| laboratory studies with chemosterilized male culex pipiens fatigans for the determination of the optimum quality of release material. | | 1977 | 98438 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of a growth-regulating compound (th-6040) against culex pipiens fatigans (diptera: culicidae). | | 1979 | 120899 |
| comparative susceptibility to wuchereria bancrofti of culex pipiens fatigans delhi strain and of strains cytoplasmically incompatible with it. | | 1977 | 355132 |
| [culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann in tropical africa: its importance and its control (author's transl)]. | improvement in communications, unchecked urbanization and use of inadequate insecticides have promoted widespreading and proliferation of c.p. fatigans in tropical africa. this mosquito is a pest for man but also a main vector of bancroftian filariasis. various sanitation measures and insecticidal control are now available to destroy it; these control methods are indicated. | 1978 | 370500 |
| isolation of metarrhizium anisopliae, beauveria tenella and fusarium oxysporum (deuteromycetes) and their pathogenicity to culex fatigans and anopheles stephensi. | | 1979 | 535971 |
| studies of the susceptibility of culex pipiens fatigans from non-endemic filarial areas to urban wuchereria bancrofti. | | 1979 | 386965 |
| loss of filarial larvae in a natural mosquito population. | analysis of log normal parasite densities of wuchereria bancrofti in the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans collected in the suburbs of colombo, sri lanka, has shown a decreasing parasite load with age of infection. the median density of microfilarial intake in the natural population was 10.3, but this had decreased to 2.6 by the infective stage. of the total microfilariae ingested, 51.9% were found in the thorax 12--17 hours after infection of the mosquitoes in the laboratory. further decrease in ... | 1978 | 367299 |
| persistence and distribution of mycobacterium leprae in aedes aegypti and culex fatigans experimentally fed on leprosy patients. | laboratory reared aedes aegypti and culex fatigans were experimentally fed on untreated lepromatous leprosy patients and the proboscides, guts and faeces of the mosquitoes were examiend at 12 hour intervals to determine the persistence and distribution of mycobacterium leprae. in a. aegypti, bacilli persisted in proboscis till 156 hours, in gut 96 hours, and in faeces 72 hours after feeding. in c. fatigans--proboscides 144 hours, gut 96 hours and faeces 72 hours after feeding. in a. aegypti soli ... | 1978 | 349262 |
| some aspects of transmission of wuchereria bancrofti and ecology of the vector culex pipiens fatigans in pondicherry. | | 1977 | 336534 |
| on the inheritance of susceptibility for infection with wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens fatigans. | from a colony of c.p.fatigans from monrovia showing 21.6% susceptibility of w. bancrofti a refractory strain could be selected but not a highly susceptible one. experiments to select a refractory strain out of the highly susceptible colony from delhi failed. from these results and those of the crossing experiments between the selected refractory strain from monrovia and the delhi colony it appears that in the mosquito population from monrovia susceptibility for w. bancrofti is not dominating ref ... | 1977 | 324054 |
| small- and large-plaque variants of chikungunya virus in two vertebrate and seven invertebrate cell lines. | nine cells lines--bhk-21, vero, aedes albopictus, a. aegypti (monolayer and howwow vesicles), a. w-albus, a. vittatus, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus--were infected with small- and large-plaque (sp, lp) variants of chikungunya virus. ross strain, and incubated at different temperatures. in the aedes (29 plus or minus 1 degrees c) and the vertebrate cell lines (36 degrees c), infectivity titers of extracellular virus rapidly reached a peak; cytopathic effect (cpe) occurred only in ... | 1975 | 235192 |
| isozymes of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). ii. genetics of an alcohol dehydrogenase. | | 1977 | 609079 |
| evaluation of the d3 cytoplasmic incompatible strain of culex pipiens fatigans in laboratory and field cages. | | 1977 | 615851 |
| some observations on resting and swarming behaviour of culex pipiens fatigans in an urban situation. | | 1977 | 615854 |
| a study on some aspects of culex pipiens fatigans population in an urban area, faridabad, northern india. | | 1977 | 615856 |
| the density dependence of larval mortality of culex pipiens fatigans in an urban situation and prediction of its effects on genetic control operations. | | 1977 | 615857 |
| mass rearing of culex pipiens fatigans under ambient conditions. | | 1977 | 615858 |
| experimental transmission of japanese encephalitis virus through anopheles tessellatus and culex fatigans mosquitoes. | | 1977 | 203526 |
| apparent propagation of the equine infectious anemia virus in a mosquito (culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say) ovarian cell line. | a tissue culture of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say ovarian cells appeared to support the growth of equine infectious anemia (eia) virus. shetland ponies inoculated with 2nd, 7th, 9th, and 11th passages of mediums harvested from infected tissue culture had clinical signs of the disease and became eia positive on 11, 19, 23, and 43 days after inoculation, respectively. | 1976 | 183574 |
| host preference of mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis. | the host preference of 4 culex mosquito species collected in miaoli and pingtung counties, taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. antisera to alum-precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken, duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. culex annulus and culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and culex fuscocephala for bovine. culex pi ... | 1975 | 181218 |
| host selection patterns of some pakistan mosquitoes. | the host selection patterns of 18 species of pakistan mosquitoes are described, emphasizing the presumed malaria vectors, anopheles culicifacies, an. fluviatilis, and an. stephensi, and the probable vectors of west nile virus, culex pipiens fatigans and cx. tritaeniorhynchus. all species tested, with the exception of cx, p. fatigans, were considered to be essentially zoophilic. few human feeds were recorded for an. annularis (0.7%), an. culicifacies (0.5%), an. fluviatilis (1.1%), an. nigerrimus ... | 1979 | 110157 |
| population analysis of culex pipiens fatigans wied. (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory conditions. | | 1977 | 845884 |
| experimental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti to monkeys. | infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti from laboratory-raised culex pipiens fatigans and aedes togoi mosquitoes fed on human volunteers in jakarta, indonesia (j strain) and kinmen island, china (k strain) were introduced into taiwan monkeys (macaca cyclopis) by subcutaneous inoculation, by foot puncture, or by permitting infected mosquitoes to feed weekly on the monkeys. some animals were splenectomized and others were treated with varying regimens of immunosuppressants. necropsy was done on m ... | 1979 | 107818 |
| isolation of virus strains from mosquitoes collected in queensland, 1972-1976. | 171,348 mosquitoes and 4,353 other arthropods collected at three centres in queensland in 1972-1976 yielded 151 strains of 18 viruses. culex annulirostris was the major source of virus isolation but 42 strains from aedes normanensis indicate it to be a vector of importance. ross river and kokobera viruses were isolated at kowanyama in the dry season, a finding of interest as being compatible with year-round survival in vector-vertebrate cycles. culex fatigans has in part replaced culex annuliros ... | 1979 | 44840 |
| selection for partial compatibility with aged and previously mated males in culex pipiens fatigans (diptera: culicidae). | | 1977 | 903940 |
| seasonal abundance of culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes at kowanyama, north queensland, and charleville, south west queensland. | at kowanyama, 104,006 adult female mosquitoes of a probable 47 species were collected on twelve occasions from april, 1972, to april, 1976. at charleville, 71,791 adult females of 20 taxa were taken during thirteen periods from february, 1974, to february, 1976. culex annulirostris was predominant at kowanyama and especially at charleville where it comprised up to 99% of dry season collections. culex fatigans, ae normanensis, an annulipes and, at kowanyama only, an bancroftii were the other majo ... | 1979 | 44839 |
| [scanning microscopical observations on the foregut structures o mosquitoes and their role for the ingestion of microfilariae (author's transl)]. | experiments on the transmission of brugia malayi by various mosquitoes had shown that microfilariae ingested by some species were badly damaged when they reached the stomach, but were much less hurt in others. the structures of the foregut likely to cause these injuries, were investigated and documented by scanning microscope techniques. in anopheles albimanus, a. arabiensis, a. stephensi and a. pharoensis which have well developed armatures the microfilariae showed a high rate of destruction. i ... | 1979 | 44040 |
| bancroftian filariasis in a philippine village: entomological findings. | bancroftian filariasis in an isolated philippine village has been intensively investigated; this paper reports the entomological findings. surveys were carried out six months apart in the driest and wettest months. significant transmission was demonstrated only during the wet season. aedes poicillius was the major vector of wuchereria bancrofti. ae. poicilius accounted for 58% of larvae found in the axils of banana plants and 31% of those in abaca axils; negligible numbers of larvae of this spec ... | 1979 | 39349 |
| distribution and density of mosquitoes in two endemic areas for bancroftian filariasis in sorsogon, philippines. | mosquito density in rangas where abaca is in abundance is much higher, almost twice, than that of putiao where abaca is absent. the adult density of aedes poecilus over aedes ananae in the two areas combined is 3 to 4 times whereas the larval density of the former is much lower than aedes ananae. the banana axils is a favorite breeding place for aedes poecilus but may also utilize the abaca axils. this finding is very favorable in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis because this species o ... | 1978 | 34889 |
| the lethal effects of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures of mosquitoes on microfilariae. | microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia pahangi were killed by the chewing action of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures and other papillae and spines in the fore-gut of mosquitoes. the proportion of ingested microfilariae that were killed was largely dependent on the presence and shape of the cibarial armature. anopheles farauti no. 1 and anopheles gambiae species a and b have well developed cibarial armatures and killed 36 to 96% of the ingested microfilariae. culex pipiens fatigans ... | 1978 | 30190 |
| the incidence of mosquitoes feeding on mothers and babies at kisumu, kenya. | blood fed mosquitoes were collected inside four bed nets in which mother/child pairs, having different haptoglobin types, slept. the bloodmeals were analysed by gradient gel electrophoresis to determine on which person the mosquitoes had fed. the results suggest that the mothers are fed on much more than babies by both anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex fatigans. in one hut at least 15.2 per cent of the mosquitoes had taken all or part of their bloodmeal elsewhere. a greater number of double feeds ... | 1978 | 25970 |
| an entomological survey on the mosquitoes of wuvulu island, papua-new guinea. | an entomological survey in wuvulu island, papua new guinea, in august 1975 and 1976 shows the presence of six mosquito species: aedes (s.) hebrideus, ae. (f.) notoscriptus, ae. (v.) lineatus, ? ae. (l.) dasyorrhus, culex pipiens fatigans and armigeres breinli. the medical significance of these mosquitoes is discussed, with special reference to the problem of dengue virus transmission. | 1977 | 18800 |
| control of culex pipiens fatigans(w) by the larvivorous fish poecillia reticulata and by removal of debris from the breeding habitat. | twice weekly removal of floating debris from two polluted ponds in bangkok resulted in 75% reduction of immature populations of c.p. fatigans for seven weeks. subsequent introduction of the guppy poecilia reticulata at 10 fish per m2 further reduced the aquatic population to 2% of the pretreatment level during 12 weeks. when debris removal was discontinued, partial recovery of the larval density was observed. when fish were introduced in a plot without prior debris removal, there was no reductio ... | 1976 | 1027109 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen (australia antigen) in mosquitoes collected in senegal, west africa. | during july and august of 1973, 9,198 mosquitoes were collected in the republic of senegal. eight species of mosquitoes were found in the collections: culex thalassius, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, culex trigripes, culex phillipi, aedes irritans, aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae, and mansonia sp. specimens were sorted by biological condition; those obviously engorged were designated as (e), females with swollen abdomens not conspicuously blooded were considered gravid (g), and those with norm ... | 1976 | 3983 |
| failure of rubella virus to replicate in mosquitos. | rubella virus failed to replicate in mosquitoes (aedes albopictus and culex fatigans) following parenteral inoculation. the virus demonstrated in mosquitoes tested immediately after inoculation but was not detected in insects sampled 7, 14 and 21 days postinoculation. this experiment provides further evidence that rubella is not an arbovirus, but does not invalidate its classification as a togavirus. | 1975 | 345 |
| comparative studies of the mosquito-larval toxin of bacillus sphaericus ssii-1 and 1593. | two strains of bacillus sphaericus. ssii-1 and 1593, were bioassayed for toxic activity against second-instar larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. it was found that strain 1593 developed a level of toxicity 3000 times that of strain ssii-1. although the toxic activity of b. sphaericus ssii-1 was relatively unchanged throughout growth, an increase in activity of strain 1593 occurred as the bacteria began to sporulate. strain differences were examined by (i) growth cycle experime ... | 1979 | 540250 |
| organophosphorus multiresistance in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in california. | | 1975 | 1159164 |
| seasonal changes in population structure of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae): study of an isolated population. | | 1975 | 1159738 |
| ultrastructure of midgut events in the pathogenesis of bacillus sphaericus strain ssii-1 infections of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae. | the fate of bacillus sphaericus strain ssii-1 cells ingested by culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (= c. pipiens fatigans, c. fatigans, c. quinquefasciatus of authors; diptera: culicidae) larvae and the cytological events preceding death of the host were observed using electron microscopy. bacillus sphaericus cells were digested rapidly in the anterior and central midgut. the outer cell wall layer and cytoplasmic ground substance disappeared soon after ingestion. cytolysosomes became prominent in mi ... | 1979 | 436015 |
| inheritance of resistance to permethrin in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. | | 1979 | 429679 |
| [breeding places, larval density and niche segregation in three urban culicidae (culex fatigans wied., c. corniger theo., and aedes aegypti l.) at caracas cemetery (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 543386 |
| structure-activity relationships of phosphorus amides in aedes aegypti and culex pipiens fatigans (diptera: culicidae). | | 1975 | 1223296 |
| establishment of a cell line from larvae of culex pipiens fatigans and its susceptibility to infection with some group c arboviruses. | | 1979 | 550225 |
| abortive development of wuchereria bancrofti in a west african strain of culex pipiens fatigans. | the detailed morphology of the larvae of wuchereria bancrofti developing in a refractory strain of culex pipiens fatigans from liberia, west africa, has been described. the abortive development of the parasite in the thoracic muscles of the mosquito was characterized mainly by: (i) retardation or complete failure of initial division of the g-cell, (ii) partial or complete encapsulation of developing larvae, especially at the anal and excretory vesicle areas of late first-stage, (iii) breakdown o ... | 1978 | 364800 |
| segregation of cytoplasmic incompatibility properties in culex pipiens fatigans. | maternally inherited variants, which arose within a laboratory colony of culex pipiens fatigans, have been studied by rearing cultures from single egg rafts. segregation, i.e, variation of cytoplasmic incompatibility properties between the male progeny of individual females, was demonstrated. also, from the daughters of individual females, sub-lines were derived within which all the males showed the same incompatibility or compatibility properties. among the descendants of tetracycline-treated i ... | 1977 | 562815 |
| indoor resting density, survival rate and host preference of culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) in mysore city. | monthly indoor resting density, age distribution, survival rate and host-preference of culex quinquefasciatus, a filariasis vector were studied from june 1988 to may 1989 in mysore city. during this period, a total of 7522 adults were collected in 72 man-hour of search spreading to twelve spots covering the entire city. the annual per man-hour density observed was 104.5, being 76.8 for female and 24.3 for male. nulliparous and parous (1-parous and 2-parous) mosquitoes were collected throughout t ... | 1992 | 1296948 |
| bancroftian filariasis in puerto limón, costa rica. | in four neighborhoods of puerto limón, a caribbean coastal city in a tropical rainforest area of costa rica, examination of 1-ml samples of night blood from 1,142 randomly selected, and 1,196 associated, persons by the knott and filter-chamber techniques revealed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in about 3% of the 2,338 samples. the frequency of infection was higher in males (3.9%) than in females (1.9%), higher in persons of black (4.1%) than of white (1.0%) race, and highest in persons ag ... | 1977 | 596512 |
| on the escape of infective filarial larvae from the mosquitoes. | experimentally infected females of culex pipiens fatigans carrying infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti were fed, on the 16th day p.i., on four different solutions, which were offered "cold" (24 degrees c) or "warm" (34 degrees c) in petri dishes as open fluids. thus the sucking mosquitoes did not have to bend their labia. only the "warm" human serum stimulated any considerable number of infective larvae (24.8%) to leave the mouthparts of the mosquitoes. 1289 infective c. fatigens females lo ... | 1977 | 601855 |
| induction of high resistance to permethrin in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. | | 1978 | 649829 |
| a light and electron microscope study of rickettsia-like organisms in the ovaries of mosquitoes of the aedes scutellaris group. | the ovaries from some members of the aedes scutellaris group were examined by light and electron microscopy to locate rickettsia-like organisms, and culex pipiens fatigans was used as a control. it was found that light microscopy was unsatisfactory for this purpose since none of the available staining techniques demonstrates the organisms clearly and diagnostically. with the electron microscope it was shown that the organisms were by no means as common in the mosquitoes of the a. scutellaris gro ... | 1978 | 666398 |
| autogeny in east african culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (=fatigans) | | 1978 | 675795 |
| meiotic chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex transformation in culex pipiens oocytes. | the synaptonemal complexes of the oocytes of the mosquito culex pipiens quinquefasciatus have been reconstructed from serial sections. a diffuse structure, probably a chromocenter composed of centromeric heterochromatin, was present during pachytene. as no synaptonemal complexes were visible inside the chromocenter the continuity of the 2 arms of a bivalent was lost. the telomeric ends were clustered on a small area of the nuclear membrane in a bouquet arrangement; they were associated in pairs, ... | 1978 | 743906 |
| [culex pipiens fatigans: labeling of tissues of normal and infected (plasmodium cathemerium) females after feeding on tritiated amino acids (author's transl)]. | normal and infected culex females were fed 11 different amino acids. these substances were labeled with tritium and each was given separately in glucose solution. after the uptake the marker appears first in crop, cardia and midgut. later on the other tissues get labeled more or less. it seems that the labeling follows a characteristic pattern for each amino acid. essential amino acids are taken up intensively; for example leucine not only in the midgut epithelium but also in the ovary and the f ... | 1977 | 848081 |
| chromosomal polymorphism in different populations of culex pipiens fatigans during meiosis. | | 1977 | 877318 |
| identification of culex species by electrophoresis. | this paper extends the usefulness of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to studies of mosquito taxonomy and mosquito vector ecology. using a newly developed double staining technique, it is possible to unambiguously separate several species of culex mosquitoes found in northern indiana. these include culex restuans, culex pipiens pipiens, and culex territans. preliminary work indicates that culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex salinarius can also be identified by this method. this technique ... | 1977 | 907038 |
| susceptibility to brugia pahangi of geographical strains of culex pipiens fatigans. | five strains of culex pipiens fatigans from kuala lumpur, tanga, bobo dioulasso, ibadan and maracay were tested for susceptibility to brugia pahangi. the mosquitoes were membrane-fed on infected blood in which the parasite density ranged from 1-3 to 20-4 mff/mm(3). the susceptibility rates were low, and were not directly related to the parasitaemia. if the susceptible individuals represent homozygotes for the gene sb (the gene controlling susceptibility to b pahangi in c. pipiens), the gene freq ... | 1977 | 921367 |
| persistence in continuous light of a circadian rhythm in the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans wied. | | 1976 | 934281 |
| studies on quantitative aspects of the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti. | feeding experiments with anopheles gambiae and culex fatigans infected with wuchereria bancrofti showed that the mosquito females were losing about 20% of their worm burden when they were feeding on a blood chamber as well as on the guinea pig. 6.6% of all mature larvae found in the mosquitoes succeeded in entering the final host. a striking high infection rate was observed in those mosquitoes which refused to feed on a guinea pig. these mosquitoes have also to be considered when the loss of fil ... | 1976 | 941249 |
| inheritance of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase variants in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say. | the formal genetics of two variants of a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus of the adult mosquito, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, was analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. these two alleles, pgdf and pgds are codominant, and autosomally inherited, and appear to be linked to the pgm locus by 27 crossover units in linkage group iii. | 1976 | 972249 |
| density effect on survival of immature stages of culex pipiens fatigans in breeding sites in delhi villages. | | 1976 | 987020 |
| dominant-and-recessive epistasis in a homeotic mosquito mutant. | following selection for 15 generations a pure strain of a homeotic mutant spur was isolated from a brazilian population of the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans. monohybrid crosses showed a 13:3 segregation indicating dominant-and-recessive epistasis for wild-type vs. spur. this implies that a dominant allele at one locus and a recessive at the other interact to produce the mutant phenotype. dihybrid crosses with linkage group ii markers yellow and ruby gave 39:13:9:3 ratios indicating independent ... | 1976 | 1022329 |
| [ecology of culex pipiens fatigans larvae in an area of high endemicity of bancroftian filariasis (author's transl)]. | culex pipiens fatigans in the main vector of bancroftian filariasis in the mayotte island (comores) where it imposes an important health problem. the breeding-sites of c. p. fatigans are either man-made (latrines, cesspools, various containers), or natural (polluted water of estuaries of some rivers). the man-made breeding-sites are not similarly distributed in the different localities of the island. their distribution varies according to the customs of the inhabitants, size and site of the comm ... | 1975 | 1096384 |
| microbial flora in gut of culex quinquefasciatus breeding in cess pits. | the number and types of microorganisms in the gut of culex quinquefasciatus larvae varied considerably from one site of collection to another. larval gut, in general, contained enormous number of bacteria, a few fungi and negligible number of actinomycetes which belonged to 15 bacterial, 6 fungal and 4 actinomycete genera, respectively. bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp. and pseudomonas sp. among bacteria, aspergillus among fungi and streptomyces sp. among actinomycetes were frequently encountered ... | 1992 | 1439987 |
| trehalose of culex pipiens fatigans. | trehalose was found to occur in the mosquito, culex pipiens fatigans, to the extent of 23 to 49% of total free sugars in different developmental stages of the insect. induction of stress to the insects led to significant reduction in the trehalose of larvae and glucose of adults. the label from alpha,alpha'-u-14c-trehalose readily incorporated into lipids of the adults in which triglycerides seemed to undergo rapid turnover. | 1975 | 1171775 |
| interrelationships between selected meteorologic phenomena and immature stages of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say: study of an isolated population. | | 1975 | 1181434 |
| failure of dengue viruses to replicate in culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | culex quinquefasciatus (say) and aedes aegypti (l.) were parenterally infected with dengue viruses and virus replication was monitored at intervals after infection in each species. dengue viruses replicated rapidly in ae. aegypti, reaching a peak titer of 10(6)-10(7) mosquito infectious dose 50 (mid50) per mosquito. in cx. quinquefasciatus, however, dengue virus replication did not occur. we conclude that this mosquito species is refractory to infection with dengue viruses and, therefore, does n ... | 1992 | 1460627 |
| host immunity to mosquitoes: effect of antimosquito antibodies on anopheles tessellatus and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | rabbit antibodies to antigens derived from the tissues of sugar-fed anopheles tessellatus theobald were fed to an. tessellatus and culex quinquefasciatus say in blood meals. these antibodies tended to reduce the number of eggs produced by an. tessellatus, but had no effect on the fecundity of cx. quinquefasciatus. ingestion of the rabbit antibodies did not detectably affect the mortality of an. tessellatus but increased the mortality of cx. quinquefasciatus. the results provide preliminary evide ... | 1992 | 1460631 |
| laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of la crosse and other arboviruses by aedes albopictus and culex fatigans. | transovarial transmission of la crosse virus by experimentally infected aedes albopictus females to 2.7% of their f1 generation offspring was demonstrated. progeny of both sexes were infected. mean virus titers in parent mosquitoes and infected f1 generation adults were 10(4.6) and 10(3.4) plaque forming units/insect, respectively. the la crosse-infected offspring were randomly distributed among the female parents. after two serial passages in a. albopictus, a marked change occurred in the plaqu ... | 1975 | 1190373 |
| vector competence of mosquitoes as a marker to distinguish central american and mexican epizootic from enzootic strains of venezuelan encephalitis virus. | two epizootic strains of venezuelan encephalitis (ve) virus from central america and mexico were transmitted by a colonized epizootic vector mosquito, aedes taeniorhynchus, at higher rates than were two enzootic strains when the mosquitoes were infected by intrathroacic inoculation or feeding of virus. differences in transmission rates also occurred with colonized aedes aegypti, but were less marked. following intrathoracic inoculation of a. taeniorhynchus or a. aegypti, epizootic strains grew t ... | 1976 | 1259093 |
| observations on culex quinquefasciatus say in relation to transmission of filariasis due to subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti in samoa. | observations on culex quinquefasciatus say in samoa during a study of the epidemiology and control of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis are reported. the man-biting rate of c. quinquefasciatus was comparable with that of aedes (finlaya) samoanus gruenberg in one indicator village and lower in another. the house-frequenting behaviour of the two species was similar. culex quinquefasciatus was active throughout the night with peak biting during midnight hours, and its survivorship, estimated by tw ... | 1992 | 1288433 |
| laboratory evaluation of brazilian mesocyclops (copepoda: cyclopidae) for mosquito control. | in laboratory tests, four different strains of mesocyclops aspericornis (daday) collected in or near fortaleza, brazil, showed potential as biological control agents of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito larvae but were not as effective against anopheles or culex. in contrast, the larger m. longisetus (thiebaud), collected at fortaleza, killed 100% of ae. aegypti and anopheles farauti (laveran) (no. 1) at larval densities of 200/liter and culex quinquefasciatus (say) at 25/liter. in cage simulations wi ... | 1992 | 1495067 |
| esbiothrin-impregnated ropes as mosquito repellent. | esbiothrin [(+/-)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocylopent-2-enyl-(+)-trans- chrysanthemate] is an improved isomeric composition of allethrin series and consists essentially of esters of chrysanthemic acid and allethrolone. jute rope was impregnated with esbiothrin and the smoke from smouldering ropes was evaluated as mosquito repellent in human dwellings and cattlesheds with open doors and windows at different dosages. esbiothrin-impregranted (500 ppm) ropes prevented the entry of more than 95% an. culic ... | 1992 | 1291341 |
| status of lymphatic filariasis in some select slum clusters of delhi. | filaria surveys conducted in some select slum clusters namely hari nagar, yamuna pusht near vijaya ghat along the ring road and timarpur in delhi during 1989, 1991 and 1992 respectively, covering a population of approximately 5000 slum dwellers revealed the presence of bancroftian microfilaria (mf) carriers and disease cases. the mf and disease rates (per cent) in these three slum areas were in the order of 6.3, 2.2, 3.7 and 1.4, 0.5 and 0.1 respectively. the mf density varied from 3.1 to 12.3 p ... | 1992 | 1344178 |
| efficacy of esbiothrin mosquito coils at community level in northern tanzania. | field trials with mosquito coils containing 0.15% esbiothrin at usa river settlement, northern tanzania, during 1986 achieved a 52% reduction in biting rates of anopheles arabiensis patton and a 73% reduction of culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes. no mosquito biting activity occurred during the coil burning period which started at 20.00 hours daily and lasted for an average of 8.6 h. a sociological survey indicated that the coils were favourably accepted and produced no serious side-effects. | 1992 | 1600226 |
| observations on population density of culex quinquefasciatus and transmission indices of bancroftian filariasis during and after integrated vector management strategy. | an integrated vector management strategy, implemented as an alternative to the conventional control operations that include mainly chemical control in pondicherry, south india, reduced very substantially the population density of culex quinquefasciatus. this resulted in drastic decrease in the intensity of transmission of bancroftian filariasis transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus and consequently the incidence of new infections in children of 0-5 age group was minimized. when the ivm strategy ... | 1992 | 1344948 |
| a new serotype of bacillus thuringiensis from colombia toxic to mosquito larvae. | during a survey conducted in colombia a new isolate of bacillus thuringiensis that showed toxicity toward culex quinquefasciatus, cx. pipiens, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi larvae was isolated. parasporal crystals were spherical in shape and showed a great degree of similarity with those produced by the reference strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. supernatant fraction of the whole culture was not toxic, and heat-stable exotoxin production was negative. catalase, urease ... | 1992 | 1347310 |
| proteolytic processing of the mosquitocidal toxin from bacillus sphaericus ssii-1. | the 97-kda protein mtx21, derived from the 100-kda mosquitocidal protein (mtx) from bacillus sphaericus ssii-1 by the deletion of the putative signal sequence, was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase in escherichia coli, and the fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography. the fusion protein bound to glutathione agarose was cleaved with thrombin to release the mtx21 protein. the 97-kda mtx21 protein was found to be toxic to culex quinquefasciatus larvae with a ... | 1992 | 1352768 |
| ecological observations on the 1989 outbreak of st. louis encephalitis virus in the southern san joaquin valley of california. | temporal and spatial patterns of st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus transmission were compared at permanent study areas in the southern san joaquin valley during years with low (1988 and 1990) and elevated (1989) viral activity. during 1989 and 1990, virus appeared first at sentinel chicken flocks exhibiting low to moderate seroconversion rates at the end of the previous season. this finding, and the early season seroconversion of sentinel chickens at a marsh habitat on 5 march and 2 april 1990, ... | 1992 | 1625296 |
| comparison of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cryiva and cryivb cloned toxins reveals synergism in vivo. | when the gene for the mosquitocidal protein cryiva was expressed in two strains of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cured of their resident delta-endotoxin genes, the protein accumulated as large inclusions. the inclusions produced in the bt subsp. kurstaki recipient strain were twice as soluble at alkaline ph as the inclusions produced in bt subsp. israelensis. solubilized protoxins were activated by treatment with mosquito gut extracts or trypsin for varying lengths of time and tested for in vitro ... | 1992 | 1355748 |
| adulticidal effect of cyfluthrin against mosquitos of public health importance in malaysia. | the efficacy of two formulations, wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate, of cyfluthrin sprayed on plywood [10 mg (ai)/m2] was assessed against six species of mosquitos. the bioassay followed the who standard method, with some modification for the bioassay of insecticidal deposits on wall surfaces. the results indicated that these two formulations of cyfluthrin were effective against anopheles dirus and mansonia uniformis, moderately toxic to aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in decreasing ... | 1992 | 1355928 |
| seasonality of adult culex quinquefasciatus and transmission of bancroftian filariasis in pondicherry, south india. | seasonal variations in biting culex quinquefasciatus and transmission of bancroftian filariasis were investigated in pondicherry, south india. the biting density of c. quinquefasciatus, the principal vector species, was lowest in the summer months and higher during the monsoon and winter months. the survival of the vectors as indicated by the proportion of parous mosquitoes was found to be less in the summer season. biting mosquitoes with infective stage larvae were not encountered during the ho ... | 1992 | 1356298 |
| biological control of container-breeding mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus, in a japanese island by release of toxorhynchites splendens adults. | to control container-breeding mosquitoes in the small island of minnajima (0.56 km2), northern okinawa, japan, laboratory-reared adults (aged 7-10 days) of toxorhynchites splendens (palawan strain), a mosquito with predatory larvae, were released repeatedly during 1984, 1986 and 1987. thirteen species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) occurred in artificial containers, ground pools or crab-holes on the island, the predominant species being aedes (stegomyia) albopictus and culex (culex) quinquef ... | 1992 | 1358271 |
| efficacy of bacillus sphaericus against the malaria vector anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes in swamps and rice fields in zaire. | the microbial control of anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes with a granular formulation of bacillus sphaericus (vectolex) was evaluated in rice fields and swamps, located around the suburban region of kingabwa-village in kinshasa, zaíre. ten treatment cycles with 15-day intervals were carried out with the same application rate, 10 kg/ha, during the dry season (may to september 1991). the treatments reduced larval populations of an. gambiae by 98% after 48 h, but repetitive applications were ... | 1992 | 1361940 |
| non-involvement of nulliparous females in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis. | the possible involvement of nulliparous females of culex quinquefasciatus in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis under field conditions was examined in pondicherry, south india. biting nulliparous females that had previously ingested partial blood meals were found infected with microfilariae/l1 stage larvae. none of them harboured infective-stage larvae. these findings suggest that nulliparous females are not involved in the transmission of filariasis. therefore, their inclusion for estim ... | 1992 | 1363179 |
| [observation on the early development of inoculated brugia malayi microfilariae in mosquitoes]. | this paper reports the early development and variation of inoculated brugia malayi microfilariae in 3 groups of mosquitoes, i. e. young anopheles sinensis, young culex quinquefasciatus and old cx. quinquefasciatus. significant differences were observed among these groups. sixty hours after inoculation, the percentage of normally developing filarial larvae in young an. sinensis was 72.3%; the percentage of melanized microfilariae in young cx. quinquefasciatus was 75.4% and the percentage of filar ... | 1992 | 1363886 |
| seasonal distribution and diel biting patterns of culicine mosquitoes in costa marques, rondônia, brazil. | a study of peridomestic man-biting culicines in the amazon basin was conducted from january through december, 1987. fifteen species of mosquitoes from six genera were collected by volunteers in all-night human-bait indoor and outdoor collections at five houses in and near the town of costa marques, rondônia, brazil. culex quinquefasciatus and members of the mansonia titillans/indubitans group comprised 61 and 33%, respectively, of all culicines collected from human-bait outside houses and 62 and ... | 1992 | 1364053 |
| laboratory assessment of indigenous plant extracts for anti-juvenile hormone activity in culex quinquefasciatus. | of 15 plants tested, five plant extracts showed anti-juvenile hormone-like activity against laboratory colonised late fourth instar larvae and adult female mosquitoes. petroleum ether extract of eichhornia crassipes and acetone extracts of ageratum conyzoides, cleome icosandra, tagetes erectes and tridax procumbens showed growth inhibitory (p less than 0.001) and juvenile hormone mimicing activity to the treated larvae of c. quinquefasciatus.. larval pupal intermediates, demalanised pupae, defec ... | 1992 | 1398811 |
| experimental wuchereria bancrofti infection of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. | laboratory-derived females of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti were experimentally infected with wuchereria bancrofti by allowing the insects to feed on infected volunteers of known microfilariae density between 24.00 and 2.00 hours. of the 240 mosquitoes used for the experiments only 67 (55.8%) of c. quinquefasciatus and 83 (69.2%) of the ae.aegypti actually fed on the volunteers' blood. after 16 days post-infection period, 50 (74.62%) of the engorged c. quinquefasciatus harboured infec ... | 1992 | 1416219 |
| crossing type variability associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility in australian populations of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus say. | an analysis of cytoplasmic crossing type variation in australian populations of culex quinquefasciatus, a member of the culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes, revealed high levels of variability causing partial incompatibility between natural populations. segregating crossing types were commonly found together within sampled sites. no correlation was evident between similarity of crossing type and environmental parameters of the sites, nor distance between sites. the nature of the observed variati ... | 1992 | 1421500 |
| blood-feeding of culex mosquitoes in an urban environment. | the modified capillary tube precipitin test was used to identify blood meal sources of culex quinquefasciatus emerging from sewage ditches in east baton rouge parish, louisiana. canines were the primary hosts, but passeriformes and humans were also suitable blood meal sources. the percentage of cx. quinquefasciatus feeding on these 3 hosts fluctuated with the habitat and the season. | 1992 | 1431858 |
| pathogenesis of bacillus sphaericus strain ssii-1 infections in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (equal to c. pipiens fatigans) larvae. | | 1975 | 1117164 |
| [genetics of yellow-larva and ruby-eye mutants in the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans in brazil (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1153826 |
| [the introduction of the larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata (peters, 1895) (cyprinodontiformes: poeciliidae), a bioregulator of culicids in oxidation ponds and contaminated drainage ditches on the isla de la juventud]. | the larvivorous fish poecilla reticulata, internationally known as mosquito larva bioregulators, was introduced in 2 oxidation ponds and 2 ditches containing polluted waters (sewage) without the presence of other fish species, in isle of youth, cuba, in order to control the larva populations of the culex quinquefasciatus mosquito say, 1823 in these its main breeding sites. after 2.5 months, such reservoirs were free of mosquito larvae. the fish settled within one year, reaching enough density to ... | 1991 | 1801089 |
| susceptibility of adult aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera; culicidae) to ddt in kampuchea. | the susceptibility to 4% ddt was tested in adult aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected in houses in phnom penh (kampuchea). it was found that in spite of the fact that insecticide treatment had not been performed for many years, the populations of both species as a whole remained resistant. however, there were some differences in the susceptibility between males and females and between engorged and hungry females. possible causes of these differences are discussed in the ... | 1991 | 1808035 |
| breeding habitats and their contribution to anopheles stephensi in panaji. | a one-year longitudinal study conducted in 9 categories of breeding habitats in panaji, goa, showed that 1.1% of the 67,360 breeding sites contained anopheles stephensi immatures and the overall positivity varied from 0.4 to 3.5% with a peak in june. the habitat-wise proportion of an. stephensi was: wells, 0-1.3%; fountains, 1.4-11.4%; masonry tanks, 0.8-6.1%; overhead tanks, 0.1-4.0%; curing water in construction sites, 0.6-9.0%; groundwater tanks, 0-1.4%; tyres, 0-8.9%; barrels and tins, 0-5.4 ... | 1992 | 1459298 |
| evaluation of neem, azadirachta indica, with and without water management, for the control of culicine mosquito larvae in rice-fields. | applications of neem, azadirachta indica (meliaceae), to rice-fields were evaluated with the dual objective of controlling the culicine mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and enhancing the grain yield. since crude neem products deteriorate under improper storage conditions, a laboratory bioassay was developed to screen neem cake powder against mosquito larvae, culex quinquefasciatus. only samples of neem giving over 90% bioassay mortality were used in field trials. when good q ... | 1992 | 1463896 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 4. facilitation, limitation, proportionality and their epidemiological significance. | quantitative understanding of the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filarial parasites is essential for the rational planning of control strategies. one of the most important determinants of transmission dynamics is the relationship between parasite yield, the success rate of ingested microfilariae (mf) becoming infective larvae in a mosquito vector, and mf density in the source of the human blood meal. three types of relationship have been recognized in human filaria/mosquito couples--limitati ... | 1992 | 1475823 |
| determination of insecticide susceptibility in culex quinquefasciatus say adults by rapid enzyme microassays. | rapid enzyme microassays for the detection of resistance due to organophosphate and carbamate in individual field-collected strains of culex quinquefasciatus adults were conducted. these tests allowed accurate differentiation by eye, on the basis of color changes of susceptible and resistant individuals. two separate tests were conducted for the biochemical assays. in the insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) test, acetylthiocholine iodide (acth) and 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (dtnb) ... | 1992 | 1488701 |
| binding of purified bacillus sphaericus binary toxin and its deletion derivatives to culex quinquefasciatus gut: elucidation of functional binding domains. | highly larvicidal strains of bacillus sphaericus produce a binary toxin composed of 51 and 42 kda proteins which binds to sharply delineated regions of the gastric caecum and posterior midgut of susceptible larvae of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. to investigate the role of the individual subunits and the organization of functional binding regions within the toxin, plasmids were constructed for the expression in escherichia coli of the toxin proteins and their nh2- and cooh-terminal deleti ... | 1992 | 1512580 |
| tolerance of culex quinquefasciatus say, 1823 (diptera:culicidae) to methoprene in cuba. | | 1991 | 1842449 |