| transmission of plasmodium vivax malaria in san diego county, california, 1986. | between 18 june and 20 september 1986, 28 cases of plasmodium vivax malaria were documented in carlsbad, california, a coastal town north of san diego. malaria occurred in 1 local resident who had no risk factors, a second local resident who had traveled to a malarious area 9 months earlier, and 26 mexican migrant workers (mws). among the 28 cases, 27 lived in a square mile marshy area where anopheles hermsi, a newly described american species of the anopheles maculipennis group, was known to be ... | 1990 | 1967916 |
| susceptibility of various mosquitoes of california to subperiodic brugia malayi. | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of six species of mosquitoes, representing three genera, to subperiodic brugia malayi. the black-eye, liverpool strain of aedes aegypti was the susceptible control. mosquitoes were fed on microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus). all mosquitoes, except wild caught culex erythrothorax, were laboratory-reared and allowed to feed when 8 to 10 days old. anopheles freeborni, anopheles hermsi, and culiseta inornata proved refrac ... | 1995 | 8533667 |
| laboratory tests of oviposition by the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, on dark soil as influenced by presence or absence of vegetation. | physical objects like vegetation can influence oviposition by mosquitoes on soil or water substrates. anopheles gambiae s. l. is generally thought to utilize puddles over bare soil as its prime larval habitat and to avoid standing water populated with vegetation. in kisian, kenya near kisumu, water often pools in grassy drainage areas both during and after periods of infrequent rains, when typical puddle habitats become scarce because of drying. this raised the question of whether an. gambiae ha ... | 2006 | 17038187 |
| hematophagous diptera collected from a horse and paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap in southern california: relevance to west nile virus epizootiology. | hematophagous diptera landing on a horse were removed by vacuum, and their numbers were related to a paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap at three locations in southern california where west nile virus activity was high during the preceding year. insects collected from the horse included mosquitoes (nine species), biting midges (culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones), and black flies (simulium bivittatum malloch). mosquitoes were predominantly collected from the head, crest, withers, neck, ch ... | 2008 | 18283951 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| molecular identification of palearctic members of anopheles maculipennis in northern iran. | members of anopheles maculipennis complex are effective malaria vectors in europe and the caspian sea region in northern iran, where malaria has been re-introduced since 1994. the current study has been designed in order to provide further evidence on the status of species composition and to identify more accurately the members of the maculipennis complex in northern iran. | 2007 | 17233887 |
| occurrence of anopheles hermsi (diptera: culicidae) in arizona and colorado. | historically, malaria was a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the western united states, and anopheles freeborni aitken was thought to be the vector west of the continental divide. in 1989, anopheles hermsi barr & guptavanij was described and subsequently found to be an effective laboratory vector of plasmodium. the adults of these two species are morphologically indistinguishable, and therefore polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the dna from 48 mosquitoes collec ... | 2001 | 11296846 |
| susceptibility of anopheles hermsi to plasmodium vivax. | two outbreaks of plasmodium vivax malaria have occurred recently in southern california, and anopheles hermsi, a newly described species closely related to a freeborni, has been implicated as the vector. to assess the competence of a. hermsi as a vector, its susceptibility to p. vivax was compared with that of the efficient vector a. freeborni by allowing 150 females of each species to feed to repletion on infected squirrel monkeys. oocyst density was greater in a. hermsi than in a. freeborni, a ... | 1990 | 2187365 |
| discovery of vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in newly installed above- and belowground stormwater treatment systems in san diego county, california. | stormwater treatment systems (sts) intended to mitigate the potentially negative public health and environmental impact caused by urban runoff are highly conducive to mosquito production. thirty-one sts, 15 aboveground extended detention basins (edbs) and 16 proprietary belowground systems newly installed along state route 125 in san diego county, ca, were inspected monthly between july 2008 and june 2009 for presence of standing water and mosquitoes. during the 12-mo study, standing water was o ... | 2011 | 22238872 |
| diagnostic characterization of anopheles freeborni and an. hermsi by hybrid crosses, frequencies of polytene x chromosomes and rdna restriction enzyme fragments. | a polytene chromosome analysis was prepared from anopheles freeborni collected from 25 locations in north and central california, and parts of washington and oregon. the x chromosome banding pattern, thought previously to be specific to an. hermsi, was common in mosquitoes collected from foothill regions in california, and in all samples from washington and oregon. at some of these locations, many mosquitoes had heterokaryotypes for the inversion that distinguishes the x chromosome of an. freebo ... | 1991 | 1654384 |
| species-diagnostic differences in a ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer from the sibling species anopheles freeborni and anopheles hermsi (diptera:culicidae). | approximately 460 base pairs (bp) of dna sequence that included the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and some flanking 5.8s and 28s ribosomal rna coding regions were compared between the two closely related and morphologically indistinguishable mosquito species anopheles freeborni and a. hermsi and a third related species, a. occidentalis. sequences were determined from 14 clones of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified dna obtained from four colonies of a. freeborni, two colonies o ... | 1991 | 1877723 |
| anopheles hermsi, probable vector of malaria in new mexico. | samples of anopheles freeborni s.1. were collected from areas of new mexico where malaria had once been common and sporozoites had been isolated from this species. specimens were identified by analysis of polytene chromosome banding patterns and by specific rdna fragments generated through the polymerase chain reaction. all samples collected in new mexico were identified as an. hermsi, which was the probable vector of malaria in this region during the early 20th century. | 1993 | 8214271 |
| mosquito capture rate using co2-baited traps in relation to distance from water and height: implications for avian disease transmission. | accumulating evidence suggests that enzootic transmission of pathogens such as west nile virus (wnv) by mosquitoes is governed by host-bird interactions, including mosquito preferences for specific species and developmental stages of host birds, host bird availability, and host defensive behavior. here, we examined how the attack rate of five mosquito species in southern california was influenced by the position of co2-baited traps in relation to distance from water and trap height. we identifie ... | 2016 | 27493249 |
| suitability of monotypic and mixed diets for anopheles hermsi larval development. | the developmental time and survival to eclosion of anopheles hermsi barr & guptavanij fed monotypic and mixed diets of ten food types were examined in laboratory studies. larvae fed monotypic diets containing animal detritus (freeze-dried rotifers, freeze-dried daphnia pulicaria, and tetramin® fish food flakes) and the mixotrophic protistan cryptomonas ovata developed faster and survived better than larvae that were fed other monotypic diets. survival to adulthood of larvae fed several concentra ... | 2016 | 27232128 |
| molecular distinction between populations of gonatocerus morrilli, egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter from texas and california: do cryptic species exist? | two molecular methods were utilized to distinguish geographic populations of gonatocerus morrilli (howard) from texas and california and to test the possibility that this species could exist as a species-complex. inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reactions (issr-pcr) were performed with a 5'-anchored issr primer. twenty-five markers were generated with four populations (40 individuals) of g. morrilli. twenty-three were polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 92%. most ... | 2004 | 15861254 |
| the internal transcribed spacer 2 database--a web server for (not only) low level phylogenetic analyses. | the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) is a phylogenetic marker which has been of broad use in generic and infrageneric level classifications, as its sequence evolves comparably fast. only recently, it became clear, that the its2 might be useful even for higher level systematic analyses. as the secondary structure is highly conserved within all eukaryotes it serves as a valuable template for the construction of highly reliable sequence-structure alignments, which build a fundament for subseque ... | 0 | 16845103 |
| vector-host interactions governing epidemiology of west nile virus in southern california. | southern california remains an important focus of west nile virus (wnv) activity, with persistently elevated incidence after invasion by the virus in 2003 and subsequent amplification to epidemic levels in 2004. eco-epidemiological studies of vectors-hosts-pathogen interactions are of paramount importance for better understanding of the transmission dynamics of wnv and other emerging mosquito-borne arboviruses. we investigated vector-host interactions and host-feeding patterns of 531 blood-engor ... | 2010 | 21118934 |
| west nile virus emergence and persistence in los angeles, california, 2003-2008. | west nile virus (wnv) invaded los angeles in september 2003, and during the subsequent five-year period followed a pattern of amplification, subsidence, and resurgence. enzootic transmission was tracked by abundance and infection incidence in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and cx. tarsalis and by seroprevalence in peridomestic passerine birds, infection in dead birds, and seroconversions in sentinel chickens. culex p. quinquefasciatus served as the primary vector of wnv, with gravid traps servin ... | 2010 | 20682890 |
| colonization of anopheles occidentalis and anopheles hermsi. | the colonization of anopheles occidentalis is described and contrasted with colonization of a related species, an. hermsi. the latter species formerly was considered to be conspecific with the former, but the 2 species differ considerably in biological characteristics. | 1990 | 2370543 |
| evaluation of vegetation management strategies for controlling mosquitoes in a southern california constructed wetland. | the abundance of mosquito larvae and adult production were measured in 3 vegetation treatments and 2 species of emergent macrophytes in replicated wetland mesocosms (12 x 80 m). during the 8-wk study, no significant differences were found in abundances of larvae and emerging adult mosquitoes among the vegetation treatments: 100% of the surface area in emergent vegetation, 50% of the surface area in emergent vegetation in 5-m-wide rows, and 50% of the surface area in emergent vegetation in 10-m-w ... | 2004 | 15088701 |