| studies on the burma (thau.) strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the burma (thau.) strain of plasmodium falciparum was established in 3 aotus trivirgatus monkeys by the inoculation of parasitized blood from man. subsequently, passage from monkey to monkey was obtained through subinoculation of blood parasites to 15 aotus monkeys. anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were fed on these infections on 207 occasions; in 105 of these trials, mosquitoes became infected. a total of 335 (9.9%) of the 3,378 individual mosquitoes dissected were infected. passage of the infect ... | 1978 | 96244 |
| infection and transmission studies with plasmodium simiovale in the macaca mulatta monkey. | six different anophelines--anopheles freeborni, an. b. balabacensis, an. maculatus, an. stephensi, an. atroparvus, and an. quadrimaculatus--were shown to be susceptible to infection with plasmodium simiovale when fed upon splenectomized macaca mulatta monkeys between the 1st and 26th days of patent parasitemia. transmission was obtained via the bites of an. b. balabacensis and an. maculatus mosquitoes. prepatent periods in m. mulatta monkeys following sporozoite inoculation ranged from 11 to 20 ... | 1979 | 117087 |
| studies on the west african i strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the west african i strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from a commercial airline pilot who had an overnight stay in nigeria. once established in the aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkey, the parasite produced high parasitemias and readily infected mosquitoes. anopheles freeborni and an. maculatus mosquitoes transmitted the infection to additional animals. infected salivary glands were also seen in an. culcifacies. comparative infectivity studies indicated the most susceptible mosquito ... | 1979 | 117091 |
| infectivity of plasmodium simium to aotus trivirgatus monkeys and different anophelines. | infections of plasmodium simium were induced in splenectomized and intact aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys by parasitized blood and by sporozoites from anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. eleven of 13 monkeys developed infection after sporozoite inoculation; prepatent periods ranged from 11 to 25 days (mean 15.8 days). comparative infectivity studies indicated that an, freeborni mosquitoes were the most susceptible followed by an. stephensi, an. balabacensis balabacensis, an. maculatus, an. qu ... | 1979 | 120434 |
| an outbreak of introduced malaria in california possibly involving secondary transmission. | during 1974, 12 cases of plasmodium vivax malaria were reported from an agricultural area in california's sacramento valley. at least three of these cases resulted from local mosquito transmission. the imported cases were in punjabi immigrants except for one in an american-born visitor to the punjab. this is the 11th reported outbreak of introduced malaria in the united states since 1952, and the first in california since 1957. a unique aspect of this outbreak is the likelihood that secondary tr ... | 1977 | 320891 |
| studies on the santa lucia (el salvador) strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from el salvador, central america, and established in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. transmission from monkey to monkey via the bites of infected anopheles freeborni, a. maculatus, and a, albimanus mosquitoes was obtained in 20 of 27 attempts. prepatent periods in the monkeys ranged from 17 to 46 days with a mean of 24.3 days. parasitemias and mortality were higher following sporozoite inoculation into animals which had been previously inf ... | 1977 | 403272 |
| infectivity of the santa lucia (el salvador) strain of plasmodium falciparum to different anophelines. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were much more heavily infected with the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum from coastal el salvador than were any of the other species tested. of 5 strains of a. albimanus examined, the most heavily infected was the ca-109a and the least was the melara, both of which come from coastal el salvador. of the exotic anophelines, the a. maculatus was infected at a slightly higher level than was the a. balabacensis. the incidence of highly infected individual mo ... | 1977 | 403273 |
| development of different strains of plasmodium vivax in two species of anopheles. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes with oocyst infections had salivary gland infections at a higher rate of plasmodium vivax from the new world than with strains from asia, particularly those from south vietnam. anopheles maculatus mosquitoes supported development from oocysts to heavily infected salivary glands for all the strains of p. vivax tested. the results suggest that p. vivax introduced from vietnam would be less likely to be transmitted by native a. freeborni mosiquitoes than would malaria ... | 1976 | 779500 |
| studies on human malaria in aotus monkeys. vi. infectivity of plasmodium malariae to different anophelines. | anopheles freeborni, a. balabacensis balabacensis, a. atroparvus, a. stephensi, and a. maculatus mosquitoes were infected by feeding on 12 aotus trivirgatus monkeys infected with a nigerian strain of plasmodium malariae. comparative infectivity studies indicated that the first 2 species were the most heavily infected. | 1975 | 810562 |
| studies on human malaria in aotus monkey. vii. comparative infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to to anopheles freeborni, a. maculatus, and for strains of a. albimanus. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from el salvador was shown to be more infectious to the apastepeque strain of anopheles albimanus from el salvador than was a strain of p. vivax from colombia, s. a. the apastepeque mosquito strain was also more susceptible to the savadoran strain of p. vivax than were 2 other strains of this mosquito from el salvador. a strain of a. albimanus from panama was more susceptible to both of the parasite than were any of the salvadoran strains of a. albimanus. | 1976 | 817008 |
| sporozoite transmission by anopheles freeborni and anopheles gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. | a micro-membrane feeding technique was used to evaluate sporozoite transmission for anopheles freeborni and an. gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. from cohorts of infected mosquitoes with equivalent sporozoite loads, 75.9% of 29 an. freeborni transmitted a geometric mean (gm) of 4.9 sporozoites and 80% of 30 an. gambiae transmitted a gm of 11.3 sporozoites. ingested sporozoites, in the blood meal immediately after feeding, were detected in 86.2% of 29 an. freeborni (gm = ... | 1992 | 1474388 |
| development of a polymorphic strain of plasmodium vivax in monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from thailand with a polymorphic repeat unit of the circumsporozoite protein was established in saimiri sciureus boliviensis and 3 species of aotus monkeys. all 11 attempts to transmit infection via sporozoite inoculation, 4 times to splenectomized s. sciureus boliviensis, 2 times to splenectomized aotus nancymai, and 5 times to intact saimiri monkeys, were successful. anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were in ... | 1992 | 1597793 |
| isolation of northway serotype and other bunyamwera serogroup bunyaviruses from california and oregon mosquitoes, 1969-1985. | eight previously untyped bunyamwera serogroup bunyaviruses that had been isolated from mosquitoes collected in california and oregon between 1969 and 1985, were identified by cross-neutralization tests. four viruses from anopheles freeborni and a virus from aedes sierrensis collected in butte county in the central valley of california in 1970-71 were shown to belong to the northway serotype. the existence of a northway serotype virus in california had been inferred from previous serologic survey ... | 1991 | 1677543 |
| infection of aotus vociferans monkeys with different strains of plasmodium falciparum. | twenty-one splenectomized aotus vociferans monkeys were infected with the different strains/clones of plasmodium falciparum. maximum parasitemia ranged from 1,302 to 1,460,000 parasites per mm3. only the santa lucia strain was shown to produce gametocytes for extended periods. gametocytes produced during the primary episode of parasitemia were highly infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. gametocytes produced during recrudescence were not infective to mosquitoes feeding directly on the ani ... | 1991 | 1865263 |
| plasmodium berghei ookinete densities in three anopheline species. | plasmodium berghei ookinete kinetics and densities were examined in the blood meals of 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes fed simultaneously from a gametocytemic mouse. simple techniques were developed for estimating relative and absolute ookinete densities within individual mosquito blood meals. the kinetics of ookinete formation were similar in all 3 species, with peak ookinete densities occurring from 12 to 24 hr postingestion. ookinete densities consistently were lower in anopheles stephensi ... | 1991 | 1919925 |
| studies on the bioecological aspects of adult mosquitoes in the prado basin of southern california. | studies on the bionomics of adult mosquitoes were carried out in the prado basin of southern california during 1985-86. the faunal composition of mosquitoes caught by species was (in descending order) culex quinquefasciatus, cx. tarsalis, cx. erythrothorax, cx. stigmatosoma (formerly culex peus) followed by anopheles freeborni, culiseta particeps, cs. inornata and cs. incidens. the number of mosquitoes per trap night was the lowest during december through february, and the highest during august ... | 1990 | 1969928 |
| infection of chimpanzees with the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae. | nine splenectomized chimpanzees were infected with the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae. two had no history of previous malarial infection, whereas 6 had been infected with p. vivax and 1 with p. vivax and p. ovale. the animals with no previous infection had maximum parasitemias of 8,740 and 10,800/mm3. the other animals had maximum parasite counts of 930-75,700/mm3. anopheles freeborni, an. stephensi, an. dirus, an. maculatus, an. quadrimaculatus, an. culicifacies, an. arabiensis, and ... | 1990 | 2180332 |
| the peruvian iii strain of plasmodium brasilianum in saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from a naturally infected saimiri monkey from peru and subsequently passaged to 21 splenectomized saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. nine of 12 attempts to transmit infection by sporozoite inoculation were successful with prepatent periods ranging from 23 to 41 days. gametocytes were infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, anopheles maculatus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. the strain demonstrated a high level ... | 1990 | 2213410 |
| experimental test of the influence of aquatic macrophyte cover on the survival of anopheles larvae. | emergent or submergent macrophytes can enhance the survival of anopheles larvae by providing favorable microhabitat and refuge from predation. the relationships among the amount of aquatic macrophyte cover, the density of gambusia affinis, and survivorship of anopheles freeborni larvae were tested experimentally. larval survivorship was positively related to amount of plant cover and negatively related to gambusia density. larval survivorship was lowest in treatments with low plant cover and hig ... | 1989 | 2614408 |
| the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. | two lines of the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae were studied in splenectomized aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. a line initially adapted to these monkeys from an infected chimpanzee failed to produce high-level parasite counts or mosquito infection in 13 of this type of monkey during 16 linear passages. another line, originally adapted from the chimpanzee to aotus azarae boliviensis, after 7 linear passages in 3 different types of aotus was then passaged to 14 splenectomized a. ... | 1989 | 2645394 |
| improved techniques for rearing anopheles freeborni. | techniques are described for mass rearing anopheles freeborni. eggs were incubated overnight at ca. 28 degrees c and then dried. measured quantities of dried eggs were placed into styrofoam rings floating on the water surface of rearing trays. water levels in larval rearing trays were kept shallow, and temperature was maintained with heat tapes at ca. 28 degrees c. larvae were fed once a day on a slurry containing a 3:1:1:1 mixture of guinea pig chow, liver powder, yeast and hog chow. pupation b ... | 1989 | 2746206 |
| ecology of a semi-isolated population of adult anopheles freeborni: abundance, trophic status, parity, survivorship, gonotrophic cycle length, and host selection. | a population of adult anopheles freeborni near sheridan, ca was sampled daily during 13 august-7 september 1984. data on abundance, trophic status, and gonotrophic age were recorded. abundance and gonotrophic age data were analyzed to estimate daily survivorship and gonotrophic cycle length. daily survivorship for unfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.72 with a gonotrophic cycle of 6 days duration. daily survivorship for bloodfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.74 with a gonotrophic cycle of 4 ... | 1989 | 2774063 |
| an evaluation of the mosquitofish, gambusia affinis, and the inland silverside, menidia beryllina, as mosquito control agents in california wild rice fields. | the mosquitofish, gambusia affinis, and the inland silverside, menidia beryllina, were evaluated in experimental, one-tenth hectare wild rice plots in lake county, california, for their impact on densities of culex tarsalis, anopheles freeborni and anopheles franciscanus. gambusia affinis were tested at 0.6 and 1.7 kg/ha and the silversides at ca. 0.9 kg/ha. the silversides did not survive well in the rice field system and none of the silverside guts examined contained mosquito larvae. the mosqu ... | 1987 | 2904970 |
| micro-lipid-droplet encapsulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin for control of mosquito larvae. | the crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of anopheles freeborni than to larvae of aedes aegypti. however, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. this effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. a procedure is described whereby both crystal and solubilized b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin were e ... | 1985 | 3002272 |
| antibodies to plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigens in papua new guinea sera. | sera from individuals living in malaria endemic areas of papua new guinea were tested for their effect on infectivity of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes grown in culture to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. consistent reduction of infectivity to less than 5% of control was observed with nine out of the 41 sera from the endemic area tested and also with three out of seven sera tested from individuals rarely exposed to malaria infection. gamete surface antigens recognized by the sera were investig ... | 1988 | 3287282 |
| chesson strain plasmodium vivax in saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. | nine saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys were inoculated with sporozoites of plasmodium vivax (chesson strain) dissected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected by feeding on blood from infected chimpanzees. the animals were splenectomized 7 days after inoculation. seven animals developed infections with prepatent periods ranging from 12 to 43 days (mean of 19.6 days). parasitemias were low during the first 50 days. maximum parasitemias in 5 animals in which the strain adapted ranged from ... | 1987 | 3309241 |
| studies of comparative infectivity of fifteen strains of plasmodium vivax to laboratory-reared anopheline mosquitoes, with special reference to anopheles culicifacies. | the sattoki strain of species a of the taxon anopheles culicifacies giles was infected with 15 different strains of plasmodium vivax from asia, new guinea, and central and south america. a comparison of the relative infectivity indicated a marked variation for the different strains of p. vivax when compared to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | 1986 | 3537255 |
| infection of chimpanzees with nigerian i/cdc strain of plasmodium ovale. | seven splenectomized chimpanzees were infected with the nigerian i/cdc strain of plasmodium ovale. two of the animals had no history of previous malarial infection whereas three had been infected with p. vivax, one with p. malariae, and one with p. vivax and p. malariae. the two animals with no previous malarial experience had maximum parasitemias of 88,700 and 127,000 per mm3 while the other animals had maximum parasitemias ranging from 10,100 to 60,600 per mm3. anopheles freeborni, an. dirus, ... | 1987 | 3688304 |
| the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium reichenowi. | plasmodium reichenowi, a malarial parasite of the chimpanzee, was infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles maculatus, anopheles dirus, and anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae and anopheles albimanus were not infected. mean oocyst diameters of p. reichenowi were smaller than those of the other chimpanzee parasite, plasmodium schwetzi. sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of an. freeborni at 15 days when held at 25 to 2 ... | 1986 | 3734994 |
| infection of aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with different strains of plasmodium vivax. | sixty-seven splenectomized aotus azarae boliviensis were infected with strains of plasmodium vivax from southeast asia (2), new guinea (2), north korea (1), and central america (3). maximum parasitemias varied among the different strains, with the mean maximum parasitemia for the primary infection period being 16,200 per mm3. animals previously infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae produced maximum parasitemias of 30,200 and 11,900 per mm3, respectively. gametocytes infecti ... | 1985 | 3889264 |
| infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to anopheles albitarsis mosquitoes from colombia. | anopheles albitarsis obtained from villavicencio, colombia, were colonized in the laboratory using force-mating techniques. laboratory reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on aotus monkeys infected with the salvador ii or the rio meta strains of plasmodium vivax from el salvador and colombia, respectively. in comparison with other species, the an. albitarsis were less susceptible than anopheles freeborni, anopheles culicifacies and strains of anopheles albimanus from el salvador, panama and co ... | 1985 | 3912483 |
| inability of plasmodium knowlesi sporozoites to invade anopheles freeborni salivary glands. | oocysts of plasmodium knowlesi developed normally on the gut of the mosquito anopheles freeborni, rupturing and releasing sporozoites at 10-14 days post-infection. subsequently, however, sporozoites were never found in this mosquito's salivary glands. heterologous transplants of whole salivary glands from uninfected an. freeborni and an. dirus, a completely susceptible mosquito, into the abdomens of insects heavily infected with mature oocysts were done. sporozoites failed to infect an. freeborn ... | 1985 | 4025683 |
| studies on a newly isolated strain of plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and different anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from an aotus vociferans monkey from peru. the parasite readily infected aotus monkeys from bolivia and columbia and saimiri sciureus monkeys from peru and bolivia. highest level mosquito infections were obtained by feeding on the saimiri monkeys. the most susceptible mosquito was anopheles freeborni, followed by anopheles dirus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles maculatus and anopheles albimanus. anopheles q ... | 1985 | 4093810 |
| transmission of plasmodium falciparum from monkey to monkey by the bite of infected anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | | 1972 | 4626003 |
| falciparum malaria transmissible from monkey to man by mosquito bite. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were infected by feeding on a new world monkey, aotus trivirgatus, infected with the malayan iv strain of plasmodium falciparum. after a normal incubation period, the infection was passed to a human volunteer through the bites of these mosquitoes, demonstrating for the first time the practicability of using a simian host as a donor for the infection of mosquitoes with this species of human malarial parasites. | 1968 | 4871793 |
| plasmodium malariae: transmission from monkey to man by mosquito bite. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were infected by feeding on new world monkeys, aotus trivirgatus, infected with a nigerian strain of plasmodium malariae. the infection was passed to human volunteers through the bites of these mosquitoes, demonstrating the practicability of using a simian host for infection of mosquitoes with a third species of human malaria parasite and of the use of such mosquitoes to transmit the infection from monkey to man. | 1969 | 4978959 |
| infectivity of plasmodium malariae in the aotus trivirgatus monkey to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | | 1969 | 4982903 |
| monkey to man transmission of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | | 1968 | 4990410 |
| the transmission of a west african strain of plasmodium ovale by anopheles freeborni and anopheles maculatus. | | 1966 | 5917627 |
| host-feeding patterns of anopheles freeborni in the sacramento valley, california. | | 1967 | 6052143 |
| studies on the transmission of simian malaria. 3. infection and transmission of plasmodium coatneyi with anopheles freeborni and a. balabacensis balabacensis mosquitoes. | | 1967 | 6078599 |
| sensitivity to carbon dioxide in mosquitoes infected with california serogroup arboviruses. | ten species of mosquitoes became sensitive to co2 following intrathoracic (i.t.) inoculation of california encephalitis (ce) virus. these included field-collected aedes melanimon, aedes nigromaculis and culiseta incidens and laboratory-colonized strains of aedes dorsalis, aedes triseriatus, anopheles freeborni, culex peus, culex pipiens pipiens, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex tarsalis. another california serogroup virus, jerry slough (= jamestown canyon) (js), also induced co2 sensitiv ... | 1982 | 6122383 |
| role of insects in the transmission of bovine leukosis virus: potential for transmission by mosquitoes. | bovine leukosis virus (blv) was transmitted to sheep in a simulated mechanical transmission experiment, using the following species of mosquitoes; anopheles freeborni, a stephensi, a quadrimaculatus, and a albimanus. mosquitoes were fed on blood taken from a blv-infected cow with persistent lymphocytosis. mouthparts and heads of mosquitoes were removed immediately after feeding, placed in rpmi 1640 medium, and inoculated subcutaneously into sheep. nine sheep were inoculated with mouthparts and h ... | 1982 | 6285782 |
| studies on the indochina i/cdc strain of plasmodium falciparum in colombian and bolivian aotus monkeys and different anophelines. | the indochina i/cdc strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from a physician returning to the united states after working in the refugee camps along the thailand-kampuchean border. the strain was established in splenectomized aotus monkeys from colombia after being grown in vitro for 50 days. during the first three passages in colombian monkeys, the parasites were not infective to bolivian aotus monkeys. after six intervening passages in saimiri sciureus monkeys, the parasites produced high ... | 1983 | 6338191 |
| studies of the sal i strain of plasmodium vivax in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | the sal i strain of plasmodium vivax was successfully adapted to three phenotypes of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus. through five linear blood passages, parasitemias in excess of 200,000/mm3 blood were attained; bolivian phenotype saimiri appear to develop higher peak parasitemias. sporozoites of the sal i strain inoculated intravenously produced patent parasitemias in all five squirrel monkeys challenged, with prepatent periods ranging from 21 to 38 days. anopheles freeborni and an. gamb ... | 1983 | 6355425 |
| infectivity to mosquitoes of plasmodium falciparum clones grown in vitro from the same isolate. | in an attempt to produce a line of cultured plasmodium falciparum parasites consistently infective to mosquites, a brazilian isolate, imtm 22, was cloned by the limiting dilution method. five of the resulting clones were examined in detail. the clones were found to differ in their ability to produce micro- and macrogametocytes, to exflagellate and to infect anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. the stability of one clone in producing microgametocytes and in its ability to produce oocysts and sporozoit ... | 1984 | 6380022 |
| [obtaining hepatic stages of plasmodium falciparum in vitro]. | sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum, obtained by membrane feeding of anopheles freeborni or a. stephensi with cultured gametocytes, were used to infect monolayers of human hepatocytes. fluorescent labelling with an african serum as well as giemsa staining performed from day one to day 7 of cultures, demonstrated the presence of numerous hepatic schizonts measuring up to 40 micron. | 1984 | 6391340 |
| studies on the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in bolivian aotus monkeys and various anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium malariae (uganda i/cdc) was isolated from an infant who had been infected via blood transfusion from a donor who had entered the united states 8 yr previously. after passage through a splenectomized chimpanzee, the parasite was studied in 29 splenectomized aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys. maximum parasitemias were higher in aotus monkeys without previous plasmodium infection than in aotus monkeys with a history of p. vivax infection. animals with a history of infection wi ... | 1984 | 6392499 |
| infection and transmission studies with the n-3 strain of plasmodium fieldi in the macaca mulatta monkey. | seven different anophelines--anopheles freeborni, an. dirus, an. maculatus, an. atroparvus, an. stephensi, an. albimanus, and an. quadrimaculatus--were shown to be susceptible to infection with the n-3 strain of plasmodium fieldi. transmission was obtained via the bites of an. dirus, an. stephensi, and an. maculatus mosquitoes to macaca mulatta monkeys. sporozoites dissected from an. freeborni were also shown to be infectious. anopheles dirus and an. stephensi were the most suitable mosquitoes f ... | 1984 | 6491849 |
| host-dependent mutants of sindbis virus whose growth is restricted in cultured aedes albopictus cells produce normal yields of virus in intact mosquitoes. | two host-dependent (hd), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of sindbis virus (sv), clones 35 and 58, which are restricted in their ability to grow at 34 degrees in cultured aedes albopictus cells [k.j. kowal and v. stollar (1981). virology 114, 140-148] were not restricted in their ability to grow at 28-34 degrees after intrathoracic inoculation of ae. albopictus, ae. dorsalis, ae. epactius, anopheles freeborni, and culex tarsalis mosquitoes. compared to standard sv (svstd), the growth of sv clo ... | 1984 | 6710871 |
| observations on two strains of plasmodium falciparum from haiti in aotus monkeys. | two strains of plasmodium falciparum originating in haiti were studied in the aotus monkey. the haitian i/cdc strain was first adapted to in vitro cultivation and subsequently inoculated into monkeys. the haitian iii/cdc strain was inoculated directly from a human patient into the aotus monkey. the strains varied in their levels of pathogenicity to the animals. the haitian i/cdc strain was highly virulent in six splenectomized animals; in one intact animal, the infection could be controlled but ... | 1982 | 6750071 |
| studies on the cambodian i strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus monkeys. | the cambodian i strain of plasmodium falciparum, originally from kampuchea was adapted for development in three different types of aotus monkeys. high-level parasitemias were readily produced in splenectomized colombian a. trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys. initially, only minimal parasitemias developed in a. t. trivirgatus monkeys from colombia. however, in one animal, adaptation occurred and high-level parasitemias were obtained during the second recrudescence of the infection. passage to other ... | 1982 | 6752366 |
| the chesson strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes. | the chesson strain of plasmodium vivax was studied in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. parasitemia in intact and splenectomized animals was similar to that reported for this strain in man. comparative infectivity studies with mosquitoes fed on infected monkeys indicated that the most susceptible was anopheles freeborni, followed by an. balabacensis, an. culicifacies, an. maculatus, an. atroparvus, an. stephensi, an. quadrimaculatus, and an. albimanus. transmissions via sporozoites from an. maculatus w ... | 1980 | 6771379 |
| cultivation in vitro of the quartan malaria parasite plasmodium inui. | the simian guartan malaria parasite plasmodium inui (os strain) was cultured in a continuous flow system with rhesus monkey erythrocytes and rpmi 1640nmedium supplemented with hepes buffer and rhesus serum. over a 10-week period, the growth of the parasite permitted a 61,000-fold cumulative dilution of the original inoculum. after 5 weeks in culture, the parasites were still infective to the monkey saimiri sciureus and to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | 1980 | 6773146 |
| studies on the west pakistan strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes. | the west pakistan strain of plasmodium vivax was established in 17 aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys. parasitemias were moderate. prior experience of the animals with p. falciparum and a heterologous strain of p. vivax resulted in a marked reduction in parasitemias, but maintenance of mosquito infectivity similar to that of animals with no prior malaria. comparative infectivity studies indicated that this strain in aotus monkeys was most infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes followed ... | 1980 | 7007600 |
| infection of anopheles freeborni by gametocytes of cultured plasmodium falciparum. | | 1980 | 7010690 |
| plasmodium falciparum gametocytes from culture in vitro develop to sporozoites that are infectious to primates. | gametocytes of two strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have been produced in high density by means of a continuous-flow cultivation system. the gametocytes of these two strains infected a mean of 36 percent and 71 percent, respectively, of anopheles freeborni mosquitoes that fed on a suspension of red blood cells containing the culture gametocytes. sporozoites harvested from the infected mosquito salivary glands were infective to the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and the o ... | 1982 | 7051285 |
| infection and transmission studies with plasmodium gonderi in the macaca mulatta monkey. | eight different anophelines--anopheles freeborni, an. maculatus, an. dirus, an. stephensi, an. atroparvus, an. sundaicus, an. quadrimaculatus, and an. albimanus--were shown to be susceptible to infection with a strain of plasmodium gonderi from the drill. mandrillus leucophaeus. transmission was obtained via the bites of an. freeborni, an. maculatus, an. stephensi, and an. dirus mosquitoes to macaca mulatta. prepatent periods in macaca mulatta monkeys following sporozoite inoculation ranged from ... | 1980 | 7218123 |
| an immunological factor that affects anopheles gambiae survival. | high titers of antibodies against anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in new zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. the serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated r2b6) killed 71.6% (abbott's adjusted % mortality) of an. gambiae within 7 days. mosquitoes ingesting r2b6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. anopheles stephensi and anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting r2b6 s ... | 1995 | 7616189 |
| further studies on the sporozoite transmission of the salvador i strain of plasmodium vivax. | different species of saimiri and aotus monkeys were inoculated with sporozoites of the salvador i strain of plasmodium vivax. of 58 saimiri inoculated, 45 developed parasitemia (4 following bites and 41 following intravenous inoculation). prepatent periods ranged from 10 to 63 days. twelve of 19 monkeys inoculated with sporozoites that had been stored frozen developed patent parasitemia after 16-53 days. of 41 aotus monkeys inoculated, only 10 (2 via bites and 8 via intravenous inoculation) deve ... | 1994 | 8064516 |
| vector competence of selected mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) for california strains of northway virus (bunyaviridae: bunyavirus). | selected mosquito species from central valley, coastal, and alpine habitats of california were evaluated for their vector competence for northway (nor) virus. culiseta incidens thomson, culiseta inornata (williston), and anopheles freeborni aitken were the only competent vectors when fed virus. aedes sierrensis (ludlow), as well as alpine snow pool aedes (i.e., ae. cataphylla dyar, ae. hexodontus dyar, ae. increpitus dyar and ae. tahoensis dyar), ae. melanimon dyar, ae. washinoi lanzaro & eldrid ... | 1993 | 8099625 |
| diel oviposition periodicity of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from the americas: anopheles albimanus wieldemann and anopheles freeborni aitken. | the diel oviposition patterns of anopheles albimanus and an. freeborni derived from panama and california, u.s.a., respectively, were studied in the laboratory by recording the egg-laying of individuals and colonies at 2-h intervals. anopheles freeborni oviposition patterns were almost exclusively nocturnal, with 80% of eggs being laid during the scotophase. a large, well-defined peak of oviposition, comprising about 70% of eggs laid, occurred 4-6 h before sunrise. anopheles albimanus ovipositio ... | 1993 | 8311576 |
| experimental infection of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles freeborni and anopheles stephensi with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum. | susceptibility to infection of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae s.s., an. freeborni and an. stephensi, was determined for 2 closely related malaria parasites, plasmodium malariae and p. brasilianum. neither strain of an. gambiae supported development of oocyst densities as great as the other 2 anopheline mosquitoes. the zan strain of an. gambiae s.s. from zanzibar was more susceptible to infection with the strain of p. malariae from uganda than the g-3 strain of an. gambiae s.s. from the gambia. a ... | 1993 | 8468576 |
| susceptibility of various mosquitoes of california to subperiodic brugia malayi. | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of six species of mosquitoes, representing three genera, to subperiodic brugia malayi. the black-eye, liverpool strain of aedes aegypti was the susceptible control. mosquitoes were fed on microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus). all mosquitoes, except wild caught culex erythrothorax, were laboratory-reared and allowed to feed when 8 to 10 days old. anopheles freeborni, anopheles hermsi, and culiseta inornata proved refrac ... | 1995 | 8533667 |
| noninfectious sporozoites in the salivary glands of a minimally susceptible anopheline mosquito. | in studies to evaluate vector-malaria parasite relationships, we have found that anopheles albimanus is minimally susceptible to the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii. normally, less than 10% of a. albimanus develop oocyst infections compared to 80-100% for anopheles stephensi and anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. although sporozoites produced in a. albimanus invade the salivary glands, they are not infectious to balb/c or icr mice. in 11 experiments with sporozoites from a. albimanus, int ... | 1995 | 8544063 |
| the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum as a model for vaccine studies. i. development in aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum and the aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkey are proposed as models for the testing of sporozoite vaccines and transmission-blocking vaccines. approximately 85% of splenectomized monkeys were infected when fed upon by 10 or more heavily infected anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. sporozoite-induced infections in monkeys with or without previous infection with p. vivax readily infected mosquitoes, thus making them candidates for testing transmission-blo ... | 1996 | 8615450 |
| proteolytic enzyme activity and plasmodium falciparum sporogonic development in three species of anopheles mosquitoes. | if proteolytic enzymes affect the innate vector competence of anopheles mosquitoes for plasmodium infections, then mechanistic effects should be most pronounced at the zygote to ookinete developmental transition. anopheles freeborni, anopheles gambiae, and anopheles albimanus exhibit excellent, good, and poor susceptibility to p. falciparum, respectively. aminopeptidase and trypsin activity were determined relative to the kinetics of p. falciparum ookinete development in these 3 anopheles specie ... | 1996 | 8627478 |
| the nigerian i/cdc strain of plasmodium ovale in chimpanzees. | the chimpanzee is the only animal host currently available that can support the development of the human malaria parasite plasmodium ovale. thirty-one infections with the nigerian i/cdc strain were induced in splenectomized chimpanzees. maximum parasite counts ranged from 1,240 to 127,224/microliters. infections were transient and unpredictable. anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles freeborni, and anopheles dirus mosquitoes were infected by feeding through parafilm membranes on hepar ... | 1996 | 8636850 |
| plasmodium vivax infections in chimpanzees for sporozoite challenge studies in monkeys. | the development and testing of vaccines directed against plasmodium vivax has relied on saimiri and aotus monkeys as the animal test system and on chimpanzees to provide infective gametocytes to produce sporozoites for monkey challenge studies and vaccine development. one sporozoite-induced and 29 blood-induced infections with the salvador i strain of p. vivax were studied in splenectomized chimpanzees. eighteen primary infections with p. vivax resulted in maximum parasite counts ranging from 1, ... | 1996 | 8842127 |
| the malayan iv strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus monkeys. | forty-nine infections with the malayan iv strain of plasmodium falciparum were induced in different species of aotus monkeys. the parasite was shown to be infective to four different species of aotus monkeys via the inoculation of parasitized erythrocytes. sporozoite transmission was obtained to a. lemurinus griseimembra, a. vociferans, and hybrid monkeys with a. azarae boliviensis x a. nancymai and a. lemurinus griseimembra x a. nancymai parentage. anopheles freeborni and an. stephensi mosquito ... | 1997 | 9063361 |
| studies on a primaquine-tolerant strain of plasmodium vivax from brazil in aotus and saimiri monkeys. | a nonimmune american acquired an infection of plasmodium vivax type 1 malaria in brazil in 1994. after returning to the u.s.a., he had a primary attack followed by 3 relapses. the primary attack and first 2 relapses were treated with a standard regimen of chloroquine, followed by 14 days of primaquine (15 mg/day). following the third relapse, the primaquine treatment was extended to 28 days. no further relapses occurred. the lack of response to primaquine by this strain may recommend it as a sui ... | 1997 | 9267419 |
| infection of anopheles freeborni mosquitoes on new world monkeys infected with the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes fed during 85 primary and 26 recrudescent infections of the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in saimiri and aotus monkeys were examined for the presence of oocysts. of these, 42 primary and 14 recrudescent infections were infective. mosquitoes were more frequently infected when fed upon a. lemurinus griseimembra animals. a retrospective examination indicated the greatest mosquito infectivity occurred before the maximum parasite count. mosquito infection w ... | 1997 | 9406786 |
| adaptation of a strain of plasmodium falciparum from a montagnard refugee to aotus monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium falciparum from a montagnard refugee was shown to produce large numbers of gametocytes in culture. attempts were made to establish this strain in aotus monkeys via trophozoite and sporozoite inoculation. the montagnard s-1 strain was readily adapted to a. l. griseimembra monkeys via trophozoite inoculation. other species of aotus failed to support the development of high density parasitemia. none of 12 attempts to transmit the infection via sporozoites from anopheles freeb ... | 1997 | 9406798 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae-secreted fusion proteins pfs25 and pfs28 elicit potent plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking antibodies in mice. | transmission-blocking vaccines based on sexual-stage surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum may assist in the control of this lethal form of human malaria. two vaccine candidates, pfs25 and pfs28, were produced as single recombinant fusion proteins. the 39-kda chimeric proteins, having a c-terminal his6 tag, were secreted by saccharomyces cerevisiae, using the prepro-alpha-factor leader sequence. pfs25-28 fusion proteins were significantly more potent than either pfs25 or pfs28 alone in elici ... | 1998 | 9423839 |
| adherence of erythrocytes during exflagellation of plasmodium falciparum microgametes is dependent on erythrocyte surface sialic acid and glycophorins. | malaria male gametocytes within a newly ingested infected blood meal in the mosquito midgut emerge from erythrocytes and extrude approximately eight flagellar microgametes in a process termed exflagellation. in culture, and in blood removed from infected patients, emerging microgametes avidly adhere to neighboring uninfected and infected erythrocytes, as well as to emerged female macrogametes, creating "exflagellation centers". the mechanism of erythrocyte adherence is not known nor has it been ... | 1998 | 9584138 |
| blood acquisition and processing by three anopheles (diptera: culicidae) species with different innate susceptibilities to plasmodium falciparum. | anopheles freeborni aitken, an. gambiae giles, and an. albimanus weidemann exhibit excellent, good, and poor susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum welch, respectively. to determine why they differ, 5 variables relating to blood-feeding behavior and 10 variables associated with bloodmeal processing were evaluated for each species. the 3 anopheles species did not differ in their probing behavior, but an. gambiae took 1.7 times longer to complete engorgement than either an. freeborni or an. albim ... | 1998 | 9615552 |
| adaptation of a strain of plasmodium vivax from mauritania to new world monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from mauritania was adapted to develop in aotus lemurinus griseimembra, aotus nancymai, saimiri boliviensis, and hybrid aotus monkeys. infections were induced via the inoculation of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of anopheles gambiae, anopheles freeborni, and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes or the intravenous passage of infected erythrocytes. infections in 3 a. lemurinus griseimembra monkeys readily infected mosquitoes. four lines of the mauritania par ... | 1998 | 9645868 |
| chitinases are a multi-gene family in aedes, anopheles and drosophila. | degenerate primers were used to amplify by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) dna fragments from the chitinase genes of five insect species: aedes aegypti, anopheles freeborni, anopheles gambiae, anopheles stephensi and drosophila melanogaster. as many as four different products were found for each species; each deduced protein sequence having greatest homology to chitinase sequences from other species of insects and the crustacean, penaeus japonicus. the four pcr products of a. aegypti hybridi ... | 1998 | 9662472 |
| salvador ii strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys and mosquitoes for transmission-blocking vaccine trials. | infections with the salvador ii strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus lemurinus griseimambra monkeys were fed upon by anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. periods of mosquito infectivity were determined to establish a model system for the testing of transmission-blocking vaccines. the highest levels of mosquito infection were associated with the ascending asexual parasitemia after reaching 1,000/microl, and before the peak asexual parasite count. sporozoite-induced infections were more infectious than ... | 1998 | 9684622 |
| comparative effectiveness of three adult mosquito sampling methods in habitats representative of four different biomes of california. | the effectiveness of new jersey (nj) light, dry ice baited, and gravid female traps for collecting adult mosquitoes was compared at representative habitats in the coachella, san joaquin, and sacramento valleys and the los angeles basin of california. the nj light traps effectively sampled anopheles freeborni, culex tarsalis, psorophora columbiae, and several aedes when abundance was high in rural areas with minimal competitive illumination. dry ice-baited encephalitis virus surveillance or cdc s ... | 1999 | 10342265 |
| a historical review of the f-1 strain of anopheles freeborni as a host and vector for studies of malaria. | a review was made of the use of a specific strain of anopheles freeborni from california (f-1) that has been used extensively in experimental investigations of malaria for more than 50 years. the f-1 strain of an. freeborni has been shown to be a suitable experimental host and vector for different species of plasmodium that cause malaria in humans and nonhuman primates for biologic, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic studies. eleven species of plasmodium fully completed sporogonic development; de ... | 1999 | 10412108 |
| infectivity of plasmodium berghei sporozoites delivered by intravenous inoculation versus mosquito bite: implications for sporozoite vaccine trials. | plasmodium berghei sporozoites delivered by mosquito bite were more infectious to outbred cd-1 mice than were sporozoites delivered by intravenous inoculation. the route of challenge also affected vaccine efficacy. in view of these findings and the fact that mosquito bites are the natural mode of sporozoite delivery, infectious mosquito bites should be considered the challenge protocol of choice for sporozoite vaccine efficacy trials. | 1999 | 10417207 |
| adaptation of the amru-1 strain of plasmodium vivax to aotus and saimiri monkeys and to four species of anopheline mosquitoes. | a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium vivax (amru-1) from papua new guinea has been adapted to grow in 4 species of aotus monkeys (aotus lemurinus griseimembra, aotus vaciferans, aotus nancymai, and aotus azarae boliviensis), hybrid aotus monkeys, and saimiri boliviensis monkeys. whereas it was possible to infect saimiri monkeys with this parasite by inoculation of parasitized erythrocytes, only 42% of saimiri monkeys became infected, compared to 92% of aotus monkeys attempted. comparativ ... | 1999 | 10461947 |
| the chitinase pfcht1 from the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum lacks proenzyme and chitin-binding domains and displays unique substrate preferences. | within hours after the ingestion of a blood meal, the mosquito midgut epithelium synthesizes a chitinous sac, the peritrophic matrix. plasmodium ookinetes traverse the peritrophic matrix while escaping the mosquito midgut. chitinases (ec 3.2.1.14) are critical for parasite invasion of the midgut: the presence of the chitinase inhibitor, allosamidin, in an infectious blood meal prevents oocyst development. a chitinase gene, pgcht1, recently has been identified in the avian malaria parasite p. gal ... | 1999 | 10570198 |
| genetics of mosquito vector competence. | mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ... | 2000 | 10704476 |
| micronemal transport of plasmodium ookinete chitinases to the electron-dense area of the apical complex for extracellular secretion. | plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinases to penetrate the acellular, chitin-containing peritrophic matrix of the mosquito midgut en route to invasion of the epithelium. chitinases are potentially targets that can be used to block malaria transmission. we demonstrate here that chitinases of plasmodium falciparum and p. gallinaceum are concentrated at the apical end of ookinetes. the chitinase pgcht1 of p. gallinaceum is present within ookinete micronemes and subsequently becomes localized in the e ... | 2000 | 11035760 |
| antibodies to malaria vaccine candidates pvs25 and pvs28 completely block the ability of plasmodium vivax to infect mosquitoes. | transmission-blocking vaccines are one strategy for controlling malaria, whereby sexual-stage parasites are inhibited from infecting mosquitoes by human antibodies. to evaluate whether the recently cloned plasmodium vivax proteins pvs25 and pvs28 are candidates for a transmission-blocking vaccine, the molecules were expressed in yeast as secreted recombinant proteins. mice vaccinated with these proteins adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide developed strong antibody responses against the immunogens, al ... | 2000 | 11083773 |
| occurrence of anopheles hermsi (diptera: culicidae) in arizona and colorado. | historically, malaria was a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the western united states, and anopheles freeborni aitken was thought to be the vector west of the continental divide. in 1989, anopheles hermsi barr & guptavanij was described and subsequently found to be an effective laboratory vector of plasmodium. the adults of these two species are morphologically indistinguishable, and therefore polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the dna from 48 mosquitoes collec ... | 2001 | 11296846 |
| anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in multiple species of anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship. | the mosquito midgut plays a central role in the sporogonic development of malaria parasites. we have found that polyclonal sera, produced against mosquito midguts, blocked the passage of plasmodium falciparum ookinetes across the midgut, leading to a significant reduction of infections in mosquitoes. anti-midgut mabs were produced that display broad-spectrum activity, blocking parasite development of both p. falciparum and plasmodium vivax parasites in five different species of mosquitoes. in ad ... | 2001 | 11309510 |
| knockout of the rodent malaria parasite chitinase pbcht1 reduces infectivity to mosquitoes. | during mosquito transmission, malaria ookinetes must cross a chitin-containing structure known as the peritrophic matrix (pm), which surrounds the infected blood meal in the mosquito midgut. in turn, ookinetes produce multiple chitinase activities presumably aimed at disrupting this physical barrier to allow ookinete invasion of the midgut epithelium. plasmodium chitinase activities are demonstrated targets for human and avian malaria transmission blockade with the chitinase inhibitor allosamidi ... | 2001 | 11349074 |
| disruption of plasmodium falciparum chitinase markedly impairs parasite invasion of mosquito midgut. | to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. while ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, pfcht1, has been identified in the nearly completed plasmodium falciparum strain 3d7 genome database. to test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of p. falciparum is neces ... | 2001 | 11349075 |
| targeting plasmodium ligands on mosquito salivary glands and midgut with a phage display peptide library. | despite vast efforts and expenditures in the past few decades, malaria continues to kill millions of persons every year, and new approaches for disease control are urgently needed. to complete its life cycle in the mosquito, plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, has to traverse the epithelia of the midgut and salivary glands. although strong circumstantial evidence indicates that parasite interactions with the two organs are specific, hardly any information is available about the interacti ... | 2001 | 11687659 |
| monoclonal antibody against the plasmodium falciparum chitinase, pfcht1, recognizes a malaria transmission-blocking epitope in plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes unrelated to the chitinase pgcht1. | to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinases that are necessary to cross the chitin-containing peritrophic matrix en route to invading the epithelial cell surface. to investigate chitinases as potential immunological targets of blocking malaria parasite transmission to mosquitoes, a monoclonal antibody (mab) was identified that neutralized the enzymatic activity of the sole chitinase of plasmodium falciparum, pfcht1, identified to date. this mab, designate ... | 2002 | 11854247 |
| behavioural determinants of gene flow in malaria vector populations: anopheles gambiae males select large females as mates. | plasmodium-refractory mosquitoes are being rapidly developed for malaria control but will only succeed if they can successfully compete for mates when released into the wild. pre-copulatory behavioural traits maintain genetic population structure in wild mosquito populations and mating barriers have foiled previous attempts to control malaria vectors through sterile male release. | 2002 | 12296972 |
| potential of the panama strain of plasmodium vivax for the testing of malarial vaccines in aotus nancymai monkeys. | aotus monkeys were infected with a strain of plasmodium vivax from panama to determine its potential for the testing of malarial vaccines. after sporozoite inoculation, 3 splenectomized aotus nancymai that had been infected previously with plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax had prepatent periods of 13, 15, and 15 days with maximum parasite counts of 12,726/microl, 5,310/microl, and 9,180/microl. three other a. nancymai previously infected with p. falciparum only had prepatent periods of 17, 15, ... | 2002 | 12479543 |
| observations on the swarming and mating behaviour of anopheles funestus from southern mozambique. | control of malaria by the release of genetically modified mosquitoes refractory to transmission is now becoming a possibility. in many areas of africa, anopheles gambiae is found together with an equally important vector, an. funestus. given their sympatry and the likelihood of a similar mating period some aspects of the mating behaviour of an. gambiae s.l. and an. funestus are likely to differ. we therefore attempted to characterise the swarming behaviour of an. funestus and to determine if any ... | 2003 | 12636875 |
| 'a mate or a meal'--pre-gravid behaviour of female anopheles gambiae from the islands of são tomé and príncipe, west africa. | malaria prevalence differs between the two islands that comprise the archipelago of são tomé and príncipe. this may be due to differences in the biology of local anopheles gambiae, the only vector on the islands. survival rate and feeding frequency are two factors influencing vectorial capacity. anophelines generally feed just once per gonotrophic (oviposition) cycle. newly emerged insects, however, may feed two or more times during their first oviposition cycle thus increasing the likelihood of ... | 2003 | 12801421 |
| vivax-type malaria parasite of macaques transmissible to man. | transmission of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii from rhesus monkeys to two human subjects by anopheles freeborni and the occurrence of attacks of malaria in two other laboratory workers not exposed to human malaria suggests the existence of an animal reservoir of infection complicating malaria control and eradication. | 1960 | 13821129 |
| adaptation of a strain of plasmodium falciparum from ghana to aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. nancymai, and a. vociferans monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium falciparum from ghana was adapted to aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. nancymai, and a. vociferans monkeys. gametocytes in splenectomized a. nancymai were infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. sporozoite transmission was accomplished in two splenectomized a. nancymai with prepatent periods of 22 and 25 days. the ghana iii/cdc strain of p. falciparum is susceptible to treatment with chloroquine and mefloquine. | 2003 | 14740874 |
| the comparative susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles freeborni to infection by plasmodium vivax (st. elizabeth strain). | | 1950 | 14795201 |