 1971 | 5122334 |
| further tests of aerial applications of ulv organic phosphate insecticides for controlling the horn fly in south dakota. | | 1970 | 5508365 |
| horn fly control with coumaphos. | | 1968 | 5680751 |
| ultra-low-volume application of insecticides to cattle for control of the horn fly. | | 1968 | 5723763 |
| ultraviolet irradiation of cattle in relation to diapause in the horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.) (diptera: muscidae). | | 1965 | 5867935 |
| development of stephanofilaria stilesi in the horn fly. | | 1966 | 5926644 |
| preliminary report on the larval development of the horn fly, haematobia irritans, in feces from cattle given fractions of a commercial preparation of bacillus thuringiensis. | | 1966 | 5944662 |
| influence of monensin on the performance of cattle. | performance data on nearly 16,000 head of cattle that were used in trials to document effects of monensin on feedlot cattle were summarized. cattle fed monensin-containing diets gained 1.6% faster, consumed 6.4% less feed and required 7.5% less feed/100 kg gain than cattle fed control diets. monensin resulted in the greatest improvement in feed/gain at 2.9 mcal metabolizable energy (me)/kg diet dry matter (dm). within the range of monensin concentrations used in the trials that were summarized ( ... | 1984 | 6378865 |
| chin-ball application of permethrin to cows for horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control. | | 1984 | 6480976 |
| horn fly attack in scotland. | | 1984 | 6523708 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the dipteran haematobia irritans. | a strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be larvicidal to horn flies, haematobia irritans (l. [diptera:muscidae]). the toxic activity was particulate, appeared during sporulation, and could be prevented by the addition of streptomycin before sporulation. density gradient centrifugation in renografin was used to separate endospores, crystals, and low-density particulate matter (fraction 3) from sporulated preparations. larvicidal activity was restricted to purified cryst ... | 1984 | 6742837 |
| horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control on beef cows with permethrin-impregnated ear tags and effect on subsequent calf weight gains. | | 1984 | 6747083 |
| controlling horn fly (diptera: muscidae) in cow-calf herds with insecticide-impregnated ear tag treatments of nursing calves. | | 1983 | 6826883 |
| horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control on cattle with insecticide ear tags attached to backrubbers and dust bags. | | 1983 | 6826884 |
| efficacy of monensin as a cattle feed additive against the face fly and horn fly. | four groups of eight hereford and hereford crossbred steers were monitored for the efficacy of monensin as a feed additive against the face fly and horn fly. groups were assigned randomly to 3-ha grass-clover pastures. two groups were supplemented with 1.1 kg ground corn/head daily (untreated), while the remaining groups were given 1.1 kg ground corn containing 100 mg monensin for 14 d and 200 mg monensin/head daily for the remainder of the 112-d trial. fresh feces were collected from four steer ... | 1982 | 7107531 |
| cyhalothrin--a novel acaricidal and insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid for the control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and the buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua). | cyhalothrin, a novel synthetic pyrethroid, was evaluated for control of the major resistant strains of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and for control of the buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) on cattle. in regulated treatment trials with 0.007% cyhalothrin, greater than 99% control of the biarra, mackay, mt alford, ddt resistant and ulam cattle tick strains was obtained. protective-period trials were conducted in which animals which had been sprayed with 0.007% cyhalothrin then rece ... | 1982 | 7165598 |
| effects of monensin on development of the face fly and the horn fly. | | 1980 | 7229187 |
| diseases of cattle in the solomon islands. | between 1967 and 1977 a study was made of diseases of cattle in the solomon islands. tuberculosis was found in only 3 herds and was eradicated by 1975. brucellosis serology revealed very few reactors and by 1977 the herds involved were considered free of the disease. significant serological reactions were found to leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo, autumnalis and jez-bratislava. there was evidence that infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and mucosal disease were present. seventeen par ... | 1980 | 7247885 |
| face fly and horn fly reduction on cattle with fenvalerate ear tags. | | 1981 | 7276362 |
| [horn fly (muscidae) fauna and ecology in the area of the baikal-amur mainline]. | 4 species of horn flies were recorded from the territory of the baikal-amur railway: stomoxys calcitrans, haematobia stimulans, lyperosia irritans and lyperosia titillans. the autumn horn fly was found to be most widespread and dangerous. it was especially abundant in priamurje, in the zone of the monsoon climate, where it behaves as a typical pasture species. the behaviour, daily and seasonal dynamics and flight duration (90 to 150 days) of horn flies changes noticeably depending on natural con ... | 1981 | 7279439 |
| use of insecticide-impregnated ear tags for the control of face flies and horn-flies on pastured cattle. | three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated ear tags in controlling face flies, musca autumnalis degeer, and horn flies, haematobia irritans (linn.), on pastured beef cattle. in one 16-week trial, polyvinyl chloride (pvc) ear tags treated with stirofos (rabon) insecticide reduced horn fly numbers by 79% (p less than .05) and face fly numbers by 30% (p less than .05). coumaphos (co-ral) insecticide dust bags used in a separate herd produced an 86% (p less ... | 1981 | 7319964 |
| stirofos impregnated cattle ear tags at four rates for horn fly control. | | 1980 | 7381111 |
| a field trial to determine the effect of fly control using permethrin on milk yields in dairy cattle in the uk. | permethrin, applied by knapsack sprayer or spray arch, was used to control flies on cattle in two dairy herds in the united kingdom. the spray washes were applied at nominal rates of 0.5 litre of 0.1 per cent permethrin per animal and 1.0 litre of 0.05 per cent permethrin per animal respectively. the individual milk yields of two groups of cows were recorded before and after treatment. in both cases there was a significant increase in milk yield after treatment. the mean yield per cow per day du ... | 1980 | 7445328 |
| field trials to assess the efficacy of permethrin for the control of flies on cattle. | permethrin [3-phenoxybenzyl (+/-) cis, trans--2,2dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylate], a new synthetic pyrethroid, was applied to cattle on farms in the united kingdom to assess its efficacy in fly control under field conditions. when 250 ml 0.1 per cent permethrin was applied to the backs of cattle using a knapsack sprayer, adequate control of horn flies, haematobia irritans, was achieved for over three weeks. application of 500 ml 0.1 per cent all over each animal gave on ... | 1980 | 7445329 |
| antibody responses in cattle infested with haematobia irritans irritans (diptera: muscidae). | antibody response to feeding by the horn fly, haematobia irritans irritans (l.), was measured in naturally infested cattle as well as in controlled infestations. humoral antibody level was not correlated with fly abundance in natural infestations. correlations between the antibody response and fly abundance were extremely variable among animals. antibody response to horn fly salivary antigens peaked within 4 wk after fly abundance reached 150 flies per animal. in controlled infestations, antibod ... | 1995 | 7473617 |
| status of haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) insecticide resistance in northeastern mexico. | horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), populations in northeastern mexico were surveyed for resistance to fenvalerate and coumaphos. compared with a susceptible strain of horn flies, resistance levels among field populations for the pyrethroid, fenvalerate, ranged from 36 to 199 times at the ld50 level, indicating that horn fly control with pyrethroids would be unsatisfactory. resistance to the organophosphate compound, coumaphos, was less evident, with flies at only 1 of 5 locations showing levels ... | 1995 | 7473628 |
| recent horizontal transfer of a mariner transposable element among and between diptera and neuroptera. | transposable elements of the mariner family are widespread among insects and other invertebrates, and initial analyses of their relationships indicated frequent occurrence of horizontal transfers between hosts. a specific pcr assay was used to screen for additional members of the irritans subfamily of mariners in more than 400 arthropod species. phylogenetic analysis of cloned pcr fragments indicated that relatively recent horizontal transfers had occurred into the lineages of a fruit fly drosop ... | 1995 | 7476131 |
| mariner transposase-like sequences from the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor. | transposable genetic elements are assumed to be a feature of all eukaryotic genomes. they can serve as vectors in gene transfer systems and as mutagenic agents for isolation of genes. until recently their identification has been primarily limited to organisms subjected to extensive genetic or molecular study. the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), is an agriculturally important pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in the united states and other parts of the world. we assessed the presence ... | 1995 | 7560872 |
| a survey of cattle producers in the boophilus microplus endemic area of queensland to determine attitudes to the control of and vaccination against tick fever. | a survey by mail was used to determine the views of beef producers in the boophilus microplus endemic area of queensland on the control of and vaccination against tick fever. data from 448 questionnaires were analysed, representing 2.7% of beef producers in the survey area. producers considered buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) infestation as the most important problem whereas tick fever ranked sixth overall. private veterinarians were regarded as the most important source of information ... | 1995 | 7611988 |
| biology and control of tabanids, stable flies and horn flies. | tabanids are among the most free-living adult flies which play a role as livestock pests. a single blood meal is used as a source of energy for egg production (100-1,000 eggs per meal), and females of certain species can oviposit before a blood meal is obtained (autogeny). therefore, the maintenance of annual populations requires successful oviposition by only 2% of females. wild animal blood sources are usually available to maintain annual tabanid populations. larval habitats are also independe ... | 1994 | 7711307 |
| insecticides and acaricides: resistance and environmental impact. | insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of haematobia irritans irritans, h. irritans exigua and lucilia cuprina. similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host boophilus ticks to all currently-used organophosphate-carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and amidines. resistance in multi-host ticks is less widespre ... | 1994 | 7711312 |
| current research to develop the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis for horn fly control. | bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (bti) has been shown to produce at least two sporulation-specific proteins which result in larvicidal activity when incorporated in bioassays against horn flies (haematobia irritans l.). development of a new control technology for horn flies based on bti appears to be feasible through the use of recombinant dna technology. substantial work remains however, to develop new research tools and techniques for this application. | 1994 | 7765154 |
| horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control and weight gains of yearling beef cattle. | horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), populations were controlled on yearling cattle (n = 246) during the grazing season at moderate levels (68% control) with the use of organophosphate- and pyrethroid-impregnated ear tags. weight gains of treated cattle during the 3-yr period were 17% greater than for untreated cattle. results from this study demonstrated that yearling cattle of 25 or 50% brahman, bos indicus, breeding responded with improved animal performance in louisiana when moderate horn fly ... | 1995 | 7769150 |
| isolation and characterization of a trypsin-like enzyme from the buffalo fly, haematobia irritans exigua. | the incorporation of soybean trypsin inhibitor (sbti) into the diet of the buffalo fly, haematobia irritans exigua (de meijere), results in increased mortality and reduced fecundity. a trypsin-like enzyme which binds to sbti was isolated by affinity chromatography on a sepharose-sbti column followed by ion-exchange chromatography. the enzyme was inhibited by benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, ovomucoid, leupeptin and alpha-2 macroglobulin. the enzyme was not inhibited by edta or p-chlor ... | 1995 | 7787218 |
| blood meal manipulation and in vitro colony maintenance of haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae). | a series of experiments was conducted to determine survival and reproductive potential of haematobia irritans (l.) adults that were fed sodium citrated-bovine blood diluted with deionized water, 0.5 m glucose, or 0.15 m sodium chloride (nacl), or supplemented with adenosine triphosphate (atp). reproductive potential, measured by total number of larvae produced per female during 10-d experimental periods, improved when adult h. irritans were fed blood diluted by < 22% with deionized water, nacl, ... | 1994 | 7815399 |
| serum constituent profiles of beef heifers infested with horn flies (diptera: muscidae). | nine yearling crossbred beef heifers, bos taurus l., were used to examine physiological responses to horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), infestation. heifers were stanchioned indoors in individual environmentally controlled rooms. on day 0, each animal received 0, 500, or 1,000 horn flies. fly numbers were adjusted daily to maintain an appropriate infestation for each heifer. feed intake, respiration rate, and rectal temperature was recorded daily. in addition, blood samples were collected from ... | 1994 | 7836615 |
| effect of horn fly (diptera: muscidae) control during the spring on calf production by fall-calving beef cows. | in the spring of three consecutive years, horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), populations on fall-calving cows were reduced 82% for a 12-wk period using pyrethroid-impregnated ear tags. horn fly populations on control cows exceeded 200 flies per animal for an average of 6 wk. although the weights of cows and calves and body condition scores of both control and treated groups varied from year to year, a year x treatment effect (p < 0.01) on cow and calf weight gain was observed. however, differen ... | 1995 | 7884078 |
| relationship of horn fly to face fly infestation in beef cattle. | horn fly and face fly counts (n = 394) taken on 194 beef cows representing seven breed groups were used to determine the effects of horn fly and face fly counts. breed groups included were angus (ani and anii), chianina (ca), charolais (ch), hereford (hh), polled hereford (ph), and red poll (rp). the breed group designated ani consisted of small-framed cows. total horn fly and total face fly counts were determined weekly on each cow beginning in may and ending in late october or early november i ... | 1994 | 8002446 |
| plasma characteristics of beef cattle classified as resistant or susceptible to horn flies. | horn flies inflict economic losses on cattle producers. therefore, the objective of this study was to identify a serological marker for cows that are innately resistant to horn flies. plasma characteristics (optical density, cortisol, and protein pattern) were studied in beef cattle classified (cow-type) as horn fly resistant or susceptible. cows (n = 30) of five breed groups were used in this study. cows were bled via jugular venipuncture in may (the beginning of the horn fly season). plasma op ... | 1994 | 8014152 |
| an attempt to transmit anaplasma marginale by buffalo flies (haematobia irritans exigua). | | 1994 | 8048908 |
| moxidectin: pharmacokinetics and activity against horn flies (diptera: muscidae) and trichostrongyle nematode egg production. | the concentration of moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone endectocide, in the blood serum of cattle resulting from single and daily subcutaneous injections and oral dosing was determined as a function of time. when given as a single subcutaneous (sc) injection, the drug peaked between 4 and 6 h post-treatment. as a single oral dose, the peak serum level occurred at 1 day post-treatment. daily sc injections and oral doses resulted in a gradual increase in blood serum level over the 21 days of treatm ... | 1994 | 8091610 |
| ivermectin cattle pour-on: duration of a single late spring treatment against horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) in missouri, usa. | late spring treatment of cattle with a single dose of pour-on ivermectin (0.5 mg kg-1 body weight) resulted in reduced horn fly populations for approximately 6 weeks, with percentage efficacy exceeding 80% for at least 26 days post-treatment. bioassay with house flies of dung from treated cattle demonstrated suppression of fly emergence for 11 days post-treatment. the subsequent increase in horn fly numbers on the treated herd was predicted by a developmental rate equation interpreted by the tim ... | 1993 | 8128583 |
| efficacy of brahman breeding in the management of insecticide-resistant horn flies (diptera: muscidae) on beef cattle. | the efficacy of brahman breeding used as an alternative tactic to manage insecticide-resistant populations of adult horn flies, haematobia irritans irritans (l.), was determined. concentration-mortality bioassays done at booneville and hope, ar, in 1988 and 1989, respectively, showed that horn fly populations were resistant to diazinon, pirimiphos methyl, tetrachlorvinphos, and methoxychlor. data showed loss of field efficacy for coumaphos and delnav. mean horn fly counts on braham cows were sig ... | 1994 | 8144749 |
| enhanced diazinon susceptibility in pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (diptera: muscidae): potential for insecticide resistance management. | dose-mortality data from 40 horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), populations revealed that susceptibility to permethrin and diazinon was negatively correlated (i.e., as susceptibility to permethrin decreased, toxicity of diazinon increased). permethrin-resistant horn fly populations exposed for 18 wk to cattle tagged with ear tags impregnated with 20% (ai) diazinon resulted in a 2- to 6-fold reduction in this resistance. these populations also had lc50s for diazinon that were two to five times lo ... | 1993 | 8254132 |
| an outbreak of vampire bat bite in a brazilian village. | an outbreak of 26 cases of vampire bat bite in one month in the rural area of honorópolis, a brazilian village, is reported. all patients were bitten during the night, when they were asleep, and most bites were on their toes. no complication attributed to the bite was reported. the patients were given prophylactic antirabies serum and rabies vaccine. control of the outbreak was achieved by visiting bat roosting sites, smearing captured vampire bats (desmodus rotundus) with a paste of 2% warfarin ... | 1993 | 8256101 |
| haematobia irritans in argentina. | | 1993 | 8337805 |
| a family of serine protease genes expressed in adult buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua). | gene fragments encoding serine proteases expressed in adult buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) were amplified from cdna using generic oligonucleotide pcr primers, based on conserved residues surrounding the active-site his and ser amino acids found in all serine proteases. the pcr product consisted of a broad band extending from about 450 bp to 520 bp, which suggested that the pcr product actually consisted of numerous dna fragments of slightly variable sizes. seventeen independent clones ... | 1993 | 8341258 |
| the efficacy of ivermectin topically applied to cattle for control of adult buffalo flies (haematobia irritans exigua). | | 1993 | 8343097 |
| replacement times, storage, and vertebrate host source of blood for in vitro feeding of haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) adults. | studies were conducted to determine optimum replacement intervals, storage times, and vertebrate source of blood used to feed haematobia irritans (l.) adults in vitro. feeding success was measured by the total number of larvae produced per female during 10-d experimental periods which combined adult female survival, egg production, and egg hatch. the number of larvae per female was reduced significantly when blood replacement intervals were increased from 24 to 48 h; however, blood replacement i ... | 1993 | 8360899 |