| genetic sex separation in anopheles arabiensis and the production of sterile hybrids. | the gene for dieldrin resistance has been artificially male-linked so that females can be selectively killed with dieldrin. by intercrossing different sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex, batches consisting of sterile males only can be reared. this seems to have potential for use in genetic control operations. | 1978 | 308410 |
| vector density gradients and the epidemiology of urban malaria in dakar, senegal. | the dispersion of anopheline mosquitoes from their breeding places and its impact on malaria epidemiology has been investigated in dakar, senegal, where malaria is hypoendemic and almost exclusively transmitted by anopheles arabiensis. pyrethrum spray collections were carried out along a 910-meter area starting from a district bordering on a permanent marsh and continuing into the center of the city. according to the distance from the marsh, vector density (the number of an. arabiensis per 100 r ... | 1992 | 1354414 |
| [evaluation of the efficacy of fenitrothion (sumithion pm40) on vector density and the prevalence of malaria in pout (thiès, sénégal)]. | house-spraying with fenitrothion for malaria control was evaluated in three villages of the pout rural community (senegal) between august 1988 and october 1990. the baseline data were collected during the first year. the malaria vector was identified as anopheles arabiensis and the highest malaria prevalence was observed in october 1988 (38%) in the child population (2-9 years old). a simple round of fenitrothion house-spraying at 1 g/m2 was carried out in the second part of july 1989. about 90% ... | 1992 | 1417157 |
| [observations on malaria vectors in mozambique. i. the status of anopheles populations before the start of mosquito control]. | the basic status parameters of populations of the main malaria vectors (anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus) in the vicinity of the city of maputo, mozambique, were considered, such as mosquito density and its seasonal variation, female biting activity rate, degree of mosquito-man contact, degree of exophilia and endophagy, physiological age of females, duration of gonotrophic cycle, sporozoite index, vectorial capacity, entomological inoculation rate. | 1992 | 1435552 |
| [diversity of malaria in the sahelo-saharan region. a review apropos of the status in niger, west africa]. | the concept of epidemiologic facies of malaria underlines the diversity in the expression of the disease in areas where important ecological variations interfere largely with transmission. niger is quite a border region between the afrotropical fauna from the south and the palearctic fauna from the north. the last one filters through the mountains where it maybe represents a relic of ancient paleoclimates. annual variations of the northern limit of anopheles arabiensis, in the sahelo-saharan reg ... | 1992 | 1476465 |
| sensitivity of a ribosomal rna gene probe for identification of life stages of anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae (diptera: culicidae) using three storage methods. | individual larvae, pupae, female adults, and adult body parts of anopheles arabiensis patton and an. gambiae giles were stored for 1 mo either in isopropanol at room temperature, over a desiccant at room temperature, or at -70 degrees c. dna was extracted, digested with ecor1 restriction enzyme, subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gel, transferred to filters, then hybridized to a 32p-labeled rdna probe. there was no difference among storage treatments in the proportion of correctly identifie ... | 1992 | 1495060 |
| intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the kisumu area of kenya. | the paracentric inversion polymorphisms of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis populations in the kisumu area of western kenya were studied in relation to parameters of plasmodium falciparum transmission. anopheles gambiae (n = 1,387) was polymorphic for inversions b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on arm 2l, with frequencies of the inverted arrangements of 17% and 43%, respectively. anopheles arabiensis (n = 484) was polymorphic for inversion b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on 3r, with frequencies o ... | 1992 | 1539757 |
| efficacy of esbiothrin mosquito coils at community level in northern tanzania. | field trials with mosquito coils containing 0.15% esbiothrin at usa river settlement, northern tanzania, during 1986 achieved a 52% reduction in biting rates of anopheles arabiensis patton and a 73% reduction of culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes. no mosquito biting activity occurred during the coil burning period which started at 20.00 hours daily and lasted for an average of 8.6 h. a sociological survey indicated that the coils were favourably accepted and produced no serious side-effects. | 1992 | 1600226 |
| potential use of bendiocarb (ficam vc) for malaria control in an area of zimbabwe. | ficam (bendiocarb) was tested for its residual efficacy and irritation in malaria vector control by using a laboratory bred colony of anopheles arabiensis. in the study area, the insecticide remained active for up to 8 wk (96% mortality) on thatch. in similar, especially constructed huts, 74% mortality was achieved up to 20 wk on mud compared with up to 100% on thatch. in the special huts, release/capture studies indicated that the lethal effect of ficam on the insects was more pronounced than i ... | 1991 | 1787397 |
| [evaluation of the efficacity of pesguard-ps 201 ultra low volume (ulv) spraying against mosquitos in the pout area (thies, senegal)]. | in september 1989, four weekly ulv applications of pesguard-ps (pyrethroid) with semco car mounted ulv aerosol generator in pout (thiès, sénégal) were ineffective against adult populations of anopheles arabiensis, culex quinquefasciatus and others culicines. no decrease in the mosquito populations was observed both indoor and out door in the test area. | 1991 | 1842778 |
| cytogenetic characterization of two laboratory colonies of anopheles arabiensis patton from ethiopia. | polytene chromosome analysis was carried out in samples of anopheles arabiensis from two colonies originating from different sites in the rift valley, ethiopia. both colonies were found to maintain the main chromosomal inversion variations existing in wild populations. changes in karyotype frequencies were documented as well as excesses of heterokaryotypes. | 1991 | 1844516 |
| use of an electrostatic sprayer for control of anopheline mosquitoes. | the electrodyn sprayer was compared with a compression sprayer (hudson x-pert) for residual application of cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, to control the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis patton and an. funestus giles in experimental huts at magugu in tanzania. the time taken for hut spraying, 2-2.5 min per hut, was similar for both types of sprayer. two or three huts were treated internally with cypermethrin at 40 or 80 mg a.i./m2 using electrodyn formulation for comparison with 80 m ... | 1990 | 2132974 |
| malaria transmission potential of anopheles mosquitoes in the mwea-tebere irrigation scheme, kenya. | 1. anopheles arabiensis patton and an. funestus giles were identified as vectors of plasmodium falciparum malaria in the mwea-tebere irrigation scheme, kenya. an. arabiensis was the only member of the an. gambiae complex identified from chromosome characteristics. other anopheles species found included an. pharoensis theobald, an. rufipes gough and an. coustani laveran. survival rates per gonotrophic cycle for an. arabiensis averaged 0.37 during the short rains (october-november), 0.49 during th ... | 1990 | 2133010 |
| malaria transmission and vector biology in manarintsoa, high plateaux of madagascar. | to evaluate the factors which determine the transmission level of falciparum malaria, entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted from october 1988 to february 1990 in manarintsoa in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. mosquitoes were collected for 928 man-nights in pit shelters and indoor resting sites. malaria vectors were anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus, with no evidence of the presence of an. gambiae sensu stricto. vectors were mainly exophilic and zoophilic. the ... | 1990 | 2202220 |
| anopheles gambiae complex egg-stage survival in dry soil from larval development sites in western kenya. | the potential for anopheles egg survival in dry soil from larval development sites was investigated in western kenya. a total of 230 dry soil samples collected in 1987, 1988 and 1989 yielded 126 first-instar anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae from 2 to 5 days after flooding with water. these larvae were from dried animal hoofprints along streams (57.9%), from dried edges of permanent and temporary pools (41.3%) and from dried stream beds (0.8%). larval density was 1.2 larvae/kg of soil from positive ... | 1990 | 2324714 |
| microplate assay of glutathione s-transferase activity for resistance detection in single-mosquito triturates. | 1. optimum conditions are described for a simple, rapid microplate assay that measures glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity accurately and precisely in small portions of single mosquito homogenates. 2. up to 10 assay replicates were possible for individual adults and larvae. concentration of gst activity in the head/thorax region allows blood-fed mosquitoes with abdomens removed to be used in assays. 3. the method allows the use of gst activity as a biochemical character in comparative studi ... | 1990 | 2361364 |
| effect of ddt on survival and blood feeding success of anopheles arabiensis in northern kwazulu, republic of south africa. | the effect of house spraying with ddt on blood-feeding and resting behavior of an. arabiensis in natal province, republic of south africa, was investigated. indoor resting occurred in both control (unsprayed) and replastered (ddt on walls covered due to replastering) huts, but was minimal in fully ddt-sprayed huts. the percentage of bloodfed mosquitoes was greater than 50% in both control and replastered huts, but in the latter huts there was a reduction in the percentage of gravid and an increa ... | 1990 | 2370526 |
| seasonal variations in indoor resting anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in kaduna, nigeria. | a longitudinal study in a guinea savanna area in northern nigeria showed that indoor resting samples consisted almost entirely of an. gambiae in the wet season, characterized by relatively lower temperature and higher relative humidity, whereas an. arabiensis predominated in the dry season, characterized by relatively higher temperature and lower relative humidity. a significant change was also observed in the frequency of polymorphic chromosomal inversions in the population of an. gambiae. the ... | 1985 | 2862779 |
| experimental hut trials of permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets and eave curtains against malaria vectors in tanzania. | permethrin impregnated netting was tested against tanzanian populations of anopheles arabiensis patton, an.gambiae giles and an.funestus giles in experimental huts fitted with traps to catch samples of the mosquitoes existing during the night. treated bednets killed some mosquitoes and increased the tendency of survivors to exit during the night. treated cotton did not perform so well as treated nylon bednets. an impregnated bednet in which holes had been cut, to simulate a torn net, reduced the ... | 1987 | 2979519 |
| dna probes for species identification of mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. | identification of species within the anopheles gambiae giles species complex is essential for the correct evaluation of malaria vector ecology studies and control programmes. the development of dna probes to distinguish species of the an.gambiae complex is described. genomic libraries were prepared for four members of the an.gambiae complex. these were screened using radiolabelled dna from different species of an.gambiae sensu lato and a number of clones selected on the basis of their species sp ... | 1987 | 2979526 |
| use of a male-specific dna probe to distinguish female mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | a method has been developed to distinguish between mated female individuals of the sibling species anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis patton. the dna probe pana1, reported by gale & crampton (1987a) to be useful for the specific identification of an. arabiensis males, is here shown to be sufficiently sensitive to deduce the species identity of inseminated females from the identity of the sperm contained within the spermatheca. | 1988 | 2980163 |
| [malaria in the republic of djibouti. strategy for control using a biological antilarval campaign: indigenous larvivorous fishes (aphanius dispar) and bacterial toxins]. | the authors take stock of the present situation of malaria in the republic of djibouti which, after several decades of silence, seems to have been reintroduced at the beginning of the seventies. actually it is hypo-endemic malaria with plasmodium falciparum of which the only vector seems to be anopheles arabiensis, gambiae complex. the specificity of the larvae nests allows a control strategy based on the only treatment of larvae sites by biological control: larvivorous fishes (aphanius dispar) ... | 1988 | 3043137 |
| evaluation of melia volkensii extract fractions as mosquito larvicides. | a standardized fraction of melia volkensii fruit kernel extract was tested against anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae. the lc50 in 48 hr was 5.4 micrograms/ml. at low concentrations this fraction had growth inhibiting activity producing prolonged larval instars, and lethal effects during ecdysis. further fractionation of the standardised fraction yielded seven bands on preparative thin layer chromatography. the two most lipophilic bands had acute toxic effects on the larvae, the next two bands ... | 1988 | 3225563 |
| an evaluation of the residual lifespan of ddt in malaria control. | the insecticide lifespan of ddt was assessed in huts sprayed for malaria control. the age of the spray deposits ranged from 3 up to 22 months. blood-fed female anopheles arabiensis were either released into the huts or exposed on sprayed surfaces by a bioassay technique. mosquitoes released were recovered in exit traps fitted on windows or dead on the floor. only 50% or less of mosquitoes released in sprayed huts were recovered. mortality figures for recovered mosquitoes ranged from 94% at 3 mon ... | 1988 | 3225572 |
| comparison of dna-probe and isoenzyme methods for differentiating anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | | 1988 | 3280799 |
| [chromosomal study of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in ouagadougou (burkina faso) and various neighboring villages]. | adult females of anopheles gambiae s.1. were collected by pyrethrum spray catch in ouagadougou (burkina faso, formerly upper volta) and in four neighbouring villages. the collections have been carried out mostly during the 1984 rainy season. monthly collections in some sampling sites allowed a preliminary longitudinal study. by analysis of nurse cell polytene chromosomes in adult females, an. gambiae s.str. and an. arabiensis were identified in the study area. both species showed polymorphisms f ... | 1986 | 3455532 |
| genetical investigations on zoophilic and exophilic anopheles arabiensis from antananarivo area (madagascar). | the presence of markedly zoophilic and exophilic anopheles arabiensis at alasora, near antananarivo, madagascar, is confirmed. this population of an. arabiensis appears clearly different in its feeding and resting behaviour when compared to those from continental africa, which, especially in west africa, show rather high degrees of anthropophily and endophily. genetical observations were carried out on material from alasora including polytene chromosome studies, multilocus genetic analysis and c ... | 1987 | 3508514 |
| a field trial of microencapsulated deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, for malaria control. | the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin was evaluated as a 15 mg/m2 residual application of a microencapsulated formulation for efficacy in malaria control in a 50 km2 area of north-eastern zimbabwe. results were compared with very large contiguous ddt sprayed (2g/m2) and unsprayed areas. a total of 3544 rooms were sprayed with deltamethrin. no significant side effects of the insecticide on spraymen were noted. mosquito captures were poor and inconclusive due to drought conditions, but the malaria ... | 1986 | 3810786 |
| nosema algerae (nosematidae, microsporida): laboratory infections of anopheles larvae and prospects for field application. | different larval instars of anopheles arabiensis were infected experimentally using different dosages of nosema algerae spores. the n. algerae infections killed most of the exposed larvae at the instar treated. chronic infections in adults developing from treated larvae decreased fecundity and shortened the life of the adults. the possibility of applying n. algerae as a control agent against an. arabiensis larvae is discussed. | 1985 | 3928900 |
| genetic sexing systems in anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae). | | 1985 | 4056194 |
| epidemiology of seasonal falciparum malaria in an urban area of senegal. | a 15-month longitudinal survey was carried out to examine entomological and parasitological aspects of human malaria transmission in pikine, a city located in the sudan savanna zone on the cap vert peninsula in the west of senegal. the anopheline population was sampled twice weekly indoors by night human bait capture. during the same period, thick and thin blood films were collected from 296 children at 2-month intervals. anopheles arabiensis was the only species responsible for transmission of ... | 1983 | 6360402 |
| genetic linkage between malathion and dieldrin resistance in anopheles arabiensis. | a strain of anopheles arabiensis resistant to both malathion and dieldrin was crossed and backcrossed to a susceptible strain. the progeny were tested on each insecticide in turn. less than 50% mortality in the second insecticide exposure among the backcross progeny indicated linkage between the resistance genes. in a backcross of a. gambiae x a. arabiensis hybrids a recombination rate of 7.5% was observed. a y-translocation strain of a. arabiensis showed less than 2.8% recombination between the ... | 1984 | 6543150 |
| biochemical studies on malathion resistance in anopheles arabiensis from sudan. | the change from larval to adult mosquito control in the gezira area of sudan resulted in a decrease in the prevalence of malaria in this region. house spraying with malathion began in 1975 and resistance to this compound was first detected in 1978. laboratory tests showed that adult anopheles arabiensis patton were resistant to malathion and phenthoate but susceptible to all other organophosphates tested. the larvae of this strain were susceptible to malathion. the malathion resistance in the ad ... | 1983 | 6636275 |
| competition between culex quinquefasciatus say and anopheles arabiensis patton in the khartoum area, sudan. | | 1983 | 6874137 |
| value of cuticular and internal hydrocarbons for the identification of larvae of anopheles gambiae giles, anopheles arabiensis patton and anopheles melas theobald. | gas chromatographic profiles of the cuticular and internal lipids extracted from 4th-instar larvae of the anopheles gambiae complex have shown quantitative differences in their chain length distributions. for example, hydrocarbons extracted with 95% ethanol showed relative differences in peak heights eluting at kovat indices (ki's) 2840 (an. gambiae 1.21, an. arabiensis 1.39 and an. melas 1.14) and 3150 (an. gambiae 6.73, an. arabiensis 13.40 and an. melas 13.50). however, while using the non-hy ... | 1983 | 6882067 |
| cytogenetic studies on the malaria vector mosquito anopheles arabiensis patton in the awash valley, ethiopia. | blood fed female mosquitoes were collected from human dwellings in the awash valley, ethiopia. those identified morphologically as a. gambiae s.l. were preserved in carnoy's fixative for later ovarian polytene chromosomes examination. only one member of the a. gambiae complex, a. arabiensis, was found by such examination. the polymorphic inversions identified were 2rb and 3ra. the frequencies of these inversions were variable in different localities and the former inversion was found to form an ... | 1982 | 6926941 |
| anopheles arabiensis in the cape verde archipelago. | | 1982 | 6926943 |
| mosquito records from the republic of niger, with reference to the construction of the new 'trans-sahara highway'. | construction of a new, fully-tarred 'trans-sahara highway' from the coast of algeria to nigeria is well advanced. information on the distribution of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes collected in niger during a survey in august and september, 1979 is presented and discussed. particular reference is made to the dangers of west african malaria vectors being transported north along the highway as traffic increases. the vector species, anopheles arabiensis, was found as far north as agadez (17 degr ... | 1981 | 7241627 |
| identification of mosquitoes of anopheles gambiae species complex a and b by analysis of cuticular components. | two important vectors of malaria in africa, anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae), often occur sympatrically and cannot be distinguished morphologically. a chemical method was developed to identify individual laboratory-reared adult males or females of either species by extraction and analysis of cuticular components with gas chromatography. statistically significant differences were seen between species when selected pairs of peaks were compared. | 1980 | 7355276 |
| anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour in relation to insecticide house-spraying in tanzania. | differential responses of the mosquitoes anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae sensu stricto to house-spraying with ddt or lambda-cyhalothrin were evaluated in relation to chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour of these malaria vectors in tanzania. blood-fed mosquitoes from pit traps outdoors, exit traps on windows and indoor-resting catches were identified cytogenetically and the chromosomal inversion frequencies compared between samples and species. their outdoor-rest ... | 1995 | 7548951 |
| test for association of ddt resistance with inversion polymorphism in anopheles arabiensis from ethiopia. | association of ddt resistance levels with chromosome inversion polymorphism was investigated in anopheles arabiensis samples collected from southwestern ethiopia. the frequencies of the 2ra, 2rd, and 3ra inversions in 1988 and 1990 between the ddt survivors pooled from the 3 times of exposure and unexposed controls did not differ significantly. however, for 2rb a significant association was observed (mantel-haenszel chi 2, stratified for year of collection = 10.4, p < 0.001). the inversion frequ ... | 1995 | 7595453 |
| an immunological factor that affects anopheles gambiae survival. | high titers of antibodies against anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in new zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. the serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated r2b6) killed 71.6% (abbott's adjusted % mortality) of an. gambiae within 7 days. mosquitoes ingesting r2b6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. anopheles stephensi and anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting r2b6 s ... | 1995 | 7616189 |
| host blood meals and chromosomal inversion polymorphism in anopheles arabiensis in the baringo district of kenya. | studies were carried out in the villages of kapkuikui and maji-ndege in the loboi area of baringo district, kenya, to obtain baseline data on species identification of the anopheles gambiae group, their feeding and resting behavior, and their frequencies of chromosomal inversions. this was carried out towards predicting the effect of introducing permethrin-impregnated cloths or other intervention measures. in this study, anopheles arabiensis was identified as the only species of the an. gambiae ... | 1994 | 7707055 |
| origin of blood meals in indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in western kenya. | blood meals were obtained from indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in three villages of western kenya and tested by sandwich elisa to determine host preferences and their human blood index (hbi). anopheles gambiae s.s. collected indoors at kisian village had a hbi of 0.97 while that of anopheles arabiensis collected at ahero was 0.23. however, the hbi of a. arabiensis varied depending on the availability of outdoor resting shelters. most female a. arabiensis (98.9%) collected outdoors in ... | 1994 | 7709869 |
| the effects of house spraying with ddt or lambda-cyhalothrin against anopheles arabiensis on measures of malarial morbidity in children in tanzania. | the effects of house spraying of ddt and lambda-cyhalothrin against populations of anopheles arabiensis were assessed in children aged between 1 and 10 years with regard to fever episodes and parasite prevalences. ddt and lambda-cyhalothrin treatment did not reduce the prevalence of malaria episodes as defined by fever (temperatures > or = 37.4 degrees c and/or fever reported) combined with high parasitaemia (> or = 100 parasites/200 leucocytes). however, the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia, ... | 1993 | 7902649 |
| small-scale field evaluation of the monomolecular surface film 'arosurf msf' against anopheles arabiensis patton. | a field trial was conducted to test the insecticidal action of the monolayer surface film 'arosurf msf' applied by knapsack sprayers, against larvae and pupae of anopheles arabiensis patton in a rice irrigation scheme in western kenya. larval and pupal densities and the number of emerging adults were determined by dipping and emergence cages respectively. application of the monolayer by knapsack sprayers provided good coverage. there were high daily mortalities of the fourth instar larvae, with ... | 1994 | 8023759 |
| molecular phylogeny of the anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors. | the six afrotropical species of mosquitoes comprising the anopheles gambiae complex include the most efficient vectors of malaria in the world as well as a nonvector species. the accepted interpretation of evolutionary relationships among these species is based on chromosomal inversions and suggests that the two principal vectors, a. gambiae and anopheles arabiensis, are on distant branches of the phylogenetic tree. however, dna sequence data indicate that these two species are sister taxa and s ... | 1994 | 8041714 |
| biting pattern and host-seeking behavior of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in northeastern south africa. | biting rhythm as well as vertical and horizontal distribution of host-seeking anopheles arabiensis patton was studied at a remote warm-water spring in the kruger national park, south africa, which usually is devoid of human presence. an. arabiensis seeking hosts were collected throughout the night with several peaks, often with greatest biting activity during the predawn period. abundance did not decline linearly as a function of distance from the breeding area, but was related to vegetation pat ... | 1994 | 8057306 |
| salivary apyrase in african and new world vectors of plasmodium species and its relationship to malaria transmission. | the salivary gland activities of apyrase, an enzyme that prevents platelet aggregation by eliminating adp, were compared among five members of the anopheles gambiae species complex and an. albimanus. within the an. gambiae group, an. quadriannulatus exhibited the lowest amount of enzyme activity at all ph levels measured. apyrase activity could be separated into three groups at ph 7.5 and 8.0. the two most anthropophilic species (an. gambiae and an. arabiensis) exhibited higher activity at ph 9. ... | 1994 | 8116818 |
| assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. 1. a laboratory study using anopheles arabiensis and cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae) on treated daub wall substrates from natal, south africa. | laboratory assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin (icon) 10% ai against anopheles arabiensis and cimex lectularius was carried out. the insecticide was applied to daub substrates, simulating the wall surface of houses from 3 areas within the endemic malaria area of natal, south africa. variability in residual efficacy was found between different areas and appeared to correlate to organic content of the substrate. residual efficacy against an. arabiensis ranged from as little a ... | 1993 | 8126474 |
| assessment of the residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. 2. a comparison with ddt for the intradomiciliary control of anopheles arabiensis in south africa. | there are several factors that support the need to assess the efficacy of potential alternative insecticides to ddt for malaria vector control. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the persistence and efficacy against anopheles arabiensis of lambda-cyhalothrin used as an intradomiciliary insecticide in daub huts and to compare its efficacy in this regard to ddt. exit trap catches showed the population of an. arabiensis was high during the months of january to march, with a peak in febru ... | 1993 | 8126475 |
| [epidemiological malaria surveillance in 3 villages of the madagascar highlands]. | results of the epidemiological surveillance of falciparum malaria carried out since 1987 in three villages of the malagasy highlands are reported. they clearly show the unsteady endemo-epidemic characteristic of the disease with highly variable transmission levels according to foci. at manarintsoa, a south-western village 20km away from the capital, the disease has now fully disappeared after the ravage of 1986. but it might reappear with new imported cases and by lack of antivectorial measures. ... | 1993 | 8192540 |
| species composition and inversion polymorphism of the anopheles gambiae complex in some sites of ghana, west africa. | samples of anopheles gambiae s.1. were collected from eight localities belonging to four of the five main ecological strata of ghana. analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes revealed the presence of a. gambiae s.s. in all the sites studied, while a. arabiensis was detected only in the extreme northern locality of navrongo and a. melas in some southern sites. anopheles arabiensis showed a degree of inversion polymorphism comparable to the one observed in other west african countries. the analysi ... | 1994 | 8203292 |
| field trials of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) formulations against anopheles arabiensis in the central highlands of madagascar. | malaria is highly endemic and unstable in the central highlands plateau of madagascar. the infection is seasonally transmitted by anopheles funestus and an. arabiensis. the latter species is abundant especially in rice-growing areas. the field efficacies of commercial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and b. sphaericus (strain 2362) were assessed against an. arabiensis in 5 types of larval habitats. the granular formulation of b. thuringiensis (vectobac gr) provided very good control i ... | 1993 | 8245944 |
| plasmodium falciparum sporozoite and entomological inoculation rates at the ahero rice irrigation scheme and the miwani sugar-belt in western kenya. | anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus were collected by pyrethrum spray sheet collections in houses and by human-bait catches at a village in western kenya adjacent to the ahero rice irrigation scheme; and using the same methods, an. gambiae s.l. and an. funestus were collected at miwani, a village in the sugar-cane belt. plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates were determined by elisa. at ahero the mean sporozoite rates were 1.1% and 4.3% in an. arabiensis and an. funestus, respectively, while a ... | 1993 | 8250629 |
| effective population size and persistence of anopheles arabiensis during the dry season in west africa. | the way that the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and an.gambiae survive the dry season in sub-saharan sahel or northern savanna areas of africa remains enigmatic. we examined this problem by calculating the effective sizes (ne) of an.arabiensis populations for several locations in west africa. an indirect/genetic procedure was used, comparing gene frequencies at several time intervals. the amount of drift which occurred provides an estimate of ne. most estimates of ne were approximately 200 ... | 1993 | 8268490 |
| defecation by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes of host blood infected with live trypanosoma congolense. | female anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes were experimentally fed on hamsters and balb/c mice which were either clean or infected with trypanosoma congolense. the mosquitoes readily fed on either animal. a blood repletion rate of 82.7% was recorded for mosquitoes feeding on hamsters. seventy seven per cent of the replete mosquitoes continued to feed while at the same time defecating the host's blood in droplets, ejected in quick succession from the anus. ninety five per cent of mosquitoes defecatin ... | 1993 | 8516628 |
| probing and gorging responses of three mosquito species to a membrane feeding system at a range of temperatures. | membrane feeding of 3 mosquito species, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and anopheles arabiensis, with formulated protein meals was carried out at a range of temperatures. the response was evaluated in terms of probing after 5 min, engorgement after 90 min, and 50% feeding time. aedes aegypti showed a satisfactory feeding response across the complete temperature range investigated, 28-40 degrees c, although engorgement was significantly faster between 36 and 40 degrees c. anopheles stephensi ... | 1995 | 8551304 |
| distribution and ecology of the mosquito fauna in the southwestern saudi arabia. | a mosquito larval survey was carried out in the southwestern region of saudi arabia for a two subsequent years period. nine mosquito species were identified; 4 anopheline species; anopheles arabiensis, an. sergentii, an. multicolor and an. tenebrosus and 3 culicine species, culex pipiens, cx. quinquefaciatus and cx. theileri as well as one aedine species, aedes caspius and culiseta subochrea. a map was made showing the distribution of the encountered species and a full description of all breedin ... | 1995 | 8586876 |
| some observations on the biting behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles arabiensis, and anopheles funestus and their implications for malaria control. | studies were carried out in three villages in western kenya on the biting behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles arabiensis, and anopheles funestus. blood feeding behavior and departure from houses were studied under the impact of permethrin-impregnated eaves-sisal curtains. only 2-13% of the female vector population was collected biting before 2200 hr. over 90% of the villagers went to bed by 2100 hr. an. funestus was 6.6-8.2 times more likely to bite people indoors than outdoors, while ... | 1996 | 8631382 |
| [the utilization of molecular biological tools in the study of malaria transmission: example of programs conducted in senegal]. | some informations about malaria transmission, which has until nox difficult to get, can be obtained thanks to the use of molecular biology tools, pcr mainly. in senegal, we use that technique to solve two kinds of problems: -identification of species of the anopheles gambiae complex: pcr technique is useful compared to other diagnostic methods (chromosome pattern, dna probes, etc.) because it enables quickly and simply identification of captured anopheles from the dna contained in their legs. th ... | 1995 | 8649267 |
| impact of rapid urbanization on mosquitoes and their disease transmission potential in accra and tema, ghana. | the total of 75 mosquito species recorded in accra have declined to 28 species. contributing factors to this decline and the reduction in prevalence of malaria and bancroftian filariasis in accra presently include extensive water pollution and a fairly high daily mosquito mortality due to several factors including loss of natural adult resting places, use of mosquito repellents and the probable increase of anopheles arabiensis population. presently low yellow fever incidence is due inter alia to ... | 1995 | 8669399 |
| the relationship between female body size and survival rate of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in ethiopia. | the relationship between female mosquito body size and survival rate was studied in field populations of anopheles arabiensis in the awash valley, central ethiopia. body size was quantified by measuring the wing-length. highly significant correlations were found between size, parousness and insemination. it was concluded that larger an.arabiensis females have a higher probability of survival, being inseminated and producing more egg batches than smaller adults. implications for vectorial capacit ... | 1996 | 8744710 |
| a malariometric survey in turkana district, kenya: chemosensitivity in vivo of plasmodium falciparum infections and identity of the vector. | we have carried out a limited survey in vivo of the efficacy of chloroquine (n = 39) and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (n = 29) as treatments for falciparum malaria in kaling, turkana district, northern kenya. both treatments were effective, achieving clinical cure (> 75% reduction in parasitaemia on day 2 with clinical improvement, and negative blood slide on day 7) in both children and adults. a limited entomological survey suggested that the main malaria vector in this area was anopheles arabiens ... | 1996 | 8758085 |
| [vector control in the epidemics of the madagascar highlands]. | the plateau, or more precisely the highlands, cover most of the central part of madagascar with an altitude higher than 1,000 m. there the climate is tropical with a wet and hot season, from october through april coincident with further outbreaks of malaria. this alternates with a dry season from may through september when the temperature is not favorable to the development of the vectors and the extrinsic cycle of the parasite. the malaria is unstable. the short season of transmission is someti ... | 1995 | 8784547 |
| [entomological surveillance in mauritius]. | the entomological surveillance is an essential link in the fight against malaria in mauritius. because of the large number of malaria-infected travellers in mauritius and the presence of the vector anopheles arabiensis, the risk of local transmission is very real. the medical entomology division together with the malaria control unit and the health appointees exert a rigorous entomological surveillance of malaria. field agents make entomological investigations of pilot villages and around the ha ... | 1995 | 8784549 |
| field evaluation of arthropod repellents, deet and a piperidine compound, ai3-37220, against anopheles funestus and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | a field evaluation of the repellents n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (ai3-37220, a piperidine compound) was conducted against anopheles funestus and an. arabiensis in kenya. both repellents provided significantly more protection (p < 0.001) than the ethanol control. ai3-37220 was significantly more effective (p < 0.001) than deet in repelling both species of mosquitoes. after 9 h, 0.1 mg/cm2 of ai3-37220 provided 89.8% and 71.1% protecti ... | 1996 | 8827589 |
| the polymerase chain reaction method as a tool for identifying members of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera:culicidae) in northeastern tanzania. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers developed at the centers for disease control in atlanta for the identification of members of the anopheles (cellia) gambiae giles complex were tested on material collected in the bagamoyo and muheza districts of northeastern tanzania. part of the sample from bagamoyo was chromosomally identified and correlated with the pcr identifications. this sample contained 170 anopheles arabiensis, 328 an. gambiae, and 58 anopheles merus, of which 121, 237, and 54 spe ... | 1996 | 8827604 |
| effects of variations in a formulated protein meal on the fecundity and fertility of female mosquitoes. | a formulated protein meal developed by kogan (1990) for adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes was evaluated and modified to increase egg and pupal yield. a vigorous laboratory colony was maintained with the females fed exclusively on this dietary formula for about twenty-five generations over more than 2 years. extra modifications were made to produce a diet suitable for anopheles arabiensis and anopheles stephensi females to produce eggs. both formulations contain bovine albumin, haemoglobin an ... | 1996 | 8887337 |
| resting habits of anopheles arabiensis in the awash river valley of ethiopia. | the indoor- and outdoor-resting habits of anopheles arabiensis were studied over 2 years in central ethiopia. pyrethrum-spray catches and outlet-window-trap collections were carried out in both ddt-sprayed village huts and unsprayed huts. mosquitoes were also collected from pit shelters and natural outdoor-resting sites. females were marked and released in order to investigate their daytime-resting sites in sprayed and unsprayed huts. the an. arabiensis population in the study area is partially ... | 1996 | 8915128 |
| different response to plasmodium falciparum malaria in west african sympatric ethnic groups. | the comparison of malaria indicators among populations that have different genetic backgrounds and are uniformly exposed to the same parasite strains is one approach to the study of human heterogeneties in the response to the infection. we report the results of comparative surveys on three sympatric west african ethnic groups, fulani, mossi, and rimaibé, living in the same conditions of hyperendemic transmission in a sudan savanna area northeast of ouagadougou, burkina faso. the mossi and rimaib ... | 1996 | 8917569 |
| resting behaviour, ecology and genetics of malaria vectors in large scale agricultural areas of western kenya. | in kenya indoor and outdoor resting densities of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus at the ahero rice irrigation scheme, and anopheles gambiae s.s., an. arabiensis and an. funestus at the miwani sugar belt were assessed for 13 months by pyrethrum spray collections in houses and granaries. the vector's house leaving behaviour was evaluated with exit traps and it was noted that early exophily (i.e., deliberate) was not detected in any of the vectors. assortative indoor/outdoor resting beh ... | 1996 | 9257337 |
| host choice by indoor-resting anopheles arabiensis in ethiopia. | the host preference of indoor resting anopheles arabiensis has been determined using a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a total of 611 specimens, 258 from human dwellings, 179 from mixed dwellings, and 174 from cattle sheds, was examined. the proportion of human blood meals identified was highest from mosquitoes caught in human dwellings (91.5%), followed by those from mixed dwellings (20.2%) and cattle sheds (3.5%) (p < 0.0001). the smaller proportion of human blood meals from mixed dw ... | 1997 | 9373624 |
| the differing impact of chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine upon the infectivity of malaria species to the mosquito vector. | using serum or infected blood from danish volunteers and plasmodium falciparum-infected mozambican patients, respectively, the impact of curative doses of chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine upon infectivity of p. falciparum to anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae or of p. berghei to an. stephensi was studied. both treatments cleared circulating p. falciparum gametocytes within 28 days. before this clearance, chloroquine enhanced infectivity to an. arabiensis, whereas pyrimethamine/sulfado ... | 1998 | 9502601 |
| morphometric multivariate analysis of field samples of adult anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae). | the afrotropical complex of sibling species anopheles gambiae giles includes the most efficient vectors of human malaria south of the sahara. anopheles arabiensis patton and an. gambiae s.s. giles are the members of the complex more adapted to the human environment. they are sympatric and synchronic over most of their distribution range; however, they show a different involvement in malaria transmission, with an. gambiae being more anthropophilic and endophilic than an. arabiensis. discriminatin ... | 1998 | 9542341 |
| differential responses of mosquito sibling species anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus to carbon dioxide, a man or a calf. | field studies on responses of two mosquito sibling species, anopheles arabiensis patton and an. quadriannulatus theobald, to a man, a calf and different release rates of carbon dioxide (man, calf and cow equivalents) were conducted in north-eastern south africa. various combinations of baits were compared in two-choice tests, using two mosquito nets, placed 2.5 m apart and 10 cm off the ground. mosquitoes attracted to the baits were able to enter the nets from below and were collected by means o ... | 1998 | 9622366 |
| use of short tandem repeats for the analysis of genetic variability in sympatric populations of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis. | anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis were analysed at 30 short tandem repeat (str) loci originally developed for use in an. gambiae. all specimens were collected from the same village in kilifi district, coastal kenya. all 30 loci were amplified in the an. gambiae specimens, whereas 25 out of 30 loci (83.3%) were successfully amplified in the an. arabiensis specimens. both species had similar levels of polymorphism for the loci that were amplified (93.3% for an. gambiae and 92% for an. arabiensi ... | 1998 | 9675871 |
| [malaria transmission in the rural zone of niakhar, senegal]. | the anopheline bioecology and the malaria transmission were studied from january to december 1995 in three villages of the sahelian rural area of niakhar, senegal. this area of 29000 inhabitants, has been for several decades, a regional observatory for population and health. the three methods used for collecting mosquitoes were the collection at larval stages, the all night human biting collection, and the pyrethrum spray catch in houses during afternoons. the anophelines collected were, by nume ... | 1998 | 9735937 |
| age grading anopheles arabiensis: their gorging and surviving responses using a membrane feeding system. | literature on artificial membrane feeding has traditionally supported the notion that mosquitoes have to be enough old to present a high gorging rate and enough young to present a high surviving rate. in order to know the best mosquito age to perform a plasmodium sp. experimental infection revealed by oocyst examination, anopheles arabiensis of known ages were fed on baudruche membrane with fresh human blood thermostated at 37 degrees c. the response was evaluated in term of gorging after ten mi ... | 1998 | 9754303 |
| cloning of inversion breakpoints in the anopheles gambiae complex traces a transposable element at the inversion junction. | anopheles arabiensis, one of the two most potent malaria vectors of the gambiae complex, is characterized by the presence of chromosomal paracentric inversions. elucidation of the nature and the dynamics of these inversions is of paramount importance for the understanding of the population genetics and evolutionary biology of this mosquito and of the impact on malaria epidemiology. we report here the cloning of the breakpoints of the naturally occurring polymorphic inversion 2rd' of a. arabiensi ... | 1998 | 9770505 |
| gorging response of wild anopheles arabiensis using membrane feeder with baudruche or parafilm. | | 1998 | 9772730 |
| [malaria in antananarivo: evaluation of a post-epidemic situation]. | antananarivo has a population of close to one million inhabitants and is located in the highlands of madagascar. the capital was, until some years ago, thought to be a malaria transmission-free zone. however, between 1985 and 1990, several malaria cases occurred in the suburbs of antananarivo, along the ikopa river (the betsimitatatra plain), suggesting that local transmission was occurring. numerous malaria cases have since been reported by health workers each year, but there is insufficient ep ... | 1998 | 9794035 |
| the use of microsatellites to study gene flow in natural populations of anopheles malaria vectors in africa: potential and pitfalls. | the potential of microsatellites as population genetic markers in the malarial vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis was assessed using 4 loci. substantial genetic divergence was found not only between these species but also between the mopti and forest chromosomal forms of an. gambiae, demonstrating that microsatellites do have the power to detect barriers to gene flow in these mosquitoes. however, application and interpretation of microsatellites was not necessarily straightforwar ... | 1998 | 9813823 |
| complexities in the genetic structure of anopheles gambiae populations in west africa as revealed by microsatellite dna analysis. | chromosomal forms of anopheles gambiae, given the informal designations bamako, mopti, and savannah, have been recognized by the presence or absence of four paracentric inversions on chromosome 2. studies of karyotype frequencies at sites where the forms occur in sympatry have led to the suggestion that these forms represent species. we conducted a study of the genetic structure of populations of an. gambiae from two villages in mali, west africa. populations at each site were composed of the ba ... | 1998 | 9826688 |
| ecology of larval mosquitoes, with special reference to anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culcidae) in market-garden wells in urban dakar, senegal. | the urban area of dakar, senegal, contains > 5,000 market-garden wells that provide permanent sites for mosquito larvae, in particular anopheles arabiensis patton, the major vector of malaria. a study of the bioecology of mosquito larvae was conducted over 1 yr with a monthly visit to 48 of these wells. overall, 9,589 larvae were collected of which 80.1% were culicinae and 11.9% anophelinae. larvae from stages iii and iv (n = 853) were identified to 10 species. an. arabiensis represented 86% of ... | 1998 | 9835685 |
| [establishing a strain of anopheles arabiensis (diptera:culicidae) in an insectarium]. | for the first time in dakar (senegal), we managed to establish a local colony of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in insectarium. the observations on the productivity of the colony showed a gradual adaptation of the preimaginal stages to insectarium conditions. the estimated duration of the development of the various preimaginal stages showed an interval of 24 hours for egg hatching, 48 h for stage i, 24 h for stage ii, 24 h for stage iii and 36 h for the pupal stage. stage iv which mak ... | 1998 | 9846230 |
| analysis of genetic variability in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae using microsatellite loci. | we analysed genetic variability in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae populations using microsatellite loci to determine whether the rift valley restricts the flow of genes. deviations from hardy-weinberg expectations were significant, and were most likely to be due to the high frequency of null alleles observed. an. arabiensis populations occurring between 40 and 700 km apart across the eastern arm of the rift valley were not differentiated (pair-wise f(st) range: 0.0033-0.0265, p > 0.0 ... | 1999 | 10380112 |
| estimation of plasmodium falciparum oocyst survival in anopheles arabiensis. | | 1998 | 10396349 |
| high amounts of genetic differentiation between populations of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis from west africa and eastern outer islands. | polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci was examined to assess the level of genetic differentiation between four anopheles arabiensis populations from senegal, the high plateau of madagascar, and reunion and mauritius islands. eight of nine loci showed great polymorphism (2-16 alleles/locus) and significant genetic differentiation was revealed between all four populations by f- and r-statistics, with fst estimates ranging from 0.080 to 0.215 and equivalent rst values ranging between 0.022 and 0 ... | 1999 | 10403334 |
| a description and morphometric comparison of eggs of species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | eggs of the 6 named species of the anopheles gambiae complex are described from scanning electron micrographs of specimens obtained from laboratory colonies or wild-caught females. morphometric measurements of eggs from 5 sources of anopheles arabiensis, 2 of anopheles gambiae, one of anopheles quadriannulatus, 2 of anopheles bwambae, 2 of anopheles merus, and one of anopheles melas are compared, and relationships are analyzed by multivariate statistics. no morphologic characters were species-di ... | 1999 | 10412112 |
| survival and emergence of immature anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in market-gardener wells in dakar, senegal. | anopheles arabiensis is the unique species of the an. gambiae complex observed in the wells dug by market-gardeners in the dakar area. in order to relate the numbers of immature stages and emerging adults mosquitoes, population measurements were performed in eight wells in which an. arabiensis was the only mosquito species. mean density of immature stages was measured using two sampling methods, the dipping with a tray by giving 50 dips in each well, and the quadrat with a frame on 2 or 3 m2 in ... | 1999 | 10416193 |
| nine-year longitudinal study of antibodies to variant antigens on the surface of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | pfemp1 is an antigenically variable molecule which mediates the adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes to a variety of cell types and which is believed to constitute an important target for naturally acquired protective immune responses in malaria. for 9 years we have monitored individuals living in an area of low-intensity, seasonal, and unstable malaria transmission in eastern sudan, and we have used this database to study the acquisition, specificity, and duration of the antibody response to va ... | 1999 | 10417178 |
| [evaluation of the vectorial capacity of anopheles arabiensis (diptera:culicidae) on the island of réunion: an approach to the health risk of malaria importation in an area of eradication]. | following intensive control measures, malaria was eradicated from la réunion island (indian ocean) in 1979. however, potential vectors remain in coastal areas and, each year public health services detect some imported cases from surrounding countries. anopheles arabiensis is the only species which can be responsible for local transmission though its brief life cycle and its exophilic and zoophilic behaviour were found to be key elements in maintaining the eradication status of the disease on the ... | 1999 | 10472451 |
| population structure in the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis patton, in east africa. | the population structure of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis was investigated using data from six microsatellite loci in samples from localities in mozambique and tanzania. genotype frequencies were neither significantly different between houses in a village in tanzania nor between villages within a 20-km radius in mozambique. thus a deme has an area greater than 20 km in radius. at five of the six loci the heterozygosity of the population from mozambique was lower than that from tanzania ... | 1999 | 10583542 |
| genetics of mosquito vector competence. | mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ... | 2000 | 10704476 |
| a study of the urban malaria transmission problem in khartoum. | a study of malaria prevalence and transmission was carried out in khartoum, the capital of sudan. the sentinel sites were el manshia, an urban area on the blue nile and ed dekheinat, a lower-income peri-urban area bordering the white nile. anopheles arabiensis, the only malaria vector encountered, was present throughout the year although vector density varied seasonally. plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in el manshia. in ed dekheinat p. falciparum, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium ... | 2000 | 10708656 |
| absence of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) after four decades of residual house spraying in gokwe district, zimbabwe. | field tests showed that anopheles gambiae s.l. from 4 villages in gokwe district, midlands province, zimbabwe, were susceptible to 4% ddt, 0.025% deltamethrin, 0.025% alpha-cypermethrin, and 0.1% lambdacyhalothrin. in the laboratory, f1 progeny of field-caught females that were identified as anopheles arabiensis patton were completely susceptible to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, lambdacyhathrin, and ddt. the use of insecticides in gokwe district has not yet induced detectable resistance in a ... | 2000 | 10730502 |
| a binding site for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin is lost during larval development in two forest pests. | the insecticidal activity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins towards the forest pests thaumetopoea pityocampa (processionary moth) and lymantria monacha (nun moth) were investigated. cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac were highly toxic (corresponding 50% lethal concentration values: 956, 895, and 379 pg/microl, respectively) to first-instar t. pityocampa larvae. during larval development, cry1ab and cry1ac toxicity decreased with increasing age, although the loss of a ... | 2000 | 10742241 |
| evidence for mitochondrial introgression between anopheles bwambae and anopheles gambiae. | there is evidence for introgression between the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis, which belong to the anopheles gambiae complex. here we consider their relationship to another member of the complex, anopheles bwambae. species identifications were made using rdna-pcr and revealed one an. bwambae/gambiae hybrid among 459 wild-caught mosquitoes. a 237-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial nd5 gene was sequenced in sixty-nine individuals. the results suggest that there is ... | 2000 | 10762428 |
| [characterization of entomopathogenic bacillus samples isolated in senegal and study of their toxicity for malaria vectors]. | a screening program developed in senegal to isolate new strains of entomopathogenic bacillus has led to the isolation of 194 strains of bacillus thuringiensis and 9 strains of bacillus sphaericus from various sites and insect samples. the characterization of these strains regarding their h serotype, their crystal composition and their toxicity against mosquitoes (culex pipiens, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) has led to the isolation of 27 mosquitocidal strains. as malaria is an important ... | 1998 | 10797955 |