| dynamic rearrangement within the antheraea pernyi silk fibroin gene is associated with four types of repetitive units. | we characterized a full-length gene encoding wild silkmoth antheraea pernyi fibroin (ap-fibroin) to clarify the conformation of repetitive sequences. the gene consisted of a first exon encoding 14 amino acid residues, a short intron (120 bp), and a long second exon encoding 2,625 amino acid residues. three amino acids, alanine, glycine, and serine, amounted to 81% of the ap-fibroin sequence. the ap-fibroin, except for 155 residues of the amino terminus, was composed of 80 tandemly arranged polya ... | 2000 | 11040284 |
| structural determination of the n-glycans of a lepidopteran arylphorin reveals the presence of a monoglucosylated oligosaccharide in the storage protein. | the structures of the oligosaccharides attached to arylphorin from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi, have been determined. arylphorin, a storage protein present in fifth larval hemolymph, contained 4.8% (w/w) of carbohydrate that was composed of fuc:glcnac:glc:man=0.2:4.0:1.4:13.6 moles per mole protein. four moles of glcnac in oligomannose-type oligosaccharides strongly suggest that the protein contains two n-glycosylation sites. normal-phase hplc and mass spectrometry oligosaccharide pro ... | 2003 | 12626419 |
| baculovirus and dsrna induce hemolin, but no antibacterial activity, in antheraea pernyi. | hemolin is one of the haemolymph proteins most strongly induced upon bacterial infection in lepidoptera. when we applied rna interference (rnai) to suppress hemolin expression in the chinese oak silk moth antheraea pernyi, we discovered that hemolin is induced by double-stranded rna (dsrna) per se. as dsrna is recognized as a virus pattern molecule, we then investigated the effect of a baculovirus (apnpv) infection. we found that hemolin is induced and expressed with similar kinetics as upon dsr ... | 2004 | 15271212 |
| immunization of mice with concentrated liquor from male zooid of antheraea pernyi. | to study the effects of concentrated liquor from male zooid of antheraea pernyi on immunological mice. | 2005 | 16015701 |
| in vitro study of the proteolytic degradation of antheraea pernyi silk fibroin. | in this study, antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ap-sf) films were incubated with protease type xxi from streptomyces griseus, at 37 degrees c, to investigate the degradation behavior in an in vitro model system. the enzyme-resistant fractions of ap-sf films and the soluble peptides formed by proteolytic degradation were collected at specified times, from 1 to 17 days, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, ft-raman, and ft-ir spectroscopy. proteo ... | 2006 | 16398523 |
| phylogenetic analysis of nosema antheraeae (microsporidia) isolated from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | the microsporidian nosema antheraeae is a pathogen that infects the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. we sequenced the complete small subunit (ssu) rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer (its) of n. antheraeae, and compared the ssu rrna sequences in other microsporidia. the results indicated that nosema species, including n. antheraeae, formed two distinct clades, consistent with previous observations. furthermore, n. antheraeae is clustered with n. bombycis with high bootstrap supp ... | 2006 | 16872300 |
| discovery of specific tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain of the beetle harmonia axyridis. | rabbit anti-serotonin and mouse monoclonal anti-tryptophan hydroxylase antisera were applied on the brain sections of the beetle harmonia axyridis, butterfly childrena zenobia, moth antheraea pernyi and ant camponotus japonicus, using the streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method and colophony-paraffin embedded section technique. results revealed that all the experimental insects showed notable serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the brain. however, only the brain sections of the beetle ... | 2006 | 16426586 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus gp64 gene. | frequent outbreaks of the purulence disease of chinese oak silkworm are reported in middle and northeast china. the disease is produced by the pathogen antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv). to obtain molecular information of the virus, the polyhedra of anpenpv were purified and characterized. the genomic dna of anpenpv was extracted and digested with hindiii. the genome size of anpenpv is estimated at 128 kb. based on the analysis of dna fragments digested with hindiii, 23 fragments w ... | 2005 | 16388134 |
| genome mapping and gene analysis of antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus for improvement of baculovirus expression vector system. | we have constructed a genome dna map of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv) and used it to identify target genes for deletion in order to improve the newly developed baculovirus expression vector system. initially, 50 independent psti fragments of viral dna were obtained by shotgun cloning, and both termini of each cloned fragment were sequenced. then, the sequence data were used for homology search against both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of other npvs in databases. this ... | 2002 | 16233185 |
| functional analysis of the inhibitor of apoptosis genes in antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (iap) plays an important role in cell apoptosis. we cloned two novel iap family members, ap-iap1 and ap-iap2, from antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (apnpv) genome. ap-iap1 contains two baculoviral iap repeat (bir) domains followed by a ring domain, but ap-iap2 has only one bir domain and ring. the result of transient expression in spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) showed that ap-iap1 blocked cell apoptosis induced by actinomycin d treatment and also rescued th ... | 2010 | 20437152 |
| [effects of the antibacterial peptide cecropins from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats]. | to gain insight into the putative anticancer effect of the antibacterial peptides, cecropins, from chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi, on the cancer cells and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. | 2003 | 14559696 |
| ligand binding to six recombinant pheromone-binding proteins of antheraea polyphemus and antheraea pernyi. | binding properties of six heterologously expressed pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) identified in the silkmoths antheraea polyphemus and antheraea pernyi were studied using tritium-labelled pheromone components, ( e, z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate ((3)h-ac1) and ( e, z)-6,11-hexadecadienal ((3)h-ald), common to both species. in addition, a known ligand of pbp and inhibitor of pheromone receptor cells, the tritium-labelled esterase inhibitor decyl-thio-1,1,1-trifluoropropanone ((3)h-dtfp), was t ... | 2003 | 12879348 |
| the origin and dispersal of the domesticated chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi, in china: a reconstruction based on ancient texts. | sericulture is one of the great inventions of the ancient chinese. besides the mulberry silkworm (bombyx mori), chinese farmers developed rearing of the chinese oak silkworm (antheraea pernyi) about 400 years ago. in this paper, the historic records of the origins and dispersal of the domesticated chinese oak silkworm in china are summarized. the first document with clearly recorded oak silkworm artificial rearing appeared in 1651, although chinese oak silkworm was documented in about 270 ad. al ... | 2010 | 21062145 |
| a candidate olfactory receptor subtype highly conserved across different insect orders. | candidate olfactory receptors of the moth heliothis virescens were found to be extremely diverse from receptors of the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito anopheles gambiae, but there is one exception. the moth receptor type hr2 shares a rather high degree of sequence identity with one olfactory receptor type both from drosophila (dor83b) and from anopheles (agamgpror7); moreover, in contrast to all other receptors, this unique receptor type is expressed in numerous antennal neuron ... | 2003 | 12827420 |
| the insect v-atpase, a plasma membrane proton pump energizing secondary active transport: immunological evidence for the occurrence of a v-atpase in insect ion-transporting epithelia. | active electrogenic k+ transport in insects serves as the energy source for secretion or absorption in gastrointestinal epithelia or for the receptor current in sensory epithelia. in the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta, a vacuolar-type proton pump (v-atpase) and a k+/nh+ antiport represent the functional elements of the potassium pump. several immunological findings support the hypothesis that active k+ transport in other insect epithelia may also be energized by a v-atpase. ... | 1992 | 9874747 |
| [heterologous protein expression in the baculovirus vector system: the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of malacosoma neustria in antheraea pernyi cells]. | the results of the creation of new expressive system on malacosoma neustria nuclear polyhedrosis virus and cell line originated from antheraea pernyi tissues was demonstrated. the expression of bacterial beta-galactosidase-coding gene was analyzed in this system. | 1996 | 8743017 |
| investigation of the properties and potential medical applications of natural silk fibers produced by eupackardia calleta. | silk has been considered biocompatible and used for medical applications for centuries. however, most of the silk currently used is produced by the domesticated silkworm, bombyx mori. recently, it has been demonstrated that silk produced by saturniidae insects such as antheraea mylitta, phylisomia ricini, and antheraea pernyi had unique properties and suitable for medical applications. therefore, efforts are being made to identify and study the structure and properties of silks produced by wild ... | 2012 | 23565687 |
| transcriptome analysis of the midgut of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi infected with antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (apnpv) is an exclusive pathogen of a. pernyi. the intense interactions between apnpv and a. pernyi cause a series of physiological and pathological changes to a. pernyi. however, no detailed report exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between apnpv and a. pernyi. in this study, four cdna libraries of the a. pernyi midgut, including two apnpv-infected groups and two control groups, were constructed for transcriptomic anal ... | 2016 | 27820844 |
| developmental specificity of a bidirectional moth chorion promoter in transgenic drosophila. | the developmentally specific activity of the 326-bp promoter that is shared by the paired 18 and 401 chorion genes of the silkmoth antheraea pernyi was studied in transgenic drosophila melanogaster. bidirectional activity of this promoter is demonstrated in a novel dual reporter vector, containing lacz on one side and cat on the other. the single chorion-specific hexamer of this promoter, tcacgt, is essential for expression in both orientations; even single-base substitutions (at positions 2 or ... | 1994 | 8293884 |
| nutrigenomics in arma chinensis: transcriptome analysis of arma chinensis fed on artificial diet and chinese oak silk moth antheraea pernyi pupae. | the insect predator, arma chinensis, is capable of effectively controlling many pests, such as colorado potato beetle, cotton bollworm, and mirid bugs. our previous study demonstrated several life history parameters were diminished for a. chinensis reared on an artificial diet compared to a natural food source like the chinese oak silk moth pupae. the molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritive impact of the artificial diet on a. chinensis health are unclear. so we utilized transcriptome infor ... | 2013 | 23593338 |
| structures and functions of insect arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (iaanat); a key enzyme for physiological and behavioral switch in arthropods. | the evolution of n-acetyltransfeases (nats) seems complex. vertebrate arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) has been extensively studied since it leads to the synthesis of melatonin, a multifunctional neurohormone prevalent in photoreceptor cells, and is known as a chemical token of the night. melatonin also serves as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species. this is also true with invertebrates. nat therefore has distinct functional implications in circadian function, as timezymes (aanat), ... | 2015 | 25918505 |
| cdna cloning and expression pattern of homolog of alpha subunit of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase ib from the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of platelet-activating factor (paf). a homolog of alpha subunit of paf-ah(ib) from antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae) (appafahibα) was isolated and characterized. the obtained cdna sequence was 1843 base pairs (bp) long with an open reading frame (ore) of 678 bp encoding 225 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence shared several conserved features of paf-ahs of other ... | 0 | 22224584 |
| properties of protease inhibitors from the haemolymph of silkworms, bombyx mori, antheraea pernyi and philosamia cynthia ricini. | 1. effects of inhibitors in the haemolymph from three silkworms on proteases from the alimentary canal of respective insects were studied as well as those on bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. 2. in bombyx haemolymph, three inhibitor fractions were separated by gel filtration on sephadex g-75. these fractions differed in the specificity of inhibition for different proteases and in thermal stability. 3. in antheraea haemolymph, a relatively different elution profile was observed compared to t ... | 1982 | 7044668 |
| insect immunity: isolation and structure of cecropins b and d from pupae of the chinese oak silk moth, antheraea pernyi. | the immune system in the chinese oak silk moth, antheraea pernyi, has been compared with that of the cecropia moth which has been characterized earlier. antibacterial activity against escherichia coli was induced in diapausing pupae by injection of viable e. coli or enterobacter cloacae. the activity reached a maximum on day 7-8 after which the response gradually declined. the pupae produced a set of immune proteins with p4 and p5 as major labelled components similar to that earlier found in cec ... | 1982 | 6754375 |
| action spectra for prevention or termination of diapause in three species of lepidoptera. | action spectra for photoperiodic induction or termination of diapause in three species of lepidoptera were determined by synchronizing the appropriate stage in an ld 16:8 regimen in which a 12-hr day of cw fluorescent light was extended by 6 hr of spectral light. a combination of full- and half- silvered mirrors were used to direct the spectral light, which passed through appropriate combinations of interference filters onto each of the three groups of insects in each test conducted. the action ... | 1987 | 3601961 |
| purification of a lectin from the hemolymph of chinese oak silk moth (antheraea pernyi) pupae. | a lectin with affinity to galactose was purified to homogeneity from the hemolymph of diapausing pupae of the chinese oak silk moth, anteraea pernyi. the molecular mass of this lectin was 380,000 and it formed an oligomeric structure of a subunit with a molecular mass of 38,000. the hemagglutinating activity in the hemolymph was found to increase with time after immunization with e. coli. studies with antibody against the purified lectin showed that increase in the hemagglutinating activity was ... | 1987 | 3298221 |
| isolation and characterization of rna polymerase b from the larval fat body of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | dna-dependent rna polymerase b has been extensively purified from the larval fat body of the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) by employing chromatography on ion-exchange columns of deae-sephadex, deae-cellulose and phosphocellulose and centrifugation on glycerol gradients. the isolated enzyme after electrophoresis on acrylamide gels shows one main band and one minor band, both having enzyme activity sensitive to alpha-amanitin. the catalytic and physicochemical properties of the enzyme are simil ... | 1978 | 101373 |
| modulation of cell growth on exposure to silkworm and spider silk fibers. | recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of natural and modified silks for tissue engineering. despite longstanding concerns regarding the biocompatibility of silk sutures, only a few studies have been carried out to investigate the biocompatibility of natural silk fibers. here, we report an in vitro assessment of the effect of nonmodified, degummed silks on cells. we describe the effects of degummed silk fibers as well as extracted sericin on cell metabolism and proliferation. en ... | 2010 | 19353564 |
| upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and no production in bv-activated avian macrophage-like cell line (hd11) requires mapk and nf-kappab pathways. | the budded virus (bv) of antheraea pernyi is a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (apnpv), that belongs to the baculovirus family. it is capable of stimulating innate immune response in avian macrophage-like cells (hd11). in this study, we used the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (ifn-gamma and il-12p40) and production of nitric oxide (no) as indicators to evaluate the involvement of the signaling cascades in the activation of hd11 cells by bv. western blot analysis revealed that erk1/2, p38 map ... | 2009 | 19303463 |
| the complete mitogenome sequence of the japanese oak silkmoth, antheraea yamamai (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | the 15,338-bp long complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the japanese oak silkmoth, antheraea yamamai (lepidoptera: saturniidae) was determined. this genome has a gene arrangement identical to those of all other sequenced lepidopteran insects, but differs from the most common type, as the result of the movement of trna(met) to a position 5'-upstream of trna(ile). no typical start codon of the a. yamamai coi gene is available. instead, a tetranucleotide, ttag, which is found at the beginn ... | 2009 | 18979227 |
| baculovirus up-regulates antiviral systems and induces protection against infectious bronchitis virus challenge in neonatal chicken. | in this study, the antheraea pernyi nuclear polyhedrosis virus (apnpv), a member of the baculovirus family, is evaluated for its stimulation of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and macrophage cell line hd 11 in vitro, and protection against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in neonatal chickens in vivo. this study showed that apnpv significantly enhanced inflammatory cytokine mrna expression in chicken pbmc and hd 11 cells through the clathrin-dependent endocytic and endosomal m ... | 2008 | 18707025 |
| attachment and growth of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on regenerated antheraea pernyi silk fibroin films. | silk fibroin of the silkworm bombyx mori has been studied extensively, while the research on antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (a. pernyi sf) in biomaterials is only at an early stage. in this study, the attachment, morphology, growth and phenotype of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hbmscs) cultured on the regenerated a. pernyi sf films were studied in vitro. the results indicated that the attachment of hbmscs on the regenerated a. pernyi sf films was almost the same as that on the ... | 2006 | 18458403 |
| enhancement of cd4+ t cell activities and modulation of th1/th2 lineage development in radiated tumor-bearing rats treated with male zooid of antheraea pernyi extracts. | to investigate whether supplementation of male zooid of antheraea pernyi extracts (mzape) could enhance immune function of radiated tumor-bearing rats. | 2008 | 18395913 |
| hemolin-a lepidopteran anti-viral defense factor? | immunity in insects has largely focused on responses towards bacteria and fungi, but recently the study of immune responses against viral infections has also received attention. in lepidoptera, phagocytosis and encapsulation mediated by hemocytes, and apoptosis are part of the response against virus infection; however, many studies also suggest the presence of unknown factors involved in the anti-viral defense. an up-regulation of the lepidopteran-specific pattern recognition protein hemolin aft ... | 2008 | 17981330 |
| molecular characterization of an apolipophorin-iii gene from the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii) acts in lipid transport, lipoprotein metabolism, and innate immunity in insects. in this study, an apolp-iii gene of antheraea pernyi pupae (ap-apolp-iii) was isolated and characterized. the full-length cdna of ap-apolp-iii is 687 bp, including a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 40 bp, 3'-utr of 86 bp and an open reading frame of 561 bp encoding a polypeptide of 186 amino acids that contains an apolipophorin-iii precursor domain (pf07464). the deduced ap-apolp-iii pr ... | 2015 | 25348706 |
| complete sequence and organization of antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus, a dr-rich baculovirus. | the completion and reporting of baculovirus genomes is extremely important as it advances our understanding of gene function and evolution. due to the large number of viral genomes now sequenced it is very important that authors present significantly detailed analyses to advance the understanding of the viral genomes. however, there is no report of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv) genome. | 2007 | 17650316 |
| characterization of antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus p11 gene, a homologue of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus orf108. | antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (apnpv) p11 gene is 309 bp long, potentially encoding 102 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 11.2 kda. apnpv p11 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pqe-30 and p11 was expressed in e. coli m15. polyclonal antiserum was made against 6xhis tagged p11 protein expressed in e. coli m15. p11 gene transcription was detected as early as 36 h post-infection (p.i.) in tussah pupa and remain at high level up to 96 h p.i. structural loca ... | 2007 | 17072759 |
| a novel pattern recognition protein of the chinese oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi, is involved in the pro-po activating system. | in this paper, we firstly reported a c-type lectin cdna clone of 1029 bps from the larvae of a. pernyi (ap-ctl) using pcr and race techniques. the full-length cdna contains an open reading frame encoding 308 amino acid residues which has two different carbohydrate-recognition domains (crds) arranged in tandem. to investigate the biological activities in the innate immunity, recombinant ap-ctl was expressed in e. coli with a 6-histidine at the amino-terminus (ap-rctl). besides acted as a broad-sp ... | 2013 | 23884102 |
| safety evaluation of protein of silkworm (antheraea pernyi) pupae. | the protein of silkworm pupae (psp) has been thought to be a new available source of high quality protein that contains all the amino acids needed by the human body. the safety of psp was evaluated systematically by a series of acute and sub-acute toxicological tests: (i) acute toxicity test: the oral maximum tolerated dose of psp was more than 15.0 g/kg body weight in mice, due to the absence of toxicity according to the criteria of acute toxic classifications; (ii) mutagenicity test: psp had n ... | 2006 | 16510230 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant silkworm moth, eriogyna pyretorum (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of eriogyna pyretorum (lepidoptera: saturniidae) was determined as being composed of 15,327 base pairs (bp), including 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes, and a control region. the arrangement of the pcgs is the same as that found in the other sequenced lepidopteran. the at skewness for the e. pyretorum mitogenome is slightly negative (-0.031), indicating the occurrence of more ts than as. the nucleotide composition of the e ... | 2009 | 19471586 |
| antheraea pernyi silk fibroin maintains the immunosupressive properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. | we reported previously that regenerated antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (a. pernyi sf) could support the attachment and growth of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hbmscs). in this work, the immunosupressive effects of hbmscs cultured on the a. pernyi sf films on t-cells were investigated in vitro. the production of il-6, cd80, cd86 and hla-dr by the hbmscs was also observed. the study showed that hbmscs cultured on the regenerated a. pernyi sf films still kept their immunosupression on t- ... | 2009 | 19664716 |
| involvement of tlr21 in baculovirus-induced interleukin-12 gene expression in avian macrophage-like cell line hd11. | our previous work showed that baculovirus (antheraea pernyi nuclear polyhedrosis virus [apnpv]) induced a strong innate immunity and protected chicken from a lethal challenge of bronchitis virus. the purpose of present study was to determine the chicken toll-like receptors (tlrs) used by bv-infected immune cells to induce this immune response. we first investigated the expression of the toll-like receptor (tlr) genes in resting and bv-infected hd11 (chicken macrophage-like cell line) and dt40 (c ... | 2010 | 20471186 |
| artificial and factitious foods support the development and reproduction of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii. | the generalist predatory mite amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot (acari: phytoseiidae) was reared on ephestia kuehniella zeller eggs (lepidoptera: pyralidae), decapsulated dry cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana kellogg (anostraca: artemiidae), and on meridic artificial diets (composed of honey, sucrose, tryptone, yeast extract, and egg yolk) supplemented with pupal hemolymph of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae) (ad1), with e. kuehn ... | 2014 | 24154947 |
| neofunctionalization in an ancestral insect desaturase lineage led to rare δ6 pheromone signals in the chinese tussah silkworm. | the chinese tussah silkworm, antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae) produces a rare dienoic sex pheromone composed of (e,z)-6,11-hexadecadienal, (e,z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate and (e,z)-4,9-tetradecadienyl acetate, and for which the biosynthetic routes are yet unresolved. by means of gland composition analyses and in vivo labeling we evidenced that pheromone biosynthesis towards the immediate dienoic gland precursor, the (e,z)-6,11-hexadecadienoic acid, involves desaturation steps with δ ... | 2010 | 20691782 |
| mechanical properties and structure of silkworm cocoons: a comparative study of bombyx mori, antheraea assamensis, antheraea pernyi and antheraea mylitta silkworm cocoons. | as a protective shell against environmental damage and attack by natural predators, the silkworm cocoon has outstanding mechanical properties. in particular, this multilayer non-woven composite structure can be exceptionally tough to enhance the chance of survival for silkworms while supporting their metabolic activity. peel, out-of-plane compression and nano-indentation tests and micro-structure analysis were performed on four types of silkworm cocoon walls (domesticated bombyx mori, semi-domes ... | 2013 | 23706202 |
| studies on the transmission and tissue distribution of antheraea pernyi iflavirus in the chinese oak silkmoth antheraea pernyi. | antheraea pernyi iflavirus (apiv) is a virus that is the likely causative agent of a. pernyi vomit disease (avd). the virus is maintained in a. pernyi populations as an unapparent infection by as yet unknown transmission routes. the mechanisms by which an infection results in avd are also not yet known. both these factors were investigated in this study. a. pernyi larvae were fed or injected with apiv, but only injection led to active replication and spread of apiv to the head, epidermis, hemocy ... | 2017 | 28056416 |
| enzymatic degradation of antheraea pernyi silk fibroin 3d scaffolds and fibers. | in this study, the in vitro enzymatic degradation behavior of the regenerated antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ap-sf) three-dimensional (3d) scaffolds and the natural ap-sf fibers exposed to enzyme solutions of α-chymotrypsin, collagenase ia and protease xiv were investigated. the results indicated that all three proteases could degrade the ap-sf 3d scaffolds, and the degradation ability was in the order protease xiv>collagenase ia>α-chymotrypsin. the regenerated ap-sf 3d scaffold could be degrade ... | 2010 | 21087623 |
| the nuclear apparatus and chromosomal dna of the microsporidian nosema antheraeae. | the microsporidian nosema antheraeae is a pathogen of the chinese oak silkmoth antheraea pernyi, the molecular karyotype of which is still poorly understood. here the diplokaryon of n. antheraeae strain np-yy has been visualized both by fluorescence and electron microscopy. in addition, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) showed that the haploid genome of n. antheraeae is approximately 9.3-9.5 million base pairs organized into 15 chromosomal bands. the mean fluorescence intensity of n. anthe ... | 2011 | 21382124 |
| the male silkworm moth (antheraea pernyi) is a key ingredient in hu-bao and sheng-bao for specific prolongation of the life-span of the male fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster). | it is well established in traditional chinese medicine that certain natural products, such as male silkworm moths, have different therapeutic effects on men than on women. these natural products have been used as dietary supplements specifically formulated for men or for women. however, this presumed sex-specific effect of certain natural products has not yet been confirmed experimentally with animal models or in human clinical trials. here, using the fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster) as a lon ... | 2002 | 12230015 |
| [preliminary study on polyvinyl alcohol/wild antheraea pernyi silk fibroin as nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineered tendon]. | to investigate the cellular compatibility of polyvinyl alcohol (pva)/wild antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (wsf), and to explore the feasibility for tendon tissue engineering scaffold in vitro. | 2011 | 21427847 |
| cdna cloning and expression analysis of pattern recognition proteins from the chinese oak silkmoth, antheraea pernyi. | pattern recognition receptors play an important role in insect immune defense. we cloned the β-1,3-glucan recognition protein, lectin-5 and c-type lectin 1 genes of antheraea pernyi and examined the expression profiles of immune-stimulated pupae. after infection with bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, antheraea pernyi nuclear polyhedrosis virus (apnpv) and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively, the pupae showed different gene expression levels in the different tissues examined (midgut, fatbod ... | 2012 | 26466728 |
| upregulation of a trypsin-like serine protease gene in antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae) strains exposed to different pathogens. | antheraea pernyi guérin-méneville is used for silk production and as a food resource. its infection by exogenous pathogens, including microsporidia, fungi, bacteria, and virus, can lead to silkworm diseases, causing major economic losses. a trypsin-like serine protease gene (tls) was found in a. pernyi transcriptome data resulting from two different infection experiments. the cdna sequence of aptls was 1,020 bp in length and contained an open reading frame of 774 bp encoding a 257-amino acid pro ... | 2017 | 28369437 |
| characterization and functional analysis of serpin-1 like gene from oak silkworm antheraea pernyi. | serpins are a broadly distributed family of proteases found in various organisms that play an important role in regulating the immune response. here, we identified a serpin-1 gene from antheraea pernyi that encodes a 279 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 30.8 kda. we expressed the recombinant ap-serpin-1 protein in escherichia coli and used the purified protein to prepare rabbit anti-ap-serpin-1 polyclonal antibodies. we calculated the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of the a ... | 2017 | 28228181 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a hemolin-like molecule from antheraea pernyi. | hemolin belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and plays an important role in innate immune response of insects. in this study, a hemolin-like cdna of 1418bp was obtained from antheraea pernyi (ap-hemolin-like). sequence analysis revealed ap-hemolin-like was homologous to those hemolins from other insect species. recombinant ap-hemolin-like protein was expressed in escherichia coli cells, and polyclonal antibodies were produced against the recombinant proteins. real-time pcr and western blot ... | 2015 | 25812765 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of nosema pernyi, a microsporidian parasite in antheraea pernyi. | nosema pernyi is a lethal pathogen that causes microsporidiosis in the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. in this study, we presented its morphological and some molecular characteristics. the mature spores were measured to be 4.36 × 1.49 μm. the spore wall consisted of an electron-dense exospore (ex) and electron-lucent endospore (en) layer. the polar filament (pf) was isofilar with 10-12 coils that were frequently arranged in a single row. investigation results indicated that n. pernyi can ... | 2015 | 26044882 |
| the toll signaling pathway in the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi: innate immune responses to different microorganisms. | the toll pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways regulating insect innate immunity. spatzle is a key protein that functions as a toll receptor ligand to trigger toll-dependent expression of immunity-related genes. in this study, a novel spatzle gene (apspz) from the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi was identified. the apspz cdna is 1065 nucleotides with an open reading frame (orf) of 777 bp encoding a protein of 258 amino acids. the protein has an estimated molecular weight ... | 2016 | 27483463 |
| genome sequence of enterococcus pernyi, a pathogenic bacterium for the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | we report the draft genome assembly of enterococcus pernyi the genome sequence is 3.09 mb in length with a g+c content of 38.35%. it covers 3,153 genes with an average length of 854 bp, and contains 65 trnas, 13 small rnas, and 18 rrnas. moreover, it contains 9 genomic islands with an average length of 14,058 bp and 3 prophages with an average length of 37,430 bp. | 2016 | 27198035 |
| characterization and functional study of a cecropin-like peptide from the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | in present study, a cecropin-like peptide from antheraea pernyi (apcec) was cloned and characterized. the full-length apcec cdna encoded a protein with 64 amino acids including a putative 22-amino-acid signal peptide, a 4-amino-acid propeptide, and a 38-amino-acid mature peptide. apcec gene was highly expressed in malpighian tubules of a. pernyi after induction for 24 h by escherichia coli in pbs. pro-apcec (including propeptide and mature peptide) and m-apcec (just mature peptide) were synthesi ... | 2017 | 28008655 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of prophenoloxidase from antheraea pernyi. | prophenoloxidase (ppo) is an essential enzyme in insect innate immunity because of its role in humoral defense. in this study, we have cloned a full-length cdna of antheraea pernyi prophenoloxidase (apppo) with an open-reading frame encoding 683 amino acids, and the deduced amino acid sequence of apppo exhibited a high similarity with those of lepidoptera. the expression of apppo was inducible so that the mrna level was significantly upregulated in the microbial challenged tissues, including fat ... | 2015 | 25521627 |
| biosynthesis of a potentially functional polypeptide derived from silk fibroin. | in order to understand the relationship between sequences and biological functions of rgd-containing wild silkworm silk fibroin, it is important to purify the basic rgd-containing motif in large quantities. in this study, a gene monomer encoding rgd-contained motif gsgaggrgdggygsgss (-rgd-) derived from antheraea pernyi (the same in antheraea yamamai) was designed and cloned. (-rgd-)n in various degrees of polymerizations was obtained by gene monomer doubling-extension and expression. two glutat ... | 2014 | 25226902 |
| identification of immune response-related genes in the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi by suppression subtractive hybridization. | insects possess an innate immune system that responds to invading microorganisms. in this study, a subtractive cdna library was constructed to screen for immune response-related genes in the fat bodies of antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae) pupa challenged with escherichia coli. four hundred putative est clones were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh), including 50 immune response-related genes, three cytoskeleton genes, eight cell cycle and apoptosis genes, five re ... | 2013 | 24076149 |
| overexpression of small heat shock protein 21 protects the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi against thermal stress. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) usually act as molecular chaperones to prevent proteins from being denatured in extreme conditions. we first report the shsp21 gene, named as ap-shsp21, in the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae). the full-length cdna of ap-shsp21 is 976 bp, including a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 99 bp, a 3'-utr of 316 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 561 bp encoding a polypeptide of 186 amino acids. the deduced a. pernyi shsp21 protein seq ... | 2013 | 23763950 |
| purification and characterization of a 1,3-β-d-glucan recognition protein from antheraea pernyi larve that is regulated after a specific immune challenge. | pattern recognition receptors are known to participate in the activation of prophenoloxidase system. in this study, a 1,3-β-d-glucan recognition protein was detected for the first time in antheraea pernyi larvae (ap-βgrp). ap-βgrp was purified to 99.9% homogeneity from the hemolymph using traditional chromatographic methods. ap-βgrp specifically bind 1,3-β-d-glucan and yeast, but not e. coli or m. luteus. the 1,3-β-d-glucan dependent phenoloxidase (po) activity of the hemolymph inhibited by anti ... | 2013 | 23710637 |
| morphological characterization and hsp70-, igs-based phylogenetic analysis of two microsporidian parasites isolated from antheraea pernyi. | two microsporidian isolates were extracted from single infected egg-laying tussah silk moth (antheraea pernyi) in liaoning province, china. the microsporidia were subsequently grown in silk moth larvae, isolated, and subjected to morphological characterization (by light and transmission electron microscopy) and phylogenetic analysis (based on conserved genes). one type of spore was long-axis-oval in shape, measuring 4.71 × 1.95 μm, and the other type was short-axis-oval, measuring 3.64 × 2.17 μm ... | 2017 | 28111712 |
| comparative genomics of parasitic silkworm microsporidia reveal an association between genome expansion and host adaptation. | microsporidian nosema bombycis has received much attention because the pébrine disease of domesticated silkworms results in great economic losses in the silkworm industry. so far, no effective treatment could be found for pébrine. compared to other known nosema parasites, n. bombycis can unusually parasitize a broad range of hosts. to gain some insights into the underlying genetic mechanism of pathological ability and host range expansion in this parasite, a comparative genomic approach is condu ... | 2013 | 23496955 |
| characterization of bombyx mori and antheraea pernyi silk fibroins and their blends as potential biomaterials. | fibroin proteins isolated from the cocoons of certain silk-producing insects have been widely investigated as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. in this study, fibroins were isolated from cocoons of domesticated bombyx mori (bm) and wild antheraea pernyi (ap) silkworms following a degumming process. the object of this study was to obtain an assessment on certain properties of these fibroins in order that a concept might be had regarding the feasibility of using their blends as bio ... | 2016 | 27995586 |
| the functions of serpin-3, a negative-regulator involved in prophenoloxidase activation and antimicrobial peptides expression of chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | serpins are a superfamily of proteins engaged in various physiological processes in all kingdoms of life. to date, many striking results have demonstrated serpins are involved in the invertebrate immune system by regulating the proteolytic cascades. however, in most insect species, the immune functions of serpins in response against pathogen invasion remain obscure. in this study, we identified a full-length cdna sequence of serpin, named serpin-3, from the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi. ... | 2017 | 27919647 |
| ion-induced fabrication of silk fibroin nanoparticles from chinese oak tasar antheraea pernyi. | silk protein fibroin in nanoparticles form is a promising material for drug delivery due to its pleiotropic properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease in fabrication into smaller diameters, high bioavailability, and therapeutic retention at target sites. in the present study, silk nanoparticles are fabricated from regenerated fibroin solution of the chinese temperate oak tasar antheraea pernyi by novel ion-induced self-assembly in a very short time under mild conditions. the ... | 2015 | 25936281 |
| natural non-mulberry silk nanoparticles for potential-controlled drug release. | natural silk protein nanoparticles are a promising biomaterial for drug delivery due to their pleiotropic properties, including biocompatibility, high bioavailability, and biodegradability. chinese oak tasar antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (apf) nanoparticles are easily obtained using cations as reagents under mild conditions. the mild conditions are potentially advantageous for the encapsulation of sensitive drugs and therapeutic molecules. in the present study, silk fibroin protein nanoparticles ... | 2016 | 27916946 |
| transgenic citrus expressing synthesized cecropin b genes in the phloem exhibits decreased susceptibility to huanglongbing. | expression of synthesized cecropin b genes in the citrus phloem, where candidatus liberibacter asiaticus resides, significantly decreased host susceptibility to huanglongbing. huanglongbing (hlb), associated with candidatus liberibacter asiaticus bacteria, is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. all of the commercial sweet orange cultivars lack resistance to this disease. the cationic lytic peptide cecropin b, isolated from the chinese tasar moth (antheraea pernyi), has been shown t ... | 2017 | 27866312 |
| antheraea pernyi silk sericin mediating biomimetic nucleation and growth of hydroxylapatite crystals promoting bone matrix formation. | bone biomineralization is well-regulated processes mediated by extracellular matrix proteins. the materials that can direct nucleation of hydroxylapatite (hap) crystals and assembly of well-structured material-minerals complex are the key to mimicking the natural mineralization. this study used sericin from antheraea pernyi (a.pernyi), non-mulberry silkworm cocoon as template to mediate nucleation of hap crystals. here we find out that as (antheraea pernyi sericin) can nucleate the formation hap ... | 2017 | 27859871 |
| silk scaffolds connected with different naturally occurring biomaterials for prostate cancer cell cultivation in 3d. | in the present work, different biopolymer blend scaffolds based on the silk protein fibroin from bombyx mori (bm) were prepared via freeze-drying method. the chemical, structural, and mechanical properties of the three dimensional (3d) porous silk fibroin (sf) composite scaffolds of gelatin, collagen, and chitosan as well as sf from antheraea pernyi (ap) and the recombinant spider silk protein spidroin (ssp1) have been systematically investigated, followed by cell culture experiments with epithe ... | 2017 | 27696348 |
| characterization and expression analysis of receptor for activated c kinase from silk-producing insect antheraea pernyi. | the receptor for activated c kinase (rack) is an important scaffold protein with regulatory functions in cells. however, its role in the immune response of antheraea pernyi to pathogen challenge remains unclear. to investigate the biological functions of rack in the wild silkworm a. pernyi, cloning was performed and the expression patterns of the rack gene were analyzed. sequence analysis revealed that the rack gene was 1120 bp containing a 960-bp open reading frame. the deduced rack protein seq ... | 2016 | 27586183 |
| expression and characterization of a lipase-related protein in the malpighian tubules of the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | lipases are ubiquitous enzymes in nature, which play a crucial role in fat metabolism by catalyzing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to free fatty acids and glycerol. however, reports concerning insect lipase are rare. in this study, we studied the expression and activity of a lipase-related protein from antheraea pernyi (aplrp). recombinant aplrp was expressed in escherichia coli cells and used to raise rabbit anti-aplrp polyclonal antibodies. aplrp mrna and protein expression were abundant in ... | 2016 | 27297450 |
| gene expression patterns in response to pathogen challenge and interaction with hemolin suggest that the yippee protein of antheraea pernyi is involved in the innate immune response. | yippee was first identified as a protein that physically interacts with the hemolin protein of hyalophora cecropia. in this study, we identified a gene with a 366bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a 121 amino acid protein containing a conserved yippee domain. we named this gene ap-yippee (yippee gene from antheraea pernyi), and investigated the role of the protein in the host immune response. a recombinant ap-yippee protein was expressed in escherichia coli cells, and polyclonal antibodies ... | 2016 | 27261060 |
| inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis influencing the transcripts level of shsp21.4 gene induced by pathogen infections, in antheraea pernyi. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) can regulate protein folding and protect cells from stress. to investigate the role of shsps in the silk-producing insect antheraea pernyi response to microorganisms, a shsp gene termed as ap-shsp21.4, was identified. this gene encoded a 21.4 kda protein which shares the conserved structure of insect shsps and belongs to shsp21.4 family. ap-shsp21.4 was highly expressed in fat body and up-regulated in midgut and fat body of a. pernyi challenged with escherichia ... | 2015 | 25844646 |
| glass transitions in native silk fibres studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. | silks are a family of semi-crystalline structural materials, spun naturally by insects, spiders and even crustaceans. compared to the characteristic β-sheet crystalline structure in silks, the non-crystalline structure and its composition deserves more attention as it is equally critical to the filaments' high toughness and strength. here we further unravel the structure-property relationship in silks using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (dmta). this technique allows us to examine the most ... | 2016 | 27320178 |
| interactions between fibroin and sericin proteins from antheraea pernyi and bombyx mori silk fibers. | silkworm silk fibers are core-shell composites of fibroin and sericin proteins. studying the interactions between fibroin and sericin is essential for understanding the properties of these composites. it is observed that compared to the domestic silk cocoon bombyx mori (b. mori), the adhesion between fibroin and sericin from the wild silk cocoon, antheraea pernyi (a. pernyi), is significantly stronger with a higher degree of heterogeneity. the adsorption of a. pernyi sericin on its fibroin is al ... | 2016 | 27314644 |
| nucleopolyhedroviruses (npv) induce the expression of small heat shock protein 25.4 in antheraea pernyi. | nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) is one group of baculoviruses. the infection of npv in silkworm is often lethal. to investigate the effective measures to stop the infection of npv, we cloned cdna encoding small heat shock protein 25.4 in antheraea pernyi (ap-hsp25.4). the translated amino acid sequence consisted of 223 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 25.4kda and an isoelectronic point (pi) of 4.93. quantitative real-time pcr was used to investigate the expression patterns and distribu ... | 2016 | 27265031 |
| directional moisture transfer through a wild silkworm cocoon wall. | a silkworm cocoon is a porous biological structure with multiple protective functions. in the current work, the authors have used both experimental and numerical methods to reveal the unique moisture transfer characteristics through a wild antheraea pernyi silkworm cocoon wall, in comparison with the long-domesticated bombyx mori silkworm cocoon walls. the water vapor transmission and water vapor permeability (wvp) properties show that the a. pernyi cocoons exhibit directional moisture transfer ... | 2016 | 27226205 |
| cdna sequences of two arylphorin subunits of an insect biliprotein: phylogenetic differences and gene duplications during evolution of hexamerins-implications for hexamer formation. | arylphorins represent a conserved class of hexameric ∼500 kda insect hemolymph glycoproteins, rich in aromatic amino acids, which are produced in large quantities at the larval stage as reserves for metamorphosis and egg development. the recently isolated arylphorin from the moth cerura vinula is unique in being complexed to a novel farnesylated bilin. protein sequencing suggested the presence of two different ∼85 kda subunits. here, we report the complete coding sequences of two cdnas encoding ... | 2016 | 27062544 |
| spermine-modified antheraea pernyi silk fibroin as a gene delivery carrier. | the development of a novel cationized polymer used as a gene delivery carrier that can conveniently and effectively transfect cells resulting in a stably expressed target gene remains a challenge. antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (asf) is a cytocompatible and biodegradable natural polymer, and it possesses arg-gly-asp sequences but a negative charge. in order to render asf amenable to packaging plasmid dna (pdna), spermine was used to modify asf to synthesize cationized asf (casf), which was used a ... | 2016 | 27042056 |
| strain rate and anisotropic microstructure dependent mechanical behaviors of silkworm cocoon shells. | silkworm cocoons are multi-layered composite structures comprised of high strength silk fiber and sericin, and their mechanical properties have been naturally selected to protect pupas during metamorphosis from various types of external attacks. the present study attempts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of cocoon shell materials from wild silkworm species antheraea pernyi under dynamic loading rates. five dynamic strain rates from 0.00625 s-1 to 12.5 s-1 are te ... | 2016 | 26939063 |
| supplementation of an artificial medium for the parasitoid exorista larvarum (diptera: tachnidae) with hemolymph of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) or antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | the effect of supplementing hemolymph of the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), or the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville), to a basic insect-free artificial medium for the tachinid exorista larvarum (l.) was investigated. the supplementation (20% w/w) was based on the assumption that insect additives may optimize the media for this parasitoid. egg hatch, pupal and adult yields, and sex ratio did not differ among the enriched and basic media. preimaginal development ... | 2016 | 26921223 |
| enhancement of the gelation properties of surimi from yellowtail seabream (parargyrops edita, sparidae) with chinese oak silkworm pupa, antheraea pernyi. | in this study, the textural properties and micromechanism of yellowtail seabream (parargyrops edita, sparidae) surimi, with and without chinese oak silkworm pupa homogenate (sph), were investigated at different levels. the fresh, freeze-dried, and oven-dried sph all showed a gel-enhancing ability in suwari (40/90 °c) and modori (67/90 °c) gels, in a concentration-dependent manner. though the drying treatments can improve the storability of sph, compared with fresh, the effect of the active subst ... | 2016 | 26709730 |
| performance and cost comparisons for continuous rearing of arma chinensis (hemiptera: pentatomidae: asopinae) on a zoophytogenous artificial diet and a secondary prey. | the impact of a zoophytogenous, insect-free artificial diet and a secondary prey, pupae of chinese oak silk moth antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae), on the developmental rate, life history parameters, and fertility was examined for f6, f9, and f12 consecutive generations for domesticated arma chinensis (fallou) (heteroptera: pentatomidae). this study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stages, developmental times were ... | 2015 | 26470156 |
| identification and characterization of a novel microvitellogenin from the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi. | microvitellogenin (mvg) is a relatively small vitellogenic protein only characterized in the eggs of the lepidopteran insects manduca sexta and bombyx mori. in the present study, we report a novel mvg (apmvg) isolated from the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi. the obtained apmvg cdna sequence contains an open reading frame of 783 bp encoding a protein of 260 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 29.96 kda. this gene does not contain introns. structural analysis revealed that this ... | 2015 | 26126120 |
| serotonin receptor b may lock the gate of ptth release/synthesis in the chinese silk moth, antheraea pernyi; a diapause initiation/maintenance mechanism? | the release of prothoracicotropic hormone, ptth, or its blockade is the major endocrine switch regulating the developmental channel either to metamorphosis or to pupal diapause in the chinese silk moth, antheraea pernyi. we have cloned cdnas encoding two types of serotonin receptors (5htra and b). 5htra-, and 5htrb-like immunohistochemical reactivities (-ir) were colocalized with ptth-ir in two pairs of neurosecretory cells at the dorsolateral region of the protocerebrum (dl). therefore, the cau ... | 2013 | 24223937 |
| mineralization and biocompatibility of antheraea pernyi (a. pernyi) silk sericin film for potential bone tissue engineering. | this study aimed to investigate the mineralization of antheraea pernyi (a. pernyi) silk sericin. mineralization of a. pernyi sericin was performed by alternative soaking in calcium and phosphate. the inhibition of precipitation of calcium carbonate and von kossa staining on a. pernyi sericin were tested, and the corresponding results prove that a. pernyi sericin has ca binding activity. scanning electron microscope (sem) observation shows that spherical crystals could be nucleated on the a. pern ... | 2014 | 24211968 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of antheraea pernyi strain 731 (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of antheraea pernyi strain 731 (lepidoptera: saturniidae) is determined for the first time. it is a circular molecule of 15,570 bp in length, with 37 typical coding genes and one non-coding a t-rich region. its gene order and content are identical to the common type found in most insect mitogenomes. all protein-coding genes (pcgs) start with a typical atn initiation codon, except for the cox1 gene, which begins with ttag codon. nine genes used sta ... | 2016 | 25939049 |
| involvement of a versatile pattern recognition receptor, apolipophorin-iii in prophenoloxidase activation and antibacterial defense of the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi. | apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii) is an exchangeable apolipoprotein found in many insect species and functions as a lipid transport vehicle. recent studies have shown that apolp-iii is a multifunctional molecule involved in not only lipid transportation but also innate immune responses. in the present study, the pattern recognition properties of antheraea pernyi apolp-iii were investigated. recombinant ap-apolp-iii was bound to different species of microbes and further study showed the rap-apolp-iii ... | 2016 | 27387151 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of antheraea pernyi strain yu6 (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of antheraea pernyi strain yu6 (lepidoptera: saturniidae) has been reported for the first time. it is a circular molecule of 15,569 bp in length, containing 37 typical coding genes and 1 non-coding at-rich region. the overall composition of the mitogenome is a (39.27%), g (7.71%), c (12.01%), and t (41.01%). its gene order and content are identical to the common type found in most insect mitogenomes. all protein coding genes (pcgs) start with a ty ... | 2016 | 25939048 |
| imidazole derivative kk-42 boosts pupal diapause incidence and delays diapause termination in several insect species. | the imidazole derivative kk-42 is a synthetic insect growth regulator known previously to be capable of averting embryonic diapause in several lepidoptera, but whether it also affects diapauses occurring in other developmental stages remains unknown. in the present study, we examined the effect of kk-42 on pupal diapause in two species of lepidoptera, the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi and the corn earworm helicoverpa zea, and in one species of diptera, the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalp ... | 2015 | 25688691 |
| comparison of the in vitro and in vivo degradations of silk fibroin scaffolds from mulberry and nonmulberry silkworms. | degradation behavior is very important in the field of silk-based biomaterials. mulberry and nonmulberry silk fibroins are structurally and functionally distinguishable; however, no studies have examined the differences in the degradation behaviors of silk materials from various silkworm species. in this study, ca(no3)2 was used as a uniform solvent to obtain regenerated mulberry and nonmulberry (antheraea pernyi and antheraea yamamai) silk fibroin (sf) solutions, and the degradation behaviors o ... | 2014 | 25532470 |
| diapause induction, color change, and cold tolerance physiology of the diapausing larvae of the chouioia cunea (hymenoptera: eulophidae). | the chalcid wasp chouioia cunea yang (hymenoptera: eulophidae) is one of the most dominant pupal parasitoids of hyphantria cunea (drury) (lepidoptera: arctiidae), an invasive pest of many forestry trees and agricultural crops. for mass rearing c. cunea for biological control purposes, the pupae of antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae) have been widely used as a substitute host in china. in this article, photoperiodic effect on diapause induction in c. cunea within the pu ... | 2014 | 25527599 |
| eicosanoids mediate shsp 20.8 gene response to biotic stress in larvae of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) can regulate protein folding and protect cells from stress. to investigate the role of shsps in the silk-producing insect antheraea pernyi (a. pernyi; lepidoptera: saturniidae), cdna encoding hsp20.8 in a. pernyi, termed ap-shsp20.8, was identified as a 564 bp orf. the translated amino acid sequence encoded 187 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 20.8 kda and an isoelectronic point (pi) of 5.98; the sequence showed homology to shsp chaperone proteins fr ... | 2015 | 25527122 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4a gene in antheraea pernyi (lepdoptera: saturniidae). | eukaryotic initiation factor 4a (eif-4a) is an essential component for protein translation in eukaryotes. the eif-4a gene (apeif-4a) was isolated and characterized from antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae). the obtained cdna sequence was 1,435-bp long with an open reading frame of 1,266 bp encoding 421 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence shared several conserved features as found in known eif-4as and revealed 74 and 78% identities with eif-4as of homo sapiens ... | 2014 | 25480968 |
| comparing the microstructure and mechanical properties of bombyx mori and antheraea pernyi cocoon composites. | silkworm cocoon material is a natural composite consisting of silk fibres and sericin glues. both domestic and wild silkworms produce cocoons but with different functionality - one selected by man for textile manufacture whereas the other selected by nature to provide damage-tolerant housing. to understand the structure--property relationship of cocoons, we evaluated and compared the microstructure and mechanical properties of two representative cocoon walls. it appears that a "brittle and weak" ... | 2017 | 27693687 |
| supercooling capacity and cold tolerance of the wild silkworm, antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | while wild silkworms have served humans for several thousand years, little attention on cold hardiness has been paid to these economically important species. in the present study, supercooling capacity and low temperature tolerance of chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae), an economic insect reared both for silk production as well as human food, were examined under laboratory conditions. the supercooling points (scps) of pupae dropped significantly ... | 2016 | 27371710 |
| structural and functional characterization of the actin-1 gene promoter from the antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi, is an economically important insect of the saturniidae family. in this study, genome walking was performed to obtain an a. pernyi actin promoter, which can be employed in transgenic or stable cell line expression systems. the putative promoter was analyzed by the online promoter analysis programs at the berkeley drosophila genome project and the web promoter scan service, which led to the recognition of several functional elements. with respect to thes ... | 2014 | 25368086 |