| development of leucocytozoon caulleryi in chick embryos infected by biting of culicoides arakawae through shell membrane. | chick embryos were infected with leucocytozoon caulleryi by biting of the midge, culicoides arakawae, through the shell membrane. schizonts of l. caulleryi were detected in the chorioallantoic membrane and most of the internal organs of embryos and of chicks after hatching. the development of schizonts was slower in embryos than in chickens. soluble antigens of l. caulleryi were demonstrated by the precipitation test in the allantoic fluid and blood from the embryos and chicks. no erythrocytic s ... | 1978 | 99671 |
| [new species of biting midges (diptera, ceratopogonidae, culicoides) from kazakhstan]. | | 1976 | 134337 |
| [seasonal migration of the larvae of the blood sucking midge culicoides odibilis austen (diptera, ceratopogonidae)]. | | 1977 | 141596 |
| [autumn ecology of culicoides riethi (ceratopogonidae) in the kalmyk assr]. | the activity of imago, habitats of preimaginal stages, intensity of the autumn hatching of imago and the initial period of their hibernation were investigated in summer-autumn of 1975 in the kalmyk assr. the activity of winged insects in september was rather high, decreased in mid-october and ceased virtually by the beginning of november. the pupation and emergence of midges take place up to the second decade of october. iiid and ivth -instar larvae hibernate. | 1978 | 146181 |
| [the sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component ix, from chironomus thummi thummi (insecta diptera) (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of the dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) ctt-ix from the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (insecta diptera) is given. the sequence was determined automatically. the primary structure is compared with human alpha-chains. | 1979 | 160709 |
| possible windborne spread of bluetongue to portugal, june-july 1956. | the possible sources for the epidemic of bluetongue in portugal at the beginning of july 1956 were examined. introduction through authorized importation of domestic or wild ruminants was not feasible, since no cattle, sheep or goats were imported and the wild ruminants were confined to lisbon zoo, which was too far from the initial outbreaks. weather maps were examined to see if the wind could have carried infected culicoides midges from north africa. on 21 june 1956 infected midges in morocco c ... | 1978 | 212475 |
| possible origin of the bluetongue epidemic in cyprus, august 1977. | possible origins of an epidemic of bluetongue in cyprus in august 1977 have been analysed. first outbreaks occurred simultaneously in the south-east of the famagusta district and on the north coast of the kyrenia district respectively. although the epidemic was due to type 4, which had been responsible for the previous outbreak in 1969, no evidence of persistance of virus could be found. imports of domestic animals in the past year were not implicated since the imported cattle were introduced on ... | 1979 | 229164 |
| arboviruses isolated from culicoides midges in kenya. | | 1979 | 232109 |
| possible spread of african horse sickness on the wind. | analyses of outbreaks of african horse sickness showed that movement of infected culicoides midges on the wind was most likely responsible for the spread of the disease over the sea from morocco to spain in 1966, from turkey to cyprus in 1960, and from senegal to the cape verde islands in 1943. the pattern of spread of the epidemic in the middle east in 1960 could have been laid down by the infected midges carried on spells of south-east winds, and analyses of outbreaks in algeria in 1965 and in ... | 1977 | 269203 |
| [a study on the seasonal succession of bloodsucking midges (culicoides spp.) at nankang, taipei (diptera: ceratopogonidae) (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 270555 |
| widespread ige-mediated hypersensitivity in northern sudan to the chironomid cladotanytarsus lewisi ('green nimitti'). | hypersensitivity to chironomidae (non-biting midges) has been a problem in northern sudan since about 1927 and is probably due to the working of dams which have produced lake-like conditions on parts of the blue and main niles where breeding has evidently increased. studies were undertaken to determine whether this hypersensitivity is mediated by ige. sixteen sudanese, with bronchial asthma associated with exposure to the chironomid, cladotanytarsus lewisi ('green nimitti'), were investigated. a ... | 1978 | 373930 |
| [the primary structure of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin); component ctt vi of chironomus thummi thummi, diptera (author's transl)]. | the complete amino acid sequence of 147 residues was determined automatically for a major dimeric component (ctt vi) of the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (diptera). the molweight was found to be 32411. all tryptic, maleylated tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated. the handling of some large fragments was facilitated by maleylation and subsequent ion exchange chromatography. some details of the primary structure are discussed. the alignment of the amino acid sequence with th ... | 1979 | 500018 |
| repellency of selected compounds against two species of biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides). | | 1979 | 529269 |
| a method of feeding the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) on mammalian hosts. | | 1979 | 541810 |
| viruses isolated from culicoides midges in south africa during unsuccessful attempts to isolate bovine ephemeral fever virus. | five viruses, unrelated to bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv), were isolated from culicoides biting-midges collected during the summer months of the years 1968-69 and 1969-70 near a cattle herd in which cases of bef occurred and at an open horse stable at onderstepoort. these viruses were investigated by means of serological, electron-microscopical and physicochemical tests. it was established that 2 isolates, cul. 1/69 and cul. 2/69, were related to each other and belonged to the palyam subgro ... | 1979 | 551368 |
| development of dipetalonema gracile and d. caudispina to the infective stage in culicoides hollensis. | the microfilariae of 2 species of dipetalonema (i.e., d. gracile and d. caudispina), common parasites of south american monkeys, develop to the third (infective) stage in the biting midge, culicoides hollensis. development of both species occurs in the abdominal fat body; d. gracile requires 13 days and d. caudispina 9 days. despite similarities in the patterns of development of both species, the third-stage larvae of each is morphologically distinct. | 1979 | 571910 |
| [culicoides (avaritia) sanguisuga, a new species of biting midges for the fauna of the ussr]. | the occurrence in the ussr of c. (a.) sanguisuga coq., a species recorded earlier only from north america has been stated. the species seems to have a wide distribution throughout the ussr. the description and figures of females and males collected in the south of krasnojorsk territory are given. in the author's opinion the male of c. sanguisuga was repeatedly described in the soviet literature but under other names (c. obsoletus, c. seimi). morphological characters of females of four species of ... | 1977 | 593720 |
| an ultrastructural study of the larval integument of the midge, chironomus riparius meigen (diptera: chironomidae). | the larval integument of the midge, chironomus riparius mg., is unusually thin although it conforms with the normal insect pattern. the cuticle of the post-cephalic segments is about 3 micrometer thick and overlies an epidermis which has an irregular basal plasma membrane resulting in spaces occurring between it and the basement membrane. the ventral tubuli have a similar epidermis but the cuticle is somewhat thinner. the anal papillae have the thinnest cuticular covering with a uniquely folded ... | 1978 | 627023 |
| the ultrastructure of the non-neurosecretory components in the brain of the midge, chironomus riparious mg. (diptera: nematocera). | the ultrastruct of the neural sheath, glial cells and neurons in the brain of the neoimaginal male chironomus riparius is described. the neural sheath comprises a neural lamella and underlying perineurium. the neural lamella consists of an amorphous matrix in which fine fibrils occur. the perineurium is composed of two cell types forming a continuous layer around the brain. the subjacent cortical layer, composed of the cell bodies of neurons and glial cells, varies considerably in thickness and ... | 1978 | 630602 |
| new species of culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from colombia. | | 1978 | 633294 |
| antibodies to akabane virus in australia. | neutralising antibody to akabane virus was shown to develop in cattle in northern australia throughout the year and also on the east coast of new south wales in the summer during 1975/1976. other species found to have antibody to akabane virus were buffaloes, horses, camels and sheep, but no antibody was found in domestic chickens, ducks, wallabies or man. the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis has been detected in all the major areas where antibody was demonstrated in this study. | 1978 | 655964 |
| [systematic position of blood-sucking midges of the genus leptoconops (ceratopogonidae)]. | on the basis of literary and the author's own data an opinion is suggested that the genus leptoconops should be considered, as before, as the subfamily leptoconopinae of the family ceratopogonidae. the structure of the grooming organ of the hind tibia of leptoconops is in general the same as in culicoides. | 1978 | 673448 |
| evidence of resistance to metals in larvae of the midge chironomus tentans in a metal contaminated lake. | | 1978 | 719194 |
| development of tetrapetalonema marmosetae to the infective stage in culicoides hollensis and c. furens. | development of the microfilaria of tetrapetalonema marmosetae to the infective stage is described in 2 species of biting midges, culicoides furens and c. hollensis. development takes place in the thoracic muscles where the microfilaria requires 8 days to reach the third, or infective, stage. these observations suggest that species of culicoides are the probable natural vectors of t. marmosetae in enzootic areas and that possibly a wide range of midges will serve as suitable vectors for the paras ... | 1978 | 739292 |
| isolations of akabane virus from sentinel cattle and culicoides brevitarsis. | a total of 14 isolations of akabane virus were made from the blood of five cattle during sub-clinical infection. the serial isolation of this virus from four of these animals suggests a viraemia of at least 3 or 4 days. neutralising antibody to akabane virus in the serum of infected calves reached an initial peak titre of 32 to 256 four to five days after the viraemia but later uose further to a range of 64 to 512. three isolations of akabane virus were made from culicoides brevitarsis collected ... | 1978 | 753220 |
| [the sequence of a dimeric haemoglobin (component viib, chironomus thummi thummi, diptera) (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of the symmetric dimeric haemoglobin from type alpha2 component ctt viib from the larvae of chironomus thummi thummi is given. the sequence revealed the presence of at least two components differing in six positions. a comparison with human alpha-chains is discussed with respect to the primary structure, helices, and haem complex and haem contacts. | 1977 | 881165 |
| dependence of magneto-optical rotatory dispersion and magnetic circular dichroism of deoxy- and methemoglobin on their quaternary structure. | methods of magnetic optical activity, magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (mord) and magnetic circular dichroism (mcd), were shown to be sensitivie to the quaternary structure of deoxyhemoglobin. the isolated alpha and beta chains, the monomeric hemoglobins (leghemoglobin, fraction iii of chironomus thummi thummi hemoglobin) and hemoglobin in the r state (hemoglobin digested with carboxypeptidases a and b) exhibit in the visible region two mord minima of equal intensities. in native tetrameric h ... | 1976 | 952896 |
| microtubules and control of insect egg shape. | this study evidence for tension transmission by microtubules and desmosomes in the follicular epithelium during anisometric growth of certain insect eggs. most insect oocytes, and the follicles which surround them, grow anisometrically as they assume shapes which approximate to those of long prolate spheroids. surface growth is most rapid in directions which parallel the polar axis of an oocyte and slowest in circumferential directions at right angles to this axis. the longitudinal axes of micro ... | 1976 | 988029 |
| congenital bovine epizootic arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in australia. distribution of antibodies to akabane virus in australian cattle after the 1974 epizootic. | at the end of the 1974 epizootic of bovine congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in south-eastern new south wales, an australia-wide serological survey (about 4,000 serums) was made to determine the ditribution of cattle possessing serum neutralising antibodies against akabane virus. eighty per cent of the serums from cattle in northern australia (western australia, northern territory, and queensland) were positive. a detailed study in the epizootic area in new south wales (particularly ... | 1976 | 1016149 |
| [the sequence of a dimetric hemoglobin (component iibeta, chironomus thummi thummi, diptera) (author's transl)]. | the primary structure of the dimeric hemoglobin ctt 11beta from the insect larva chironomus thummi thummi (diptera) is given. the sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin is presented for the first time. some details of this primary structure are discussed and compared with human alpha-chains. the sequence was determined automatically. | 1976 | 1017802 |
| [shelters of blood-sucking midges (diptera, ceratopogonidae) culicoides leptoconops in the steppe zone of ukraine]. | | 1976 | 1025465 |
| [two species of blood-sucking midges of the genus culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae)]. | | 1975 | 1114024 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry 1910: v. the development of onchocerca cervicalis larvae in the vectors. | colonies of culicoides nubeculosus and c; variipennis were established at winches farm field station, st. abans. both species of midge were found to be susceptible to infection with onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. infection was achieved either by engorging through a chick skin membrane on a suspension of microfilariae in blood, or by feeding upon a horse naturally infected with o. cervicalis microfilariae. a large proportion of the microfilariae ingested by the midges penetrated into the ha ... | 1975 | 1127216 |
| [attacks of bloodsucking biting midges on birds in the forests of prikam'ia]. | 63 nests of 11 species of birds were examined in the mid-taiga forests of prikamje from 1971 to 1973. 710 specimens of midges were caught within this period. 8 species of midges attacked birds. of them the most abundant was culicoides cubitalis edw. (62.8%). rather numerous were c. sajanicus mirz. (14.9%) and c. reconditus c. et p.-c (11.9%). the other species were few in number or rare. in closed nests c. reconditus c. et p.-c. (42.1%) prevailed. one fourth of caught females were with blood (26 ... | 1975 | 1143930 |
| a mass attack by the biting midge culicoides nubeculosus (mg.) (dipteria, ceratopogonidae) on grazing cattle in denmark. a new aspect of sewage discharge. | a consequence of sewage discharge into a shallow marsh pool was large-scale hatching of the biting midge culicoides nubeculosus from the recipient and mass attacks by this blood-sucking insect on grazing cattle. culicoides nubeculosus is a great nuisance due to the painful bite and in denmark it is a potential vector of pathogenic agents. in the future, these aspects of sewage discharge must be borne in mind. | 1975 | 1161452 |
| the growth of african horse-sickness virus in embryonated hen eggs and the transmission of virus by culicoides variipennis coquillett (diptera, ceratopogonidae). | seven-day-old embryonated hen eggs were infected with african horse sickness virus by the yolk sac and intravenous routes. virus reached a high titre in the blood of infected embryos. culicoides variipennis midges which took a blood meal from infected eggs became infected with virus, and after 7 days at 26 degrees - 27 degrees c transmitted african horse sickness virus to uninfected eggs. c. variipennis may therefore be considered a biological vector of african horse sickness virus in the labora ... | 1975 | 1169930 |
| [the minimum effective dosages of repellents]. | method of thin-layer chromatography was used to estimate threshold dosages of diethytoluamide, benzoylhexamethylene, dihexamethylenecarbamide, diethilamide of phenoxyacetic acid and dimethylphthalate for repelling of mosquitoes (aedes hexodontus, aedes vexans, aedes caspius caspius), simuliids (simulium venustrum), midges (culicoides obsoletus) and sand-flies (phlebotomus papatsi). maximum sensitivity to all the preparations studied was shown by sand-flies (phlebotomus papatasi, and most sensiti ... | 1975 | 1190554 |
| [the flash-photolysis study of recombination of hemoproteins with carbon monoxide at low temperatures]. | the hemoproteins (sperm whale myoglobin, hemoglobin from larvae of chironomus thummi thummi, bovine hemoglobin) were studied in viscous solvents (saturated sucrose solution, glycerol and water-glycerol solutions) in the temperature range +50 divided by -100 degrees c. at low temperatures the three-phase kinetics of mb recombination with co was observed. the velocities of two "fast" reactions did not depend on ligand concentration. this fact indicates that they are due to a so called cage-effect. ... | 1975 | 1219383 |
| [photoperiodic induction of the diapause in the egg phase of the blood-sucking midge, culicoides pulicaris punctatus mg. (diptera, ceratopogonidae)]. | photoperiodic induction of diapause in c. p. punctatus was studied at a constant (25 degrees) and varying temperature (16 to 18 degrees). photosensitivity of females and eggs was established. the first and second generations of c. p. punctatus have a photoperiodic reaction of a long-day type. the effect of the light day and temperature on females of different generations is dissimilar. the tendency of diapause is higher in autumn females. | 1975 | 1221341 |
| a structural study of the anal papillae of the midge chironomus riparius meigen (diptera: chironomidae). | larvae of the midge, chironomus riparius mg., have four anal papillae arranged as two pairs, one dorsal to and the other ventral to the anus. structural study with light and electron microscopes has revealed that their integument consists of a thin cuticle overlaying a thick, syncytial epidermis which is specialised to facilitate ion transport. there is a distinct neck or collar region at the junction of each papilla with the rest of the body wall. although in many respects these structures rese ... | 1976 | 1253247 |
| analysis of antigenic determinants shared by two different allergens recognized by human t cells: house dust mite (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and chironomid midge (chironomus yoshimatsui). | to analyse the cross-reactivity of t-cell-mediated immunity between dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (dp) and chironomus yoshimatsui (cy), the most common allergens in japan, we established antigen-specific human t-cell lines and clones. some but not all of the cy-induced t-cell lines showed a significant proliferative response not only to cy, but also to dp. no t-cell line responded to other unrelated antigens. when we stimulated the dp-induced t-cell clones with cy, 3 of the 40 clones (7.5%) sho ... | 1992 | 1283062 |
| bluetongue virus infection in india: a review. | the history and epizootiology of bluetongue (bt) in india are reviewed. bt has become endemic in india. the first outbreak of bt in sheep and goats in the country was recorded in 1964 in maharashtra state. since then, several outbreaks of bt have been reported in sheep. exotic sheep are more susceptible than indigenous and cross-bred sheep. a serological survey has indicated the presence of bluetongue virus (btv) antibodies in cattle and buffalo in several states in india. however, clinical bt h ... | 1992 | 1335304 |
| specificity of molecular hybridization techniques for the detection of bluetongue virus serotypes in culicoides variipennis. | direct blot hybridization (dbh) and sandwich hybridization (sh) were evaluated for their ability to detect bluetongue virus (btv) rna in the biting midge culicoides variipennis (coquillett). probes were derived from the l3 rna segment of btv, serotype 17. rna of the five btv serotypes occurring in the usa (btv-2, btv-10, btv-11, btv-13, and btv-17) was extracted from pools of varying numbers of infected and uninfected biting midges and assayed by direct blot and sandwich hybridization tests. dir ... | 1992 | 1335548 |
| distribution of split 5.8s ribosomal rna in diptera. | although the 5.8s ribosomal rna (rrna) of most eucaryotes consists of 155-170 nucleotides, in two dipterous species the 5.8s rrna consists of two pieces, 123 and 30 nucleotides in length. the distribution of split 5.8s rrna was studied in other diptera and the most closely related order siphonaptera to learn the origin of split 5.8s rrna. four species of mosquitoes, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pipiens molestus, aedes albopictus, anopheles sp. (culicidae) had a single 5.8s rrna consisting of a ... | 1992 | 1343775 |
| epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities. | a total of 161 arthropod specimens were collected from 55 sites in a health care facility during july and september 1990. of the 116 bacterial isolates obtained from their body surfaces 6% were from parasites (mosquitoes), 59% from eusynanthropic arthropods (tenebrionid beetles, flies, german cockroaches, wasps), 16% from hemisynanthropic arthropods (ants, spiders) and 19% from occasionally encountered insects (non-biting midges, moths, beetles). most (88%) of the isolated bacteria were gram-neg ... | 1992 | 1350604 |
| aquatic hazard assessment of the organophosphate insecticide fonofos. | this study determined the acute and chronic toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide fonofos to standard freshwater aquatic organisms under laboratory conditions. fonofos was acutely toxic to bluegill (lepomis macrochirus), daphnia (d. magna), and midge (chironomous riparius) at 5.3, 2.7, and 39 micrograms/l, respectively. three fonofos formulations (technical, 94.8% a.i.; 20g, field granular 20% a.i.; and 4e, field liquid 4#/gal a.i.) exhibited similar acute toxicities to bluegill. exposure ... | 1992 | 1375017 |
| insect proteins homologous to mammalian high mobility group protein 1. characterization and dna-binding properties. | two chromosomal high mobility group (hmg) proteins from larvae of chironomus thummi (diptera) and from an epithelial cell line of chironomus tentans were purified to homogeneity and chemically characterized. cdna clones encoding these proteins were isolated from an expression library using an immunoscreening approach and were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences revealed their homology to hmg protein 1 of vertebrates. these insect proteins have therefore been designated chmg1a and chmg1b. ... | 1992 | 1512255 |
| afrotropical culicoides: c. (avaritia) loxodontis sp. nov., a new member of the imicola group (diptera: ceratopogonidae) associated with the african elephant in the kruger national park, south africa. | culicoides (avaritia) loxodontis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from both sexes collected in south africa. it is the 5th species of the imicola group of the subgenus avaritia to be described from the afrotropical region, and is presently known only from the kruger national park where it has been collected in light-traps and reared from the dung of the african elephant (loxodonta africana) on various occasions. a number of character states, and statistical analyses of antennal and palpal ... | 1992 | 1513595 |
| morphology of the antennae of two species of biting midge: culicoides impunctatus (goetghebuer) and culicoides nubeculosus (meigen) (diptera, ceratopogonidae). | scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the antennae of culicoides impunctatus and culicoides nubeculosus show that males and females share five sensillum types. sensilla chaetica resemble mechanoreceptors, each innervated by a single neurone whose dendrite terminates distally in a tubular body: the arrangement of sensilla on male antennae suggests that females are located by sound. the antennae have both sharp- and blunt-tipped sensilla trichodea, sharp-tipped sensilla on only the dist ... | 1992 | 1518067 |
| the isolation, characterization and cloning of a globin-like, host-protective antigen from the excretory-secretory products of trichostrongylus colubriformis. | an 18-kda component from the excretory-secretory (es) products of adults of trichostrongylus colubriformis was isolated and characterized, and was shown to induce 60-84% protection of guinea pigs from challenge infection following a single intraperitoneal injection. amino-terminal sequence analysis of gel-purified protein enabled oligonucleotides to be synthesized and used to screen a lambda gt10 cdna library made from young adult worm mrna, and to synthesize full-length clones from cdna using t ... | 1992 | 1542314 |
| chironomid midge allergy. | chironomidae larvae and midges cause allergic reactions in approximately 20 percent of exposed people; predominantly aquarists using insect larvae as fish food and environmentally exposed subjects living in areas abounding in water are affected. our studies include 642 subjects of whom 205 are aquarists; 85 are occupationally and 352 environmentally exposed people. 123 of them were shown to be sensitized to these insects. using highly purified allergens, we could demonstrate that chironomidae he ... | 1992 | 1567285 |
| spatial and seasonal distribution of potential vectors of hemorrhagic disease viruses to peninsular bighorn sheep in the santa rosa mountains of southern california. | blood-feeding midges (culicoides sp. and leptoconops sp.) were sampled in the santa rosa mountains, riverside county, california (usa), to determine which species might be involved in the transmission of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses to peninsular bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis cremnobates). host-seeking midges were sampled with co2-baited suction traps over a period of 30 mo. nineteen species of culicoides and seven of leptoconops were collected. five of the culicoides sp ... | 1992 | 1602570 |
| hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition with chuzan virus. | chuzan virus agglutinated erythrocytes of several species of animals including bovine. the hemagglutinating (ha) activity against bovine erythrocytes was dependent on nacl molarity and was expressed best at 0.6 m, but it was independent of ph and temperature. three strains of chuzan virus isolated from 2 cows and a pool of culicoides midges had indistinguishable ha antigenicity. all cattle infected with the virus developed high titers of hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody which changed in ... | 1991 | 1650596 |
| bluetongue in the sultanate of oman, a preliminary epidemiological study. | a group specific agar-gel immunodiffusion test was used to demonstrate that there is a frequent and widespread distribution of bluetongue virus throughout the sultanate of oman. the culicoides midges c. imicola and c. schultzei, both capable of transmitting bluetongue group viruses, were recorded throughout the year. although these studies did not establish that bluetongue is enzootic in oman, type-specific neutralizing antibody results supported previous evidence for the existence of a saudi ar ... | 1991 | 1652452 |
| [the significance of the structural characteristics of the agent for the problems of immunization against blue tongue]. | bluetongue virus (btv), an arthropod-borne virus, is transmitted primarily by biting midges of the genus culicoides. some insect species, which might serve as a potential vector, are prevalent in central europe. in sheep, bluetongue is acute and mortality is high, whereas in cattle, goats and most wild ruminants the infection is usually clinically inapparent. viremia is of short duration in sheep, but cattle experience a prolonged viremia and provide a reservoir for the dissemination of btv. at ... | 1991 | 1665600 |
| isolation of tahyna virus from biting midges (diptera, ceratopogonidae) in czecho-slovakia. | a total of 14,250 haematophagous biting midges (genus culicoides, diptera: ceratopogonidae) were collected in june 1986 in the mountains ceskomoravská vysocina (about 600 m above sea level); from these 2 strains of tahyna virus (serogroup california, bunyaviridae) were isolated. to our knowledge this is the first isolation of a california serogroup virus from the species of family ceratopogonidae as well as the first report of arbovirus isolation from biting midges in europe. | 1991 | 1683130 |
| histamine release from human basophils by the insect allergen chi t i. | hemoglobins of the diptera species chironomus thummi thummi (chi t i) are potent inhalant allergens. chi t i-specific histamine release was measured by a new radioimmunoassay in whole human blood taken from 20 sensitized patients, 11 exposed nonsensitized probands, and 11 nonexposed controls. the sensitized patients, who all had positive skin tests and radioallergosorbent test results with chi t i, showed a significantly higher histamine release than the two other groups. however, within the pat ... | 1990 | 1698722 |
| stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with chironomid hemoglobin allergen (chi t i). | hemoglobins (chi t i) of the dipteron species chironomus thummi thummi are known to cause severe allergic diseases in humans. we tested the allergen-specific stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) by chi t i and its nine main components. further, we applied fragments of the well-analyzed component iii, obtained by cleavage with trypsin as well as arginine protease. in this way, we screened the molecule in order to identify t-cell epitopes. the whole component was found to be imm ... | 1991 | 1718907 |
| refined solution structure and ligand-binding properties of pdc-109 domain b. a collagen-binding type ii domain. | we have determined, via 1h-n.m.r., the solution conformation of the collagen-binding b-domain of the bovine seminal fluid protein pdc-109 (pdc-109/b). the structure determination is based on 341 interproton distance estimates and 42 dihedral angle estimates: a set of 24 initial structures were computed; 12 using the variable target function program diana, and 12 using the metric matrix program disgeo. these structures were optimized by restrained energy minimization and dynamic simulated anneali ... | 1992 | 1731074 |
| role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms. | a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the role of the route of triphenyl phosphate (tpp) entry on its aquatic bioavailability and acute biological effects. three tpp treatments were used for exposures of fish and invertebrates. these consisted of tpp dosed directly into water with and without clean sediment and tpp spiked onto sediment prior to aqueous exposures. results of static acute toxicity tests (no sediment) were 0.78 mg/l (96-h lc50) for bluegill, 0.36 mg/l (48-h ec50) for midg ... | 1991 | 1759843 |
| effect of temperature on late immature stages of culicoides brevitarsis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | fourth-instar larvae of the biting midge, culicoides brevitarsis kieffer, were reared to adult in agar medium at temperatures of 20, 26, 30.5, 33, 35.5, 38 and 40 degrees c. optimum (greater than 80%) survival to adult occurred from 26 to 33 degrees c. temperatures outside this range disrupted development. above 35.5 degrees c, all immatures died before completing development. duration of development from fourth instar to adult was shortest at 30.5 degrees c (4.3 d). the estimated duration of de ... | 1991 | 1770526 |
| fate of bacillus sphaericus 2362 spores following ingestion by nontarget invertebrates. | elimination of bacillus sphaericus spores ingested by midge larvae, snails, and oysters was most rapid among midge larvae. spores remained in oysters up to 21 days and in snails up to 49 days. viable spores were recovered in snail and oyster feces for these same periods. there was no indication of actively growing b. sphaericus in the animals. passage through oyster gut detoxified the b. sphaericus mosquito larval toxin, but there was a 33% retention of toxicity following snail gut passage. midg ... | 1991 | 1787327 |
| the use of elisa for the detection of african horse sickness viruses in culicoides midges. | the use of elisa for the detection of african horse sickness viruses (ahsv) in midges preserved in 5.0% formalin was evaluated. no differences were detected by elisa when testing ahsv infected batches of culicoides midges collected in diluent with or without the addition of formalin. the elisa was considered highly sensitive and easily distinguished between non-infected midges and batches containing varying numbers of infected and non-infected midges. positive elisa reactions were detected with ... | 1991 | 1804852 |
| [the effectiveness of the repellents diethyltoluamide and phenylpropandiol in grazing primiparous cows]. | in practical farming conditions of an agricultural enterprise situated in south-east moravia, the repellents n,n'-diethyl-m-toluamide and 2-phenyl propanediol 1,3 were tested after their application to grazing first-calves of the bohemian pied breed. the experiment was conducted in july and august 1986 and it took 40 days. in the first experimental group, 2-phenyl propanediol 1,3 was applied and in the other group a 1:1 mixture of the repellents n,n'-diethyl-m-toluamide and 2-phenyl propanediol ... | 1991 | 1807023 |
| [blood-sucking biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae) from poland]. | further records of culicoides collected from new localities and regions are presented. c. vidourlensis (baltic coasts), c. abchazicus (ojców national park, babia góra mts) and c. jurensis (pieniny and babia góra mts) are for the first time recorded from the country. at present 48 species of the genus are known to occur in poland. | 1991 | 1823496 |
| epidemiology of bluetongue and related orbiviruses in the sultanate of oman. | sentinel herds at 34 farms were used to study the epidemiology of bluetongue and related orbiviruses in oman. the results indicate that bluetongue virus (btv) is widespread and is enzootic in northern oman. at least three btv serotypes (3, 4 and 22) were present at the time of the study. antibodies to epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (ehdv) type 2 and ehdv-318 were also detected but were less prevalent. entomological investigations identified the presence of 16 species of culicoides. ... | 1991 | 1847102 |
| [studies on the massive flights of chironomid midges (diptera: chironomidae) as nuisance insects and plans for their control in the lake suwa area, central japan. 1. occurrence of massive flights of tokunagayusurika akamusi]. | adult chironomidae (diptera, particularly chironomus plumosus and tokunagayusurika akamusi) emerging from eutrophic lakes or polluted bodies of water in japan have become intolerable because they pose a severe nuisance and cause economic problems. in the lake suwa area, massive flights of adult midges of t. akamusi have occurred frequently, and caused problems in the daily life of local residents or for the tourist business. the author tried to clarify the biological and hygienic problems involv ... | 1991 | 1890773 |
| [studies on the massive flights of chironomid midges (diptera: chironomidae) as nuisance insects and plans for their control in the lake suwa area, central japan. 3. some experimental trials for control of nuisance midges and proposed counterplans]. | in the present paper the author tried to forecast the massive emergence of adult tokunagayusurika akamusi midges from lake suwa. furthermore, several control measures for chironomids were examined. the results obtained are as follows: 1. the forecast for the emergence of adult midges from the lake. a survey of the chironomid larva population was carried out at three stations in the lake. t. akamusi emerged at about the tenth day after the decrease of the larval number and at this time the temper ... | 1991 | 1890775 |
| perspectives on management of pestiferous chironomidae (diptera), an emerging global problem. | in recent years, adult chironomidae emerging from some urban natural or man-made habitats have increasingly posed a variety of nuisance and economic problems, and in some situations medical problems to humans in different parts of the world. although there are an estimated 4,000 or more species of chironomid midges worldwide, less than 100 species have been reported to be pestiferous. among midge control methods, numerous laboratory and field studies have been conducted on the use of organochlor ... | 1991 | 1895084 |
| bluetongue epidemiology in the caribbean region: serological and entomological evidence from a pilot study in barbados. | variation in the percentage of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in barbados. transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. the agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species: culicoides insignis lutz, c. pusillus lutz, c. phlebotomus (williston), c. f ... | 1990 | 1966778 |
| absence of transovarial transmission of bluetongue virus in culicoides variipennis: immunogold labelling of bluetongue virus antigen in developing oocytes from culicoides variipennis (coquillett). | 1. culicoides variipennis midges were fed on a blood meal containing bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 11 (btv-11) and on four subsequent non-infective blood meals at 4-day intervals. 2. eggs were collected before each blood-feeding and reared to adults. 3. progeny from each egg batch were incubated for 14 days (20 degrees c, 40-60% rh) before plaque assay. 4. oocytes from several parent flies were sectioned for immunoelectron microscopy. 5. thirty-two percent of the parent females tested by plaqu ... | 1990 | 1975536 |
| field studies on the potential of butanone, carbon dioxide, honey extract, 1-octen-3-ol, l-lactic acid and phenols as attractants for mosquitoes. | various combinations of six candidate attractants--butanone, carbon dioxide (co2), honey, octenol, lactic acid and mixed phenols--were tested against natural populations of mosquitoes in everglades national park, florida, u.s.a., using unlighted cdc-baited traps. with few exceptions, the attractancy of these candidate compounds to mosquitoes, when used alone, was less than that of co2 alone. the exceptions were that octenol and honey extract alone attracted larger numbers of coquillettidia pertu ... | 1990 | 1983456 |
| a rna virus in cells from culicoides variipennis. | a virus was detected in cells (designated cuva) cultured from one laboratory colony of the biting midge, culicoides variipennis. by electron microscopy (30 nm), nonenveloped, icosahedral virions arranged separately and in crystalline matrix arrays were seen in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of cuva cells. separation by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed multiple bands of viral-induced double-stranded rna. inoculation of this virus onto different cell lines and intracranially i ... | 1991 | 2022869 |
| microbial larvicides for the control of nuisance aquatic midges (diptera: chironomidae) inhabiting mesocosms and man-made lakes in california. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus were evaluated for chironomid larvicidal activity in freshwater mesocosms. of two b.t.i. formulations, the technical powder abg-6164 provided excellent control of chironomines (94%) at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha whereas the liquid concentrate, vectobac 6 as, achieved only moderate control (57%) at the rate of 22.4 kg/ha. in contrast, similar rates of b. sphaericus products, abg-6184 technical powder and bsp-2 flowable concentrate, pr ... | 1991 | 2045809 |
| repellency of two deet formulations and avon skin-so-soft against biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in honduras. | two u.s. military issue deet repellent formulations (75% deet liquid and 33% deet lotion) and avon skin-so-soft were tested against ceratopogonid midges under field conditions in honduras. test subjects were u.s. military personnel deployed to honduras for training. culicoides furens accounted for 96.3% of all midges collected. the liquid and lotion formulations of deet and avon skin-so-soft provided 97.9, 95.9 and 71.4% protection, respectively, compared with the untreated control. both deet fo ... | 1991 | 2045813 |
| culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) of kenya. | the 55 known culicoides species of kenya, including the adult females of 52 species and the adult males of 46 species, are described. new taxa described for kenya include c. isechnoensis n. sp. (subgenus meijerehelea), c. karenensis n. sp. (similis group), and c. nairobiensis n. sp. (inornatipennis group). three new species of the c. schultzei group are left unnamed. the kenyan fauna is arranged in five recognized subgenera (10 species), eight species groups (36 species), and nine unplaced speci ... | 1990 | 2093769 |
| fine structure and sporogonic development of a vavraia sp. (microsporida: pleistophoridae) in the biting midge culicoides edeni (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | a microsporidium with ultrastructural characteristics of the genus vavraia was found in the fat body of an adult specimen of culicoides edeni (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected in northern florida. the sporogonial stages developed within sporophorous vesicles, which contained variable numbers of oval spores at maturity. the wall of the sporophorous vesicle was composed of two electron-dense outer layers and an electron-lucent intermediate layer. sporonts contained haplokaryotic nuclei and divi ... | 1990 | 2105355 |
| effect of sediment contact and uptake mechanisms on accumulation of three chlorinated hydrocarbons in the midge, chironomus riparius. | | 1990 | 2111718 |
| aneuploid and polyploid cellular dna heterogeneity in insect cell material of diptera species analyzed by flow cytometry. | flow cytometric 1-parameter dna analysis and 2-parameter dna/protein analysis have been performed with cell material of the diptera species chironomus thummi, drosophila melanogaster, calliphora vicina and musca domestica using an impulse cytophotometer with a new quartz objective, that was especially manufactured for cytofluorometric investigations. the occurrence of heterogenous cell populations with aneuploid and polyploid dna content within the cell material of different developmental stages ... | 1990 | 2127179 |
| habitats of culicoides spp. in an intertidal zone of southeast queensland, australia. | the distribution of immature culicoides latreille (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in the intertidal zone was investigated at redland bay near brisbane, southeast queensland. the aims of this study were to determine the distribution of culicoides immatures and to identify environmental factors influencing these distributions. light trapping of adult midges indicated that c.subimmaculatus lee & reye, c.marmoratus (skuse), c.longior hagan & reye, c.henryi lee & reye, c.cordiger macfie, may have been bre ... | 1990 | 2132964 |
| equine culicoides hypersensitivity in florida: biting midges aspirated from horses. | nine species of culicoides were aspirated from horses in florida during the second phase of a study of equine culicoides hypersensitivity (chs). approximately 90% of the 2933 midges were culicoides insignis lutz, 4% were c.stellifer (coquillett), 3% were c.niger root and hoffman, 2% were c.alachua jamnback and wirth and the remaining 1% included c.venustus hoffman, c.scanloni wirth and hubert, c.lahillei iches (= c.debilipalpis lutz), c.pusillus lutz, and c.edeni wirth and blanton. culicoides we ... | 1990 | 2133005 |
| allergen-directed expression of fc receptors for ige (cd23) on human t lymphocytes is modulated by interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma. | t lymphocytes bearing fc receptors (fcr) for immunoglobulins are known to have immunoglobulin class-specific regulatory functions. here we report that expression on t cells of the low-affinity fcr for ige (fc epsilon rii/cd23) is preferentially induced by stimulation with antigens that cause an ige response. t cells from eight patients allergic to the hemoglobin of chironomus thummi thummi mosquito larvae (chit i) were analyzed for reactivity with the anti-fcerii/cd23 monoclonal antibody (mab) m ... | 1990 | 2142456 |
| genetic variation in laboratory and field populations of the vector of bluetongue virus, culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | laboratory colonies and several natural populations of the biting midge culicoides variipennis (coquillett) were analyzed for genetic variation at 21 electrophoretic loci. the laboratory colonies maintained high levels of genetic variation measured by average expected heterozygosities (he = 0.142 +/- 0.008), although levels were lower than those observed in field collections (he = 0.198 +/- 0.009). a field population from colorado, analyzed five times over a 1-yr period, showed a consistent tren ... | 1990 | 2153832 |
| the replication of bluetongue virus in culicoides vectors. | btv is maintained in nature by an endless series of alternating cycles of replication in culicoides midges and various mammalian ruminant species. experimentation has shown that the ability of the virus to infect culicoides persistently and be transmitted by them is restricted to a relatively small number of species. in essence, therefore, the world distribution map of btv is little more than a distribution map of competent insect vectors. once ingested by a competent vector, btv attaches to the ... | 1990 | 2166644 |
| isolation of arboviruses from culicoides midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in colorado during an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis new jersey. | an arbovirus survey was conducted in colorado and utah during an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis new jersey (vsnj) that occurred in the western united states in 1982-1983. from 120,422 insect specimens assayed, 106 viruses were isolated. four were rhabdoviruses (vsnj), three were orbiviruses (bluetongue serotype-11), 92 were bunyamwera group (65 main drain and 27 lokern), and seven were simbu group (buttonwillow) bunyaviruses. culicoides spp. accounted for 105 viral isolates (c. (selfia) spp., ... | 1990 | 2167371 |
| detection of bluetongue virus serotype 17 in culicoides variipennis by nucleic acid blot and sandwich hybridization techniques. | molecular hybridization techniques were developed for the detection and surveillance of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17 in the insect vector culicoides variipennis, a biting midge. radiolabeled rna and cdna probes were generated from sequences of the l3 segment of btv serotype 17. these probes were used to detect btv rna in pools of infected c. variipennis by hybridizing the probes directly to analyte immobilized on nylon membranes or by using a nucleic acid sandwich hybridization test. hybri ... | 1990 | 2172294 |
| further studies on bluetongue and bluetongue-related orbiviruses in the sudan. | the seasonal incidence of bluetongue virus (btv) in central sudan is related primarily to fluctuations in the prevalence of the vector, culicoides imicola. population densities of this midge begin to rise with the onset of precipitation and peak during october, before falling sharply at the end of the rainy season in november. these are also the months of btv transmission. populations of c. schultzei, the commonest midge in central sudan, are also related to the rainy season but this species doe ... | 1990 | 2174372 |
| culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) associated with cattle in st. croix, virgin islands, and their relevance to bluetongue virus. | potential biting midge vectors were collected at two sites on st. croix as part of an ongoing study on the epidemiology of bluetongue viruses in the caribbean region. six species of culicoides were trapped in a new jersey light trap (mean = 173 biting midges/trap night) near cattle on a dairy farm. c. furens (poey) and c. insignis lutz were the predominant phototactic species, and c. pusillus lutz, c. trilineatus fox, c. jamaicensis edwards, and c. phlebotomus (williston) were collected less fre ... | 1990 | 2177791 |
| isolation of tete serogroup bunyaviruses from ceratopogonidae collected in colorado. | two viruses were isolated from ceratopogonid midges collected in northern colorado. electron microscopy indicated that both isolates were bunyavirus-like. indirect fluorescent antibody and serum dilution-plaque reduction neutralization tests showed that these isolates were members of the tete serogroup, most closely related antigenically to tete and batama viruses but distinguishable from both and from each other. we suggest the name weldona virus for these isolates. antibody in both waterfowl a ... | 1990 | 2221226 |
| [nationwide intradermal test with chironomid midge extract in asthmatic children in japan]. | chironomidea (insecta) is recently considered one of the most common inhalant antigen in japan. intradermal tests with chironomus plumosus (cp) extract were undertaken on seven hundred and eighteen asthmatic children aged from 6 to 15 years in 10 areas (11 medical institutions) in japan. the number of cases who showed positive intradermal tests with cp extract was 200 (27.9%) and the positive rate increased in proportion to their age (p less than 0.005). in each of the 11 medical institutions th ... | 1990 | 2241583 |
| a tissue-specific puff (balbiani ring a) in chironomus thummi may contain a gene encoding a 67-kda protein which exhibits non-tissue-specific expression. | a 2.3-kb genomic clone has been isolated from the region where the tissue-specific puff, balbiani ring a (bra), is found on chromosome iv of the special lobe of chironomus thummi salivary gland cells. the clone was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. two clusters of direct tandem repeats were identified, as well as large and small open reading frames (orfs). the large orf was fused to an escherichia coli lacz gene. antibodies against the beta-galactosidase/orf fusion protein reacted s ... | 1990 | 2269433 |
| developmental change of chironomid allergen during metamorphosis. | the development of allergen during metamorphosis of chironomids, chironomus yoshimatsui and tokunagayusurika akamusi, was studied by means of elisa inhibition with pooled serum containing high titer of specific ige to each adult midge. extracts of c. yoshimatsui larvae and pupae did not inhibit the specific ige antibody to adult c. yoshimatsui. mature adult c. yoshimatsui extract had about 10 times more inhibitory substance than the young adult. hemoglobin, however, was degraded during the metam ... | 1990 | 2316821 |
| host-seeking behavior and seasonal abundance of culicoides paraensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in brazil. | the ecology of culicoides paraensis was studied with human bait collections at an agricultural research station near belém and within 2 neighborhoods of belém, brazil, from 1977 to 1978. from collections conducted along transects that were centered on a house, we found most dense populations of host-seeking midges within and near the house. host-seeking activity was least in areas fully exposed to sunlight compared to the levels of activity indoors and in shaded areas outside. numbers of flies b ... | 1990 | 2324715 |
| seasonal changes of larval food and feeding of chironomus crassicaudatus (diptera: chironomidae) in a subtropical lake. | the food of chironomus crassicaudatus midge larvae in lake monroe, central florida, was investigated from may 1981 to april 1982. gut contents of larvae collected monthly from 16 stations in the lake were analyzed. quantitative samples of water collected monthly at the mud-water interface at each station were analyzed for the larval food composition in the water. the larvae fed primarily on cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). blue-green algae were predominant in the water as well as in the larval ... | 1990 | 2324728 |
| immunogenicity and allergenicity of culicoides imicola (diptera: ceratopogonidae) extracts. | summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (ssrd) or "sweet itch" is a seasonally occurring allergic dermatitis of horses provoked by biting midges. the allergic skin reactions have been attributed to allergens present in various culicoides species. c. imicola is the suspected etiological agent of ssrd in israel. whole body extracts of this midge induced hypersensitivity reactions upon injection into susceptible horses and in this study attempts were made to define components of c. imicola which have ... | 1990 | 2346072 |
| [blood-sucking biting midges (ceratopogonidae) in north central siberia]. | 6000 adult punkies were collected from man and animals over a period of 15 years in the taimyr and evenki autonomous okrugs of krasnoyarsk territory. four species culicoides chiopterus, c. pulicaris, c. fascipennis, c. alatavicus are reported from tundra and forest-tundra of taimyr (68 degrees 00'-73 degrees 13' n). punkies of the above species are small in number and do not occur all over the region. in northern and middle taiga of evenkia (60 degrees 20'-65 degrees 45' n) punkies are very abun ... | 1990 | 2349002 |
| distribution of microfilariae of onchocerca lienalis and onchocerca gutturosa in the skin of cattle in germany and their development in simulium ornatum and culicoides nubeculosus following artificial infestation. | onchocerca microfilariae were isolated form the umbilicus and neck of 438 cow hides at the abattoir in tübingen, f.r.g. the overall onchocerca infection rate was 40.4%. the presence of onchocerca lienalis and o. gutturosa microfilariae, which are difficult to distinguish by morphological criteria, was retrospectively demonstrated after artifically infesting simulium ornatum and culicoides nubeculosus and identifying the infective larvae recovered. nine of 16 samples of umbilical microfilariae fe ... | 1990 | 2399652 |
| evidence for haemoglobins as common allergenic determinants in ige-mediated hypersensitivity to chironomids (non-biting midges). | chironomids (non-biting midges) are known to cause ige-mediated hypersensitivity in man. this study compares the cross-reactivity between the chironomid midge cladotanytarsus lewisi ('green nimitti'), a widespread cause of allergy in the sudan and chironomus riparius (= thummi, ctt) where larvae are used as pet fish food and where haemoglobins were previously shown to be major allergens. as with c. riparius, immature forms of c. lewisi also contain allergenic material since skin test responses t ... | 1985 | 2411447 |
| effects of ph on the toxicity and uptake of [14c]lindane in the midge, chironomus riparius. | the toxicity of the insecticide, lindane, was measured in the midge, chironomus riparius, at ph 4, 6, and 8 with the finding that lindane is significantly more toxic at ph 6 than at ph 4 and 8. the higher toxicity of lindane at ph 6 is a product of two factors. first the penetration of the compound into the midge is lower at ph 4 than at ph 6 and 8. second, a greater percentage of total radioactivity is contributed by parent compound at ph 6. | 1985 | 2417806 |
| epitope mapping of major insect allergens (chironomid hemoglobins) with monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (m abs) were raised against the physically and chemically well-defined insect allergen, component ctt iii from chironomus thummi thummi (ctt) hemoglobin. with these m abs, we observed epitopes present in as many different hemoglobin (hb) molecules from the widespread insect family chironomidae as possible. these hbs were identified as important allergens in previous studies. twenty m abs from seven different clones were tested for specificity against the ctt hbs iii, iiia, ... | 1987 | 2447145 |