| ecological studies on the breeding of aedes aegypti and other mosquitos in shells of the giant african snail achatina fulica. | the breeding of larvae of aedes aegypti, aedes simpsoni, and eretmapodites quinquevittatus in empty shells of achatina fulica was studied in the coastal zone of dar es salaam, tanzania. the average density of shells was estimated to be 228 per ha. from 11 to 35% were positive for mosquito larvae. a. aegypti were found in 82-84% of positive shells; a. simpsoni in 8-13%. on msasani peninsula, during the 3-month rainy season april-june 1970, the larval density of a. aegypti in shells was estimated ... | 1973 | 4148745 |
| investigations into yellow fever virus and other arboviruses in the northern regions of kenya. | previous studies having shown an appreciable level of yellow fever immunity to exist in northern kenya, further epidemiological and serological surveys were carried out there in 1968 in an attempt to define more clearly the distribution of yellow fever and to locate possible vector and reservoir hosts of the disease; these surveys also provided information on a number of other arboviruses.altogether 436 sera from 5 areas in northern kenya were screened by haemagglutination-inhibition tests with ... | 1970 | 4393661 |
| laboratory colonization of aedes simpsoni (theobald) and eretmapodites quinquevittatus theobald. | | 1971 | 4401768 |
| observations on the man-biting habits of aedes simpsoni (theo) in the taveta area of kenya. | | 1972 | 4664678 |
| aedes simpsoni in chaggaland, tanzania. | | 1969 | 4984493 |
| aedes simpsoni in chaggaland. ii. breeding in banana axils. | | 1972 | 5053318 |
| aedes simpsoni in chaggaland. 3. analysis of the feeding-cycle. | | 1972 | 5053319 |
| aedes aegypti and aedes simpsoni breeding in coral rock holes on the coast of tanzania. | | 1971 | 5317088 |
| [ngari virus (bunyaviridae: bunyavirus). first isolation from humans in senegal, new mosquito vectors, its epidemiology]. | ngari virus (nri) (bunyaviridae, genus bunyavirus) was isolated first from male aedes simpsoni mosquitoes in southeastern senegal in 1979. then, it was recovered from several mosquito species in senegal, burkina faso, central african republic and madagascar. a potential pathogenicity of nri virus in humans was suspected when the virus was isolated from two patients in dakar in october and november 1993. the large diversity of culicidae vectors and feeding patterns showed a large heterogeneity of ... | 1996 | 8765950 |
| genetic differentiation in the yellow fever virus vector, aedes simpsoni complex, in africa: sequence variation in the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers of anthropophilic and non-anthropophilic populations. | mosquitoes of the aedes simpsoni complex are important vectors of yellow fever virus in africa. we examined the ribosomal dna sequence divergence in the internal transcribed spacer regions (its-1 and its-2) for populations of mosquitoes that were determined to be anthropophilic or non-anthropophilic in their bloodmeal host preference. a neighbour-joining tree produced two clades: one contained all of the individual mosquitoes from anthropophilic populations and the other contained all of the ind ... | 2000 | 10672075 |
| laboratory vector competence experiments with yellow fever virus and five south african mosquito species including aedes aegypti. | three domestic and peridomestic mosquito species, selected because their prevalence, distribution and ecology favoured them as potential urban vectors of yellow fever (yf) in south africa, were submitted to numerous tests for infectivity [measured as dose needed to infect 50% of the mosquitoes (mid50)], mainly with a kenyan strain (bc7914) of the virus. use of a nigerian virus strain (tvp1617) did not significantly alter infectivity. after artificial infective blood meals with titres of 7.0-8.0 ... | 2002 | 12474475 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| genetic structure of anopheles gambiae populations on islands in northwestern lake victoria, uganda. | alternative means of malaria control are urgently needed. evaluating the effectiveness of measures that involve genetic manipulation of vector populations will be facilitated by identifying small, genetically isolated vector populations. the study was designed to use variation in microsatellite markers to look at genetic structure across four lake victoria islands and two surrounding mainland populations and for evidence of any restriction to free gene flow. | 2005 | 16336684 |
| entomologic investigations of a chikungunya virus epidemic in the union of the comoros, 2005. | from january to april 2005, an epidemic of chikungunya virus (chikv) illness occurred in the union of comoros. entomological studies were undertaken during the peak of the outbreak, from march 11 to march 31, aimed at identifying the primary vector(s) involved in transmission so that appropriate public health measures could be implemented. adult mosquitoes were collected by backpack aspiration and human landing collection in homes and neighborhoods of clinically ill patients. water-holding conta ... | 2008 | 18187788 |
| horizontal gene transfer between wolbachia and the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the evolutionary importance of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) from wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria to their eukaryotic hosts is a topic of considerable interest and debate. recent transfers of genome fragments from wolbachia into insect chromosomes have been reported, but it has been argued that these fragments may be on an evolutionary trajectory to degradation and loss. | 2009 | 19154594 |
| insects and allies associated with bromeliads: a review. | bromeliads are a neotropical plant family (bromeliaceae) with about 2,900 described species. they vary considerably in architecture. many impound water in their inner leaf axils to form phytotelmata (plant pools), providing habitat for terrestrial arthropods with aquatic larvae, while their outer axils provide terraria for an assemblage of fully terrestrial arthropods. many bromeliads are epiphytic.dominant terrestrial arthropods with aquatic larvae inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata are typicall ... | 2009 | 20209047 |
| the genome of yoka poxvirus. | yoka poxvirus was isolated almost 4 decades ago from a mosquito pool in the central african republic. its classification as a poxvirus is based solely upon the morphology of virions visualized by electron microscopy. here we describe sequencing of the yoka poxvirus genome using a combination of roche/454 and illumina next generation sequencing technologies. a single consensus contig of ∼175 kb in length was generated that encoded 186 predicted genes. multiple methods were used to show that yoka ... | 2011 | 21813608 |
| scoping review of the zika virus literature. | the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ... | 2016 | 27244249 |
| molecular differentiation of the african yellow fever vector aedes bromeliae (diptera: culicidae) from its sympatric non-vector sister species, aedes lilii. | yellow fever continues to be a problem in sub-saharan africa with repeated epidemics occurring. the mosquito aedes bromeliae is a major vector of yellow fever, but it cannot be readily differentiated from its non-vector zoophilic sister species ae. lilii using morphological characters. genetic differences have been reported between anthropophilic ae. bromeliae and zoophilic ae. lilii and between forest and domestic populations. however, due to the application of different molecular markers and n ... | 2015 | 26641858 |
| the global distribution of yellow fever and dengue. | yellow fever has been subjected to partial control for decades, but there are signs that case numbers are now increasing globally, with the risk of local epidemic outbreaks. dengue case numbers have also increased dramatically during the past 40 years and different serotypes have invaded new geographical areas. despite the temporal changes in these closely related diseases, and their enormous public health impact, few attempts have been made to collect a comprehensive dataset of their spatial an ... | 0 | 16647971 |
| microhabitat partitioning of aedes simpsoni (diptera: culicidae). | yellow fever virus is a reemerging infection responsible for widespread, sporadic outbreaks across africa. although aedes aegypti (l.) is the most important vector globally, in east africa, epidemics may be vectored by aedes bromeliae (theobald), a member of the aedes simpsoni (theobald) species complex. the ae. simpsoni complex contains 10 subspecies, of which ae. bromeliae alone has been incriminated as a vector of yellow fever virus. however, morphological markers cannot distinguish ae. brome ... | 0 | 24897852 |
| zika virus in gabon (central africa)--2007: a new threat from aedes albopictus? | chikungunya and dengue viruses emerged in gabon in 2007, with large outbreaks primarily affecting the capital libreville and several northern towns. both viruses subsequently spread to the south-east of the country, with new outbreaks occurring in 2010. the mosquito species aedes albopictus, that was known as a secondary vector for both viruses, recently invaded the country and was the primary vector involved in the gabonese outbreaks. we conducted a retrospective study of human sera and mosquit ... | 2014 | 24516683 |
| dengue outbreak in mombasa city, kenya, 2013-2014: entomologic investigations. | dengue outbreaks were first reported in east africa in the late 1970s to early 1980s including the 1982 outbreak on the kenyan coast. in 2011, dengue outbreaks occurred in mandera in northern kenya and subsequently in mombasa city along the kenyan coast in 2013-2014. following laboratory confirmation of dengue fever cases, an entomologic investigation was conducted to establish the mosquito species, and densities, causing the outbreak. affected parts of the city were identified with the help of ... | 2016 | 27783626 |
| dry season production of filariasis and dengue vectors in american samoa and comparison with wet season production. | aedes polynesiensis and ae. aegypti breeding site productivity in two american samoa villages were analyzed during a dry season survey and compared with a wet season survey. both surveys identified similar container types producing greater numbers of pupae, with buckets, drums, and tires responsible for > 50% of aedes pupae during the dry season. the prevalence of containers with ae. polynesiensis and the density of ae. polynesiensis in discarded appliances, drums, and discarded plastic ice crea ... | 0 | 19996430 |
| a newly isolated reovirus has the simplest genomic and structural organization of any reovirus. | a total of 2,691 mosquitoes representing 17 species was collected from eight locations in southwest cameroon and screened for pathogenic viruses. ten isolates of a novel reovirus (genus dinovernavirus) were detected by culturing mosquito pools on aedes albopictus (c6/36) cell cultures. a virus that caused overt cytopathic effects was isolated, but it did not infect vertebrate cells or produce detectable disease in infant mice after intracerebral inoculation. the virus, tentatively designated fak ... | 2014 | 25355879 |
| biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body? | malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management. | 2015 | 25650005 |
| determinants of host feeding success by anopheles farauti. | the proportion of blood meals that mosquitoes take from a host species is a function of the interplay of extrinsic (abundance and location of potential hosts) and intrinsic (innate preference) factors. a mark-release-recapture experiment addressed whether host preference in a population of anopheles farauti was uniform or if there were anthropophilic and zoophilic subpopulations. the corresponding fitness associated with selecting different hosts for blood meals was compared by measuring fecundi ... | 2016 | 26964528 |
| ngari virus in goats during rift valley fever outbreak, mauritania, 2010. | | 0 | 25419696 |
| poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence. | poxviruses as a group can infect a large number of animals. however, at the level of individual viruses, even closely related poxviruses display highly diverse host ranges and virulence. for example, variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is human-specific and highly virulent only to humans, whereas related cowpox viruses naturally infect a broad spectrum of animals and only cause relatively mild disease in humans. the successful replication of poxviruses depends on their effective mani ... | 2013 | 24161410 |
| complete genome sequencing of mosquito and human isolates of ngari virus. | ngari virus (nriv) is a recently described, naturally occurring reassortant between two other orthobunyaviruses, bunyamwera virus (bunv) and batai virus (batv). intriguingly, this reassortment was associated with the acquisition of heightened virulence, although the molecular basis for this is not understood. here we report the first complete genome sequences of ngari virus. we include five isolates from various geographical locations, as well as samples isolated from both mosquitos and human ca ... | 0 | 23166252 |
| hybridization between aedes simpsoni and aedes woodi with observations on the genetic basis of morphological differences. | the public health importance of the genus aedes makes it imperative that a better understanding of the genetic differences and isolating barriers between the species be developed. aedes simpsoni and aedes woodi from near dar es salaam, tanzania, were used in this investigation. analysis of f(1), f(2), and backcross progeny obtained from forced matings indicates that single factors form the genetic basis of some of the differences between the two species. there is evidence that ae. simpsoni and a ... | 0 | 4537852 |
| preliminary studies on the use of ultra-low-volume applications of malathion for control of aedes simpsoni. | in view of the threat of additional yellow fever epidemics in east africa and recent successes in the use of malathion applied by the ultra-low-volume technique against insect vectors, field trials were initiated in november 1968 to test the efficacy of this method against aedes simpsoni. results of these trials show that in areas where musa ensetta is the principal breeding site, the application of 20.2 us fl oz/acre (1474 ml/ha) of malathion was capable of reducing vector populations 93%-100%. ... | 0 | 5309519 |
| evaluation of collection methods for culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and aedes simpsoni in northeastern tanzania. | in east africa, significant morbidity and mortality are caused by infections spread by culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. sticky traps have been shown to be effective tools for sampling populations of aedes mosquitoes and have been found to catch cx. quinquefasciatus. thus, they could potentially be used to sample populations of this species. this study compared sticky ovitraps (so) and mosquitraps (mqt) with the cdc gravid trap (cdc-gt) for collection of culex and aedes mosquito populati ... | 2016 | 27860009 |
| ecological studies on aedes simpsoni (diptera: culicidae) in southeastern nigeria. | | 1980 | 7420363 |