| the degradation of the cuticle proteins of greater wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella) by toxic proteolytic enzymes, secreted by the entomophagous fungus beauveria bassiana (author's transl). | | 1976 | 8934 |
| purification of free polyhedrosis virus infecting galleria mellonella l. | free galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus was purified 4000--4500 times by tween-80 treatment and repeated sucrose density gradient centrifugation, based on the ratio of infectivity to protein content as compared to the starting virus-containing suspension. | 1977 | 17285 |
| proteins of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin crystals. | pure crystals (at least 99% purification) of sigma-endotoxin were isolated from bac. thuringiensis var. galleriae. the complete dissolution of crystals might be achieved by the increase of ph up to 12 and higher or by a combined action of s = s-reducing and denaturing agents. electrophoresis of the solubilized crystal proteins in 5% polyacrylamide gels containing 0,1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 8 m urea reveals two major bands corresponding to molecular weights of 120000--140000 (65%) and 65000 ... | 1977 | 21000 |
| gut flora of galleria mellonella suppressing ingested bacteria. | | 1979 | 119813 |
| [studies on the activation of humoral defense factors against bacteria in larvae of the wax moth galleria mellonella l]. | the change of lysozyme activity in the hemolymph of the wax moth larvae caused by vaccination is influenced by the size and the dose of the injected particles. the rate of incorporation of those particles into phagocytes has no effect on this process. the change of lysozyme activity correlats negatively with the amount of granulocytes after vaccination. there were no correlations with the amount of other types of the hemocytes, neither with the resistance of the larvae against pseudomonas aerugi ... | 1977 | 410207 |
| phagocytosis-stimulating mediators in insects. | the ability of insect blood cells to ingest all kinds of synthetic particles and also a wide range of microorganisms in a very short time after injection has up to now been regarded as a phagocytic function without any humoral mediators. in a phagocytosis model with latex beads and nonhagocytosable cells of bacillus thuringiensis subtoxicus, we are able to demonstrate the existence of lymphokine-like factors, which intervene in cellular defence reactions of insect. the following results were obt ... | 1979 | 543373 |
| morphogenesis of the nodamura virus in the larbae of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella (l.). | the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of the nodamura virus, an insect picorna- virus which can also infect vertebrates such as newborn mice, are described in the larvae of g. mellonella. examination of thin sections of muscle, salivary and moulting glands, hemocytes adipose tissue and hypodermis of the infected larvae of g. mellonella shows in the cytoplasm the accumulation of viral particles either dispersed or in a stringlike or paracrystalline array. these arrays of virions can be within membra ... | 1978 | 626593 |
| [virus disease complexes: transmissible pathological entities in invertebrates]. | virus disease complexes of galleria mellonella l. due respectively to a parvovirus with a baculovirus and a parovirus with an iridovirus have been transmitted to healthy larvae by ingestion of corpses of larvae affected by these disease complexes. the histological and cytological injuries observed are identical to those noted during the study of the initial complexes. | 1975 | 807417 |
| [occurrence and function of a proteinase inhibitor in the hemolymph of insects]. | the presence of proteinase inhibitor has been proved in the hemolymph of a number of insect species from seven different insect orders. the amount of proteinase inhibitor in the hemolymph significantly increases after injection of inactivated bacteria into the hemocoelom of galleria mellonella-larvae. moreover the larvae show an increased resistance against normally lethal concentrations of trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase p and extracellular proteinase produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa. it is di ... | 1975 | 811027 |
| the pathogenicity of rough strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa for galleria mellonella. | rough mutants of two strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa have been isolated by selection for resistance to virulent lipopolysaccharide-specific phages. the rough mutants fell into two classes on the basis of colonial morphology and agglutination by acriflavine and nacl. the pigment and exoenzyme-synthesizing properties of these derivatives were identical with those of the parental cultures. the rough strains were 8- to 62-fold less pathogenic for the larvae of the wax moth (galleria mellonella) th ... | 1975 | 814978 |
| effect of cobra venom factor on the in vivo immune response in galleria mellonella to pseudomonas aeruginosa. | | 1976 | 815440 |
| [host range of drosophila melanogaster c virus among diptera and lepidoptera (author's transl)]. | the host range of the c picornavirus of drosophila melanogaster was studied, using numerous strains of drosophila together with four other genera of diptera and two species of lepidoptera. c virus was injected into the different hosts and serially passaged in them. the extracts from each passage were biologically assayed on virus free d. melanogaster. four different situations were found. 1) a high level of multiplication leading, in 45 strains of drosophilidae, to the early death of the hosts. ... | 1976 | 823856 |
| the multiplication of nodamura virus in insect and mammalian cell cultures. | nodamura virus multiplied in mosquito cell lines, as determined by infectivivity assays in adult honey bees (apis mellifera) and wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella). titres of more than 10-7 and 10-5 bee ld50 /ml were obtained in culture fluids of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti cells respectively after 10 days. comparable titres were obtained after several months, during which the cultures were subdivided up to six times. nodamura virus also multiplied in bhk cells and yielded titres of 10 ... | 1975 | 1168239 |
| effect of heat-killed cells of achromobacter nematophilus poinar et thomas, and the fraction (endotoxin) isolated from them on galleria mellonella l. caterpillars. | | 1975 | 1192248 |
| induction of immunity by latex beads and by hemolymph transfer in galleria mellonella. | injection of sterile latex beads into the hemocoel of last instar larvae of galleria mellonella provoked a strong defense reaction. cellular defense by hemocytes was followed by enhanced antibacterial activity in hemolymph. latex-injected insects showed increased survival rates after a challenge injection with high doses of bacteria. factors which stimulate the production of antibacterial activity could be demonstrated soon after injection by transfer of hemolymph from preinjected to untreated l ... | 1991 | 1773849 |
| cane sugar factor as an inducing agent of immunity in galleria mellonella. | the injection of cane sugar factor (csf) into galleria mellonella larvae results in an immune response similar to that produced by a formalized pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine. vaccination with csf is followed by: an increase in the ld50 of pseudomonas aeruginosa; an in vivo protective response to p. aeruginosa the development of which can be inhibited by cobra venom factor (cvf); an antibacterial activity in hemolymph 24 h after the injection of csf; the development of a transferrable immune res ... | 1990 | 2128279 |
| expression of densonucleosis virus gmdnv in galleria mellonella larvae: size analysis and in vitro translation of viral transcription products. | the rna of densonucleosis virus type 1 (gmdnv), isolated from gmdnv-infected galleria mellonella larvae, was shown by northern blotting to contain five polyadenylated, viral-specific rna species with sizes of 1.8, 2.4, 3.5, 4.0, and 5.0 kb. poly(a)-containing rna from whole larvae and hybrid-selected viral rna were translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and the translation products were coelectrophoresed with proteins extracted from cscl-purified virus. all four virion-associated prot ... | 1990 | 2273284 |
| plasmid transfer between strains of bacillus thuringiensis infecting galleria mellonella and spodoptera littoralis. | to determine the possibility of plasmid transfer occurring between strains of bacillus thuringiensis in infected lepidopterous larvae, galleria mellonella and spodoptera littoralis were infected with two or more strains of b. thuringiensis and the resulting bacteria from the dead insects were examined for plasmid transfer. transfer rates of plasmids coding for crystal production and tetracycline resistance were high, reaching levels similar to those obtained in laboratory broth cultures. transfe ... | 1990 | 2383006 |
| effects of selected carbohydrates and the contribution of the prophenoloxidase cascade system to the adhesion of strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis to hemocytes of nonimmune larval galleria mellonella. | the adhesion of strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis to the plasmatocytes and granular cells of nonimmune larval galleria mellonella was influenced by and varied with the type of carbohydrate. laminarin enhanced prophenoloxidase activation and bacterial adhesion to the hemocytes whereas sucrose suppressed both activities. for all other sugars there was no correlation between bacterial adhesion to the hemocytes and phenoloxidase activity. it is proposed that bacterial adhesion ... | 1989 | 2501016 |
| the hemolytic activity of galleria mellonella hemolymph. | a hemolytic activity was identified in the hemolymph of normal and immune galleria mellonella larvae. the hemolysin was active against sheep, human, guinea pig, and rabbit erythrocytes. hemolysis occurred in the presence of 0.04m edta. vaccination of the larvae with formalized pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the hemolytic activity. the increase, and subsequent decline of this activity paralleled the pattern of induced in vivo antibacterial activity that is characteristic of the insect's immune ... | 1989 | 2506085 |
| transposon-mediated mutagenesis of a baculovirus. | spontaneous mutants of insect nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of autographa californica (acmnpv) and galleria mellonella (gmmnpv) were analyzed. these mutants produce few polyhedra in infected cells and have insertions of host cell dna. all the insertions mapped to two adjacent sites in the genome. the junctions between two host insertions and the viral dna were sequenced. one of the insertions contained a perfect 7-bp inverted terminal repeat, and had caused a direct duplication of 4 bp of viral d ... | 1985 | 2992159 |
| [transposition and reversion of mutations induced in drosophila by viral dna]. | injection of solutions of highly polymerized dna isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus of galleria mellonella into adult males induced with a considerable frequency visible mutations, two of which were studied in detail. they were detected in about 30 000 flies in the progeny of treated males. much less than notched-wings much greater than (ndw, chromosome 3, location 87.9, dominant) independently arose 12 times, much less than thickened-veins much greater than (thi, chromosome 2, location 71 ... | 1986 | 3006304 |
| a cobra venom factor (cvf)-induced c3 convertase activity in the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. | a cobra venom factor (cvf)-induced c3 convertase has been generated from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. cvf was immobilized on sepharose 4b and treated with cell-free hemolymph obtained from either unvaccinated g. mellonella larvae or larvae immunized with formalized pseudomonas aeruginosa. the c3-cleaving activity was detected by the ability to cleave the alpha-chain of bovine c3 in a manner analogous to the cvf-induced mammalian c3 convertase, cvf,bb. the insect-derived c3 convertase fo ... | 1987 | 3647909 |
| the mechanism of pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa. v. isolation and properties of the proteinases toxic for larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella l. | | 1968 | 4300545 |
| further characterization of an alkaline protease activity associated with iridescent virus type 6. brief report. | iridescent virus type 6 infecting galleria mellonella larvae contained an associated alkaline protease activity which appeared to be tightly bound to the virions and essentially localized on the outside of the viral particle. under alkaline conditions the virus was degraded by proteolytic cleavage of viral envelope proteins. proteolytic activity was not present in virus propagated in a permissive insect cell line or when purified from isolated larval fat-bodies instead from whole larvae. the res ... | 1986 | 3511892 |
| antibiotic properties of bacillus subtilis strain no. 53 isolated from the intestinal flora of galleria mellonella l. larvae. | | 1973 | 4633785 |
| synthesis and binding affinity of an iodinated juvenile hormone. | the synthesis of the first iodinated juvenile hormone (jh) in enantiomerically enriched form is reported. this chiral compound, 12-iodo-jh i, has an iodine atom replacing a methyl group of the natural insect juvenile hormone, jh i, which is important in regulating morphogenesis and reproduction in the lepidoptera. the unlabeled compound shows approximately 10% of the relative binding affinity for the larval hemolymph jh binding protein (jhbp) of manduca sexta, which specifically binds natural 3h ... | 1988 | 3335551 |
| comparisons of host cell dna insertions and altered transcription at the site of insertions in few polyhedra bacilovirus mutants. | few polyhedgra (fp) mutants of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and the closely related strain galleria mellonella (gm)npv have been reported which contain trichoplusia ni host cell dna sequences inserted into the viral genome between map units 35.0 and 37.7. new fp mutants are described with alterations of the hindiii-i restriction enzyme fragment (33.8 to 37.7 map units) of acnpv, either deletions of viral dna sequences or insertions of spodoptera frugiperda host cell ... | 1988 | 2829419 |
| the fate of exotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis in galleria mellonella caterpillars. | | 1974 | 4825257 |
| identification and distribution of a proctolin-like neuropeptide in the nervous system of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, and in other lepidoptera. | although the neuropeptide proctolin has important functions in many arthropods, it is reported to be absent in lepidoptera. its possible occurrence in these insects was reinvestigated by bioassays of hplc fractions and immunocytochemistry. a proctolin-like substance was recovered from the frontal and subesophageal ganglia of lymantria dispar. this substance has the same chromatographic retention time as proctolin; enzymatic degradation indicates that it is a peptide; it is bound by proctolin ant ... | 1989 | 2732362 |
| adherence patterns and virulence for galleria mellonella larvae of isolates of serratia marcescens. | | 1990 | 2405061 |
| inhibition by inorganic anions of glutathione s-transferases from insect and mammalian sources. | glutathione s-transferases 1-1, 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4 from rat liver and the major glutathione s-transferase from the wax moth (galleria mellonella) are all inhibited by several simple inorganic anions. for each of 3-3, 3-4 and the insect enzyme, the order of inhibitory potency was clo4- greater than or equal to scn- greater than i- greater than no3- greater than br-. a more limited range of anions was tested on the isoenzymes 1-1 and 4-4, but the same trend was apparent. values for ki ranged from ab ... | 1991 | 1883329 |
| the mechanism of pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa. vi. the toxicity of preteinases for larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella l. | | 1968 | 4971336 |
| endotoxins from several bacterial species as immunizing agents against pseudomonas aeruginosa in galleria mellonella. | | 1969 | 4980474 |
| [serologic comparison of drosophila melanogaster virus p and galleria mellonella densonucleosis virus]. | | 1970 | 4985243 |
| the mechanism of pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa. 8. isolation of hemolymph proteins from galleria mellonella larvae and their digestibility by the toxic protease. | | 1971 | 4995868 |
| toxicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterins and cell walls to the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | | 1971 | 4995869 |
| an assessment of the ability of individual moieties of pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin to induce immunity in larvae of galleria mellonella. | | 1971 | 4995870 |
| effects of immunization on the ld50 of two pathogens of galleria mellonella. | | 1971 | 4999156 |
| changes in the ultrastructure of the haemolymph cells of galleria mellonella l. under the influence of nematodes neoaplectana carpocapsae weiser. | | 1972 | 5062226 |
| a transfer membrane method for in situ detection and quantification of trehalase. | a method for the detection and quantification of trehalase activity (ec 3.2.1.28) by immobilization to a membrane support has been developed. protein samples partly enriched for porcine and galleria mellonella wax moth larvae trehalase activities were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by electrophoretic transfer to pvdf membranes, and incubated in a solution containing trehalose (20 mg/ml), glucose oxidase (40 u/ml), phenazine methosulfate (0.06 mg/ml), and nitro blue ... | 1992 | 1621991 |
| [crystal-forming bacilli from galleria mellonella l]. | | 1969 | 5396596 |
| storage proteins of the larval root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae): riboflavin binding and subunit isolation. | proteins present at high concentrations in hemolymph of the larval weevil diaprepes abbreviatus were previously shown to bind a synthetic coumarin, 7-amino-3-phenyl coumarin (coumarin-10). one of the two native proteins previously identified (protein i) is now shown to separate into two distinct bands (proteins ia and ib) using native gradient pore-limiting electrophoresis. the high concentration of proteins ia, ib, and ii in larval hemolymph, their disappearance from hemolymph upon pupation, an ... | 1992 | 1504322 |
| [fractionation and amino-acid composition of acid-soluble trypsin of inclusion bodies protein of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of moth, galleria mellonella]. | a mixture of ph 3.5-soluble trypsin peptides of inclusion bodies proteins of moth nuclear polyedrosis virus was fractionated by means of ionic exchange chromatography on dowex 50x2 and purified by paper electrophoresis-chromatography. 32 peptides are isolated, their amino acid composition being studied. | 1976 | 799518 |
| [adaptation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori l. to galleria mellonella (l.)]. | | 1970 | 5503678 |
| control of the greater and lesser wax moths (galleria mellonella and achroia grisella) with bacillus thuringiensis. | | 1968 | 5672009 |
| oral and parenteral toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis 'exotoxin', and its inactivation in larvae of galleria mellonella. | | 1969 | 5766603 |
| studies on the in vivo cellular reactions of insects: an ultrastructural analysis of nodule formation in galleria mellonella. | cellular aggregates or nodules which formed in galleria mellonella larvae in response to injections of killed bacillus cereus were examined during their first 24 hr of development. the initial aggregation stage was very rapid, occurring within 1 min, and was brought about by the release of an adhesive flocculent material by granular haemocytes in contact with the bacteria. this material, which subsequently became increasingly electron dense owing to melanin deposition, consolidated and by 5 min ... | 1977 | 408940 |
| sensory innervation of the spiracular muscle in the tsetse fly (glossina morsitans) and the larva of the waxmoth (galleria mellonella). | | 1966 | 6004954 |
| the virulence of protease and cell surface mutants of pseudomonas aeruginosa for the larvae of galleria mellonella. | | 1982 | 6123536 |
| non-occluded particles of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting galleria mellonella l.: titration in vivo and in vitro. brief report. | infectivity of non-occluded particles of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting galleria mellonella l. was determined with bioassay technique in vivo and with plaque assay method in vitro using scld 135 (quiot) established cell culture. a plaque-forming virus unit corresponds to about 50 id50 for galleria larvae injected into hemocoel for non-cloned and 0.1-1.0 id50 for a virus isolate cloned from an infective plaque. | 1979 | 391180 |
| macromolecular structure of nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. | dna preparations from nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) of galleria mellonella l. (gml) were fractionated in high ionic strength neutral sucrose gradient. this procedure allowed a separation of supercoiled infectious dna molecules with contour length of 48--52 microns from infectious open ring dna molecule, and noninfectious linear dna molecules of the same size. in addition a heterogeneity of supercoiled dna molecules was detected. covalently closed dna molecules did not contain protein or ribon ... | 1979 | 378185 |
| supercoiled dna of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of galleria mellonella l. | supercoiled infectious dna was isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting great wax moth galleria mellonella l.) covalently closed dna molecules constitute approximately 10--30 per cent in our preparations. these molecules dissappear during storage. electron micrographs of supercoiled and open circular molecules are presented. length of the open rings is about 50--52 micron. infectivity of different dna forms is discussed. | 1977 | 322646 |
| transfer of immunity against pseudomonas aeruginosa p11-1 in galleria mellonella larvae. | larvae of galleria mellonella may be immunized against pseudomonas aeruginosa by the transfer of whole hemolymph, cell-free hemolymph or hemocytes from insects previously immunized with the lipopolysaccharide of the homologous organisms. whole immune hemolymph injected as early as 3 hours after vaccination confers protection which persists as long as 40 hours. hemocytes alone confer good protection when transferred as early as 30 minutes after, and up to about 4 hours after immunization. transfe ... | 1983 | 6416902 |
| the in vitro generation of an antibacterial activity from the fat body and hemolymph of non-immunized larvae of galleria mellonella. | a state of immunity in galleria mellonella against the pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps), isolated from the homologous organism. an in vitro mixture of the lps and whole or cell-free hemolymph from non-immunized larvae is not antibacterial. in vitro mixtures of fat body and cell-free hemolymph from non-immunized larvae, incubated at 25 degrees c for 20 hours generated a proteinaceous antibacterial activity. the generation of this ... | 1984 | 6437887 |
| [the effects of bacillus thuringiensis on the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: galleriidae)]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis preparation on the greater wax moth population have been investigated under laboratory conditions. b. thuringiensis isolated from commercial insecticidal formulations such as dipelr (abbott lab. usa), tribactur btb wp (fabrick von chemische production, holland), bactospein (laboratoire roger, france). the effective strain was used in this experiment. the applied concentrations of bacillus on the greater wax moth larvae are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 gram, ... | 1983 | 6669083 |
| time and dose studies of the effect of cobra venom factor on the in vivo immune response in galleria mellonella to pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the induced resistance of wax moth larvae vaccinated with formolized pseudomonas aeruginosa 18 hr prior to challenge with the live organism was significantly inhibited by 0.2 to 1.0 units of cobra venom factor (cvf) per insect given 6 hr after vaccination. approximately 90% inhibition of the protective response was caused by 1.0 units cvf/insect. administration of this dose 6 hr before vaccination, with the vaccine, and 6 hr before challenge had no significant effect. the cvf effect was inhibite ... | 1978 | 99334 |
| effects of hemolymph from immune and non-immune larvae of galleria mellonella on the ultra-structure of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the ultrastructure of pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen of galleria mellonella is rapidly altered after in vitro exposure to the hemolymph of vaccinated larvae. the bacteria were treated with normal and immune hemolymph for periods of time ranging from 7 to 28 min at 28 degrees c. in contrast to the apparent non-damaging effects of normal hemolymph, the immune hemolymph caused progressive damage to the cells within 7 min. the initial attack was directed towards the cell wall. complete degradati ... | 1982 | 6813153 |
| polypeptide antibiotic 26a from bacillus subtilis. i. taxonomy and fermentative production. | in surface cultures on nk/2-sym's medium, the isolate no. 26a of bacillus subtilis from the intestinal tract of galleria mellonella larvae produced three antibacterial substances which were separated by gel filtration on sephadex g-25 column. the major bioactive compound named 26a had a close resemblance to bacitracin family of polypeptide antibiotics. two minor active compounds, i.e. a bacteriolytic enzyme with endo-beta-n-acetylmuramidglycanohydrolase (ec. 3. 2. 1. 17) activity and other unide ... | 1978 | 81595 |
| an iridovirus from bees. | an iridovirus, apis iridescent virus (aiv), isolated from sick adult specimens of apis cerana (hymenoptera) from kashmir, closely resembles iridescent viruses from tipula and sericesthis spp. (tiv and siv). however, aiv is only distantly related serologically to tiv and siv and is even more remotely related to several other similar viruses that were tested in tube precipitation tests with intact particles. aiv multiplies in apis mellifera, forming cytoplasmic iridescent crystalline aggregates in ... | 1976 | 58966 |
| [the cellular reticular structures induced by baculovirus in the lepidoptera galleria mellonella]. | induction of filamentous nuclear structures by baculoviruses are observed in the hemocytes of galleria mellonella larvae. modalities of detection of these virus-induced structures by means of sheep or rabbit globulines labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate are described. | 1975 | 50151 |
| [comparative biochemical studies of polyhedral proteins of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses]. | using disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weights of polyhedral proteins of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npv) of porthetria dispar, mamestra brassicae, and aporia crataegi were found to be 28000 +/- 3000. it was shown that npv polyhedra of bombyx mori, galleria mellonella, p. dispar, and m. brassicae contain a protease. during dissolution of the polyhedra at ph 10,5 this protease specifically cleaves the matrix protein into 2--5 fragments. the amino acid compositions of npv p ... | 1978 | 33725 |
| exocellular proteases of serratia marcescens and their toxicity to larvae of galleria mellonella. | out of 18 strains of serratia marcescens producing exocellular proteases the strain serratia marcescens cceb 415 was selected according to preliminary experiments. it could be shown that the train exhibits proteolytic activity reaching up to 10 tu per 1 ml of the culture filtrate in a medium with gelatine and peptone. two proteolytic enzyme could be demonstrated by means of specific inhibitors edta and diisopropyfluorophosphate: metalprotease with optimum activity at ph 7.5 and serine protease w ... | 1976 | 11154 |
| analysis of ecdysteroid action in malacosoma disstria cells: cloning selected regions of e75- and mhr3-like genes. | ipri-md-66 (md-66) cells respond to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e, 4 x 10(-6) m) in the medium by producing cytoplasmic extensions, clumping and attaching themselves to the substrate. these morphological changes are at a maximum by 6 days post treatment. degenerate oligonucleotides, designed on the basis of conserved amino acid sequences in the dna and ligand binding regions of the members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, were used in rna-pcr to isolate two cdna fragments, malacosoma disst ... | 1995 | 7627201 |
| multicellular-vesicle-promoting polypeptide from trichoplusia ni: tissue distribution and n-terminal sequence. | an n-terminal amino acid sequence of a 16.9 kda hemolymph polypeptide, "vesicle promoting factor" (vpf) from trichoplusia ni, revealed a high sequence homology (70%) with manduca sexta apolipophorin-iii. a polyclonal antibody developed against vpf, however, was not immunoreactive with either purified m. sexta or t. ni apolipophorin-iii. immunoblots of tissue homogenates of t. ni indicated that vpf was present in imaginal wing discs, central nervous system (cns), silk glands, midgut and hemocytes ... | 1995 | 7655058 |
| hirsutellin a, a toxic protein produced in vitro by hirsutella thompsonii. | a toxic protein, hirsutellin a, has been purified from the mite fungal pathogen, hirsutella thompsonii, using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on bio-gel p-10. the protein has been characterized as a monomer with a molecular mass of 15 kda and an isoelectric point of 10.5. the amino acid composition and the n-terminal sequence of hirsutellin a (34 amino acids) have been determined. from these results, the toxin appears to be distinct from other know ... | 1995 | 7670635 |
| studies on insect bacteriolytic enzymes--ii. some physical and enzymatic properties of lysozyme from haemolymph of galleria mellonella. | | 1976 | 9261 |
| plaque assay and replication of tipula iridescent virus in spodoptera frugiperda ovarian cells. | a plaque assay was developed for the study of tipula iridescent virus (tiv) replication using a cell line derived from the fall army worm spodoptera frugiperda (sf9). infection and plaque formation were monitored with time by phase contrast microscopy, video and fluorescent light microscopy. structure of virions, viroplasmic centres and organelles of infected cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (tem). after 4 h postinfection, plaques were visibly detected within the cell mono ... | 1994 | 7839010 |
| pathogenicity of bacillus cereus for insects. ii. toxicity of phospholipase c for galleria mellonella. | | 1972 | 4337759 |
| studies on the 3'-terminal sequences of the large ribosomal ribonucleic acid of different eukaryotes and those associated with "hidden" breaks in heart-dissociable insects 26s ribonucleic acid. | the 3'-terminal sequences associated with the large rrna complex from a range of eukaryotes were determined after pancreatic or t(1)-ribonuclease digestion of rna terminally labelled with [(3)h]isoniazid. in all higher eukaryotes examined except drosophila melanogaster, the 3'-terminal sequences y-g-u(oh) and g-c-u(oh) were demonstrated for the large rna component(s) and for 6s rna respectively. the 3'-terminal sequence of saccharomyces cerevisiae 26s rna was y-g-u(oh) and that of 6s rna y-a-u-u ... | 1974 | 4219141 |
| in vitro host range of five baculoviruses in lepidopteran cell lines. | the in vitro host range of five nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npv) was assessed in five lepidopteran cell lines from three genera. multiple-enveloped baculoviruses of autographa californica (acmnpv), trichoplusia ni (tnmnpv), and galleria mellonella (gmmnpv) replicated in cells of t. ni, spodoptera frugiperda, and heliothis virescens to a titer of approximately 10(7) tcid50/ml. the multiple-enveloped baculovirus of s. frugiperda (sfmnpv) replicated only in s. frugiperda cells. the single-envelop ... | 1985 | 3988484 |
| heterorhabditis spp. and steinernema (= neoaplectana) spp.: temperature, and aspects of behavior and infectivity. | the infectivity of several species/strains of nematodes of the genera heterorhabditis and steinernema for postfeeding, 3rd instar larvae of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, was tested in sand at various temperatures. of the two genera, the steinernematids were more active at lower temperatures and parasitized l. cuprina over a greater temperature range. the temperature range of infectivity for l. cuprina differed between nematodes of the same genus and between strains of the same species. par ... | 1986 | 3743713 |
| gallysin-1, an antibacterial protein isolated from hemolymph of galleria mellonella. | an inducible hemolysin with antibacterial properties was isolated from the hemolymph of immune galleria mellonella larvae. the galleria-derived lysin, named gallysin-1, was shown to have an apparent molecular weight of 75,000 and to be relatively heat stable at 56 degrees c. although gallysin alone was not bactericidal it caused sufficient damage of the outer cell membranes of pseudomonas aeruginosa rp4 and escherichia coli k176 to release beta-lactamase from the periplasm. in the presence of ei ... | 1994 | 8050612 |
| studies on insect bacteriolytic enzymes. i. lysozyme in haemolymph of galleria mellonella and bombyx mori. | | 1973 | 4712882 |
| studies on insect bacteriolytic enzymes. i. lysozyme in haemolymph of galleria mellonella and bombyx mori. | | 1973 | 4717478 |
| reactions of hemocytes of immune and non-immune galleria mellonella larvae to proteus mirabilis. | immune larval galleria mellonella removed live proteus mirabilis from the hemolymph less effectively than did non-immune larvae. this was attributed to a decline in total hemocyte counts, levels of plasmatocytes and granulocytes and hemocyte adhesion capacity. immune serum possessed factors which reduced bacterial adhesion to the hemocytes. this was not due to altering bacterial surfaces but rather to irreversible suppression of hemocyte activity. | 1987 | 3109970 |
| [bacterial infection due to salmonella typhimurium in an invertebrate, galleria mellonella l]. | | 1968 | 4871974 |
| [localization of the antigenic material from densonucleosis virus during infection of galleria mellonella l]. | | 1968 | 4885384 |
| the virulence of some escherichia coli strains for larvae of galleria mellonella l. | | 1969 | 4902079 |
| the amount of potassium and sulfur in healthy and nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected larvae of galleria mellonella. | | 1971 | 5092851 |
| interactions of red cells with phagocytes of the wax-mouth (galleria mellonella, l.) and mouse. | | 1970 | 5413546 |
| distribution of long-chain fatty acids among the lipid classes of lucilia sericata (meigen) and galleria mellonella (linnaeus). | | 1970 | 5475086 |
| a study of the development of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of heliothis in galleria mellonella larvae exposed to gamma rays. | | 1969 | 5804150 |
| photoreactivation and ultraviolet-enhanced reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated nuclear polyhedrosis virus by insect cells. | the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) of galleria mellonella (pryalidae: lepidoptera) was used to investigate the capability of cultured insect cells to repair ultraviolet (uv) induced damage in the viral genome. when assayed by the formation of plaques in the cell line tn-368, the survival of the virus was found to decrease linearly with increased ultraviolet exposure. the infectious capacity of uv-irradiated virions was significantly restored after exposing the tn-368 monolayers to eith ... | 1984 | 6365037 |
| nucleotide sequence of the galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus origin of dna replication. | the initiation sites of the galleria mellonella l. nuclear polyhedrosis virus (g.m. npv) dna replication were revealed. for this purpose scld 135 cells permitting the g.m. npv productive reproduction were transformed by the recombinant plasmids containing the viral genome individual fragments in prsf 2124 and pbr 322 vectors. it was revealed that 2 of the 32 recombinant plasmids can autonomously replicate in the eucaryotic cells. according to the maxam-gilbert method the dna g.m. npv fragment (1 ... | 1984 | 6365591 |
| assay for phenoloxidase activity in amblyomma americanum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis. | phenoloxidase activity in amblyomma americanum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis was assayed. no phenoloxidase activity was detected compared to high activity through time in larvae of the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella). we conclude that activated prophenoloxidase does not act as an opsonin in ixodid ticks tested to date. | 1997 | 9194851 |
| structural alterations to proteus mirabilis as a result of exposure to haemolymph from the larvae of galleria mellonella. | scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine proteus mirabilis, strain 11-1a, for morphologic alterations following exposure to normal and immune cell-free haemolymph obtained from galleria mellonella larvae. it was found that both normal and immune haemolymph exerted effects on the bacterial cells, with immune haemolymph affecting a much higher percentage of cells than normal haemolymph. the morphological damage observed by scanning electron microscopy (sem) included abnorm ... | 1984 | 6374385 |
| characterization of hemolytic and cytotoxic gallysins: a relationship with arylphorins. | gallysin-1, an inducible effector protein in the protective response of galleria mellonella larvae is a 75 kda component of hemolytically active material (ham) isolated from immune cell-free hemolymph. the sequence of the first 20 n-terminal amino acids of the antibacterial protein gallysin-1 is identical to the predicted sequence of the first 20 amino acids of the galleria arylphorin lhp76 (larval hemolymph protein 76). a murine monoclonal antibody to the 20 amino acid n-terminal peptide of gal ... | 1997 | 9258607 |
| isolation, inoculation to insect host, and molecular phylogeny of an entomogenous fungus paecilomyces tenuipes. | a parasitic fungus to moth larvae and pupae, paecilomyces tenuipes, was isolated and cultured on liquid and agar media. fruit bodies, or synnemata, with characteristics of p. tenuipes were successfully formed on the agar medium. when pupae of wax moth, galleria mellonella, were incubated with the conidia, all the pupae were infected and the synnemata were formed out of them. almost the entire length of 18s rdna of p. tenuipes was amplified by pcr and directly sequenced. molecular phylogenetic an ... | 1997 | 9367727 |
| the inhibitory effect of purified cobra venom factor, isolated from the venom of naja naja atra, on the in vivo immune response in galleria mellonella. | | 1981 | 6786928 |
| isolation and entomotoxic properties of the xenorhabdus nematophilus f1 lecithinase. | xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with nematodes of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae, respectively, were shown to produce different lipases when they were grown on suitable nutrient agar. substrate specificity studies showed that photorhabdus spp. exhibited a broad lipase activity, while most of the xenorhabdus spp. secreted a specific lecithinase. xenorhabdus spp. occur spontaneously in two variants, phase i and phase i ... | 1998 | 9647801 |
| [a method for the ultrastructural, immunocytochemical detection of ecdysone]. | the investigations were carried out with prothoracic glands of galleria mellonella. the influence of various fixation media on the preservation of the ultrastructure and on the immunocytochemical staining of the steroid ecdysone was studied. an immunocytochemical staining technique for ecdysone is described allowing the ultrastructural localization of ecdysone in different cellular compartments. | 1982 | 6815959 |
| structural and thermodynamic investigation of the chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6). | structural features and thermodynamic parameters of the complete chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6) and its constituents, isolated from the larvae of galleria mellonella, were evaluated by means of uv spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. it can be demonstrated that the viral dna is attached to the coat protein in a chromatin-like fashion, which is preserved after disruption of the virus by low temperature or partial digestion of the coat protein with proteinase k. at elevated temperature h ... | 1983 | 6838381 |
| active resistance of entomophagous rhabditid heterorhabditis bacteriophora to insect immunity. | a specific extracellular proteinase, degrading selectively the cecropin-based defence system of insects, is secreted into the larval body during parasitism of the greater wax moth by the heterorhabditis bacteriophora/photorhabdus luminescens complex and by phase 1 of p. luminescens. the proteolytic digestion of insect inducible cecropin-like immune molecules was demonstrated by the disappearance of the galleria mellonella cecropins and purified hyalophora cecropin b peptide page bands upon expos ... | 1998 | 9774783 |
| further studies on the effect and role of cobra venom factor on protective immunity in galleria mellonella: activity in the response against proteus mirabilis. | | 1980 | 6995190 |
| [quantitative determination of the infectivity of nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna on honeycomb moth (galleria mellonella) larvae]. | the possibility of using honeycomb moth larvae for titration of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) infectious dna and determinations of transfection effectiveness was studied. honeycomb moth larvae were shown to be a sensitive system for npv dna titration. deae-dextran used as a protector increased npv dna infectivity 1000-fold, ld50 in this instance being 2 x 10(8) molecules per larva. the method of npv dna infectivity determinations by the number of larvae with polyhedreae in the fatty tissue is ... | 1980 | 7001752 |
| use of almond mesocarp for production of the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii. | almond mesocarp (am) has been evaluated for production of verticillium lecanii. microbial flora of am has been studied. after ground am dilution plating, 5.3 x 10(5) +/- 2.6 x 10(4) fungal cfu.g-1 of dry am were found. common fungal saprophytes (rhizopus sp. and alternaria spp.) were found in more than 80% of the samples. aspergillus sp. and yeasts were found less commonly. rhizopus sp., alternaria spp., and aspergillus sp. inhibited growth of several v. lecanii; therefore, am was treated with s ... | 1998 | 9851027 |
| insect immunity. purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of hyalophora cecropia. | three inducible bacteriolytic proteins, designated p7, p9a and p9b, from the hemolymph of immunized pupae of the giant silk moth hyalophora cecropia have been purified using a two-step procedure with cation-exchange chromatography. purified protein p7 has a molecular weight of 15000 and its amino acid composition shows a great similarity to that of the lysozyme from the wax moth galleria mellonella. moreover, heat stability, ph-rate profile and bacteriolytic specificity also indicate that protei ... | 1980 | 7341234 |
| isolation and developmental expression of the ecdysteroid-induced ghr3 gene of the wax moth galleria mellonella. | three degenerate primers were designed to match the most conserved regions within the dna-binding domains of several selected members of the steroid hormone receptor family. use of these primers in the polymerase chain reaction with cdna from galleria mellonella prepupae detected a 177 bp fragment that had 87% identity to the manduca sexta gene mhr3 and 75% to the drosophila melanogaster dhr3 gene, and therefore was named "ghr3". screening of a galleria penultimate instar cdna library with this ... | 1994 | 7981726 |
| interaction of mutants of xenorhabdus nematophilus (enterobacteriaceae) with antibacterial systems of galleria mellonella larvae (insecta: pyralidae). | xenorhabdus nematophilus mutants that took longer to kill insects than did the wild type were used to determine the relationship of the physicochemical properties and outer membrane composition to bacterial interaction with the antibacterial systems of galleria mellonella larvae and to bacterial virulence. insect serum slowed the growth of the wild-type and mutant bacteria. this was attributed to increased spheroplast formation for the mutants. spheroplast formation was associated with an increa ... | 1994 | 8012904 |