| quantitative analysis of genetic differentiation among european and chilean strains of drosophila subobscura. | an analysis of the interpopulational differences observed between four european and four chilean stocks of drosophila subobscura, with regard to wing size, egg-to-adult development time and preadult viability, shows highly significant differences between the eight stocks irrespective of the continent from which the flies are derived. the divergence of the local populations with regard to the quantitative traits described here, supplements other evidence of interpopulational differences in mating ... | 1991 | 1917550 |
| genetic load in northern populations of drosophila subobscura. | o-chromosomes were sampled from two natural populations in finland, one population in sweden and one population from spain. viability was assessed using the va/ba balanced lethal strain. the genetic load for lethals and semilethals was 0.165/0.065 in helsinki and 0.151/0.101 in tvärminne, finland; 0.309/0.118 in gävle, sweden and 0.351/0.112 in barcelona, spain. with the exception of the gävle population, the results confirm the general picture that marginal populations are characterized by ligh ... | 1990 | 2211181 |
| chromosomal polymorphism in drosophila subobscura at different elevations in central chile. | samples of d. subobscura were collected at four localities, one at sea level and the three others at 620 m, 1,016 m and 1900 m elevation in the pre-andean zone of central chile, where the species is very abundant since its first detection in 1978. cytogenetic analysis were performed on f1 larvae resulting from laboratory crosses of wild males and homozygous virgin females for all the chromosomal arrangements. the observed frequencies of homozygotes and heterozygotes for 19 different gene arrange ... | 1987 | 3505224 |
| [studies of chromosome structure polymorphism in asia minor and persian populations of drosophila subobscura coll]. | | 1967 | 5586535 |
| association between allelic isozyme alleles and chromosomal arrangements in european populations and chilean colonizers of drosophila subobscura. | | 1983 | 6354982 |
| tissular distribution of heteroplasmy and ultrastructural studies of mitochondria from a drosophila subobscura mitochondrial deletion mutant. | a mutant strain of drosophila subobscura possesses two mitochondrial genome types: a minority population (20%) identical to the wild strain mtdna (15.9 kb), and a largely predominant population (80%) of shorter genomes (10.9 kb), presenting a deletion of more than 30% of its coding region. study of tissular distribution of heteroplasmy shows it to be identical--about 80%--in the head (nervous tissue) and thorax (muscles). on the other hand, a lower percentage (64%) is observed in the ovaries. th ... | 1994 | 8054882 |
| p1 clones from drosophila melanogaster as markers to study the chromosomal evolution of muller's a element in two species of the obscura group of drosophila. | thirty p1 clones from the x chromosome (muller's a element) of drosophila melanogaster were cross-hybridized in situ to drosophila subobscura and drosophila pseudoobscura polytene chromosomes. an additional recombinant phage lambda dsuby was also used as a marker. twenty-three (77%) of the p1 clones gave positive hybridization on d. pseudoobscura chromosomes but only 16 (53%) did so with those of d. subobscura. eight p1 clones gave more than one hybridization signal on d. pseudoobscura and/or d. ... | 1995 | 8585990 |
| time-series analysis of seasonal changes of the o inversion polymorphism of drosophila subobscura. | we have studied seasonal variation (spring, early summer, last summer and autumn) of inversion polymorphisms of the o chromosome of drosophila subobscura in a natural population over 15 years. the length of the study allowed us to investigate the temporal behavior (short-term seasonal changes and long-term directional trends) of the o arrangements by the powerful statistical method of time series analysis. it is shown that the o inversion polymorphisms varied on two different time scales: short- ... | 1996 | 8770595 |
| population genetic structure and colonization sequence of drosophila subobscura in the canaries and madeira atlantic islands as inferred by autosomal, sex-linked and mtdna traits. | the genetic structure in atlantic islands and continental populations of drosophila subobscura has been studied using autosomal and sex-linked allozymes and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes. from the data it is deduced that whereas the canary islands have long been isolated, the neighboring island of madeira has been subjected to continuous migration from the mainland. in addition, sex-linked allozymes and mtdna data show a large divergence between the geologically younger western islands of ... | 1997 | 9099006 |
| long-term changes in the chromosomal inversion polymorphism of drosophila subobscura. i. mediterranean populations from southwestern europe. | the chromosomal polymorphism of seven mediterranean populations of drosophila subobscura has been compared with that of the same populations collected 26 to 35 years ago. significant latitudinal clines for the frequencies of a(st), e(st), o(st). and u(st) chromosomal arrangements have been detected in the old and new samples. standard gene arrangements are frequent in the north and decrease in frequency towards the south. significant negative regression coefficients between latitude and transfor ... | 2002 | 12038540 |
| fitness and life-history traits of the two major mitochondrial dna haplotypes of drosophila subobscura. | mitochondrial dna restriction site analyses on natural populations of drosophila subobscura have proved the existence of two common, coexisting haplotypes (i and ii), as well as a set of less frequent ones derived from them. to explain this distribution, experiments to date point practically to all possible genetic mechanisms being involved in the changes of gene frequencies (cytonuclear coadaptation, direct natural selection on mtdna and genetic drift). in an attempt to find differences that he ... | 2004 | 15241444 |
| swift laboratory thermal evolution of wing shape (but not size) in drosophila subobscura and its relationship with chromosomal inversion polymorphism. | latitudinal clinal variation in wing size and shape has evolved in north american populations of drosophila subobscura within about 20 years since colonization. while the size cline is consistent to that found in original european populations (and globally in other drosophila species), different parts of the wing have evolved on the two continents. this clearly suggests that 'chance and necessity' are simultaneously playing their roles in the process of adaptation. we report here rapid and consi ... | 2004 | 15271084 |
| diversification and independent evolution of troponin c genes in insects. | troponin c (tpnc), the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin regulatory complex in the muscle thin filament, is encoded by multiple genes in insects. to understand how tpnc genes have evolved, we characterized the gene number and structure in a number of insect species. the tpnc gene complement is five genes in drosophilidae as previously reported for d. melanogaster. gene structures are almost identical in d. pseudoobscura, d. suboboscura, and d. virilis. developmental patterns of expression ... | 2005 | 15696366 |
| changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: the case of drosophila subobscura from apatin (serbia). | in this study, chromosomal inversion polymorphism data for a natural population of drosophila subobscura from a swampy region near the town of apatin (serbia) were compared with data for the same population collected approximately 15 years earlier. the pattern of chromosomal inversion polymorphism changed over time. there were significant increases in the frequency of characteristic southern latitude ("warm" adapted) chromosomal arrangements and significant decreases in the frequency of characte ... | 2011 | 21931524 |
| [studies on the sexual activity of drosophila subobscura collin]. | | 2002 | 4656307 |
| cytological localization and organization of dispersed middle repetitive dna sequences of drosophila subobscura. | to study the middle repetitive fraction of the drosophila subobscura genome, 26 phage clones containing repetitive sequences were examined by southern dna blot analysis and by in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes. these results led to a classification of the clones according to five different types of hybridization patterns. two types, each containing seven clones, are characterized by hybridization at 100 to 300 sites dispersed over the euchromatic parts of the chromosome band. one of ... | 2008 | 2612293 |
| genetic analysis of the light dependence of courtship in drosophila subobscura. | | 2013 | 3838070 |
| laboratory selection quickly erases historical differentiation. | the roles of history, chance and selection have long been debated in evolutionary biology. though uniform selection is expected to lead to convergent evolution between populations, contrasting histories and chance events might prevent them from attaining the same adaptive state, rendering evolution somewhat unpredictable. the predictability of evolution has been supported by several studies documenting repeatable adaptive radiations and convergence in both nature and laboratory. however, other s ... | 2014 | 24788553 |
| is genome size influenced by colonization of new environments in dipteran species? | genome size differences are usually attributed to the amplification and deletion of various repeated dna sequences, including transposable elements (tes). because environmental changes may promote modifications in the amount of these repeated sequences, it has been postulated that when a species colonizes new environments this could be followed by an increase in its genome size. we tested this hypothesis by estimating the genome size of geographically distinct populations of drosophila ananassae ... | 2005 | 15723678 |
| amyrel, a paralogous gene of the amylase gene family in drosophila melanogaster and the sophophora subgenus. | we describe a gene from drosophila melanogaster related to the alpha-amylase gene amy. this gene, which exists as a single copy, was named amyrel. it is strikingly divergent from amy because the amino acid divergence is 40%. the coding sequence is interrupted by a short intron at position 655, which is unusual in amylase genes. amyrel has also been cloned in drosophila ananassae, drosophila pseudoobscura, and drosophila subobscura and is likely to be present throughout the sophophora subgenus, b ... | 1998 | 9618501 |
| a time series of evolution in action: a latitudinal cline in wing size in south american drosophila subobscura. | drosophila subobscura is geographically widespread in the old world. around the late 1970s, it was accidentally introduced into both south and north america, where it spread rapidly over broad latitudinal ranges. this invading species offers opportunities to study the speed and predictability of trait evolution on a geographic scale. one trait of special interest is body size, which shows a strong and positive latitudinal cline in many drosophila species, including old world d. subobscura. surve ... | 2004 | 15154553 |
| phylogeography of drosophila subobscura from north atlantic islands inferred from mtdna a+t rich region sequences. | | 2004 | 15012961 |
| seasonal cycles of allozyme-by-chromosomal-inversion gametic disequilibrium in drosophila subobscura. | allozyme loci are frequently found non randomly associated to the chromosomal inversions in which they are included in drosophila. two opposite views compete to explain strong allozyme-by-inversion gametic disequilibria: they result from natural selection or, conversely, merely represent remnants of associations accidentally established at the origin of inversions. empirical efforts aimed at deciding between adaptive and historical scenarios have focused on the spatial distribution of disequilib ... | 2003 | 12778553 |
| relationship between chromosomal polymorphism and wing size in a natural population of drosophila subobscura. | chromosomal polymorphism and wing size (as a measure of body size) were analysed simultaneously in two samples of drosophila subobscura from barcelona, spain. the very rich chromosomal polymorphism of this species makes it difficult to detect the relationship of this polymorphism with any phenotypical character. however, a positive significant regression of wing size on the percentage of the autosome length with standard arrangement was found. furthermore, for each polymorphic chromosome, except ... | 2002 | 12440570 |
| fish mapping of microsatellite loci from drosophila subobscura and its comparison to related species. | microsatellites are highly polymorphic markers that are distributed through all the genome being more abundant in non-coding regions. whether they are neutral or under selection, these markers if localized can be used as co-dominant molecular markers to explore the dynamics of the evolutionary processes. their cytological localization can allow identifying genes under selection, inferring recombination from a genomic point of view, or screening for the genomic reorganizations occurring during th ... | 2010 | 20198419 |
| geographic differentiation in the house fly estimated by microsatellite and mitochondrial variation. | gene flow over very large geographic scales has been investigated in few species. examples include drosophila melanogaster, drosophila subobscura, drosophila simulans, and the mediterranean fruit fly (ceratitis capitata). the cosmopolitan house fly, a highly vagile, fecund, colonizing species offers an additional exemplar. genotypes at seven microsatellite loci were scored in 14 widely separated natural house fly populations from the nearctic, neotropics, afrotropics, palearctic, and asia. allel ... | 2008 | 16135710 |
| nucleotide variation at the yellow gene region is not reduced in drosophila subobscura: a study in relation to chromosomal polymorphism. | in contrast to drosophila melanogaster and drosophila simulans, the yellow (y) gene region of drosophila subobscura is not located in a region with a strong reduction in recombination. in addition, this gene maps very close to the breakpoints of different inversions that segregate as polymorphic in natural populations of d. subobscura. therefore, levels of variation at the y gene region in this species relative to those found in d. melanogaster and d. simulans may be affected not only by the cha ... | 2000 | 11110911 |
| linkage disequilibria between mtdna haplotypes and chromosomal arrangements in a natural population of drosophila subobscura. | the association between mtdna haplotypes and chromosomal arrangements in a natural population of drosophila subobscura from calvia (balearic islands, spain) was studied in order to search for linkage disequilibria, in an attempt to explain the populational dynamics of the mtdna haplotypes of this species in nature. the presence of wolbachia was not detected. two main haplotypes (i and ii) were found, as well as a series of less common ones. the tajima d-test seemed to indicate some kind of seaso ... | 2002 | 12136416 |
| high density of long dinucleotide microsatellites in drosophila subobscura. | we isolated 96 dinucleotide repeats with five or more tandemly repeated units from a subgenomic drosophila subobscura library. the mean repeat unit length of microsatellite clones in d. subobscura is 15, higher than that observed in other drosophila species. population variation was assayed in 32-40 chromosomes from barcelona, spain, using 18 randomly chosen microsatellite loci. positive correlation between measures of variation and perfect repeat length measures (mean size, most common, and lon ... | 2000 | 10908646 |
| mitochondrial dna haplotype frequencies in natural and experimental populations of drosophila subobscura. | the evolution of drosophila subobscura mitochondrial dna has been studied in experimental populations, founded with flies from a natural population from esporles (majorca, balearic islands, spain). this population, like other european ones, is characterized by the presence of two very common (>96%) mitochondrial haplotypes (called i and ii) and rare and endemic haplotypes that appear at very low frequencies. there is no statistical evidence of positive darwinian selection acting on the mitochond ... | 1998 | 9649527 |
| ultrastructure of regions containing homologous loci in polytene chromosomes of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila subobscura. | we have used a new approach involving in situ hybridisation and electron microscopy to establish ultrastructural homologies between polytene chromosome regions of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila subobscura. twelve probes were chosen to cover all the chromosomal elements: the myospheroid gene, the collagen type iv gene, the collagen-like gene, the w26 homeobox gene, the beta3 tubulin gene, the kinesin heavy chain gene, the tryptophan hydrolase gene, the hsp82, hsp22-26 and hsp23-28, hsp68, ... | 1998 | 9601980 |
| simple strategy for sequencing cdna clones. | we describe a simple method for constructing subclones containing overlapping nested deletions from cdna clones (both lambda phage clones and plasmid clones). a pcr-amplified insert is partially digested with 4-cutter restriction enzyme(s). complete digestion of this dna with two restriction enzymes, having unique cutting sites at one or the other end of the amplified dna, creates two sets of overlapping nested subfragments. when recloned into each of two doubly cut pbluescript plasmid vectors, ... | 1996 | 8879583 |
| postmating reproductive isolation and modification of the 'sex ratio' trait in drosophila subobscura induced by the sex chromosome gene arrangement a2+3+5+7. | drosophila subobscura males were trapped in tunis, and mated to different lab strains. the offspring from 15% of these wild tunisian males consisted of more than 90% females. chromosome analysis showed that these males had carried the a2+3+5+7 which was described as 'sex ratio' chromosome, endemic in north africa and the canary islands. the mean female frequency in the total offspring of all trapped males was 61%. this percentage was stable for more than ten years. f1 females from the mating of ... | 1990 | 2090560 |
| mitochondrial dna variation and genetic structure in old-world populations of drosophila subobscura. | to discover the relation between mitochondrial dna (mtdna) polymorphism and the geographic population structure of drosophila subobscura previously established for other genetic traits, a wide paleartic survey was carried out. a total of 24 nucleomorphs was observed among 261 isofemale lines assayed by 11 restriction endonucleases with 38 different sites in the mtdna cleavage map. the differentiation of the canary islands populations (delta = 0.0119) compared with the mean among all the other co ... | 1990 | 1969605 |
| multiple and diverse structural changes affect the breakpoint regions of polymorphic inversions across the drosophila genus. | chromosomal polymorphism is widespread in the drosophila genus, with extensive evidence supporting its adaptive character in diverse species. moreover, inversions are the major contributors to the genus chromosomal evolution. the molecular characterization of a reduced number of polymorphic inversion breakpoints in drosophila melanogaster and drosophila subobscura supports that their inversions would have mostly originated through a mechanism that generates duplications -staggered double-strand ... | 2016 | 27782210 |
| chill-coma temperature in drosophila: effects of developmental temperature, latitude, and phylogeny. | we modify and apply a nonlethal technique for rapidly quantifying the cold tolerance of large numbers of drosophila and other small insects. flies are transferred to individual vials, cooled in groups in progressive 0.5 degrees c steps, and checked for loss of righting response (chill-coma temperature [t(cc)]). flies recover quickly when transferred to ambient temperature, and thus this technique potentially can be used in selection experiments. we applied this technique in several experiments. ... | 2015 | 11331516 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 april 2013-31 may 2013. | this article documents the addition of 234 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: acipenser sinensis, aleochara bilineata, aleochara bipustulata, barbus meridionalis, colossoma macropomum, delia radicum, drosophila nigrosparsa, fontainea picrosperma, helianthemum cinereum, liomys pictus, megabalanus azoricus, pelteobagrus vachelli, pleuragramma antarcticum, podarcis hispanica type 1a, sardinella brasiliensis and scle ... | 2013 | 23937578 |
| spatial aggregation across ephemeral resource patches in insect communities: an adaptive response to natural enemies? | although an increase in competition is a common cost associated with intraspecific crowding, spatial aggregation across food-limited resource patches is a widespread phenomenon in many insect communities. because intraspecific aggregation of competing insect larvae across, e.show $132#g. fruits, dung, mushrooms etc., is an important means by which many species can coexist (aggregation model of species coexistence), there is a strong need to explore the mechanisms that contribute to the maintenan ... | 2004 | 15232730 |
| temperature and parasitism by asobara tabida (hymenoptera: braconidae) influence larval pupation behaviour in two drosophila species. | in holometabolous insects, pupation site selection behaviour has large consequences for survival. here, we investigated the combined effects of temperature and parasitism by the parasitoid asobara tabida on larval pupation behaviour in two of its main drosophila sp. hosts differing in their climate origin. we found that larvae of drosophila melanogaster--a species with a (sub)tropical origin--placed at 25°c pupated higher in rearing jars than those placed at 15°c. the opposite pattern was observ ... | 2011 | 21681419 |
| mitochondrial dna evolution in the obscura species subgroup of drosophila. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) restriction site maps for nine species of the drosophila obscura subgroup and for drosophila melanogaster were established. taking into account all restriction enzymes (12) and strains (45) analyzed, a total of 105 different sites were detected, which corresponds to a sample of 3.49% of the mtdna genome. based on nucleotide divergences, two phylogenetic trees were constructed assuming either constant or variable rates of evolution. both methods led to the same relations ... | 1990 | 2120450 |
| inversions and adaptation to the plant toxin ouabain shape dna sequence variation within and between chromosomal inversions of drosophila subobscura. | adaptation is defined as an evolutionary process allowing organisms to succeed in certain habitats or conditions. chromosomal inversions have the potential to be key in the adaptation processes, since they can contribute to the maintenance of favoured combinations of adaptive alleles through reduced recombination between individuals carrying different inversions. we have analysed six genes (pif1a, abi, sqd, yrt, atpα and fmr1), located inside and outside three inversions of the o chromosome in e ... | 2016 | 27029337 |
| the effective size of a natural drosophila subobscura population. | the effective size of a natural drosophila subobscura population has been computed by drawing together various pieces of ecological information. the value, for both variance and inbreeding effective numbers, is approximately 400. this is largely due to reductions caused by a winter bottleneck and non-random distributions of family sizes. areas where such estimates might be refined further are pointed out, and the implications of the results are discussed. | 1985 | 268311 |
| mitochondrial dna effects on fitness in drosophila subobscura. | we tested different fitness components on a series of conspecific mtdna haplotypes, detected by rflps in drosophila subobscura. additionally, haplotype viii, endemic to the canary islands, was tested upon its own native nuclear dna background and upon that of the rest of mtdnas tested herein. we found that both nuclear and mitochondrial dna can have a significant effect upon their hosts' fitness, and that negative selection is one of the mechanisms that can intervene in this species' mtdna haplo ... | 2011 | 21364694 |
| molecular population genetics of the obp83 genomic region in drosophila subobscura and d. guanche: contrasting the effects of natural selection and gene arrangement expansion in the patterns of nucleotide variation. | chromosomal inversion polymorphism play a major role in the evolutionary dynamics of populations and species because of their effects on the patterns of genetic variability in the genomic regions within inversions. though there is compelling evidence for the adaptive character of chromosomal polymorphisms, the mechanisms responsible for their maintenance in natural populations is not fully understood. for this type of analysis, drosophila subobscura is a good model species as it has a rich and e ... | 2011 | 20332808 |
| experiments on sexual isolation in drosophila: viii. influence of light on the mating behavior of drosophila subobscura, drosophila persimilis and drosophila pseudoobscura. | | 1946 | 16578209 |
| preadult competition between colonizing populations of drosophila subobscura and established populations of drosophila simulans in chile. | the palearctic species drosophila subobscura was detected for the first time in chile and probably in the americas in 1978. at present, its distribution area extends between 29°54's and 53°40's, where it has become abundant in both domestic and wild environments, depending on the latitude and the season of the year (appearing at maximum frequency in early spring). the seasonal fluctuations of d. subobscura are the inverse of those of d. simulans, which shares the same habitat in certain regions. ... | 1983 | 28310659 |
| the large x-effect on secondary sexual characters and the genetics of variation in sex comb tooth number in drosophila subobscura. | genetic studies of secondary sexual traits provide insights into whether and how selection drove their divergence among populations, and these studies often focus on the fraction of variation attributable to genes on the x-chromosome. however, such studies may sometimes misinterpret the amount of variation attributable to the x-chromosome if using only simple reciprocal f1 crosses, or they may presume sexual selection has affected the observed phenotypic variation. we examined the genetics of a ... | 2017 | 28116050 |
| negative frequency dependent selection on sympatric mtdna haplotypes in drosophila subobscura. | recent experimental evidence for selection on mitochondrial dna (mtdna) has prompted the question as to what processes act to maintain within-population variation in mtdna. balancing selection though negative frequency dependent selection (nfds) among sympatric haplotypes is a possibility, but direct empirical evidence for this is very scarce. | 2016 | 28096777 |
| evolution of chilean colonizing populations of drosophila subobscura: lethal genes and chromosomal arrangements. | knowledge of the frequency, distribution, and fate of lethal genes in chromosomal inversions helps to illuminate the evolution of recently founded populations. we analyze the relationship between lethal genes and inversions in two colonizing populations of d. subobscura in chile. in the ancestral palearctic populations of this species, lethal genes seem distributed at random on chromosomes. but in colonizing american populations, some lethal genes are associated with specific chromosomal arrange ... | 2009 | 18712506 |
| different responses of drosophila subobscura isofemale lines to extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 hz, 0.5 mt): fitness components and locomotor activity. | extremely low frequency (elf) magnetic fields as essential ecological factors may induce specific responses in genetically different lines. the object of this study was to investigate the impact of the elf magnetic field on fitness components and locomotor activity of five drosophila subobscura isofemale (if) lines. | 2017 | 27921519 |
| local adaptation of reproductive performance during thermal stress. | considerable evidence exists for local adaptation of critical thermal limits in ectotherms following adult temperature stress, but fewer studies have tested for local adaptation of sublethal heat stress effects across life-history stages. in organisms with complex life cycles, such as holometabolous insects, heat stress during juvenile stages may severely impact gametogenesis, having downstream consequences on reproductive performance that may be mediated by local adaptation, although this is ra ... | 2017 | 27862539 |
| evolutionary domestication in drosophila subobscura. | the domestication of plants and animals is historically one of the most important topics in evolutionary biology. the evolutionary genetic changes arising from human cultivation are complex because of the effects of such varied processes as continuing natural selection, artificial selection, deliberate inbreeding, genetic drift and hybridization of different lineages. despite the interest of domestication as an evolutionary process, few studies of multicellular sexual species have approached thi ... | 2007 | 17305841 |
| detection of a gypsy-like sequence in the genome of the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (bouché 1835). | the gypsy virus of drosophila melanogaster is the first identified retrovirus of insects. its infectious properties have been reported, and it is able to cause diverse mutations of the phenotype in the fruit fly. as a typical endogenous retrovirus, it is transmitted vertically as part of the host genome, but horizontal transmission has also been shown for the d. melanogaster gypsy virus. using polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers designed from the gypsy element of drosophila subobsc ... | 2007 | 16941190 |
| evolution of mitochondrial dna in drosophila subobscura. | the colonization of the new world by the palearctic species drosophila subobscura was first detected in 1978 in south america and around 1982 in western north america. the ensuing dramatic expansion of the species, in territory as well as numbers, provides an opportunity for studying evolution in a scale rarely possible. we have used 10 restriction endonucleases to analyze the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of individuals from 23 widely dispersed localities. only two mtdna composite morphs have been ... | 1986 | 16578796 |
| convergence to a novel environment: comparative method versus experimental evolution. | laboratory adaptation allows researchers to contrast temporal studies of experimental evolution with comparative studies. the comparative method is here taken to mean the inference of microevolutionary processes from comparisons among contemporaneous populations of diverse origins, from one or multiple species. the data contrasted here come from drosophila subobscura populations that were introduced to the laboratory at several different times and from two different locations. two questions were ... | 2004 | 15341152 |
| clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-mediated mutagenesis and phenotype rescue by piggybac transgenesis in a nonmodel drosophila species. | how behavioural diversity emerged in evolution is an unexplored subject in biology. to tackle this problem, genes and circuits for a behaviour need to be determined in different species for phylogenetic comparisons. the recently developed clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/crispr associated protein9 (crispr/cas9) system made such a challenge possible by providing the means to induce mutations in a gene of interest in any organism. aiming at elucidating diversification in ... | 2016 | 27015359 |
| effect of lead pollution on fitness and its dependence on heterozygosity in drosophila subobscura. | lead is one of the most present contaminants in the environment, and different species respond differently to this type of polution. if combined with genomic stress, lead may act synergistically, causing significant decrease of fitness components. we used two genetically diverse drosophila subobscura populations (regarding both putatively adaptive inversion and microsatellite loci polymorphisms) originating from two ecologically distinct habitats. to establish different levels of genome heterozy ... | 2015 | 26690519 |
| true polyandry and pseudopolyandry: why does a monandrous fly remate? | the rate of female remating can have important impacts on a species, from affecting conflict and cooperation within families, to population viability and gene flow. however, determining the level of polyandry in a species can be difficult, with information on the mating system of many species being based on a single experiment, or completely absent. here we investigate the mating system of the fruit fly drosophila subobscura. reports from england, spain and canada suggest d. subobscura is entire ... | 2013 | 23885723 |
| keeping your options open: maintenance of thermal plasticity during adaptation to a stable environment. | phenotypic plasticity may allow species to cope with environmental variation. the study of thermal plasticity and its evolution helps understanding how populations respond to variation in temperature. in the context of climate change, it is essential to realize the impact of historical differences in the ability of populations to exhibit a plastic response to thermal variation and how it evolves during colonization of new environments. we have analyzed the real-time evolution of thermal reaction ... | 2016 | 26626438 |
| assortative mating and fertility in two drosophila subobscura strains with different mitochondrial dna haplotypes. | the mating pattern and female fertility on the two main mitochondrial dna haplotypes (i and ii) of drosophila subobscura were studied, in an attempt to find possible differences between them in relation to sexual selection or isolation that could explain the populational dynamics and the co-existence of these two strains in nature. the mating pattern indicated an assortative mating in population cages, where couples of the same haplotype, mainly those of haplotype i, mated more often. however, t ... | 2003 | 14686608 |
| perception of male-male competition influences drosophila copulation behaviour even in species where females rarely remate. | males in many taxa are known to exhibit behavioural plasticity in response to the perceived intensity of sperm competition, reflected in drosophila melanogaster by increased copulation duration following prior exposure to a rival. we tested the prediction that males do not adjust their copulation effort in response to the presence of a competitor in drosophila species where there is little or no sperm competition. contrary to expectations, male plasticity in copulation duration was found in both ... | 2012 | 21752815 |
| gypsy homologous sequences in drosophila subobscura (gypsyds). | characterization of sequences homologous to the drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element was carried out in drosophila subobscura (gypsyds). they were found to be widely distributed among natural populations of this species. from southern blot and in situ analyses, these sequences appear to be mobile in this species. gypsyds sequences are located in both euchromatic and heterochromatic regions. a complete gypsyds sequence was isolated from a d. subobscura genomic library, and a 1.3-kb ... | 1993 | 8381880 |
| comparative studies of drosophila antennapedia genes. | the antennapedia (antp) homeotic gene of drosophila melanogaster controls cell fates and pattern formation in the epidermis, nervous system and mesoderm of thoracic segments. its expression is controlled at the levels of transcription, alternative rna splicing, polyadenylation and translation. two nested antp transcription units extend over 103 kb and produce sixteen different transcripts. we have compared the antp genes of drosophila virilis, drosophila subobscura and d. melanogaster to determi ... | 1992 | 1358753 |
| p-element homologous sequences are tandemly repeated in the genome of drosophila guanche. | in drosophila guanche, p-homologous sequences were found to be located in a tandem repetitive array (copy number: 20-50) at a single genomic site. the cytological position on the polytene chromosomes was determined by in situ hybridization (chromosome o: 85c). sequencing of one complete repeat unit (3.25 kilobases) revealed high sequence similarity between the central coding region comprising exons 0 to 2 and the corresponding section of the drosophila melanogaster p element. the rest of the seq ... | 1992 | 1315047 |
| evidence of extensive genetic exchange in the rp49 region among polymorphic chromosome inversions in drosophila subobscura. | restriction map variation in 107 lines extracted from two natural populations of drosophila subobscura was investigated with seven four-nucleotide-recognizing enzymes in a 1.6-kb region including the rp49 gene, that is located very close to the proximal breakpoint of inversion o3. fourteen restriction site and 8 length polymorphisms, resulting in 73 haplotypes, have been identified. estimated heterozygosity per nucleotide, pi = 0.0045, is comparable to the average nucleotide variation observed i ... | 1990 | 2123162 |
| genetics and cytology of drosophila subobscura; transplantation of eye-buds between drosophila subobscura and drosophila melanogaster. | | 1948 | 18873491 |
| non-destructive species identification of drosophila obscura and d. subobscura (diptera) using near-infrared spectroscopy. | the vinegar flies drosophila subobscura and d. obscura frequently serve as study organisms for evolutionary biology. their high morphological similarity renders traditional species determination difficult, especially when living specimens for setting up laboratory populations need to be identified. here we test the usefulness of cuticular chemical profiles collected via the non-invasive method near-infrared spectroscopy for discriminating live individuals of the two species. we find a classifica ... | 2017 | 22885252 |
| distribution of the bilbo non-ltr retrotransposon in drosophilidae and its evolution in the drosophila obscura species group. | the bilbo element is a non-ltr retrotransposon isolated from drosophila subobscura. we conducted a distribution survey by southern blot for 52 species of the family drosophilidae, mainly from the obscura and melanogaster groups. most of the analyzed species bear sequences homologous to bilbo from d. subobscura. in the obscura group, species from the same species subgroup also share similar southern blot patterns. to investigate the phylogenetic relationship among these elements, we analyzed eigh ... | 2001 | 11264411 |
| puff activity after heat shock in two species of the drosophila obscura group. | when individuals of drosophila guanche are submitted to heat shock, five new puffs are induced. these puffs usually do not appear during normal development. comparing these results with those obtained in drosophila subobscura, also belonging to the obscura group, differences between the induced puffing pattern of both species have been found. | 1987 | 3691744 |
| dense gene physical maps of the non-model species drosophila subobscura. | the comparative analysis of genetic and physical maps as well as of whole genome sequences had revealed that in the drosophila genus, most structural rearrangements occurred within chromosomal elements as a result of paracentric inversions. genome sequence comparison would seem the best method to estimate rates of chromosomal evolution, but the high-quality reference genomes required for this endeavor are still scanty. here, we have obtained dense physical maps for muller elements a, c, and e of ... | 2017 | 28078516 |
| gene expression clines reveal local adaptation and associated trade-offs at a continental scale. | local adaptation, where fitness in one environment comes at a cost in another, should lead to spatial variation in trade-offs between life history traits and may be critical for population persistence. recent studies have sought genomic signals of local adaptation, but often have been limited to laboratory populations representing two environmentally different locations of a species' distribution. we measured gene expression, as a proxy for fitness, in males of drosophila subobscura, occupying a ... | 2016 | 27599812 |
| the origin of chromosomal inversions as a source of segmental duplications in the sophophora subgenus of drosophila. | chromosomal inversions can contribute to the adaptation of organisms to their environment by capturing particular advantageous allelic combinations of a set of genes included in the inverted fragment and also by advantageous functional changes due to the inversion process itself that might affect not only the expression of flanking genes but also their dose and structure. of the two mechanisms originating inversions -ectopic recombination, and staggered double-strand breaks and subsequent repair ... | 2016 | 27470196 |
| preservation of potassium balance is strongly associated with insect cold tolerance in the field: a seasonal study of drosophila subobscura. | there is interest in pinpointing genes and physiological mechanisms explaining intra- and interspecific variations in cold tolerance, because thermal tolerance phenotypes strongly impact the distribution and abundance of wild animals. laboratory studies have highlighted that the capacity to preserve water and ion homeostasis is linked to low temperature survival in insects. it remains unknown, however, whether adaptive seasonal acclimatization in free-ranging insects is governed by the same phys ... | 2016 | 27165627 |
| tracking changes in chromosomal arrangements and their genetic content during adaptation. | there is considerable evidence for an adaptive role of inversions, but how their genetic content evolves and affects the subsequent evolution of chromosomal polymorphism remains controversial. here, we track how life-history traits, chromosomal arrangements and 22 microsatellites, within and outside inversions, change in three replicated populations of drosophila subobscura for 30 generations of laboratory evolution since founding from the wild. the dynamics of fitness-related traits indicated a ... | 2016 | 26969850 |
| introduced drosophila subobscura populations perform better than native populations during an oviposition choice task due to increased fecundity but similar learning ability. | the success of invasive species is tightly linked to their fitness in a putatively novel environment. while quantitative components of fitness have been studied extensively in the context of invasive species, fewer studies have looked at qualitative components of fitness, such as behavioral plasticity, and their interaction with quantitative components, despite intuitive benefits over the course of an invasion. in particular, learning is a form of behavioral plasticity that makes it possible to ... | 2016 | 26925216 |
| individual inversions or their combinations: which is the main selective target in a natural population of drosophila subobscura? | it is generally accepted that chromosomal inversions have been key elements in adaptation and speciation processes. in this context, drosophila subobscura has been, and still is, an excellent model species due to its rich chromosomal polymorphism. in this species, many analyses from natural populations have demonstrated the adaptive potential of individual inversions (and their overlapped combinations, the so-called arrangements). however, little information is available on the evolutionary role ... | 2016 | 26644367 |
| evolutionary dynamics of the sgm transposon family in the drosophila obscura species group. | sgm (drosophila subobscura, drosophila guanche, and drosophila madeirensis) transposons are a family of transposable elements (tes) in drosophila with some functional and structural similarities to miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites). these elements were recently active in d. subobscura and d. madeirensis (1-2 mya), but in d. guanche (3-4 mya), they gave rise to a species-specifically amplified satellite dna making up approximately 10% of its genome. sgm elements were already ... | 2000 | 11070048 |
| molecular evolution of a duplication: the sex-peptide (acp70a) gene region of drosophila subobscura and drosophila madeirensis. | in drosophila melanogaster, the acp70a gene, which is involved in the postmating reactions of the female, is a single-copy gene. however, in drosophila subobscura, the gene is duplicated and both copies are transcribed. to study the molecular evolution of the duplication, a 2.1-kb fragment encompassing both copies of the duplication was sequenced for 10 lines of d. subobscura and one line of drosophila madeirensis. estimates of the divergence between the two copies of the duplicated region and b ... | 1998 | 9718726 |
| regulation of the gene sex-lethal: a comparative analysis of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila subobscura. | the drosophila gene sex-lethal (sxl) controls the processes of sex determination and dosage compensation. a drosophila subobscura genomic fragment containing all the exons and the late and early promotors in the sxl gene of d. melanogaster was isolated. early sxl expression in d. subobscura seems to be controlled at the transcriptional level, possibly by the x:a signal. in the region upstream of the early sxl transcription initiation site are two conserved regions suggested to be involved in the ... | 1996 | 8978052 |
| cloning and characterization of the scute (sc) gene of drosophila subobscura. | the scute (sc) gene, a member of the achaete-scute complex of drosophila melanogaster, has dual functions: sisterless (sis-b) function required for sex determination and dosage compensation and scute function, which is involved in neurogenesis. the sc homologue of d. subobscura was cloned. it lacks introns and encodes a single 1.7-kb transcript slightly larger than that of d. melanogaster (1.6 kb). the sc protein of d. subobscura is slightly larger than that of d. melanogaster (382 vs. 345 amino ... | 1996 | 8913748 |
| a new p element subfamily from drosophila tristis, d. ambigua, and d. obscura. | a new p element subfamily, designated t-type, was found in the genomes of the three closely related species drosophila ambigua, drosophila obscura, and drosophila tristis. the subfamily comprises both full-sized and internally deleted p elements. the t-type element of d. ambigua is longer than the canonical p elements owing to a 300-bp insertion in the 3' noncoding region. tandemly arranged t-type elements were detected in d. ambigua and d. tristis. the overall structure of t-type elements resem ... | 1996 | 8890523 |
| gene conversion is involved in the transfer of genetic information between naturally occurring inversions of drosophila. | the dna sequences of the ribosomal protein 49 (rp49) region were determined for 34 isochromosomal strains of drosophila subobscura representing two chromosomal arrangements, the ost and the o3 + 4 gene arrangements, which differ by two overlapping inversions. the data reveal that gene conversion is a mechanism responsible for the transfer of genetic information between naturally occurring inversions of drosophila. the estimated rate of gene transfer by gene conversion at this region, which is cl ... | 1994 | 7972094 |
| phylogenetic relationships between drosophila subobscura, d. guanche and d. madeirensis based on southern analysis of heat shock genes. | a southern analysis of genomic dna using drosophila melanogaster probes for the major heat shock protein genes (hsp82, hsp70, hsps encoding small proteins) was made to study the phylogenetic relationships between three drosophila species belonging to the obscura group (d. subobscura, d. guanche, and d. madeirensis). the phylogenetic trees showed that d. madeirensis and d. subobscura are the most closely related species in the triad, while d. guanche is the most distantly related one. as in other ... | 1994 | 7928386 |
| wing trait-inversion associations in drosophila subobscura can be generalized within continents, but may change through time. | clinal variation is one of the most emblematic examples of the action of natural selection at a wide geographical range. in drosophila subobscura, parallel clines in body size and inversions, but not in wing shape, were found in europe and south and north america. previous work has shown that a bottleneck effect might be largely responsible for differences in wing trait-inversion association between one european and one south american population. one question still unaddressed is whether the ass ... | 2015 | 26302686 |
| heat tolerance in drosophila subobscura along a latitudinal gradient: contrasting patterns between plastic and genetic responses. | susceptibility to global warming relies on how thermal tolerances respond to increasing temperatures through plasticity or evolution. climatic adaptation can be assessed by examining the geographic variation in thermal-related traits. we studied latitudinal patterns in heat tolerance in drosophila subobscura reared at two temperatures. we used four static stressful temperatures to estimate the thermal death time (tdt) curves, and two ramping assays with fast and slow heating rates. thermal death ... | 2015 | 26292981 |
| medium-term changes in drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion polymorphism: a possible relation with global warming? | | 2015 | 26174686 |
| sex-specific effects of sympatric mitonuclear variation on fitness in drosophila subobscura. | a number of recent studies have shown that the pattern of mitochondrial dna variation and evolution is at odds with a neutral equilibrium model. theory has suggested that selection on mitonuclear genotypes can act to maintain stable mitonuclear polymorphism within populations. however, this effect largely relies upon selection being either sex-specific or frequency dependent. here, we use mitonuclear introgression lines to assess differences in a series of key life-history traits (egg-to-adult d ... | 2015 | 26156582 |
| adaptive role of inversion polymorphism of drosophila subobscura in lead stressed environment. | local adaptation to environmental stress at different levels of genetic polymorphism in various plants and animals has been documented through evolution of heavy metal tolerance. we used samples of drosophila subobscura populations from two differently polluted environments to analyze the change of chromosomal inversion polymorphism as genetic marker during laboratory exposure to lead. exposure to environmental contamination can affect the genetic content within a particular inversion and produc ... | 2015 | 26102201 |
| mating behavior as an indicator of quality of drosophila subobscura males? | according to current theoretical predictions, any deleterious mutations that reduce nonsexual fitness may have a negative influence on mating success. this means that sexual selection may remove deleterious mutations from the populations. males of good genetic quality should be more successful in mating, compared to the males of lower genetic quality. as mating success is a condition dependent trait, large fractions of the genome may be a target of sexual selection and many behavioral traits are ... | 2017 | 26235310 |
| evolution of mating behavior between two populations adapting to common environmental conditions. | populations from the same species may be differentiated across contrasting environments, potentially affecting reproductive isolation among them. when such populations meet in a novel common environment, this isolation may be modified by biotic or abiotic factors. curiously, the latter have been overlooked. we filled this gap by performing experimental evolution of three replicates of two populations of drosophila subobscura adapting to a common laboratorial environment, and simulated encounters ... | 2015 | 25937905 |
| drosophila subobscura flies adapted to low lead concentration carry no fitness cost. | as a response to the long-term presence of heavy metals in the environment, populations can evolve resistance. its maintenance may have detrimental effect on population's fitness, causing a fitness cost. lead is one of the widely distributed elements in the environment exhibiting high toxicity on organisms. by analyzing developmental stages viability and developmental time, we evaluated fitness cost in drosophila subobscura flies adapted to low lead concentration and control flies derived from t ... | 2015 | 25935609 |
| inferring the demographic history of drosophila subobscura from nucleotide variation at regions not affected by chromosomal inversions. | drosophila subobscura presents a rich and complex chromosomal inversion polymorphism. it can thus be considered a model system (i) to study the mechanisms originating inversions and how inversions affect the levels and patterns of variation in the inverted regions and (ii) to study adaptation at both the single-gene and chromosomal inversion levels. it is therefore important to infer its demographic history as previous information indicated that its nucleotide variation is not at mutation-drift ... | 2015 | 25776124 |
| history, chance and selection during phenotypic and genomic experimental evolution: replaying the tape of life at different levels. | | 2015 | 25767479 |
| inversion polymorphism in two serbian natural populations of drosophila subobscura: analysis of long-term changes. | to study whether inversions (or arrangements) by themselves or karyotypes are the main global warming adaptive target of natural selection, two drosophila subobscura serbian populations (apatin and petnica) were re-analyzed using different statistical approaches. both populations were sampled in an approximately 15 years period: apatin in 1994 and 2008 + 2009 and petnica in 1995 and 2010. for all chromosomes, the four collections studied were in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. thus, it seems that in ... | 2014 | 25715453 |
| how much can history constrain adaptive evolution? a real-time evolutionary approach of inversion polymorphisms in drosophila subobscura. | chromosomal inversions are present in a wide range of animals and plants, having an important role in adaptation and speciation. although empirical evidence of their adaptive value is abundant, the role of different processes underlying evolution of chromosomal polymorphisms is not fully understood. history and selection are likely to shape inversion polymorphism variation to an extent yet largely unknown. here, we perform a real-time evolution study addressing the role of historical constraints ... | 2014 | 25430492 |
| characterization of the breakpoints of a polymorphic inversion complex detects strict and broad breakpoint reuse at the molecular level. | inversions are an integral part of structural variation within species, and they play a leading role in genome reorganization across species. work at both the cytological and genome sequence levels has revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of inversion breakpoints, with some regions being recurrently used. breakpoint reuse at the molecular level has mostly been assessed for fixed inversions through genome sequence comparison, and therefore rather broadly. here, we have identified and sequen ... | 2014 | 24881049 |
| extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 hz, 0.5 mt) modifies fitness components and locomotor activity of drosophila subobscura. | extremely low frequency (elf) magnetic fields are essential ecological factors which may induce changes in many organisms. the aim of this study was to examine the effects in drosophila subobscura exposed for 48 h to elf magnetic field (50 hz, 0.5 mt) at different developmental stages. | 2014 | 24475738 |
| no trade-off between high and low temperature tolerance in a winter acclimatized danish drosophila subobscura population. | coping with cold winter conditions is a major challenge for many insects. in early spring we observed newly emerged drosophila subobscura, which had overwintered as larvae and pupae. as temperatures increase during spring these flies are faced with higher minimum and maximum temperatures in their natural microhabitat. thus, there is a potential costly mismatch between winter and early spring acclimatization and the increased ambient temperatures later in adult life. we obtained individuals from ... | 2015 | 25846012 |
| from nature to the laboratory: the impact of founder effects on adaptation. | most founding events entail a reduction in population size, which in turn leads to genetic drift effects that can deplete alleles. besides reducing neutral genetic variability, founder effects can in principle shift additive genetic variance for phenotypes that underlie fitness. this could then lead to different rates of adaptation among populations that have undergone a population size bottleneck as well as an environmental change, even when these populations have a common evolutionary history. ... | 2012 | 23110657 |
| playing darwin. part b. 20 years of domestication in drosophila subobscura. | adaptation to a new environment (as well as its underlying mechanisms) is one of the most important topics in evolutionary biology. understanding the adaptive process of natural populations to captivity is essential not only in general evolutionary studies but also in conservation programmes. since 1990, the group of experimental evolution (cba/fcul) has been performing long-term, real-time evolutionary studies, with the characterization of laboratory adaptation in populations of drosophila subo ... | 2010 | 20532673 |