| [scanning microscopical observations on the foregut structures o mosquitoes and their role for the ingestion of microfilariae (author's transl)]. | experiments on the transmission of brugia malayi by various mosquitoes had shown that microfilariae ingested by some species were badly damaged when they reached the stomach, but were much less hurt in others. the structures of the foregut likely to cause these injuries, were investigated and documented by scanning microscope techniques. in anopheles albimanus, a. arabiensis, a. stephensi and a. pharoensis which have well developed armatures the microfilariae showed a high rate of destruction. i ... | 1979 | 44040 |
| toxicity of parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitoes. | toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (onr-60a/who 1897) parasporal crystals to three medically important mosquito larvae is described. the numbers of larvae killed are in relation to crystal dry weight. the crystals are lethally toxic to aedes aegypti linnaeus (mean 50% lethal concentration [lc50] = 1.9 x 10(-4) micrograms/ml), culex pipiens var. quinquefasciatus say (lc50 = 3.7 x 10(-4) micrograms/ml), and anopheles albimanus wiedemann (lc50 = 8.0 x 10(-3) micrograms/ml). purfi ... | 1979 | 44177 |
| release of romanomermis culicivorax for the control of anopheles albimanus in el salvador i. mass production of the nematode. | the mosquito parasite, romanomermis culicivorax, was mass produced for the treatment of 144,000 m2 of anopheles albimanus breeding area in el salvador. the production of the necessary inoculum required the exposure of 1.6 x 10(6) first-instar culex p. quinque-fasciatus larvae to 137 x 10(6) preparasites (1:14 ratio) each week for 6 weeks. the method employed produced an average 13.7 g (ca. 2,200/g) of postparasitic nematodes per rearing tray (20,000 mosquitoes), a total of 6,392 g (14.1 lb) for ... | 1978 | 727330 |
| release of romanomermis culicivorax for the control of anopheles albimanus in el salvador ii. application of the nematode. | the mosquito breeding area of lake apastepeque, el salvador, was treated 11 times over a 7-week period with romanomermis culicivorax to control anopheles albimanus and an. p. pseudopunctipennis. parasitism averaged 58% but varied greatly from treatment to treatment and from site to site. however, three applications made during evening hours to avoid wind and wave action on the lake produced an average 86% parasitism. no significant differences in susceptibility to r. culicivorax were found betwe ... | 1978 | 727331 |
| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. iv. epidemiologic aspects. | in the miragoane valley of haiti a consistent pattern in the incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria over a 10-year period made it possible to predict an annual outbreak and perform a prospective study to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) malathion on epidemic levels of this disease. at the end of october 1972, after epidemic levels (100 cases/month/10,000 population) had been reached, spray operations were begun. the first spray cycle produced a sharp and immediate drop in pop ... | 1975 | 1091170 |
| results of spraying with ultra-low-volume malathion at ground level in panama city. | several ultra-low-volume (ulv) sprayings of technical malathion (95 per cent) were carried out in panama city. their purpose was to find out how useful this ulv technique could be in helping to combat mosquitoes, especially aedes aegypti. two residential areas were selected as sites for the trials. one of these was san francisco, a district near the shoreline of the bay of panama with many individual houses and a few tall buildings. the other was el cangrejo, a district further inland containing ... | 1975 | 1212538 |
| virus-dependent mortality in rift valley fever, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and chikungunya virus-inoculated mosquito (diptera: culicidae) larvae. | the effect of inoculation of mosquito larvae with rift valley fever (rvf) virus on survival to the adult stage was evaluated in aedes aegypti (l.), ae. fowleri (charmoy), ae. mcintoshi huang, ae. taeniorhynchus (wiedemann), ae. triseriatus (say), eretmapodites quinquevittatus theobald, anopheles albimanus wiedemann, and culex pipiens l. pupation rates were similar for rvf virus-inoculated and diluent-inoculated larvae of all mosquito species tested except cx. pipiens. however, with the exception ... | 1992 | 1357176 |
| gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae) in southern mexico. | the length of the gonotrophic cycle of anopheles albimanus was estimated by 12 mark-release-recapture studies conducted in corrals in southern mexico from 1987 to 1990. the initial set of three mark-release studies indicated that the gonotrophic cycle takes at least 4 d based on the day when gravid mosquitoes were first recaptured. however, in later experiments, mosquitoes recaptured seeking hosts at 48 h after release were in sella's and christophers' stages i and ii, but parity rates had nearl ... | 1992 | 1625288 |
| efficacy assessment of quwenling, a mosquito repellent from china. | quwenling, an insect repellent product of china derived from extracts of the lemon eucalyptus plant (eucalyptus maculata citriodon), was evaluated. laboratory tests compared quwenling with deet against anopheles albimanus, an. quadrimaculatus, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus and field tests with ae. taeniorhynchus. cloth treated with quwenling at greater than 2x the dosage of deet was effective against 2 of 4 species tested (ae. albopictus 29 days, an. quadrimaculatus 28 days). on the skin of volu ... | 1991 | 1791453 |
| genetic structure of natural populations of anopheles albimanus in colombia. | electrophoretic and cytogenetic studies were undertaken on the population structure of anopheles albimanus from 11 localities in colombia, 3 from northern (atlantic coast) and 8 from southern (pacific coast) regions. of the 25 allozyme loci examined, significant allele frequency differences were observed at 4 loci: hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (had-1) and 3 esterases (est-2, est-4 and est-6). the northern populations had higher variability, with 55% polymorphic loci, a mean heterozygosity of 20.4% ... | 1991 | 1791454 |
| field evaluation of ultra-low volume applications with a mixture of d-allethrin and d-phenothrin for control of anopheles albimanus in haiti. | ultra-low volume applications of d-allethrin and d-phenothrin could possibly reduce populations of anopheles albimanus when used in conjunction with residual spraying of fenitrothion. the experiments were carried out in les cayes, haiti. | 1991 | 1791463 |
| comparative sensitivity of four anopheles (diptera: culicidae) to five repellents. | five repellents were evaluated against anopheles albimanus wiedemann an. freeborni aitken, an. gambiae giles, and an. stephensi liston, using a "free choice," dose-response testing procedure on rabbits. overall, deet was the most effective repellent based on effective dosages (ed50's and ed95's), except against an. albimanus. an. albimanus was significantly more tolerant to deet compared with dimethyl phthalate or ethyl hexanediol. permethrin was effective against all four anopheline species at ... | 1991 | 1875369 |
| structural diversity of trypsin from different mosquito species feeding on vertebrate blood. | mosquito trypsin was purified using a combination of ion exchange and affinity chromatography with the ligand soybean trypsin inhibitor. three aedes and three anopheles species were tested, all of which are specialized in the digestion of vertebrate blood. amino-terminal sequences of hplc-purified trypsins from aedes aegypti and anopheles quadrimaculatus revealed homologies of 30-40% with vertebrate and other invertebrate proteases previously identified as serine-proteases. the purified mosquito ... | 1991 | 2065758 |
| [water pollution and presence of anopheles albimanus wiedemann, 1821 and culex nigripalpus theobald, 1901]. | | 1990 | 2259776 |
| variation in binding of bacillus sphaericus toxin and wheat germ agglutinin to larval midgut cells of six species of mosquitoes. | bacillus sphaericus toxin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was readily ingested by culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and anopheles albimanus larvae. fluorescent toxin bound to the luminal cell surface in discrete regions of the posterior midgut and gastric caecum in c. pipiens. in anopheles spp., toxin bound in a variable pattern to these structures and central and anterior midgut as well. the toxin did not bind to midgut cell ... | 1989 | 2566636 |
| host range and selected factors influencing the mosquito larvicidal activity of the pg-14 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni. | laboratory bioassay of the pg-14 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (serotype 8a:8b) against early fourth instar larvae of 8 species of mosquitoes revealed a range of susceptibilities similar to the susceptibilities of these species to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype 14). the most susceptible species were: culex quinquefasciatus, cx. salinarius, anopheles albimanus and aedes aegypti. the least susceptible species tested was an. quadrimaculatus. separate bioassays ... | 1988 | 3193097 |
| microplate assay analysis of reduced fenitrothion susceptibility in haitian anopheles albimanus. | reduced fenitrothion susceptibility in haitian anopheles albimanus is documented using time/mortality measurements from otherwise standard world health organization (who) bioassays. survival beyond a time threshold in bioassays is shown to be highly correlated with elevated non-specific esterase levels. a shift in resistance incidence from less than 20 to over 60% in a six-month period is documented using both the bioassay and microassay procedures, showing the potential of microplate assay meth ... | 1988 | 3193111 |
| factors influencing ingestion of particulate materials by mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | relative ingestion rates of mosquito larvae, as indicated by the number of substrate-filled gut segments per unit time, were determined for culex tarsalis coquillett, aedes aetypti l., and anopheles albimanus wiedemann. among the three species, ae. aegypti larvae were the most rapid feeders. f50 (median time for complete repletion of 50% of the larvae) was 61, 42, and 100 min for the three species feeding on a wheat flour suspension, respectively. food particles with nutritive values (dried yeas ... | 1989 | 2724318 |
| isolation and characterization of histones from anopheles albimanus weidemann. | 1. histones from anopheles albimanus adults were prepared by a combination of techniques including chromatin isolation and selective extractions. 2. the anopheline histones were identified on acid urea gels by comparing their electrophoretic profile with that of calf thymus histones and histones isolated from other tissue. 3. excellent separation of histones was obtained after the extractions by a single electrophoretic run. 4. in addition to the five major classes of histones found in eukaryote ... | 1989 | 2721151 |
| [susceptibility and/or resistance of adult anopheles albimanus wiedemann, 1821 (diptera: culicidae) to insecticides used in public health and in agriculture]. | | 1987 | 3313561 |
| reduction of malaria prevalence after introduction of romanomermis culicivorax (mermithidae: nematoda) in larval anopheles habitats in colombia. | the worldwide resurgence of malaria has become a major public health problem. new methods of controlling the vectors of the disease are required, and we therefore studied the biological control of anopheles albimanus by romanomermis culicivorax in colombia. the investigation was carried out in el valle and nuquí, two towns on the northern pacific coast of the country. all of the mosquito larval habitats surrounding el valle were seeded with the eggs and adults of r. culicivorax. the nematode est ... | 1987 | 3499249 |
| efficacy of arosurf msf and formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against anopheles albimanus: laboratory bioassay. | the efficacy of arosurf msf alone and in combination with three preparations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) against anopheles albimanus larvae, pupae and eggs was determined by bioassay. arosurf msf alone was effective against the egg, 4th larval instar and pupal stages. all arosurf msf and b.t.i. combined formulations produced over 90% mortality of all larvae and pupae, 48 hr posttreatment. egg eclosion was reduced to approximately 25% with all formulations containing arosu ... | 1987 | 3504934 |
| irritability to ddt of natural populations of the primary malaria vectors in colombia. | natural populations of anopheles albimanus, an. darlingi and an. nuneztovari were tested for their irritability to ddt in different regions of colombia. individual anophelines were exposed to filter papers impregnated with 2% ddt and irritability was determined based on the number of flights a mosquito made in 15 min. all three species showed variability in their irritability to ddt. anopheles albimanus showed irritability only in bolivar, but not in three other regions. anopheles darlingi showe ... | 1989 | 2708989 |
| rapid microtitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistant acetylcholinesterase genotypes in the mosquitoes anopheles albimanus, an. nigerrimus and culex pipiens. | a rapid method of distinguishing insecticide insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) genotypes was applied to three species of mosquitoes. this relies on comparing rates of an ache mediated reaction in the presence and absence of insecticides which are inhibitors, using a kinetic microtitre plate reader. clearer and more rapid resolution between genotypes was achieved than with previous assays which measure the amount of product formed at a fixed end-point. results are presented for the f1s from ... | 1989 | 2519652 |
| small scale field trials of bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) against anopheline and culicine mosquito larvae in southern mexico. | experimental breeding sites simulating natural conditions were used to evaluate the efficacy of 2 formulations of bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) against anopheles albimanus and culicine (mostly culex coronator and cx. quinquefasciatus) mosquito larvae of southern mexico. three doses of each formulation were used in a first field trial: 2, 3 and 4 g/m2 (granular) or 2, 3 and 4 ml/m2 (liquid); and in a second field trial: 0.125, 0.24 and 0.5 g/m2 (granular) or 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 ml/m2 (liquid) ... | 1990 | 2370538 |
| field evaluation of four biorational larvicide formulations against anopheles albimanus in honduras. | four biorational larvicide formulations: teknar (b.t.i.), arosurf msf (monomolecular surface film), arosurf msf combined with teknar, and san-809-i ([s]-methoprene combined with b.t.i.), were evaluated against naturally occurring populations of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus wiedemann in honduras. all formulations reduced the mean number of larvae per sample area to 0 within 48 h after treatment, and gave significant (p less than 0.05) control when compared with similar untreate ... | 1990 | 2133006 |
| an evaluation of bendiocarb and deltametrin applications in the same mexican village and their impact on populations of anopheles albimanus. | | 1987 | 3664052 |
| the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium reichenowi. | plasmodium reichenowi, a malarial parasite of the chimpanzee, was infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles maculatus, anopheles dirus, and anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae and anopheles albimanus were not infected. mean oocyst diameters of p. reichenowi were smaller than those of the other chimpanzee parasite, plasmodium schwetzi. sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of an. freeborni at 15 days when held at 25 to 2 ... | 1986 | 3734994 |
| maintenance of anopheles albimanus on frozen blood. | | 1985 | 3880275 |
| bionomic studies of the anopheles mosquitoes of dajabon, dominican republic. | field studies of dajabon province, dominican republic, revealed that anopheles albimanus and an. vestitipennis were the most abundant anopheline species followed by an. crucians and an. grabhamii. three of the species were collected as adults and larvae whereas an. grabhamii was found only in the adult stage. perennial ponds and rice fields were the most important larval habitats. the anophelines were predominantly exophilic and exophagic; however, outdoor resting sites could not be identified. ... | 1990 | 2098472 |
| studies of the susceptibility of anopheles albimanus and anopheles vestitipennis from dajabon, dominican republic, to insecticides. | insecticide susceptibility of anopheles albimanus and an. vestitipennis in dajabon province, dominican republic, was investigated. only 74.3% of an. albimanus exposed to 4% ddt for 1 h died. the mortality in this species following exposure for 1 h to 0.25% permethrin was also 74.3%. however, this species was susceptible to malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur. the mortality obtained following exposure of an. vestitipennis to 4% ddt and 0.1% propoxur, both for 1 h, was 71% and 100%, respectively. ... | 1990 | 2098471 |
| evaluation of chlorphoxim used against anopheles albimanus on the south coast of mexico: 2. use of two curtain-trap techniques in a village-scale evaluation trial. | | 1985 | 4027455 |
| limnological and botanical characterization of larval habitats for two primary malarial vectors, anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis, in coastal areas of chiapas state, mexico. | field surveys of mosquito breeding sites on the pacific coastal plain and foothill regions of southern chiapas, mexico, were carried out in the dry and wet seasons of 1988. at each site, selected environmental variables were measured or estimated, presence and percent cover of aquatic plants recorded, a water sample collected for subsequent analyses, and 10-30 dips made for mosquito larvae. logistic regression and discriminant analyses revealed that the occurrence of anopheles albimanus larvae i ... | 1990 | 2098467 |
| aliphatic amines against insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and anopheles albimanus. | | 1969 | 4387585 |
| population patterns of anopheles albimanus and their significance to malaria abatement. | data obtained between 1967 and 1972 on naturally occurring populations of a. albimanus in el salvador were used to construct 24-hour and seasonal patterns of activity for the species. the resulting patterns are discussed in terms of control implications, and specific examples are given to relate the importance of a knowledge of population dynamics to the success of conventional and alternative methods of anopheline control in malaria abatement programmes. a retrospective view of a successful fea ... | 1974 | 4548395 |
| recent developments in methods of mosquito control. | since residual insecticide spraying in domiciles does not sufficiently control some species of anophelines to halt malaria transmission, alternate methods of control have been investigated. these include ultra-low-volume (ulv) sprays or aerosols, the release of sterile males to suppress or eradicate populations, and the use of diseases or parasites to interfere with transmission or to reduce populations of mosquitos. the ulv aerial sprays gave practical control of anopheles albimanus in haiti an ... | 1974 | 4548396 |
| plasmodium berghei ookinete densities in three anopheline species. | plasmodium berghei ookinete kinetics and densities were examined in the blood meals of 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes fed simultaneously from a gametocytemic mouse. simple techniques were developed for estimating relative and absolute ookinete densities within individual mosquito blood meals. the kinetics of ookinete formation were similar in all 3 species, with peak ookinete densities occurring from 12 to 24 hr postingestion. ookinete densities consistently were lower in anopheles stephensi ... | 1991 | 1919925 |
| age structure and abundance levels in the entomological evaluation of an insecticide used in the control of anopheles albimanus in southern mexico. | applications of bendiocarb produced a high insecticidal residual effect lasting up to 3 months on the most common indoor house surfaces. no significant decreases in mosquito man-biting rate levels were observed between treated and untreated villages. it was shown that almost equal proportions of intra- and peridomicillary mosquitoes came into contact with the insecticide, indicating that mosquitoes commonly enter houses, rest on treated surfaces and return to bite both indoors and outdoors. alth ... | 1991 | 1895076 |
| [the infective capacity of the nematode romanomermis culicivorax ross et smith, 1976 (rhabditida: mermithidae) in mosquito larvae of the species anopheles albimanus wiedemann, 1821 (diptera: culicidae) under natural conditions]. | an experimental study was carried out in two natural breeding sites of anopheles albimanus wiedemann, 1821 in havana city, in order to test the effectiveness of the nematode romanomermis culicivorax ross and smith, 1976. in one of the breeding sites fresh preparasiticals from eggs recently hatched in cultures were applied at a 10:1 dose, a mean infestation rate being found of mean = 3 with a 97 +/- 0.86% mortality. the second breeding site was treated with preparasiticals 30 hours after their ob ... | 1991 | 1801090 |
| release of chemosterilized males for the control of anopheles albimanus in el salvador. iv. dynamics of the test population. | | 1974 | 4817675 |
| selection for resistance to carbamate and organophoshorus insecticides in anopheles albimanus. | | 1971 | 4937399 |
| plasmodium vivax transmitted from man to monkey to man. | blood forms of human vivax malaria infected splenectomized night monkeys (aotus trivirgatus). anopheles albimanus mosquitoes transmitted the in fection from a monkey to two human volunteers; parasites and symptoms ap peared 11 days later. blood forms of vivax malaria from each of the two humans infected other night monkeys. | 1966 | 4958354 |
| [the pilot project results of applications of the biolarvicide bacillus sphaericus 2362 on mosquito breeding grounds of the town of santa cruz del norte (la habana province)]. | the effectiveness of the bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 in liquid formulation, at a 10 ml/m2 dose, was tested in 157 breeding sites of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitos, 2 breeding sites of culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles albimanus and 1 breeding site of aedes taeniorhynchus, consisting of 1 river, 2 oxidation ponds, 1 pond, 4 dams, 2 microdams and 150 pits. the results reached with the application of 1800 1 of biolarvicide show its effectiveness. within 24 hours of treatment, mortality rat ... | 1991 | 1801088 |
| field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for estimating the sporozoite rate in anopheles albimanus. | we have verified for specimens of anopheles albimanus that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) used to assess plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum sporozoite antigen rates gives results comparable to the salivary gland dissection method for estimating sporozoite rates. for 14,150 adults of an. albimanus, captured at five locations in guatemala, we report sporozoite antigen rates of 0.03-0.57%, which correlate with the malaria prevalences at the study sites. we also present data that sugge ... | 1992 | 1443346 |
| ultrastructural study of early development of nosema algerae in anopheles albimanus. | | 1983 | 6411825 |
| tests for the existence of genetic determination or conditioning in host selection by anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae). | the existence of sympatric populations within anopheles albimanus wiedemann with specific host preferences and the question of whether host selection has a genetic basis or is a learned characteristic were investigated. progeny of wild females collected from corrals or human bait were reared in an insectary. f1 females were fed on a cow or on a human host, allowed to oviposit, and then were released in an experimental hut divided into three compartments. the side rooms occupied by two human or o ... | 1992 | 1404273 |
| ecology of malaria vectors in the americas and future direction. | the resurgence of malaria in the americas has renewed interest in anopheles biology. anopheles darlingi, an. albimanus, an. nuneztovai and an. aquasalis are reconfirmed as major malaria vectors and other species are playing important roles in regional malaria transmission. adult biting activity and larval ecology are discussed in detail. seasonal abundance and daily biting activity of anophelines vary considerably among species and geographically for the same species. anopheles albimanus has the ... | 1992 | 1343717 |
| analysis of the principal problems impeding normal development of malaria eradication programs. | the problems currently impeding the advance of anti-malaria programs in the americas fall into several different categories. these include vector resistance to insecticides, parasite resistance to chloroquine, human behavior patterns which promote human/vector contact or reduce the impact of control efforts, and developments affecting operation, administration, and financing of the control program itself. vector resistance, of course, may be either physiological, behavioral, or both. with regard ... | 1975 | 1240013 |
| efficiency of techniques for the mass release of sterile male anopheles albimanus wiedemann in el salvador. | during a 3-year program that required daily releases of large numbers of sterile male anopheles albimanus wiedemann mosquitoes in a coastal area of el salvador, we were able to compare methods of transport and release of adults and pupae. the disadvantages of the laboratory handling and packaging of adults were largely overcome when improved methods were devised for release of pupae. such releases saved time and laboratory space and overcame several logistical problems arising from evening relea ... | 1980 | 7406117 |
| natural infections of anopheles albimanus with plasmodium in a small malaria focus. | entomologic surveys conducted in a small village in an area of known high malaria transmission in el salvador yielded a high rate of infection in anopheles albimanus collected inside houses in which cases of malaria had occurred. of 324 specimens dissected, 12 were found to harbor sporozoites or oocysts. this is in contrast to prior reports of extremely low infection rates in collections of this species from malarious areas, and suggests that under some circumstances a. albimanus does meet the c ... | 1975 | 1098498 |
| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. ii. entomologic and operational aspects. | in a large-scale study in the miragoane valley of haiti, designed to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria, spray operations resulted in an immediate and sharp decline in numbers of the vector, anopheles albimanus. the adult population of this mosquito remained at less than 1% of previous levels until several weeks after a 50-day spray period (27 october-16 december 1972) during which six cycles were completed. the study area offered ... | 1975 | 1091168 |
| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. i. study design and perspective. | a large-scale prospective study was designed to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. the study was conducted during 1972 to 1973, in the miragoane valley of haiti, an area having annual anticipated outbreaks of malaria, which allowed prospective assessment. spraying of malathion at a dosage of 4.5 fluid ounces per acre reduced populations of adult anopheles albimanus to less than 1% of prespray levels and interrupted ... | 1975 | 1091167 |
| studies on human malaria in aotus monkey. vii. comparative infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to to anopheles freeborni, a. maculatus, and for strains of a. albimanus. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from el salvador was shown to be more infectious to the apastepeque strain of anopheles albimanus from el salvador than was a strain of p. vivax from colombia, s. a. the apastepeque mosquito strain was also more susceptible to the savadoran strain of p. vivax than were 2 other strains of this mosquito from el salvador. a strain of a. albimanus from panama was more susceptible to both of the parasite than were any of the salvadoran strains of a. albimanus. | 1976 | 817008 |
| an immunological factor that affects anopheles gambiae survival. | high titers of antibodies against anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in new zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. the serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated r2b6) killed 71.6% (abbott's adjusted % mortality) of an. gambiae within 7 days. mosquitoes ingesting r2b6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. anopheles stephensi and anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting r2b6 s ... | 1995 | 7616189 |
| genetic method for the preferential elimination of females of anopheles albimanus. | recent field experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the sterile male method for the control of anopheles albimanus wiedemann, the most important vector of human malaria in central america. until now there was no practical method for excluding females from the releases of sterile males. a genetic method was developed for the preferential elimination of females during any of the four life stages. this genetic sexing system utilizes propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl methyl-carbamate) suscepti ... | 1978 | 663614 |
| morphologic variants of anopheles albimanus and susceptibility to plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum. | three morphologically different, true-breeding phenotypes have been isolated from a strain of anopheles albimanus from lake apastepeque, el salvador. studies with coindigenous strains of plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum show that these phenotypes differ significantly in their susceptibility to malaria parasites. this difference is apparent both in the number of mosquitoes that become infected and the level of infection obtained. variations in malaria susceptibility are markedly greater with p. ... | 1977 | 329696 |
| laboratory oviposition, fecundity and egg hatching ability of colonized anopheles albimanus from southwestern mexico. | fecundity, oviposition patterns and egg hatching characteristics were studied in two colonies of anopheles albimanus isolated from the pacific coast of southern mexico. fecundity was inversely proportional to the cage space available to the female and was influenced by the bloodmeal source, feeding method and previous feeding history. the length of the gonotrophic cycle decreased with succeeding experience from a mean 6.6 in the first to 2.6 days for the fifth cycle. oviposition timing was also ... | 1988 | 3225569 |
| influence of human breath on selection of biting sites by anopheles albimanus. | the selection of biting sites by anopheles albimanus on a human host was studied in the laboratory. the perception of exhaled breath guided the mosquitoes towards the head region, and was associated with a preference (p < 0.001) for biting this part of the body. subsequent removal of breath resulted in a strong reduction of the number of bites on the head (from 49 to 20%). the significance of these findings in relation to host location is discussed. | 1994 | 7807088 |
| laboratory evaluation of formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis combined with methoprene or a monomolecular surface film against anopheles albimanus and an. stephensi. | | 1988 | 3193121 |
| salivary vasodilators of aedes triseriatus and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | salivary vasodilators of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles albimanus (wiedemann) were characterized previously as a tachykinin peptide and a catechol oxidase/peroxidase activity, respectively. to verify whether these two different vasodilators also were found in other distantly related members of each mosquito genus, we characterized the vasodilators from a. triseriatus and a. gambiae. a. triseriatus salivary gland homogenates produced a reversible, endothelium dependent vasorelaxation of rabbit ... | 1994 | 7966179 |
| [the presence of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and bioregulators in existing breeding grounds in areas served by a family physician in the municipality of fomento]. | research was made on the presence of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the fomento municipality health areas attended to by 52 family doctors, in sancti spíritus province. 19 species were found. culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles albimanus were the most widely found. fish and aquatic insect species serving as biological regulators were determined in each reservoir. the gambusia punctata was the larvivorous fish most frequently found and most widely disseminated. among predacious insects, thos ... | 1993 | 7984821 |
| microplate assay analysis of the distribution of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in guatemalan anopheles albimanus. | simple microplate assay methods for determining the frequency of insecticide resistance in single mosquitos were used to study the distribution and localization of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in field populations of anopheles albimanus weidemann in guatemala, where such resistance, caused by heavy use of agricultural pesticides, has long been assumed to be widespread. areas of complete susceptibility to organophosphates and carbamates were observed, as well as areas where the resist ... | 1988 | 3262440 |
| floating bait formulations increase effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against anopheles larvae. | the development and screening of floating-type bait formulations designed to improve the activity of bacterial toxins against larval anopheles is described. floating and spreading abilities of carrier particles (wheat flour) were compared using corn oil, lecithin, and two products yielding surface films on water (arosurf and liparol). mixtures containing 1 or 5% arosurf showed the best spreading abilities on a water surface, but strongly inhibited the ingestion of wheat flour by anopheles albima ... | 1987 | 3504944 |
| the biting and resting behavior of anopheles albimanus in northern haiti. | a one-year study of the biting and resting habits of the malaria vector anopheles albimanus was carried out in four rural villages of northern haiti. man-biting rates and nightly biting cycles were determined by the use of all-night man-biting captures inside and outside houses. seasonal changes in density and behavior were determined by repeating the captures on a bimonthly basis throughout one year. exophily was demonstrated in these anopheline populations by a comparison of inside-biting with ... | 1986 | 3507484 |
| comparison of an experimental updraft ultraviolet light trap with the cdc miniature light trap and biting collections in sampling for anopheles albimanus in haiti. | three methods of capturing anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were compared during a field study in four villages in northern haiti. updraft ultraviolet (uv) light traps proved to be more effective than biting collections, regardless of season or whether the tests were done indoors or outdoors. biting collections were in turn more effective than the centers for disease control (cdc) miniature light traps. updraft uv light traps and biting collections yielded more an. albimanus outdoors than indoors; ... | 1986 | 3507485 |
| field trial in chiapas, mexico, of a rapid detection method for malaria in anopheline vectors with low infection rates. | a method consisting of filtration of up to 100 macerated mosquitoes in a batch, followed by fixation with glutaraldehyde and concentration of filtrate by centrifugation has been developed to rapidly assess malaria infection in anopheline mosquitoes. determination of the presence of sporozoites is made by observation of a sample of the final filtrate with a phase microscope. the method is simple and field adaptable, essential factors for the application of any technique to large scale field opera ... | 1986 | 3513640 |
| infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to anopheles albitarsis mosquitoes from colombia. | anopheles albitarsis obtained from villavicencio, colombia, were colonized in the laboratory using force-mating techniques. laboratory reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on aotus monkeys infected with the salvador ii or the rio meta strains of plasmodium vivax from el salvador and colombia, respectively. in comparison with other species, the an. albitarsis were less susceptible than anopheles freeborni, anopheles culicifacies and strains of anopheles albimanus from el salvador, panama and co ... | 1985 | 3912483 |
| vector competence of cartagena strain of anopheles albimanus for plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. | | 1985 | 3913070 |
| studies on a newly isolated strain of plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and different anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from an aotus vociferans monkey from peru. the parasite readily infected aotus monkeys from bolivia and columbia and saimiri sciureus monkeys from peru and bolivia. highest level mosquito infections were obtained by feeding on the saimiri monkeys. the most susceptible mosquito was anopheles freeborni, followed by anopheles dirus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles maculatus and anopheles albimanus. anopheles q ... | 1985 | 4093810 |
| release of chemosterilized males for the control of anopheles albimanus in el salvador. i. characteristics of the test site and the natural population. | | 1974 | 4817672 |
| release of chemosterilized males for the control of anopheles albimanus in el salvador. ii. methods of rearing, sterilization, and distribution. | | 1974 | 4817673 |
| release of chemosterilized males for the control of anopheles albimanus in el salvador. 3. field methods and population control. | | 1974 | 4817674 |
| studies on resistance to carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides in anopheles albimanus. | | 1972 | 5074693 |
| results of fenitrothion selection of culex pipiens fatigans wied. and anopheles albimanus wied. | laboratory selection of culex pipiens fatigans (=c. quinquefasciatus) and anopheles albimanus by fenitrothion pressure for 30 and 25 generations, respectively, resulted in only 2.2-fold and 1.1-fold increases in tolerance to this compound. cross-resistance to arprocarb in culex increased 12.2-fold but smaller increases in tolerance to fenthion, malathion, ddt, and dieldrin, may be manifestations of vigour tolerance. since the essential conditions for selection are believed to have been fulfilled ... | 1969 | 5306322 |
| evaluation of chlorphoxim used against anopheles albimanus on the south coast of mexico: 1. results of indoor chlorphoxim applications and assessment of the methodology employed. | | 1984 | 6525482 |
| progress in malaria vector control. | malaria control, except in tropical africa, will probably continue to be based to a large extent on the use of insecticides for many years. however, the development of resistance to insecticides in the vectors has caused serious difficulties and it is necessary to change the strategy of insecticide use to maximize their efficacy. a thorough knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of each vector species is required before the control strategy can be adapted to different epidemiological situations. ... | 1981 | 6976842 |
| anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae) host selection patterns in three ecological areas of the coastal plains of chiapas, southern mexico. | the host-feeding patterns of anopheles albimanus wiedemann were described and the effect of host availability on these patterns was assessed in three different ecological areas of coastal chiapas, mexico. resting mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors during rainy seasons. a 20% sample of blood-fed mosquitoes was tested to determine the source of the blood meal using an elisa. the unweighted human blood index (hbi) of an. albimanus in the three areas ranged from 0.11 to 0.21. this mosqui ... | 1993 | 8510111 |
| studies on the west pakistan strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes. | the west pakistan strain of plasmodium vivax was established in 17 aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys. parasitemias were moderate. prior experience of the animals with p. falciparum and a heterologous strain of p. vivax resulted in a marked reduction in parasitemias, but maintenance of mosquito infectivity similar to that of animals with no prior malaria. comparative infectivity studies indicated that this strain in aotus monkeys was most infective to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes followed ... | 1980 | 7007600 |
| variation in ribosomal dna intergenic spacers among populations of anopheles albimanus in south and central america. | variation in the length and copy number of intergenic spacers (igs) of nuclear ribosomal dna were examined to test for genetic differentiation among anopheles albimanus populations. extensive collections were made in guatemala but populations were also sampled over a large range of its distribution in central and south america. discriminant analysis of igs patterns in individual mosquitoes indicated that populations generally had unique sets of igs length variants. the igs patterns from populati ... | 1995 | 7485704 |
| precise limitation of concerted evolution to orfs in mosquito hsp82 genes. | two hsp82 genes were isolated from the malaria vector anopheles albimanus in a single lambda phage clone. the two genes are in a head-to-head arrangement separated by approx. 0.9 kbp. northern hybridizations and 5' race demonstrate that both genes are transcribed, have moderate levels of constitutive transcription, and are also heat-inducible with maximum transcript accumulation occurring after 40 degrees c heat shocks. both genes have typical heat-shock promoters and conserved intron boundaries ... | 1996 | 8630537 |
| predictions of adult anopheles albimanus densities in villages based on distances to remotely sensed larval habitats. | remote sensing is particularly helpful for assessing the location and extent of vegetation formations, such as herbaceous wetlands, that are difficult to examine on the ground. marshes that are sparsely populated with emergent macrophytes and dense cyanobacterial mats have previously been identified as very productive anopheles albimanus larval habitats. this type of habitat was detectable on a classified multispectral system probatoire d'observation de la terre image of northern belize as a mix ... | 1995 | 7485706 |
| evaluation of controlled-release mosquito repellent formulations. | eight polymer and 9 microcapsule formulations of deet were tested on laboratory rabbits against aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus. several formulations were significantly more effective than simple (unformulated) deet at the same strength for periods up to 24 h. best results were obtained with a polymer formulation containing a high molecular weight fatty acid and 3 microcapsule formulations containing lanolin, gum arabic, gelatin, tannic acid, stearic acid, polypropylene glycol, water, and ... | 1996 | 8723256 |
| development of sporogonic cycle of plasmodium vivax in experimentally infected anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. | the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium vivax was established and maintained under laboratory conditions in two different strains of anopheles albimanus mosquitoes using as a parasite source blood from human patients or from aotus monkeys infected with the vcc-2 p.vivax colombian isolate. both the tecojate strain isolate from guatemala and the cartagena strain from the colombian pacific coast were susceptible to infections with p.vivax. a higher percentage of cartagena mosquitoes was infected per tri ... | 1994 | 7565121 |
| control of anopheles albimanus mosquitos in southern mexico by spraying their preferred indoor resting sites. | the traditional indoor spraying technique to control anopheles albimanus mosquitos was compared with a selective method that targets their preferred resting sites in coastal villages of southern mexico. we also determined whether mosquitos changed their preferred resting sites following insecticide applications. in the selective spraying approach, two 1-m wide horizontal swaths of bendiocarb insecticide were applied 0.75-1.75 m from the base of the walls and at 1-m upwards from the base of the i ... | 1995 | 7614665 |
| effect of a cecropin-like synthetic peptide (shiva-3) on the sporogonic development of plasmodium berghei. | the effect of a synthetic cecropin-like peptide, shiva-3, on in vitro ookinete development and on the early sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei in the midgut of anopheles albimanus was investigated. peptide concentrations of 75 and 100 microm were effective (p < 0.05) in reducing ookinete production and the number of infected mosquitoes in almost all experiments. these peptide concentrations in the midgut were not toxic for the survival of the mosquitoes. complete inhibition was obtained if ... | 1995 | 7758540 |
| nad(p)h-dependent production of oxygen reactive species by the salivary glands of the mosquito anopheles albimanus. | salivary gland homogenates of the adult female mosquito anopheles albimanus, but not those of aedes aegypti, induced light production in the presence of nadph and luminol, indicating a nadph oxidase activity producing reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion) by the anopheline salivary homogenate. superoxide production by the anopheline salivary homogenate was also confirmed by the nadph-dependent, superoxide dismutase inhibitable, reduction of cytochrome c. the nadph oxidase reaction measured ... | 1996 | 8995793 |
| knowledge, beliefs, and practices in relation to malaria transmission and vector control in guatemala. | as part of an effort to involve community members in malaria control activities, we studied knowledge, beliefs, and practices of residents of both the pacific coastal plain and northeastern guatemala related to malaria transmission and anopheles albimanus control. most residents recognized the role of mosquitoes in malaria transmission, but few knew how mosquitoes acquired their infections or understood the risk of having an untreated person in their midst. if this were more widely known, reside ... | 1995 | 7771601 |
| assessment of a remote sensing-based model for predicting malaria transmission risk in villages of chiapas, mexico. | a blind test of two remote sensing-based models for predicting adult populations of anopheles albimanus in villages, an indicator of malaria transmission risk, was conducted in southern chiapas, mexico. one model was developed using a discriminant analysis approach, while the other was based on regression analysis. the models were developed in 1992 for an area around tapachula, chiapas, using landsat thematic mapper (tm) satellite data and geographic information system functions. using two remot ... | 1997 | 9063370 |
| remote sensing as a landscape epidemiologic tool to identify villages at high risk for malaria transmission. | a landscape approach using remote sensing and geographic information system (gis) technologies was developed to discriminate between villages at high and low risk for malaria transmission, as defined by adult anopheles albimanus abundance. satellite data for an area in southern chiapas, mexico were digitally processed to generate a map of landscape elements. the gis processes were used to determine the proportion of mapped landscape elements surrounding 40 villages where an. albimanus abundance ... | 1994 | 7943544 |
| susceptibility of three laboratory strains of anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae) to coindigenous plasmodium vivax in southern mexico. | three morphologically different pupal phenotypes (green, striped, brown) were selected from a parent strain of anopheles albimanus wiedemann collected from the suchiate region in the state of chiapas, mexico. significant differences in susceptibility to coindigenous plasmodium vivax grassi & feletti were observed when striped was compared with the parent colony as well as with brown and with green phenotypes. differences in susceptibility were not significant between the other phenotypes and the ... | 1994 | 8057314 |
| use of generalized regression tree models to characterize vegetation favoring anopheles albimanus breeding. | we propose the use of generalized tree models (gtms) to analyze data from entomological field studies. generalized tree models can be used to characterize environments with different mosquito breeding capacity. a gtm simultaneously analyzes a set of predictor variables (e.g., vegetation coverage) in relation to a response variable (e.g., counts of anopheles albimanus larvae), and how it varies with respect to a set of criterion variables (e.g., presence of predators). the algorithm produces a tr ... | 1997 | 9152872 |
| effects of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors of northern guatemala. | the authors evaluated the effects on malaria vectors of bed nets impregnated with permethrin over the course of a 16-month controlled study in four communities of northern guatemala. anopheles albimanus and an. vestitipennis were the known malaria vectors in the area. households were allocated to one of three experimental groups: those receiving bed nets impregnated with 500 mg/m2 of permethrin, those receiving untreated bed nets, and those where no intervention measures were taken. the impact o ... | 1994 | 8069332 |
| mixed-species plasmodium infections of anopheles (diptera:culicidae) | mixed-pathogen infections of vectors rarely are considered in the epidemiological literature, although they may occur in nature. a review of published reports shows that many anopheles species are capable of carrying sporozoites of > 1 plasmodium species, of doing so simultaneously in field conditions, and of acquiring and transmitting these in experimental situations. mixed-species infections in mosquito populations occur at frequencies greater than or equal to the product of the constituent sp ... | 1997 | 9220675 |
| characterization and biological activity of a brazilian isolate of bacillus sphaericus (neide) highly toxic to mosquito larvae. | primary powders of bacillus sphaericus strain s2 isolated from soil samples in brazil, and strain 2362 were produced in a 14 liter fermentor. growth patterns and sporulation observed in three trials with strains s2 and 2362 in the fermentor were similar. second-instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles albimanus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and aedes aegypti exposed for 48 hr to strain s2 responded with lc50 values of 0.25, 5.95, 12.28 and 140.0 ppb of lyophilized primary powder, respect ... | 1996 | 9283664 |
| salivary apyrase in african and new world vectors of plasmodium species and its relationship to malaria transmission. | the salivary gland activities of apyrase, an enzyme that prevents platelet aggregation by eliminating adp, were compared among five members of the anopheles gambiae species complex and an. albimanus. within the an. gambiae group, an. quadriannulatus exhibited the lowest amount of enzyme activity at all ph levels measured. apyrase activity could be separated into three groups at ph 7.5 and 8.0. the two most anthropophilic species (an. gambiae and an. arabiensis) exhibited higher activity at ph 9. ... | 1994 | 8116818 |
| preliminary observations on the changing roles of malaria vectors in southern belize. | a survey for larval and adult anopheles mosquitoes was conducted in toledo district of southern belize during august-september 1992. we surveyed for larvae in 145 habitats and conducted paired indoor-outdoor collections of adult mosquitoes landing on humans at 6 houses. in 1940-41, kumm and ram reported anopheles darlingi females to be the most common anopheles mosquitoes inside houses and reported no specimens of anopheles vestitipennis in southern belize. in our 1992 survey we found no an. dar ... | 1993 | 8126482 |
| chymotrypsin inhibitors in mosquitoes: activity profile during development and after blood feeding. | chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitors persist throughout all developmental instars of aedes aegypti. after a blood meal, inhibitor activity against chymotrypsin was more than double that of sugar-fed females, but only weak activity was detected in midguts where proteinase inhibitors has been thought to regulate proteinases during blood digestion. a fourfold increase in the ratio of abdominal/thoracic inhibitor activity after the blood meal strongly suggested that fat body, or other abdominal tissu ... | 1997 | 9366013 |
| plasmodium vivax sporozoite rates from anopheles albimanus in southern chiapas, mexico. | anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were collected from august 1984 to november 1987 on intra- and peridomicile human bait in rancheria el gancho, chiapas, mexico. the mosquitoes were desiccated and stored in silicon chambers from 3 mo to 3 yr post-collection prior to being assayed using a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect plasmodium vivax predominant-type sporozoite protein. peridomicile-collected mosquitoes had a 10-fold higher sporozoite rate than those collected indoors, but only ... | 1994 | 8195955 |
| laboratory bioassay to compare susceptibilities of aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as affected by their feeding rates. | this study presents the effect of differences in the feeding rates of aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus on their susceptibilities to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. aedes aegypti was more susceptible than an. albimanus because of its faster rate of feeding. aedes aegypti ingested 11.5 times more spores than did an. albimanus, resulting in lower lt50 values. anopheles albimanus larvae fed at a slower rate and required fewer spores than ae. aegypti to induce 50% mortality. these findings s ... | 1998 | 9599326 |
| immunogenicity of four plasmodium falciparum preerythrocytic antigens in aotus lemurinus monkeys. | aotus lemurinus monkeys were immunized with pools of either lipid-tailed peptides injected in pbs or peptides in montanide isa-51, all derived from four plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens, namely, lsa1, lsa3, salsa, and starp. these formulations were well tolerated. their immunogenicity was demonstrated by the induction of both b- and t-cell responses to most of the peptides studied (of the 12, 10 induced antibody production, 9 induced t-cell proliferative responses, and all 12 indu ... | 1998 | 9632616 |