| [the sequence of a dimeric haemoglobin (component viib, chironomus thummi thummi, diptera) (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of the symmetric dimeric haemoglobin from type alpha2 component ctt viib from the larvae of chironomus thummi thummi is given. the sequence revealed the presence of at least two components differing in six positions. a comparison with human alpha-chains is discussed with respect to the primary structure, helices, and haem complex and haem contacts. | 1977 | 881165 |
| dependence of magneto-optical rotatory dispersion and magnetic circular dichroism of deoxy- and methemoglobin on their quaternary structure. | methods of magnetic optical activity, magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (mord) and magnetic circular dichroism (mcd), were shown to be sensitivie to the quaternary structure of deoxyhemoglobin. the isolated alpha and beta chains, the monomeric hemoglobins (leghemoglobin, fraction iii of chironomus thummi thummi hemoglobin) and hemoglobin in the r state (hemoglobin digested with carboxypeptidases a and b) exhibit in the visible region two mord minima of equal intensities. in native tetrameric h ... | 1976 | 952896 |
| [the flash-photolysis study of recombination of hemoproteins with carbon monoxide at low temperatures]. | the hemoproteins (sperm whale myoglobin, hemoglobin from larvae of chironomus thummi thummi, bovine hemoglobin) were studied in viscous solvents (saturated sucrose solution, glycerol and water-glycerol solutions) in the temperature range +50 divided by -100 degrees c. at low temperatures the three-phase kinetics of mb recombination with co was observed. the velocities of two "fast" reactions did not depend on ligand concentration. this fact indicates that they are due to a so called cage-effect. ... | 1975 | 1219383 |
| the isolation, characterization and cloning of a globin-like, host-protective antigen from the excretory-secretory products of trichostrongylus colubriformis. | an 18-kda component from the excretory-secretory (es) products of adults of trichostrongylus colubriformis was isolated and characterized, and was shown to induce 60-84% protection of guinea pigs from challenge infection following a single intraperitoneal injection. amino-terminal sequence analysis of gel-purified protein enabled oligonucleotides to be synthesized and used to screen a lambda gt10 cdna library made from young adult worm mrna, and to synthesize full-length clones from cdna using t ... | 1992 | 1542314 |
| histamine release from human basophils by the insect allergen chi t i. | hemoglobins of the diptera species chironomus thummi thummi (chi t i) are potent inhalant allergens. chi t i-specific histamine release was measured by a new radioimmunoassay in whole human blood taken from 20 sensitized patients, 11 exposed nonsensitized probands, and 11 nonexposed controls. the sensitized patients, who all had positive skin tests and radioallergosorbent test results with chi t i, showed a significantly higher histamine release than the two other groups. however, within the pat ... | 1990 | 1698722 |
| stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with chironomid hemoglobin allergen (chi t i). | hemoglobins (chi t i) of the dipteron species chironomus thummi thummi are known to cause severe allergic diseases in humans. we tested the allergen-specific stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) by chi t i and its nine main components. further, we applied fragments of the well-analyzed component iii, obtained by cleavage with trypsin as well as arginine protease. in this way, we screened the molecule in order to identify t-cell epitopes. the whole component was found to be imm ... | 1991 | 1718907 |
| epitope mapping of major insect allergens (chironomid hemoglobins) with monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (m abs) were raised against the physically and chemically well-defined insect allergen, component ctt iii from chironomus thummi thummi (ctt) hemoglobin. with these m abs, we observed epitopes present in as many different hemoglobin (hb) molecules from the widespread insect family chironomidae as possible. these hbs were identified as important allergens in previous studies. twenty m abs from seven different clones were tested for specificity against the ctt hbs iii, iiia, ... | 1987 | 2447145 |
| a common epitope on major allergens from non-biting midges (chironomidae). | a synthetic peptide corresponding to sequence 91-101 of the chironomus thummi thummi haemoglobins (chi t i) components iii and iv was used to investigate binding and cross-reactivity with polyclonal human ige and rabbit igg antibodies and murine igg1 subclass monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the synthetic peptide reacted with antibodies from all three mammals. the specificity of the reaction, especially that with ige antibodies was shown by dose dependent inhibition with native chi t i component ii ... | 1988 | 2464134 |
| kinetics of carbon monoxide binding to monomeric hemoproteins. role of the proximal histidine. | the effect of ph on (i) the second-order rate constant for co binding and (ii) the spectral properties of the deoxygenated derivative of several monomeric hemoproteins has been investigated in the ph range between 2.3 and 9.0. as in the case of 3-[1-imidazolyl]-propylamide monomethyl ester mesoheme, the rate constant for co binding to sperm whale, horse, dermochelys coriacea, coryphaena hippurus, and aplysia limacina myoglobins (the latter only in the presence of acetate/acetic acid mixture) inc ... | 1985 | 3980472 |
| structure and function of an at-rich, interspersed repetitive sequence from chironomus thummi: solenoidal dna, 142 bp palindrome-frame and homologies with the sequence for site-specific recombination of bacterial transposons. | chironomus thummi thummi contains a repetitive at-rich 118 bp sequence mainly in the centromere regions and elsewhere in the genome (1). a large cluster of repeats is regularly present in the non-transcribed spacer of rdna. dimers and multimers of the repeat migrate slower in small pore gels than would be expected from their size. the results indicate a solenoidal structure with a coil girth of appr. 350 bp. this structure is most probably due to a highly periodic positioning of di-nucleotides o ... | 1983 | 6314269 |
| [hemoglobin, xxxi. analysis or the primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt i (erythrocruorin) of chironomus thummi thummi, diptera]. | the sequence analysis of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt i (erythrocruorin) of chironomus thummi thummi is given. the tryptic peptides were separated and sequenced by automatic edman degradation. the alignment was established with help of some peptic peptides. in ctt i two polypeptide chains are present. they differ in position 98, where we found alanine and threonine in the ratio 1:1. ctt i is compared with human myoglobin and the monomeric component ctt iii. the dimeric components of ctt are also ... | 1980 | 7380386 |
| [hemoglobins, xxxii. analysis of the primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt viia (erythrocruorin) or chironomus thummi thummi, diptera (author's transl)]. | the dimeric hemoglobin ctt viia (erythrocruorin) was isolated from the hemolymph of the larva from chironomus thummi thummi and purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. peptides obtained by limited tryptical digestion were sequenced by automatic edman degradation. for the elucidation of the sequence in the c-terminal region of the chain, additional cleavages with proteinase of staphylococcus aureus and chymotrypsin were necessary. ctt viia is compared with human beta-chains an ... | 1980 | 7399413 |
| the primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) component ctt iv of chironomus thummi thummi (insecta, diptera). | the primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) ctt iv from larvae of chironomus thummi thummi (diptera) is presented. the sequence was determined automatically. the primary structure is compared with human alpha-globin-chain. | 1980 | 7445682 |
| purification and characterization of an allergenic monomeric hemoglobin from a chironomid distributed worldwide, polypedium nubifer. | the pol n component mv, a potent experimental allergen for mice, was purified to homogeneity from extracts of a chironomid distributed worldwide, polypedium nubifer (pn). the pol n i component mv was shown to have cross-reactivity to hemoglobins (hb) derived from all species of chironomids tested. determination of the amino acid sequence of the first 37 n-terminal residues revealed that it had 30-59% homology to hb of an european chironomid, chironomus thummi thummi, which had been known as an i ... | 1996 | 8688677 |
| cloning and expression of a murine fab fragment recognizing a defined linear epitope of chironomus thummi thummi major allergen chi t 1-9. | we have cloned and expressed in bacteria the genes coding for the fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody (moab) m3. m3 is a murine igg1 antibody reactive with the major allergen chi t 1-9 of chironomus thummi thummi. the major allergen chi t 1-9 is known to be an aggressive inhalant allergen and causes type-i allergy. the immunoglobulin (ig) fragment genes were cloned as a synthetic dicistronic operon. in this operon each gene is preceded by a bacterial signal sequence to direct the recombinant ... | 1996 | 8768802 |
| impact of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on larvae of chironomus thummi thummi and psectrocladius psilopterus (diptera: chironomidae) | chironomid larvae, especially species of the subfamily chironominae, are known to be sensitive to the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.). in this study, bioassays and electron microscopic investigations were carried out with third- and fourth-instar larvae of chironomus thummi thummi kieffer (subfamily chironominae) and psectrocladius psilopterus kieffer (subfamily orthocladiinae) in order to study the sensitivity of species belonging to different chironomid ... | 1999 | 10388545 |
| b-cell epitopes of the allergen chi t 1.01: peptide mapping of epitopes recognized by rabbit, murine, and human antibodies. | chi t 1.01, a hemoglobin of the midge chironomus thummi thummi, is a widespread environmental and occupational allergen. the aim of the present investigation was to identify and compare peptides involved in b-cell epitopes of chi t 1.01 recognized by 15 human ige sera, six murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. | 2001 | 11167371 |
| iron-carbon bond lengths in carbonmonoxy and cyanomet complexes of the monomeric hemoglobin iii from chironomus thummi thummi: a critical comparison between resonance raman and x-ray diffraction studies. | soret-excited resonance raman spectroscopy yields direct information regarding the iron-carbon bonding interactions in the cyanomet and carbonmonoxy complexes of hemoglobin iii from chironomus thummi thummi (ctt iii) in solution. by isotope exchange in cyanide (13cn-, c15n-, and 13c15n-) and carbon monoxide (13co, c18o, and 13c18o), we have assigned the fe(iii)-cn- stretching at 453 cm-1, the fe(iii)-c-n- bending at 412 cm-1, the fe(ii)-co stretching at 500 cm-1, the fe(ii)-c-o bending at 574 cm ... | 1984 | 6591180 |
| allergen-directed expression of fc receptors for ige (cd23) on human t lymphocytes is modulated by interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma. | t lymphocytes bearing fc receptors (fcr) for immunoglobulins are known to have immunoglobulin class-specific regulatory functions. here we report that expression on t cells of the low-affinity fcr for ige (fc epsilon rii/cd23) is preferentially induced by stimulation with antigens that cause an ige response. t cells from eight patients allergic to the hemoglobin of chironomus thummi thummi mosquito larvae (chit i) were analyzed for reactivity with the anti-fcerii/cd23 monoclonal antibody (mab) m ... | 1990 | 2142456 |
| [the sequence of a dimetric hemoglobin (component iibeta, chironomus thummi thummi, diptera) (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of the dimeric hemoglobin ctt 11beta from the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (diptera) is given. the sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin is presented for the first time. some details of this primary structure are discussed and compared with human alpha-chains. the sequence was determined automatically. | 1976 | 1017802 |
| [the primary structure of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin); component ctt vi of chironomus thummi thummi, diptera (author's transl)]. | the complete amino acid sequence of 147 residues was determined automatically for a major dimeric component (ctt vi) of the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). the molweight was found to be 32411. all tryptic, maleylated tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated. the handling of some large fragments was facilitated by maleylation and subsequent ion exchange chromatography. some details of the primary structure are discussed. the alignment of the amino acid sequence with th ... | 1979 | 500018 |
| [the sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component ix, from chironomus thummi thummi (insecta diptera) (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of the dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) ctt-ix from the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (insecta diptera) is given. the sequence was determined automatically. the primary structure is compared with human alpha-chains. | 1979 | 160709 |
| comparison of insect hemoglobins (erythrocruorins) from chironomus thummi thummi and chironomus thummi piger (diptera). the primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin ctp iii. | the monomeric hemoglobin fractions of chironomus thummi thummi (ctt) and chironomus thummi piger (ctp) differ in the ratio of their components. the determination of the primary structure of the component ctp iii was achieved by automatic edman degradation of the native chain, the tryptic peptides and the c-terminal fragment, obtained by cleavage at the single tryptophan residue. it revealed two chains in the ratio 1:1 which share the ambiguity threonine/isoleucine in position 57 with ctt iii. wh ... | 1989 | 2590466 |
| nonreciprocal gonadal dysgenesis in hybrids of the chironomid midge chironomus thummi. iv. behavior of a female-specific protein, probably a vitellogenin. | using denaturing sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a protein with a subunit mw of about 148,000 daltons could be detected in the fat body of females of the reciprocal hybrids of chironomus thummi thummi and chironomus thummi piger, which is not present in males. this protein is presumably a vitellogenin and can be found in both hybrids during the late fourth-instar larval stage until eclosion of the adults, i.e., in early vitellogenesis. after eclosion, the reciprocal hybrids behave differ ... | 1990 | 2085312 |
| reactivity of ferrous heme proteins at low ph. | the ph rate profile of sperm whale myoglobin (mb) reacting with co has been confirmed to follow the behavior previously reported (giacometti, g.m., traylor, t.g., ascenzi, p., brunori, m., and antonini, e. (1977) j. biol. chem. 252, 7447-7448), and appears to be different from that obtained by others. the ph investigation has been extended to the co-binding rates of chironomus thummi thummi erythrocruorin and aplysia limacina mb, whose ph rate profile is different from that of sperm whale mb. be ... | 1983 | 6630184 |
| the cobalt-nitrosyl stretching vibration as a sensitive resonance raman probe for distal histidine-nitrosyl interaction in monomeric hemoglobins. | the co-no stretching vibration has been assigned in the resonance raman spectra of various cobalt-substituted monomeric hemoglobins by employing isotope-labeling of nitrosyl (14n16o, 15n16o, 14n18o). monomeric hemoglobins with a distal histidine (sperm whale myoglobin and leghemoglobin) exhibit this vibration at 573-575 cm-1, whereas hemoglobins without distal histidine (elephant myoglobin and insect hemoglobin from chironomus thummi thummi, ctt iii) show this vibration in the range of 553-558 c ... | 1986 | 3743568 |
| proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the solution distal histidine orientation in monomeric chironomus thummi thummi cyanomet hemoglobins. dynamic stability of the heme pocket as monitored by labile proton exchange. | the 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectral characteristics of the cyano-met form of chironomus thummi thummi monomeric hemoglobins i, iii and iv in 1h2o solvent are reported. a set of four exchangeable hyperfine-shifted resonances is found for each of the two heme-insertion isomers in the hyperfine-shifted region downfield of ten parts per million. an analysis of relaxation, exchange rates and nuclear overhauser effects leads to assignments for all these resonances to histidine f8 and the side-c ... | 1991 | 1658331 |
| chromatin structure in bands and interbands of polytene chromosomes imaged by atomic force microscopy. | polytene chromosomes from drosophila melanogaster, observed from squash preparations, and chromosomes from chironomus thummi thummi, investigated under physiological conditions, are imaged using an atomic force microscope. various chromatin fiber structures can be observed with high detail in fixed chromosomes and correspond to structures which are also observed in chromosomes of diploid cells. unfixed chromosomes can be imaged in buffer and show less fiber-like details because of the inherent s ... | 1998 | 9573615 |
| [adult case of bronchial asthma induced by chironomid midges]. | a 48-year-old woman who was diagnosed to have bronchial asthma induced by chironomid midges is reported. in spring of 1985, massive growth of chironomid midges occurred in the river beside her house. since then, moderate growth has occurred in every spring or summer. she had wheezing attacks every may or june since june 1986. on may 2, 1991, she was hospitalized because of exacerbation of wheezing and dyspnea. wheezing attacks were improved by appropriate medical treatment during hospitalization ... | 1993 | 8121098 |
| bohr effect in monomeric insect haemoglobins controlled by o2 off-rate and modulated by haem-rotational disorder. | the monomeric insect (chironomus thummi thummi) haemoglobins ctt iii and ctt iv show an alkaline bohr effect. the amplitude of the bohr effect curve of ctt iv is about twice as large as that of ctt iii. in particular, at low ph a time-dependent 'slow' decrease in p50 upon cyclic oxygenation/deoxygenation is observed which is larger if dithionite, instead of ascorbate, is the reducing agent. the decrease of p50 (increase in affinity) correlates with the ratio of haem-rotational components exhibit ... | 2013 | 3709540 |
| a myoglobin-type haemoglobin of chironomus thummi thummi. | | 2015 | 4333654 |
| the polymeric hemoglobin molecule of artemia. interpretation of translated cdna sequence of nine domains. | translated cdna for artemia hemoglobin provided sequence data for almost nine domains, from the fourth residue of the a helix of one domain through 1405 residues to a stop codon after the ninth domain. the domain sequences were all different (homology between pairs 17-38%) but aligned well with each other and with conventional globins, satisfying the requirements for phe at cd1, his at f8 and most other highly conserved features of globins including his at e7. features found to be characteristic ... | 2006 | 1856210 |
| calculation of the circular dichroism of chironomus hemoglobin in the light of the quality of its x-ray structure. | for the larval hemoglobin iii of the insect chironomus thummi thummi, the rotational strength of the b (soret) and q band is calculated with a monopole/monopole and a dipole/dipole approximation applied to the atomic co-ordinates of the x-ray structures at 2.5 and 1.4 a resolution. in previous calculations using the 2.5 a co-ordinates and with perturbing groups being restricted to aromatic side-chains, the dipole/dipole approximation clearly confirmed the negative sign observed by experiment. th ... | 2003 | 154227 |
| allergy to chironomid larvae (red migde larvae) in non professional handlers of fish food. | chironomids are insects which inhabit wetlands. in countries such as sudan, the united states. egypt and japan they are the cause of serious environmental allergy. in europe, and particularly in spain, allergy to chironomids is infrequent and has only been described in patients who handle chironomid larvae which form part of certain fish foods. | 2006 | 16599251 |
| modulation of oxygen binding to insect hemoglobins: the structure of hemoglobin from the botfly gasterophilus intestinalis. | hemoglobins (hbs) reversibly bind gaseous diatomic ligands (e.g., o2) as the sixth heme axial ligand of the penta-coordinate deoxygenated form. selected members of the hb superfamily, however, display a functionally relevant hexa-coordinate heme fe atom in their deoxygenated state. endogenous heme hexa-coordination is generally provided in these hbs by the e7 residue (often his), which thus modulates accessibility to the heme distal pocket and reactivity of the heme toward exogenous ligands. suc ... | 2005 | 16260762 |
| raman microspectroscopic study of low-ph-induced changes in dna structure of polytene chromosomes. | the effects of low-ph treatments on dna structure in polytene chromosomes of chironomus thummi thummi have been studied by raman microspectroscopy. measurements were carried out on chromosomes at low ph and on chromosomes reneutralized after a short exposure to low ph. protonation of adenine residues and subsequent unpairing of adenine (a) and thymine (t) were found to commence already above ph 3.6 and are completed at ph 2.2. protonation of the cytosine-guanine base pair also starts above ph 3. ... | 1994 | 8136376 |
| analysis of b-cell epitopes in the n-terminal region of chi t i component iii using monoclonal antibodies. | the hemoglobins of the midge chironomus thummi thummi (chi t i) are known to cause immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in humans. further knowledge of the antigenic sites of such allergens will provide new therapeutic approaches. the aim of our study was to identify and characterize linear b-cell epitopes of the hemoglobin component iii of chi t i (136 amino acid residues). using the antigenic index algorithm of jameson and wolf (jameson and wolf (1988) comput. appl. biosci. 4, 181-186), t ... | 1994 | 7523869 |
| [hemoglobins xl: sequence analysis of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt iv (erythrocruorin) of chironomus thummi thummi, diptera (author's transl)]. | the sequence analysis of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt iv is given. the primary structure was determined by automatic edman degradation of the protein and of peptides obtained by enzymatical or by chemical cleavages. the protein chain consists of 136 amino acids. the primary structure is compared with the primary structure of the human beta-chains and of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt iii. | 1981 | 7250903 |
| [hemoglobins, xxxix. amino acid sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) from chironomus thummi thummi: component ctt viii]. | the globin of the homo-dimeric hemoglobin ctt viii was isolated by chromatography of the ctt-hemoglobins on deae-cellulose and rechromatography of the crude ctt viii globin on cm-cellulose. the sequence was established by automatic degradation of the globin, tryptic peptides derived from various limited tryptic digestions and one cyanogen bromide peptide. as an additional proof of the c-terminal sequence splitting with carboxypeptidase was carried out. the tryptic activity was limited by chemica ... | 1981 | 7239440 |
| hemoglobins, xxxviii. amino acid sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component vi from chironomus thummi thummi (ctt vi). | the dimeric hemoglobin ctt vi (erythrocruorin) was isolated from the hemolymph of the larvae of chironomus thummi thummi. the globin from ctt vi was subjected to trypsin, limited trypsin and cyanogen bromide digestion. for elucidation of the sequence in the c-terminal region, cleavage with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease was also carried out. the peptides were separated by gel and ion-exchange chromatography. the handling of some large fragments was facilitated by maleylation and subsequent io ... | 1981 | 7227979 |
| [hemoglobins, xxxvii. the primary structure of a monomeric insect hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component ctt iiia of chironomus thummi thummi. an anomalous heme complex: e7 gln, e11 ile]. | the primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin ctt iiia of the midge larva of chironomus thummi thummi is presented. cyanogenbromide peptides and tryptic peptides were used for sequence analysis. the primary structure was established with a small number of large peptides. the complete sequencing of the cyanogen bromide peptides was enabled by the c-terminal fixation of arginine. the primary structure of ctt iiia is compared to the beta-chains of human and to the monomeric component ctt iii: c ... | 1981 | 7216163 |
| [hemoglobins, xxxvi: the primary structure of a dimeric insect hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component ix from chironomus thummi thummi. studies on the quarternary structure of the dimeric ctt-hemoglobins (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of a dimeric insect hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component ctt ix (chironomus thummi thummi) was established by automatic sequence analysis. the alignment of the peptides was facilitated by producing only a few large fragments. the primary structure of ctt ix is compared with the human beta-chains and with ctt iii. it is discussed, why for the dimeric ctt-hemoglobins only dimerisation can be observed but no tetramerisation. experiments were done to locate the binding areas ... | 1981 | 7216162 |
| the nucleotide sequence and in situ localization of a gene for a dimeric haemoglobin from the midge chironomus thummi piger. | a cluster containing at least four globin genes was isolated by screening an lambda embl3 genomic dna library of the midge chironomus thummi piger (ctp) with a heterologous haemoglobin (hb) gene iv (hbiv) probe from chironomus thummi thummi (ctt). this globin gene cluster was localized by in situ hybridization to chromosome ii. one globin gene together with its 5'- and 3'-flanking regions has been sequenced. it can be deduced from the sequence that it is a new member of the dimeric hbviib family ... | 1988 | 2841201 |
| [karyotypes of chironomus thummi. i. diagram of the salivary chromosomes of chironomus thummi thummi and cytological differentiation of the subspecies chiromomus thummi thummi and chironomus thummi piger]. | | 1957 | 13523751 |
| protein contact dermatitis from midge larvae (chironomus thummi thummi). | | 1999 | 10475528 |
| an electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of the extracellular hemoglobins from chironomus thummi thummi. | the aquatic larvae of the dipteran, chironomus thummi thummi contain extracellular hemoglobins which exhibit stage-specific expression. we have used maximum entropy-based deconvolution of the complex, multiply charged electrospray ionization mass spectra, to demonstrate the presence of more than 20 components, ranging in mass from 14,417.3 da to 17,356.5 da in the 4th instar larvae. of the 15 major peaks with intensities > 10 relative to 100 for the 14,417.3 da-component (ctt-iv), only the 15,52 ... | 1998 | 9546055 |
| evolution of orthologous intronless and intron-bearing globin genes in two insect species. | while globin genes ctt-2beta and ctt-9.1 in chironomus thummi thummi each have a single intron, all of the other insect globin genes reported so far are intronless. we analyzed four globin genes linked to the two intron-bearing genes in c. th. thummi. three have a single intron at the same position as ctt-2beta and ctt-9.1; the fourth is intronless and lies between intron bearing genes. finally, in addition to its intron, one gene (ctt-13rt) was recently interrupted by retrotransposition. phylog ... | 1997 | 9342397 |
| solution 1h-nmr structure of the heme cavity in the low-affinity state for the allosteric monomeric cyano-met hemoglobins from chironomus thummi thummi. comparison to the crystal structure. | solution 1h-nmr studies of the heme cavity were performed for the cyanomet complexes of monomeric hemoglobins iii and iv from the insect chironomus thummi thummi, each of which exhibit marked bohr effects. the low ph 5, paramagnetic (s = 1/2) derivatives were selected for study because the large dipolar shifts provide improved resolution over diamagnetic forms and allow distinction between the two isomeric heme orientations [peyton, d. h., la mar, g. n. & gersonde, k. (1988) biochim. biophys. ac ... | 1996 | 8647133 |
| identification of a polytene chromosome band containing a male sex determiner of chironomus thummi thummi. | hybrid males of chironomus thummi piger female x ch. th. thummi male crosses were backcrossed with females of both parental stocks. fourth-instar larvae of these backcrosses showed sex specific differences in the pairing behavior of region d3d-g in chromosome arm f of salivary gland chromosome iii. analysis of the banding pattern of region d3d-g after rb and quinacrine staining demonstrated that in piger female x thummi male hybrid males a single selectively stained band occurs within this regio ... | 1985 | 3979175 |
| the nucleotide sequence of an unusual non-transcribed spacer and its ancestor in the rdna in chironomus thummi. | the nucleotide sequence of the non-transcribed spacer (nts) in the ribosomal dna (rdna) of chironomus thummi thummi and chironomus thummi piger, including major parts of the external transcribed spacer, is described. the nts of the two subspecies are very different in length, (thummi, 7 kb, piger, 2 kb); this is due to the insertion into the nts of c.th. thummi of a large cluster of highly repetitive dna sequences which are not present in the nts of c. th. piger. the repetitive sequences, called ... | 1983 | 6313353 |
| cloning and analysis of ribosomal dna of chironomus thummi piger and chironomus thummi thummi. the nontranscribed spacer of ch. th. thummi contains a highly repetitive dna sequence. | the ribosomal dnas from ch. thummi piger and ch. th. thummi were cloned and analysed by a variety of restriction endonucleases. comparison of rdna clones from the two subspecies revealed a considerable length difference: the length of the analysed rdna cistrons is approximately 9.0 kb for ch. th. piger and approximately 14.5 kb for ch. th. thummi. the nearly 5 kb additional dna in ch. th. thummi is clearly located within the non-transcribed spacer region, and consists of at-rich, repetitive dna ... | 1982 | 6301779 |
| different repetition frequencies of a 120 base-pair dna-element and its arrangement in chironomus thummi thummi and chironomus thummi piger. | the repetition frequency of a highly repetitive dna sequence has been measured in the genomes of ch. thummi thummi and ch, th, piger. this sequence is known to be involved in the evolutionary duplication of defined chromosomal segments leading to a significant increase in the genome size of ch. th. thummi. reassociation of this highly repetitive dna sequence which has a repeat length of 120 base-pairs, with total ch. th. thummi and ch. th. piger dna has shown that the repetition frequency in the ... | 1981 | 7297251 |
| protein-structural heterogeneity in a non-allosteric monomeric insect hemoglobin monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | proton nmr has revealed two modes of structural heterogeneity in the monomeric hemoglobin i of chironomus thummi thummi, ctt i; rotational disorder caused by a 180 degree rotation of the heme about the alpha, gamma-meso axis (primary heterogeneity), which varies for each preparation or reconstitution of this hemoglobin, and a 'silent' amino acid replacement [thr/ala exchange in position 98(fg4)] in the vicinity of the heme group, which is invariant under all experimental conditions. the heme rot ... | 1987 | 2822413 |
| assignment of the fe-n epsilon (his) stretching mode in the resonance raman spectra of a monomeric insect cyanomethaemoglobin. | resonance raman (rr) spectra of the monomeric cyanomethaemoglobin ctt iii from insect larvae of chironomus thummi thummi are shown for the range of 200-550 cm-1. by iron and cyanide isotope exchange a line varying between 307 cm-1 for 57fe-13c15n and 311 cm-1 for 54fe-12c14n, has been assigned to the fe-n epsilon stretching mode of this haem complex. the substitution of 54fe for 57fe has no effect on the fe-c = n bending mode whereas it affects the fe-cn stretching mode. | 1984 | 6500060 |
| dynamic properties of monomeric insect erythrocruorin iii from chironomus thummi-thummi: relationships between structural flexibility and functional complexity. | we have investigated the kinetics of geminate carbon monoxide binding to the monomeric component iii of chironomus thummi-thummi erythrocruorin, a protein that undergoes ph-induced conformational changes linked to a pronounced bohr effect. measurements were performed from cryogenic temperatures to room temperature in 75% glycerol and either 0.1 m potassium phosphate (ph 7) or 0.1 potassium borate (ph 9) after nanosecond laser photolysis. the distributions of the low temperature activation enthal ... | 1997 | 9370468 |
| complex evolution of tandem-repetitive dna in the chironomus thummi species group. | the subspecies chironomus thummi thummi and c. t. piger display dramatic differences in the copy number and chromosomal localization of a tandemly repeated dna family (cla elements). in order to analyze the evolutionary dynamics of this repeat family, we studied the organization of cla elements in the related outgroup species c. luridus. we find three different patterns of cla element organization in c. luridus, showing that cla elements may be either strictly tandem-repetitive or be an integral ... | 1997 | 9060398 |
| solution nmr study of the structural basis of the bohr effect in the monomeric hemoglobins from chironomus thummi thummi. | the larva of the midge chironomus thummi thummi possesses two monomeric hemoglobins. hbiii and hbiv, with extensive sequence homology, which exhibit marked but differential bohr effects (ph influence on ligand affinity). these hbs serve as ideal models for allosteric control of ligand affinity via tertiary-only structural changes. the cyanomet derivatives of these two hbs have been shown to possess essentially indistinguishable heme cavity structures in solution at low ph (zhang et al., 1996) th ... | 1997 | 9048552 |
| molecular evolutionary analysis of the ywvz/7b globin gene cluster of the insect chironomus thummi. | we report the sequence of 8.1 kb of dna containing the 3' end of one and seven other complete intronless globin genes from the ywvz/7b locus of the dipteran chironomus thummi thummi. one of these (ctt-v) appears to be a pseudogene by virtue of a premature termination codon, whereas the others encode apparently functional globin polypeptides. taken together with previously published data, the c. th. thummi ywvz/7b locus codes for at least 11 globins, five of which differ from one another by no mo ... | 1995 | 7563117 |
| sequence and evolution of the gene for the monomeric globin i and its linkage to genes coding for dimeric globins in the insect chironomus thummi. | we isolated genomic clones containing sequences encoding globins i and ia from a chironomus thummi thummi genomic library. three clones contain globin ia (ctt-1a) genes, while one contains a globin i (ctt-1) gene. the coding regions of the four genes are identical except for the single base substitution accounting for the globin i/ia polymorphism. the noncoding dna flanking the coding region is more than 98% similar, confirming a previous hypothesis that the globin ctt-1 and ctt-1a genes are all ... | 1995 | 7769612 |
| sequences of globin 6 gene alleles and linkage of globin 6 and 7b genes in the insect chironomus thummi thummi. | the purpose of this study was to isolate the stage-specifically expressed chironomus thummi thummi globin-encoding gene (gb) 6 (ctt-6). the final product of this gene is hemoglobin (hb) ctt-vi, a protein that is phylogenetically most closely related to hb ctt-viib. in the absence of chromosomal rearrangement, genes of immediate common ancestry should be closely linked. this was shown for a genomic clone containing the gb ctt-3 and ctt-4 genes (encoding hb ctt-iii and ctt-iv, respectively), and a ... | 1995 | 7875590 |
| preparation and characterization of insect hemoglobins from chironomus thummi thummi. | | 1994 | 8041289 |
| divergent evolution of an "orphon" histone gene cluster in chironomus. | the histone genes of the midge chironomus thummi thummi are organized in tandemly repeated gene groups, each containing the four core histone genes plus an h1 gene. these repetitive gene groups are found at five different loci, linked on one chromosomal arm. in addition to the clustered gene groups an isolated histone gene group exists which is found spatially separated on a different chromosome ("orphon" gene group). these orphon genes have been cloned and analysed in detail. nucleotide sequenc ... | 1993 | 8263935 |
| the sex determining region of chironomus thummi is associated with highly repetitive dna and transposable elements. | the dominant male sex determiner in chromosome iii of the midge chironomus thummi thummi is closely linked to a large cluster of tandem-repetitive dna elements, the cla elements, which are otherwise highly repetitive and distributed over more than 200 sites on all chromosomes. chromosome iii displays a hemizygous cluster of cla elements in males but not in females. the chromosomal location of this hemizygous cla element cluster is in the region of the male determiner m as localized by cytogeneti ... | 1993 | 8243167 |
| mec: a transposable element from chironomus thummi (diptera). | two genomic clones, pc1.2 and p20d (containing inserts of 2.0 and 1.6 kb, respectively) were isolated from the a2b region to polytene chromosome iv of chironomus thummi thummi salivary gland cells. upon in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes of c. thummi thummi and c. thummi piger, p20d dna hybridized mainly over the a2b region of chromosome iv, whereas pc1.2 dna hybridized to at least 90 sites distributed over all the chromosomes. a partial nucleotide sequence analysis showed that these ... | 1991 | 1654507 |
| differential regulation of insect globin and actin mrnas during larval development in chironomus thummi. | s1 nuclease protection assays were used to measure changes in the steady-state levels of six different globin (gb) mrnas in the midge, chironomus thummi thummi (c. thummi, diptera) during larval development. two distinct patterns of change were observed. gbi, iv, viib-4 and viib-5 transcripts were present in 3rd instar larvae, rose from low levels immediately post-moult to peak levels by day 2-3 of the 4th instar, and then declined, reaching near-basal levels by day 7-8. in contrast, transcripts ... | 1991 | 2055487 |
| new foldback transposable element tfb1 found in histone genes of the midge chironomus thummi. | a new foldback transposable element (tfb1) has been found in the histone h1-h3 intergenic region in the midge chironomus thummi thummi. tfb1 has long terminal inverted repeats, composed of short, degenerate subrepeats and is flanked by nine or ten base-pair "target site" duplications. tfb1 is present in at least two adjacent histone gene units in ch. th. thummi, indicating a homogenization of histone gene repeats. the copy number and chromosomal distribution of tfb1 are different in the closely ... | 1990 | 2172549 |
| [study on the clinical usefulness of rast using insect and mite allergen discs]. | in order to examine the usefulness of mite and insect rast, rast was carried out on 79 asthmatic patients using mite, cockroach, mosquito and larval chironomid midge (chironomus thummi thummi, ctt) allergen discs supplied from pharmacia ab, and discs of two species of adult chironomid midge (tokunagayusurika akamusi, ta and chironomus yoshimatsui, cy in japan) which were prepared in our laboratories. the results were as follows. 1) the positive rate of rast in 65 randomly selected asthmatic pati ... | 1989 | 2589977 |
| multiple clustered genes of the haemoglobin viib subfamily of chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). | the nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequence of three globin viib genes from the midge, chironomus thummi thummi have been determined. these three genes are intronless, like all previously reported chironomid globin genes. transcription of globin genes viib-4, viib-5 (and/or viib-6) and viib-7 was demonstrated by s1 nuclease protection analysis. comparison of actual and inferred globin viib amino acid sequences reveals that (i) most of the amino acid substitutions are conservative in nature, ... | 1988 | 2852146 |
| a nuclear overhauser study of heme orientational isomerism in monomeric chironomus hemoglobins. | the nuclear overhauser effect (noe) was used to investigate heme orientation and to obtain assignments for all resolved resonances in the 1h-nmr spectrum of met-cyano chironomus thummi thummi monomeric hemoglobins iii and iv (hb iii and hb iv). the only non-heme resolved resonance was found to be from phe-38 (cd1), and noe dipolar connectivity between this resonance and the heme 5- and 8-methyls was used to establish the absolute orientation of the heme for each heme-insertion isomer present. th ... | 1988 | 3358941 |
| resonance raman evidence for an unusually strong exogenous ligand-metal bond in a monomeric nitrosyl manganese hemoglobin. | resonance raman spectroscopy has been employed to determine the vibrational modes of monomeric nitrosyl manganese chironomus thummi thummi hemoglobin (ctt iv). this insect hemoglobin has no distal histidine. by applying various isotope-labeled nitric oxides (14n16o, 15n16o, 14n18o), we have identified the mn11-no stretching model at 628 cm-1, the mn11-n-o bending mode at 574 cm-1 and the n-o stretching mode at 1735 cm-1. the results suggest a strong mn11-no bond and a weak n-o bond. the vinyl gr ... | 1988 | 3345847 |
| resonance raman evidence for the mechanism of the allosteric control of o2-binding in a cobalt-substituted monomeric insect hemoglobin. | the substitution of iron for cobalt in the monomeric insect hemoglobin ctt (chironomus thummi thummi) iii does not alter the bohr effect for o2-binding. the cobalt substitution in this hemoglobin allows us to identify not only the o-o and co-o2 stretching mode but also the co-o-o bending mode by resonance raman spectroscopy. the assignments were made via 16o2/18o2 isotope exchange. the modes associated with the co-o-o moiety are ph-dependent. these ph-induced changes of the resonance raman spect ... | 1987 | 3828462 |
| genomic organization and primary structure of five homologous pairs of intron-less genes encoding secretory globins from the insect chironomus thummi thummi. | from a chironomus thummi thummi genomic library we have isolated two distinct recombinant phages, cttg-1 and cttg-3, each carrying a cluster of five homologous globin genes. in addition to the previously reported nucleotide sequence of globin gene d (antoine and niessing, 1984) we present the chromosomal arrangement, primary structure and predicted amino acid sequence of nine globin genes. the divergently transcribed globin genes all lack introns, they encode secretory preglobins each containing ... | 1987 | 3678833 |
| non-reciprocal gonadal dysgenesis in hybrids of the chironomid midge chironomus thummi. iii. germ line specific abnormalities. | in male hybrids of the cross chironomus thummi thummi (stock hl) females x ch. th. piger (stock e) males, but not the reciprocal cross, rudimentary testes develop at a growth temperature of 21 degrees c. within the dysgenic testes of these hybrids a number of abnormalities are observed which are restricted to the germ line. approximately 60% of the hybrid males show allocyclic chromosome behaviour in spermatogonia and spermatocyte i nuclei. within these nuclei two groups of four chromosomes are ... | 1987 | 3436223 |
| proton-magnetic-resonance investigation of the dynamics of the conformational transition in allosteric monomeric insect hemoglobins. | 1h-nmr spectra of the monomeric insect (chironomus thummi thummi) hemoglobins ctt iii and ctt iv were investigated in the ph range 5-10 to gain insight into the dynamics of the tense to relaxed (t in equilibrium r) conformational transition in the deoxy (at 200 mhz) and cyano-met (at 360 mhz) form. these hemoglobins exhibit a ph-sensitive o2 affinity (bohr effect) which is linked to the conformational transition. both hemoglobins are comprised of two components which show heme rotational disorde ... | 1986 | 3780749 |
| resonance raman investigation of co-ligated monomeric insect hemoglobins. direct evidence for reciprocal changes in iron-axial ligand bonds induced by allosteric transitions. | the resonance raman spectra of the two affinity states of the co-ligated monomeric insect hemoglobins, chironomus thummi thummi (ctt) iii ad iv, have been investigated. we have identified (via 54fe/57fe and 13c18o/12c16o isotope exchange) the fe-n epsilon(his) stretching mode at approximately 317 cm-1. this stretching mode changes from 329 (ph 5.5) to 317 cm-1 (ph 9.5) reflecting the ph-induced t in equilibrium with r conformational transition. the fe-co stretching mode is also ph-sensitive chan ... | 1986 | 3722166 |
| iron-histidine stretching vibration in the deoxy state of insect hemoglobins with different o2 affinities and bohr effects. | resonance raman spectroscopy has been employed to detect the iron-proximal histidine stretching mode in deoxyhemoglobins from insect larvae of chironomus thummi thummi (ctt). with the excitation of 413.1 nm, we observe a sharp and intense line in the 220-224 cm-1 region. the assignment of this line to the fe-n epsilon (his) stretching mode was made on the basis of a 3-cm-1 shift upon 57fe/54fe isotope substitution. the fe-n epsilon (his) vibration is used to monitor the possible changes in the f ... | 1985 | 4044602 |
| application of 7-amino-actinomycin d for the fluorescence microscopical analysis of dna in cells and polytene chromosomes. | the cytochemical properties of a guanine-specific synthetic fluorescent analogue of actinomycin d, 7-amino-actinomycin d, have been studied in fixed and living preparations of l cells and polytene chromosomes of salivary glands of chironomus thummi thummi and drosophila lummei (hackman). 7-amino-actinomycin d has been shown to bind to dna-containing structures, thereby inducing in them a bright red fluorescence. no specific fluorescence has been found in rna-containing structures treated with th ... | 1985 | 4019246 |
| functional multiplicity and structural correlations in the hemoglobin system of larvae of chironomus thummi thummi (insecta, diptera): hb components ctt i, ctt ii beta, ctt iii, ctt iv, ctt vi, ctt viib, ctt ix and ctt x. | larvae of the dipteran insect chironomus thummi thummi that burrow in fresh-water muds, contain at least 12 hemoglobin (hb) components of which the functional properties have not been systematically documented, although their amino acid sequences have been elucidated, showing mutually distinct primary structures. we isolated eight components (the monomeric hbs ctt i, ctt iii and ctt iv and the dimeric hbs ctt ii beta, ctt vi, ctt viib, ctt ix and ctt x) and measured in each o2 affinity and coope ... | 1985 | 3995921 |
| clustered and interspersed repetitive dna sequence family of chironomus. the nucleotide sequence of the cla-elements and of various flanking sequences. | the nucleotide sequence of more than 30 cloned members of the clustered and interspersed repetitive cla-sequence family present in the genome of various chironomids has been determined. in four cloned cla-element clusters, the 5' and 3'-flanking sequences including the junctions between the cla-element clusters and the flanking sequences were also sequenced. the repetitive cla-elements, which are able to transpose under certain circumstances, have a monomer length ranging from 110 to 119 base-pa ... | 1984 | 6090676 |
| conformation-controlled trans-effect of the proximal histidine in haemoglobins. an electron spin resonance study of monomeric nitrosyl-57fe-haemoglobins. | a monomeric allosteric haemoglobin from chironomus thummi thummi was reconstituted with 57fe-haem. this reconstituted haemoglobin was found to be identical to the non-reconstituted material with regard to the o2-binding properties and the visible spectra. the 270 mhz proton magnetic resonance of the bis (cyano)-57fe-haemin shows that the reconstituted haem is identical with the non-reconstituted haem. furthermore it has been proved by proton magnetic resonance that in chironomus haemoglobins the ... | 2016 | 185829 |
| a calorimetric study of the co bohr effect of monomeric haemoglobins. | a calorimetric study has been made of the heats of co reaction with the monomeric haemoglobins of chironomus thummi thummi iii and iv as a function of ph. the number of bohr protons released at ph 7.1 was determined from heats of reaction in different buffers as 0.19 and 0.31 mol h+/mol co for haemoglobin iii and iv respectively. the heat of the bohr ionization process was found to be 6 and 8 kcal/mol h+ (25 and 34 kj/mol) for the haemoglobins iii and iv. these values are consistent with values ... | 1976 | 4303 |
| [urticaria and quincke's edema caused by chironomid larva (chironomus thummi thummi) as fishfood]. | we report on a patient having developed urticaria and quincke's edema after contact with chironomidae for fishfood. | 1983 | 6659634 |
| [selected carboxymethylation of ferri-hemoglobin from insect larvae chironomus thummi thummi]. | specific modification of the monomeric fraction iii of ferri-hemoglobin from insect larvae chironomus thummi thummi (hb ctt) was studied on histidyl residues his-g19 (pk 4,8), his-e5 (pk 7,3) and met-h22 at different ph using iodacetamide and spin label 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-bromacethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl, an analogue of bromacetate. the analysis of the products of carboxymethylation (cm) showed that at ph 5,0 two products of modification cm-(his-g19)-hb ctt, and cm-(met-h22)-hb ctt were obtained. ... | 2013 | 175263 |
| high-resolution proton nmr as indicator of a silent mutation in the haem cavity of a monomeric allosteric haemoglobin. | comparison of the high-field 1h-nmr spectra of the met-cyano complexes of allosteric haemoglobins iii and iv of the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (ctt-iii and ctt-iv) shows that, in addition to the molecular heterogeneity previously described for both hbs as due to haem orientational disorder [la mar et al. (1980) j. biol. chem. 255, 66-70], ctt-iii but not ctt-iv exhibits a second heterogeneity as evidenced by splitting of numerous signals. reconstitution of ctt-iii with modified haems ... | 1983 | 6617656 |
| the analysis of a protein-polymorphism. evolution of monomeric and homodimeric haemoglobins (erythrocruorins) of chironomus thummi thummi (insecta, diptera). | the evolutionary history of 12 chironomus thummi thummi (ctt) haemoglobins of known primary structures was reconstructed by the maximum parsimony method. this reconstruction demonstrates that the 12 ctt haemoglobin lineages originated monophyletically from a common ancestor within early insecta and have the lineage to monomeric blood worm haemoglobin as their closest sister group. it can be further deduced that the earliest ancestral ctt haemoglobins were monomers and that a branch to all extant ... | 1983 | 6862374 |
| identification of left-handed z-dna by indirect immunofluorescence in polytene chromosomes of chironomus thummi thummi. | | 1982 | 6754397 |
| bohr-effect and ph-dependence of electron spin resonance spectra of a cobalt-substituted monomeric insect haemoglobin. | the monomeric haemoglobin iv from chironomus thummi thummi (ctt iv) exhibits an alkaline bohr-effect and therefore it is an allosteric protein. by substitution of the haem iron for cobalt the o2 half-saturation pressure, measured at 25 degrees c, increases 250-fold. the bohr-effect is not affected by the replacement of the central atom. the parameters of the bohr-effect of cobalt ctt iv for 25 degrees c are: inflection point of the bohr-effect curve at ph 7.1, number of bohr protons -- deltalog ... | 1982 | 6284268 |
| hypersensitivity to chironomids (non-biting midges): localization of the antigenic determinants within certain polypeptide sequences of hemoglobins (erythrocruorins) of chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). | | 1982 | 6172457 |
| proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the nature of solution conformational equilibria of monomeric insect deoxyhemoglobins. | the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the three monomeric deoxyhemoglobins of the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi have been recorded, assigned, and analyzed. in the two allosteric hemoglobins, the heme methyls and vinyl protons were assigned by specific deuterium labeling. the hyperfine-shifted proximal histidyl imidazole exchangeable protons for the three native and two deuteroheme-reconstituted hemoglobins were assigned by comparison of spectra in h2o and 2h2o. both native and ... | 1981 | 7284332 |
| isomeric incorporation of the haem into monomeric haemoglobins of chironomus thummi thummi. 2. the bohr effect of the component iii explained on a molecular basis and functional differences between the two isomeric structures. | the bohr effect in the monomeric haemoglobin component iii of chironomus thummi thummi is described on a molecular basis using various ph-dependent proton resonances. one of the three titratable histidines changes its pk from 7.9 in the unligated state to 7.7 upon ligation with co and up to 7.0 upon ligation with o2. it can be concluded from an analysis of the c-2 proton resonance intensities that these shifts in pk occur in only one of the two conformational isomers of the component iii, wherea ... | 1980 | 7408856 |
| isomeric incorporation of the haem into monomeric haemoglobins of chironomus thummi thummi. 1. isolation of chemically homogeneous haemoglobins. evidence for the isomerism of the haem in the component iii. | with high-resolution nmr spectroscopy it has been possible to detect various types of isomerisms in the monomeric component iii of the haemoglobins of chironomus thummi. in the component iii prepared from commercially available larvae of ch. thummi a chemical heterogeneity has been found to occur at the position e6 (ile or thr). the imidazole c-2 proton resonance of the adjacent his-e7 is split because of this alternative occupancy. from larvae of an inbreeding of the single subspecies chironomu ... | 1980 | 7408855 |
| isomeric incorporation of the haem into monomeric haemoglobins of chironomus thummi thummi 3. comparative study of components, i, iii and iv. | 13c-nmr studies on 13co complexes of the components iii and iv of the monomeric haemoglobins from the subspecies chironomus thummi thummi have been carried out in order to confirm the existence of two conformational isomers differing by the isomeric incorporation of the haem group and the extent of the bohr effect. in addition, the allosteric linkage between the ligand binding site and the bohr proton binding site in the component iv is described from investigations of various ph-dependent proto ... | 1980 | 7408841 |
| [hemoglobins. xxvi. analysis of the primary structure of the dimeric insect haemoglobin ctt viib (erythrocruorin) from chironomus thummi thummi, diptera]. | the dimeric haemoglobin ctt viib (erythrocruorin) of chironomus thummi thummi, diptera, has been sequenced. either globin or globin with maleic acid blocked lysines were cleaved with trypsin. the separation of peptides and the sequence analysis are given in detail. | 1979 | 422121 |
| the primary structure of one of the dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) components, ctt-x, of chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). | | 1979 | 761850 |
| [hemoglobins, xxv. hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) ctt iii from chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). primary structure and relationship to other heme proteins (author's transl)]. | the amino acid sequence analysis of hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) ctt iii from chironomus thummi th. (diptera) has been checked with automatic methods and completed. the protein chain consists of 136 amino acids and contains a neutral exchange isoleucine/threonine in position 57. the molecular weight of the heme protein (thr) is 15400. the primary structure gives the chemical basis for the refinement of the x-ray structure and the understanding of the mechanism of the bohr effect in this monomeric ... | 1979 | 761849 |
| hemoglobins, xxix. sequence analysis of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), ctt-x, of chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). | the amino acid sequences of one of the dimeric hemoglobin components, ctt-x, of chironomus thummi thummi (diptera) are given. the sequences were determined by automatic edman degradation of tryptic peptides and peptides obtained by specific chemical cleavages. ctt-x has two different polypeptide chains, each with 151 amino acid residues. the two polypeptide chains differ only in one amino acid. the sequences are discussed in the light of the sequences of other related heme-proteins. | 1979 | 497257 |
| [crystallisation of some insect hemoglobins from chironomus thummi thummi (diptera) (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 892709 |
| ligand-dependent bohr effect of chrionomus hemoglobins. | the o2 and co bohr effects of monomeric and dimeric hemoglobins of the insect chironomus thummi thummi were determined as proton releases upon ligation. for the o2 bohr effect of the monomeric hemoglobin iii a maximum value of 0.20 h+/heme was obtained at ph 7.5. upon ligation with co, however, only 0.04 h+/heme were released at the same ph. in agreement with this finding isoelectric focusing experiments revealed different isoelectric points for o2-liganded and co-liganded states of hemoglobin i ... | 1977 | 12977 |
| [ph-induced association-dissociation equilibria in various methemoglobin fractions of chironomus thummi thummi]. | | 1972 | 4674025 |
| [constitution of a hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) component from an insect (chironomus thummi thummi; diptera)]. | | 1969 | 5363662 |