| the rectal complex in the larvae of lepidoptera. | in the so-called "cryptonephric" condition of the excretory system in insects the distal ends of the malpighian tubules are closely applied to the rectum and enclosed with it in a special chamber, the perinephric space, separated from the rest of the body cavity by the perinephric membrane. the term "rectal complex" refers to this association of tubules and rectum, which is found in the larvae (but not in the adults) of most lepidoptera. in the mealworm (coleoptera) the rectal complex has notabl ... | 1976 | 8799 |
| membrane fractions from the outer layers of spores of bacillus thuringiensis with toxicity to lepidopterous larvae. | two membrane fractions, f1 and f2, have been purified from the outer layers of spores of bacillus thuringiensis. both fractions contain 6-7% cysteine and appear to be similar in composition. amino acids account for about 75% of the dry weight, carbohydrate for about 2% and lipids for about 25%. the fractions are both toxic to pieris brassicae and the toxicity is inactivated by antiserum to the toxic crystal of bacillus thuringiensis. the fractions can be distinguished by examination under the el ... | 1977 | 402265 |
| an insect toxin from spores of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | spores of bacillus thuringiensis contain a toxin active against lepidopterous larvae. this toxin can be solubilized by extraction with reagents which dissolve the protein crystal of b thuringiensis. it is inactivated by crystal-specific antiserum. spores of bacillus cereus contain a similar toxin although the specific activity is much lower than the spores of b. thuringiensis. the b. cereus toxin contains a single major polypeptidecomponent. toxic activity can be solubliized from spores of both ... | 1975 | 806656 |
| excretion of alkaloids by malpighian tubules of insects. | nicotine is transported at high rates by malpighian tubules of larvae of manduca sexta, pieris brassicae and rhodnius prolixus and the transport persists in the absence of alkaloid from the diet. in the fluid-secreting portion of rhodnius tubules this transport is not coupled to ion transport, nor is it dependent on the physiological state of the animal. the transport, which can occur against a steep electrochemical gradient, shows saturation kinetics with a maximal rate of 700 pmol. min-1 per t ... | 1976 | 932618 |
| [analytical investigations of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuriginiensis (author's transl)]. | biochemical properties of the crystalline delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis, such as stability and solubility in different solvents, were investigated. the dissolved compounds were characterized by gel-electrophoresis and gel-filtration. covalent and non-covalent bonds are responsible for the crystallisation of the protein molecules. the solubilisation of crystals with non-enzymatic solvents led to high molecular weight products (mw greater than or equal to 800,000) and to components wi ... | 1976 | 989654 |
| n-acetyl galactosamine is part of the receptor in insect gut epithelia that recognizes an insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | proteins synthesized by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis are potent insecticides. when ingested by susceptible larvae they rapidly lyse epithelial cells lining the midgut. in vitro the toxins lyse certain insect cell lines and show saturable, high-affinity binding to brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) prepared from insect midguts. we observed that the sugar n-acetyl galactosamine (galnac) specifically decreased the cytolytic activity of a cryia(c) toxin towards choristoneura fumiferana c ... | 1991 | 1658805 |
| is apolipoprotein d a mammalian bilin-binding protein? | human apolipoprotein d (apo-d) is a serum glycoprotein that has no sequence similarity with other apolipoproteins but rather belongs to the alpha 2-microglobulin superfamily whose other members transport small hydrophobic ligands in a wide variety of biological contexts. to investigate the ligand specificity of apo-d, we analyzed its relationship with the other members of this superfamily and constructed a detailed molecular model using the atomic coordinates of its most closely related homolog- ... | 1990 | 2083249 |
| bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal delta-endotoxin: diversity of crystal proteins and its relatedness to the toxicity spectrum. | bacillus thuringiensis strains produce crystal delta-endotoxins which exhibit a diverse toxicity spectrum. in order to explore the basis of toxin specificity, a comparison of the activity of 13 strains belonging to seven serotypes was made against three insect species. the delta-endotoxin crystals were purified and their polypeptide composition analyzed by sds-page. among the strains studied, the delta-endotoxins consist of a variety of crystal proteins in the 60-144 kda size range. on the basis ... | 1990 | 2166785 |
| the construction of bacillus thuringiensis strains expressing novel entomocidal delta-endotoxin combinations. | using our recently reported method of electroporation to transform bacillus thuringiensis [bone & ellar (1989) fems microbiol. lett. 58, 171-178], cloned b. thuringiensis entomocidal delta-endotoxin genes have been introduced into several native b. thuringiensis strains. in many cases the resulting transformants expressed both their native toxins and the cloned toxin, producing strains with broader toxicity spectra. the introduction of the var. tenebrionis toxin gene into b. thuringiensis var. i ... | 1990 | 2168699 |
| a novel bacillus thuringiensis gene encoding a spodoptera exigua-specific crystal protein. | only one of the four lepidoptera-specific crystal protein subclasses (cryic) bacillus thuringiensis was previously shown to be highly toxic against several spodoptera species. by using a cryic-derived nucleotide probe, dna from 25 different strains of b. thuringiensis was screened for the presence of homologous sequences. a putative crystal protein gene, considerably different from the cryic gene subclass, was identified in the dna of strain 4f1 (serotype kenyae) and cloned in escherichia coli. ... | 1990 | 2254254 |
| effect of exposure of pieris brassicae larvae to 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the natural antibacterial activity of serum. | larvae of the cabbage white butterfly, pieris brassicae, were reared on a semisynthetic diet with or without 20 ppm of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) and using three assays the sera were subsequently tested for natural antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus, escherichia coli k12, and micrococcus luteus. these assays showed that exposure of larvae to 2,4,5-t lowered the antibacterial activity of the serum against e. coli and m. luteus compared with control anima ... | 1989 | 2738419 |
| comparison of the in vivo and in vitro activity of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (hd-12) and two of its constituent proteins after cloning and expression in escherichia coli. | the insecticidal crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni hd-12 contains at least five polypeptides in the range 126-140 kda. immune blotting revealed that individual proteins in this complex share homology with a range of other b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. in vivo the native hd-12 crystal killed a lepidopteran larva (pieris brassicae) and a dipteran larva (anopheles gambiae), but not the related dipteran aedes aegypti. in vitro the solubilized activated crystal lys ... | 1988 | 2832170 |
| binding of the delta endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis to brush-border membrane vesicles of the cabbage butterfly (pieris brassicae). | the insecticidal delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis was labeled with iodine-125. brush-border membrane vesicles, prepared from the midgut epithelium of pieris brassicae larvae, known to be highly susceptible to the toxin, and from a non-target tissue: the small intestine of rat, were examined for binding of 125i-toxin. the toxin was bound specifically only to insect vesicles. its binding to the insect membrane system was competitively inhibited by 127i-toxin and non-iodinated toxin, where ... | 1988 | 2833394 |
| multiplicity of delta-endotoxin genes with different insecticidal specificities in bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the hypothesis according to which multiple and different delta-endotoxin genes could determine the host-range specificity of the lepidopteran strains of bacillus thuringiensis is being checked in the case of strains aizawai 7.29 (serotype 7) and entomocidus 601 (serotype 6). from these strains, several crystal protein genes, belonging to different structural types, have been isolated. one of the cloned genes that is not present in strain entomocidus 601 is duplicated in strain aizawai 7.29. this ... | 1988 | 2840555 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins is correlated with the presence of high-affinity binding sites in the brush border membrane of target insect midguts. | binding studies were performed with two 125i-labeled bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins on brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta or the cabbage butterfly pieris brassicae. one delta-endotoxin, bt2-protoxin, is a 130-kda recombinant crystalline protein from b. thuringiensis subsp. berliner. it kills larvae of both insect species. the active bt2-toxin is a 60-kda proteolytic fragment of the bt2-protoxin. it binds saturably and wit ... | 1988 | 2856194 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri insecticidal delta-endotoxin is determined by differential proteolytic processing of the protoxin by larval gut proteases. | the native crystal delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri, serotype 21, is toxic to both lepidopteran (pieris brassicae) and dipteran (aedes aegypti) larvae. solubilization of the crystal delta-endotoxin in alkaline reducing conditions and activation with trypsin and gut extracts from susceptible insects yielded a preparation whose toxicity could be assayed in vitro against a range of insect cell lines. after activation with aedes aegypti gut extract the preparation was ... | 1986 | 3009187 |
| structural and functional analysis of a cloned delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715. | a plasmid-encoded crystal protein gene (bt2) has been cloned from bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715. in escherichia coli, it directs the synthesis of the 130-kda protein (bt2) which is toxic to larvae of pieris brassicae and manduca sexta. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this bt2 protein with the b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 dipel, b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd73 and b. thuringiensis sotto crystal protein sequences suggests that homologous recombination between the different ... | 1986 | 3023091 |
| structurally related bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins display major differences in insecticidal activity in vivo and in vitro. | many strains within the 22 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis produce crystal delta-endotoxins with slight differences in their insecticidal toxicity spectrum in vivo. since the basis of this specificity is unknown, we chose to compare the activity of delta-endotoxins from three strains: b. thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1, var. aizawai hd-249 and var. thuringiensis hd-350, both in vivo and on insect cell lines in vitro. immunoblotting with antisera to activated var. kurstaki p1 lepidopteran to ... | 1986 | 3027111 |
| binding and activity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin to invertebrate cells. | fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as a label to detect delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and israelensis in binding studies with different in vitro cell systems. protoxin of the subspecies thuringiensis could be labelled directly whereas the activated toxin had to be traced indirectly with labelled antibodies. both protoxin and activated toxin bound to primary midgut cell cultures of pieris brassicae larvae as well as to cells of an established culture of drosophil ... | 1986 | 3028295 |
| the complete amino-acid sequence of the bilin-binding protein from pieris brassicae and its similarity to a family of serum transport proteins like the retinol-binding proteins. | the amino-acid sequence from the bilin binding protein (bbp) of the butterfly pieris brassicae has been determined. the apoprotein with a length of 173 amino-acid residues has a molecular mass of 19,676 da. the sequence analysis was performed by automated edman degradation of the intact apoprotein and of fragments as large as possible generated from different digestions. the 3-dimensional structure of bbp, determined by huber et al. (huber, r., schneider, m., epp, o., mayr, i., messerschmidt, a. ... | 1988 | 3202956 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the pieris brassicae granulosis virus granulin gene. | two overlapping restriction fragments containing the pieris brassicae granulosis virus (gv) granulin gene were cloned into plasmids. the regions containing the coding region and the 5' and 3' flanking regions were subcloned into m13 and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence data were compared to those for the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni gv and the polyhedrin gene from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). the amino acid sequences derived from these dna sequences ... | 1985 | 3891914 |
| [proceedings: the degradation of crystalline endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis with partially purified proteases from the intestinal juice of pieris brassicae]. | | 1974 | 4444829 |
| purification of a protein from bacillus thuringiensis toxic to larvae of lepidoptera. | the protein toxin of the parasporal body or crystal of bacillus thuringiensis (mattés isolate) has been purified severalfold by a combination of sephadex g-200 gel filtration and ammonium sulphate precipitation. it has been shown that the use of highly alkaline conditions for dissolution of the crystals does not lead to serious artifacts. the crystal toxin has been shown to be quantitatively related to the crystal antigen. it is possible that there is a second distinct toxin present in the cryst ... | 1968 | 4966083 |
| standardization of bacillus thuringiensis preparations: a new bioassay method with pieris brassicae as test insect. | | 1972 | 5029953 |
| crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. tolworthi. subunit structure and toxicity to pieris brassicae. | | 1971 | 5157303 |
| [proteases of pieris brassicae. ii. specificity]. | | 1966 | 5918001 |
| [range of the hosts of the causative agent of pébrine (nosema bombycis) in the mulberry silkworm]. | biological interrelations between the agent of microsporidiosis of the silkworm and local species of insects were studied. 7 species of lepidoptera (agrotis segetum, chloridea obsoleta, laphygma exigua, plusia gamma, pieris brassicae, p. rapae, lymantria dispar) were infected with the suspension of nosema bombycis spores. results have shown that 6 species of insects are susceptible to nosema bombycis excluding only the gipsy moth. so, n. bombycis can be considered to be a parasite with a wide ra ... | 1980 | 6769083 |
| [putrescine--an inhibitor of the reaction of carbon dioxide hydration in hemolymph of lepidoptera]. | using high-voltage electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography and chemical analysis tetramethylene diamine was found in hemolymph of 8 lepidoptera species (bombyx mori l., ocneria dispar l., euproctis chrysorrhoea l., yponomeuta malinella l., pieris brassicae l., aporia crataegi l., melacosoma neustria l., mamestra brassicae l.). its content reaches 11 mm 1 l of hemolymph. the absence of tetramethylene diamine in the intestine wall and malpighian vessels and its presence in the fat body permits ... | 1980 | 6770522 |
| purification of an n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific lectin (p.b.a.) from epidermal cell membranes of pieris brassicae l. | we report the isolation and the purification of an n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific lectin capable of agglutinating either fixed trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes or chitin particles. an agglutinin assay based on the affinity of this lectin for the chitin was devised with fluorescent particles of scorpion cuticle to measure lectin activity during purification steps. lectin was isolated from epidermal cell membranes; its molecular weight was determined by gel filtration and polyacrylamide electropho ... | 1982 | 6818997 |
| specificities of monoclonal antibodies against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. | eight hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis were grown in balb/c mice. ascites fluids were collected, and the antibodies were purified by antigen-affinity chromatography. the specificity of each monoclonal antibody for the toxin and protoxin was established by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all the antibodies consisted of gamma 1 heavy and kappa light chains. they were reactiv ... | 1983 | 6840855 |
| immunocytochemical identification of neural elements in the central nervous systems of a snail, some insects, a fish, and a mammal with an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide fmrf-amide. | with an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide fmrf-amide neurons and/or nerve fibers were immunocytochemically identified in the central nervous systems of a snail (lymnaea stagnalis), some insects (leptinotarsa decemlineata, periplaneta americana, locusta migratoria, pieris brassicae), a fish (poecilia latipinna) and a mammal (mouse). the fact that immunoreactive material was observed in neurohaemal organs (corpora cardiaca of the insects) as well as in axon terminals ending ... | 1980 | 7006829 |
| antibacterial and antimycotic effect of a newly discovered secretion from larvae of an endoparasitic insect, pimpla turionellae l. (hym.). | the larvae of pimpla turionellae, that develop in pupae of various lepidoptera, discharged through their anus up to 8 microliters/h of a hyaline liquid, which is termed "anal secretion". it exerted a strong bacteriostatic effect on enterobacter cloacae, a highly virulent intestinal microorganism isolated from the midgut of the host pupa, pieris brassicae. growth inhibition of escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus and pseudomonas phaseolicola was also evident, but less pronounced. inhibition depen ... | 1982 | 7171286 |
| purification of the insecticidal toxin in crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. | crystals were purified from four serotypes of the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. crystals from these serotypes were similar in amino acid and n-terminal analyses, but differed in their toxicity to two species of lepidoptera and in their immunological properties. toxic polypeptides were obtained following trypsin digestion of solutions of the crystals. in two strains (serotypes 3 and 9) this fraction contained only one polypeptide. similar results were obtained when dissolved crystals we ... | 1980 | 7420053 |
| toxicity of microcystin-lr, isolated from microcystis aeruginosa, against various insect species. | microcystin-lr (mc-lr), isolated from the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa kuetzing emend. elenkin strain ccap 1450/4 was tested for biological activity against four species of insect and the invertebrate artemia salina. the efficacy of pesticidal activity was compared with various insecticides. the 24 hr ld50 value for third instar diamond-backed moth, plutella xylostella, on ingestion from a treated leaf surface was 1.0 micrograms cm2, compared with a 72 hr ld50 value for rotenone of 2.0 ... | 1995 | 7676468 |
| the bilin-binding protein of pieris brassicae. cdna sequence and regulation of expression reveal distinct features of this insect pigment protein. | the bilin-binding protein (bbp) is a blue pigment protein which is abundant in the butterfly pieris brassicae. in an attempt to clarify the physiological role of this member of the lipocalin family of proteins, its complete cdna was cloned and expression of the bbp gene in p. brassicae was investigated. it was found that synthesis of the bbp mrna is highly regulated during the insect's ontogenesis. in larvae after the third ecdysis as well as in pupae and adults, large amounts of the mrna are pr ... | 1994 | 8112337 |
| induction kinetics of immune antibacterial proteins in pupae of galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae. | 1. pupae of galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae given an injection with live, non-pathogenic enterobacter cloacae or abiotic foreign molecules induce an acquired immunity that corresponds with the synthesis of haemolymph proteins of antibacterial activity. 2. this humoral defensive response which persists for several days, differs quantitatively between insect species and between the inducers used, although very different foreign bodies induced the same immune proteins in both lepidopteran ... | 1993 | 8243062 |
| mutagenesis of three surface-exposed loops of a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin reveals residues important for toxicity, receptor recognition and possibly membrane insertion. | information on the molecular determinants of receptor recognition, membrane insertion and toxin pore-formation was sought by making 42 single and multiple substitutions of residues 312-314 (gyy), 367-370 (yrrp) and 438-441 (sgfs) in the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crylac delta-endotoxin by site-directed mutagenesis. these three regions correspond to three putative surface-exposed loops (loops 1, 2 and 3, respectively) in domain ii of the delta-endotoxin, forming the molecular apex of the ... | 1996 | 8757726 |
| enterotoxin-producing strains of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from food. | strains of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from various food items (pasta, pitta bread and milk) and were found to belong to either h-serotype kurstaki or neoleonensis. the strains were bioassayed against pieris brassicae and insecticidal activity of strains was found to correspond to the presence of the cry1a-gene. all strains, except one, were found to express cytotoxic effects on vero cells as an indicator of enterotoxin activity. further, the b. thuringiensis strains hd-1 (serotype kurs ... | 1996 | 8862018 |
| presence in pieris rapae of cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cells. | cytotoxic activity in extracts of pupae and adults of various kinds of butterflies and moths was tested in vitro against the human gastric carcinoma cell line, tmk-1, which was chosen as an example of human carcinoma cells. among the species examined, cytotoxicity was limited to pieris rapae, pieris napi and pieris brassicae. activity was found down to a dilution of 1/10(4), while with the other butterflies and moths no activity was observed, even at 1/10(2). when the cytotoxicity of the three d ... | 1996 | 9045961 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from infections in burn wounds. | four strains of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from infections in burn wounds and from water used in the treatment of burn wounds. the strains produced large parasporal inclusion bodies composed of 141, 83, and 81 kda protoxins. the four strains were tested for insecticidal activity against larvae of pieris brassicae and aedes aegypti but showed no activity; vero cell assays for the production of enterotoxins were also negative. attempts to classify the strains according to flagellar h-ser ... | 1997 | 9215586 |
| hinnavin i, an antibacterial peptide from cabbage butterfly, artogeia rapae. | we have previously isolated four antibacterial peptides from the immune haemolymph of the fifth instar larvae of cabbage butterfly, artogeia rapae [yoe, s. m., bang, i. s., kang, c. s., and kim, h. j. (1996) mol. cells 6, 609-614]. they were induced by live, nonpathogenic gram negative bacteria. one of these novel antibacterial peptides was named hinnavin i. hinnavin i is heat stable; its activity was retained after 60 min incubation at 100 degrees c, being effective against gram negative and/or ... | 1997 | 9339895 |
| purification of pierisin, an inducer of apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells, from cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae. | a substance strongly cytotoxic to human carcinoma cell line tmk-1 has been found in pupae, larvae and adults of the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, and named pierisin. pierisin was purified from the pupae of p. rapae by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by deae-cellulose, phenyl-sepharose and hydroxyapatite column chromatographies. the molecular weight of the purified pierisin, which was homogenous on sds-polyacrylamide gel, was analyzed by mass spectrometry and found to be 98 kda. pieris ... | 1998 | 9685860 |
| cytotoxic activity of pierisin, from the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, in various human cancer cell lines. | pierisin, a protein purified from pupae of the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, exhibits cytotoxic effects against the human gastric cancer tmk-1 cell line, inducing apoptosis. the present study was performed to determine whether pierisin might exert a similar influence on nine other human cancer cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs). pierisin showed cytotoxic effects in all the human cells tested, with ic50 values ranging from 0.043 ng/ml to 150 ng/ml. among the target ... | 1999 | 10376796 |
| molecular cloning of an apoptosis-inducing protein, pierisin, from cabbage butterfly: possible involvement of adp-ribosylation in its activity. | we have previously reported that the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, contains a 98-kda protein, named pierisin, that induces apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cell lines. in the present study, sequencing and cloning of a cdna encoding pierisin was accomplished. pcr-direct sequencing showed that the gene encodes an 850-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 98,081. an intact clone at the amino acid level encompassing the entire coding region was obtained by recombination o ... | 1999 | 10485873 |
| exoproteinases of the type a in pathogenesis of insect bacterial diseases. | immune inhibitors produced in infected larvae of galleria mellonella by such entomopathogens as pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and heterorhabditis bacteriophora effectively blocked in vitro bactericidal activity of insect haemolymph against escherichia coli d31, both in galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae pupae previously vaccinated with enterobacter cloacae. even at a trace concentration, the extracellular proteinases, by proteolytic degradation, totally destroyed the activity ... | 1999 | 10754793 |
| a putative binding protein for lipophilic substances related to butterfly oviposition. | a unique protein of 23 kda (jf23) was found in the tarsus of the female swallowtail butterfly, atrophaneura alcinous. jf23 has 38% identity with a bilin-binding protein, which was found in the cabbage butterfly, pieris brassicae, and which has two consensus sequences in common with the members of the lipocalin family, suggesting that it is a binding protein for lipophilic ligands. western blot analysis showed that jf23 was expressed only in the female, and not in the male. electrophysiological r ... | 2000 | 10930586 |
| purification and cloning of pierisin-2, an apoptosis-inducing protein from the cabbage butterfly, pieris brassicae. | the cabbage butterfly pieris rapae contains a strong apoptosis-inducing substance, pierisin, against human cancer cell lines, which is thought to act via adp-ribosylation. here we report the purification and cloning of an apoptosis-inducing substance, designated as pierisin-2, from another cabbage butterfly, pieris brassicae. pierisin-2 was purified from pupae by sequential chromatography and its cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities to various cancer cells were similar to those of pierisi ... | 2000 | 10971585 |
| role of proteolysis in determining potency of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis protein delta-endotoxins are toxic to a variety of different insect species. larvicidal potency depends on the completion of a number of steps in the mode of action of the toxin. here, we investigated the role of proteolytic processing in determining the potency of the b. thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin towards pieris brassicae (family: pieridae) and mamestra brassicae (family: noctuidae). in bioassays, cry1ac was over 2,000 times more active against p. brassicae than ... | 2000 | 11097886 |
| distinct roles for the n- and c-terminal regions in the cytotoxicity of pierisin-1, a putative adp-ribosylating toxin from cabbage butterfly, against mammalian cells. | pierisin-1 is an 850-aa cytotoxic protein found in the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, and has been suggested to consist of an n-terminal region with adp-ribosyltransferase domain and of a c-terminal region that might have a receptor-binding domain. to elucidate the role of each region, we investigated the functions of various fragments of pierisin-1. in vitro expressed polypeptide consisting of amino acid residues 1-233 or 234-850 of pierisin-1 alone did not show cytotoxicity against human cer ... | 2001 | 11226221 |
| sequence analysis of insecticidal genes from xenorhabdus nematophilus pmfi296. | three strains of xenorhabdus nematophilus showed insecticidal activity when fed to pieris brassicae (cabbage white butterfly) larvae. from one of these strains (x. nematophilus pmfi296) a cosmid genome library was prepared in escherichia coli and screened for oral insecticidal activity. two overlapping cosmid clones were shown to encode insecticidal proteins, which had activity when expressed in e. coli (50% lethal concentration [lc(50)] of 2 to 6 microg of total protein/g of diet). the complete ... | 2001 | 11319082 |
| mono(adp-ribosyl)ation of 2'-deoxyguanosine residue in dna by an apoptosis-inducing protein, pierisin-1, from cabbage butterfly. | pierisin-1 is a potent apoptosis-inducing protein derived from the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae. it has been shown that pierisin-1 has an a small middle dotb structure-function organization like cholera or diphtheria toxin, where the "a" domain (n-terminal) exhibits adp-ribosyltransferase activity. the present studies were designed to identify the target molecule for adp-ribosylation by pierisin-1 in the presence of beta-[adenylate-(32)p]nad, and we found dna as the acceptor, but not protein ... | 2001 | 11592983 |
| relationships between sulfonylurea herbicide treatment of host plants and the performance of herbivorous insects. | previous work had shown that the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron affected the survival of a herbivorous insect species dwelling on a sub-lethally exposed host plant. further experiments have been conducted to establish whether this negative effect was a single occurrence characteristics for the specific insect-plant interaction and the specific herbicide tested. three insect-plant interactions were tested for the effects of selected sulfonylurea herbicides, i.e. metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsul ... | 2001 | 11802605 |
| role of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 delta endotoxin binding in determining potency during lepidopteran larval development. | five economically important crop pests, manduca sexta, pieris brassicae, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, and agrotis ipsilon, were tested at two stages of larval development for susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac, cry1ca, cry1j, and cry1ba. bioassay results for m. sexta showed that resistance to all four cry toxins increased from the neonate stage to the third-instar stage; the increase in resistance was most dramatic for cry1ac, the potency of which decreased 37-fold. ... | 2002 | 11916662 |
| pcr-aided synthesis and stable expression in e.coli of the cryia (c)bt gene. | insecticidal crystal proteins, known as delta-endotoxins, from a gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis have been used as bio-pesticides for over 3 decades. by using a successive pcr method, the 1.8 kb cryia (c)bt gene coding for the fragment of protoxin was synthesized. different from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd 73 cry gene, the synthesized gene has the codon usage pattern of an average pseudomonas spp gene. 614 nucleotides were changed in the synthesized cryia (c)bt gene and th ... | 2001 | 12050814 |
| comparison of parasitism by cotesia glomerata with bacterial infection and wounding in pieris brassicae: induction of new haemolymph polypeptides and changes in humoral immune response. | in pieris brassicae, parasitism by cotesia glomerata and bacterial infection are differentiated with respect to haemolymph protein arrays, and production or suppression of antibacterial agents. bacteriolytic activity in haemolymph from parasitized larvae was slightly, but significantly, higher 24h post-treatment than that of untreated and wounded controls. micrococcus lysodeikticus- or lipopolysaccharide-(lps) injected insects exhibited an 11-fold greater response than those parasitized. at 24h ... | 2002 | 12417208 |
| natural occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis on cabbage foliage and in insects associated with cabbage crops. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from the phylloplane of organically grown cabbage in one field during two growth seasons (1992-93). the frequency of b. thuringiensis varied between 0.02 and 0.67 of the total b. cereus/b. thuringiensis population, with an average of 0.11. characterization of the b. thuringiensis isolates from foliage showed that the majority (64% of 150 isolates) belonged to serovar kurstaki, had bipyramidal crystals and toxicity towards pieris brassicae and/or trichoplusia n ... | 1997 | 12452602 |
| identification of glycosphingolipid receptors for pierisin-1, a guanine-specific adp-ribosylating toxin from the cabbage butterfly. | pierisin-1, a cytotoxic protein found naturally in the cabbage butterfly, induces apoptosis of mammalian cells. our recent studies suggest that pierisin-1 consists of an n-terminal adp-ribosyltransferase domain, and a c-terminal region that binds to receptors on the surfaces of target cells and incorporates the protein into cells. the present study was undertaken to identify receptors for pierisin-1. the cross-linking and cloning experiments suggested that the proteins on cell membrane had no bi ... | 2003 | 12645583 |
| interactions of insecticidal toxin gene products from xenorhabdus nematophilus pmfi296. | four genes on a genomic fragment from xenorhabdus nematophilus pmfi296 were shown to be involved in insecticidal activity towards three commercially important insect species. each gene was expressed individually and in combinations in escherichia coli, and the insecticidal activity of the lysates was determined. the combined four genes (xpta1, xpta2, xptb1, and xptc1), in e. coli, showed activity towards pieris brassicae, pieris rapae, and heliothis virescens. the genes xpta1, xptb1, and xptc1 w ... | 2003 | 12788735 |
| [experimental virulence of an innocuous strain of bacillus cereus frank. and frank. for the caterpillars of galleria melonella l. and pieris brassicae]. | | 1956 | 13327524 |
| [observation on the probable role of a predator in the transmission of a bacillus to pieris brassicae larvae]. | | 1959 | 13617738 |
| the enzymic hydrolysis of bacillus thuringiensis berliner crystals, and the liberation of toxic fractions of bacterial origin by the chyle of pieris brassicae (linnaeus). | | 1965 | 14323775 |
| a delta-endotoxin encoded in pseudomonas fluorescens displays a high degree of insecticidal activity. | the short field-life of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal crystal protein has limited its use. when the bt toxin is produced in pseudomonas fluorescens it can be encapsulated and retain its effectiveness for two to three times longer than other bt formulations. in order to improve bt expression, we have synthesized cryia(c) bt delta-endotoxin encoding region (genbank af537267) according to the usage codon of p. fluorescens and transformed the bt toxin expression cassette into p. fluoresce ... | 2003 | 14556036 |
| enzymatic properties of pierisin-1 and its n-terminal domain, a guanine-specific adp-ribosyltransferase from the cabbage butterfly. | the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, produces an adp-ribosylating cytotoxic protein, pierisin-1. unlike other adp-ribosylating toxins, the acceptor site for adp-ribosylation by pierisin-1 is the n-2 position of guanine bases in dna. the present study was designed to characterize this novel guanine-specific adp-ribosyltransferase, pierisin-1. the n-terminal polypeptide from met-1 to arg-233, but not the c-terminal ser-234-met-850 polypeptide, was found to exhibit guanine adp-ribosyltransferase ac ... | 2004 | 15115771 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin. | the insecticidal activity of the delta-endotoxins of 14 bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 12 subspecies was determined against pieris brassicae, heliothis virescens, and spodoptera littoralis. larvae of p. brassicae were highly susceptible to purified crystals of strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, whereas h. virescens responded best to b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the crystals of the b. thuring ... | 1987 | 16347299 |
| monoclonal antibody analysis and insecticidal spectrum of three types of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. | we have investigated the protein composition and the insecticidal spectrum of crystals of 29 bacillus thuringiensis strains active against lepidopteran larvae. all crystals contained proteins of 130 to 140 kilodaltons (kda) which could be grouped into three types by the molecular weight of the protoxin and the trypsin-activated core fragment. proteins of the three types showed a characteristic insecticidal spectrum when tested against five lepidopteran species. type a crystal proteins were proto ... | 1988 | 16347711 |
| identification of a delta-endotoxin gene product specifically active against spodoptera littoralis bdv. among proteolysed fractions of the insecticidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29. | at least three different insecticidal crystal protein genes were shown to be expressed in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29, a strain that is potentially active against the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis bdv. among crude k-60 fractions (60- to 70-kilodalton [kda] molecules) that were products of proteolysed crystals containing the active domains of the protoxin molecules, we were able to distinguish several distinct components on the basis of their antigenic relationship and thei ... | 1988 | 16347771 |
| insecticidal activity of a bacterial crystal protein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells. | baculoviruses are insect pathogens with a relatively slow speed of action, and this has limited their use as control agents of insect pests. introduction into baculoviruses of genes which code for proteins interfering specifically with insect metabolism or metamorphosis, such as toxins, hormones, and enzymes, may enhance the pathogenicity of these viruses. the complete insecticidal crystal protein gene cryia(b) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.21 was engineered into the nuclear polyhed ... | 1990 | 16348284 |
| distribution, frequency, and diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in an animal feed mill. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 36 of 50 residue samples obtained from an animal feed mill (a stored-product environment). of 710 selected colonies having bacillus cereus-b. thuringiensis morphology isolated from the samples, 477 were classified as b. thuringiensis because of production of parasporal delta-endotoxin crystals. there was a diverse population of b. thuringiensis, as revealed by differentiation of the isolates into 36 subgroups by using (i) their spectra of toxicity to the ... | 1992 | 16348699 |
| involvement of the atr- and atm-dependent checkpoint responses in cell cycle arrest evoked by pierisin-1. | pierisin-1 identified from the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, is a novel mono-adp-ribosylating toxin that transfers the adp-ribose moiety of nad at n(2) of dg in dna. resulting mono-adp-ribosylated dna adducts cause mutations and the induction of apoptosis. however, little is known about checkpoint responses elicited in mammalian cells by the formation of such bulky dna adducts. in the present study, it was shown that dna polymerases were blocked at the specific site of mono-adp-ribosylated dg ... | 2006 | 16513843 |
| acute toxicity of pierisin-1, a cytotoxic protein from pieris rapae, in mouse and rat. | to investigate the toxicity of pierisin-1, a cytotoxic protein present in the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, pierisin-1 was administered via intraperitoneally in mice and rats and the effects examined. common findings in these experiments were hypoactivity with a gradual decrease in body weight due to decreased food intake, relative polycythemia with low serum albumin concentration and atrophy of the thymus, spleen, seminal vesicles and adipose tissue. characteristic findings were diarrhea, fu ... | 2006 | 16772702 |
| serine proteases and metalloproteases associated with pathogenesis but not host specificity in the entomophthoralean fungus zoophthora radicans. | the protease activity of a zoophthora radicans strain that was highly infective toward pieris brassicae (cabbage butterfly) larvae was compared with that of isogenic strains that were adapted to plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) larvae through serial passage. all strains produced three distinct serine proteases ranging in size from 25 to 37 kda; however, the original strain from p. brassicae also produced large amounts of an approximately 46 kda metalloprotease. subsequently, a cdna encodin ... | 2006 | 16788723 |
| pinoresinol: a lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar. | pinoresinol, a lignan of wide distribution in plants, is found to occur as a minor component in the defensive secretion produced by glandular hairs of caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae. the compound or a derivative is appropriated by the larva from its normal food plant (the cabbage, brassica oleracea). pinoresinol was shown to be absent from the secretion if the larva was given a cabbage-free diet but present in the effluent if that diet was supplemented with pinoresinol. pino ... | 2006 | 17030818 |
| eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors influence mortality of pieris brassicae larvae co-injected with fungal conidia. | influence of fungal species (conidia spores) on mortality of pieris brassicae larvae differed when injected into the larvae. the effects of b. bassiana (arsef-1151) were expressed in a conidial dose-dependent manner on mortality of the larvae. an increased and faster mortality of the larvae followed b. bassiana (arsef-1151) infection when the spores were co-injected with the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors (dexamethasone, naproxen, phenidone, esculetin). these compounds express different mode ... | 2006 | 17048247 |
| bacillus sphaericus mosquitocidal toxin (mtx) and pierisin: the enigmatic offspring from the family of adp-ribosyltransferases. | the mosquitocidal toxin (mtx) from bacillus sphaericus and the apoptosis-inducing pierisin-1 from the cabbage butterfly pieris rapae are two of the most intriguing members of the family of adp-ribosyltransferases. they are both approximately 100 kda proteins, composed of an n-terminal adp-ribosyltransferase (approximately 27 kda) and a c-terminal putative binding and translocation domain (approximately 70 kda) consisting of four ricin-b-like domains. while they both share structural homologies, ... | 2006 | 17076664 |
| the mutation r(423)s in the bacillus thuringiensis hybrid toxin cryaac slightly increases toxicity for mamestra brassicae l. | bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin is 100 times less toxic than cry1c to mamestra brassicae. an r(423)s mutation abolishes cry1ac toxin proteolysis in m. brassicae gut juice but does not increase its toxicity to this insect. the cryaac hybrid toxin (1ac/1ac/1ca) is toxic to m. brassicae but is susceptible to gut protease digestion at the r(423) residue. accordingly we have investigated the effect of the r(423)s mutation in cryaac on its toxicity for m. brassicae and pieris brassicae. bioassays ... | 2007 | 17306294 |
| molecular evidence of the involvement of the nucleotide excision repair (ner) system in the repair of the mono(adp-ribosyl)ated dna adduct produced by pierisin-1, an apoptosis-inducing protein from the cabbage butterfly. | pierisin-1 is a potent apoptosis-inducing protein found in the pupal extract of the cabbage white butterfly. pierisin-1 catalyzes the mono(adp-ribosyl)ation of the 2'-deoxyguanosine residue and produces a bulky adduct, n2-(adp-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (n2-adpr-dg) in dna. here, we examined the involvement of the nucleotide excision repair (ner) system in the removal of n2-adpr-dg in escherichia coli (e. coli) and human cells. the results of mobility shift gel electrophoresis assays using a ... | 2007 | 17381135 |
| the ecology of bacillus thuringiensis on the phylloplane: colonization from soil, plasmid transfer, and interaction with larvae of pieris brassicae. | seedlings of clover (triflorium hybridum) were colonized by bacillus thuringiensis when spores and seeds were co-inoculated into soil. both a strain isolated in the vegetative form from the phylloplane of clover, 2810-s-4, and a laboratory strain, hd-1, were able to colonize clover to a density of about 1000 cfu/g leaf when seeds were sown in sterile soil and to a density of about 300 cfu/g leaf in nonsterile soil. a strain lacking the characteristic insecticidal crystal proteins produced a simi ... | 2008 | 17973155 |
| distribution of cytotoxic and dna adp-ribosylating activity in crude extracts from butterflies among the family pieridae. | cabbage butterflies, pieris rapae and pieris brassicae, contain strong cytotoxic proteins, designated as pierisin-1 and -2, against cancer cell lines. these proteins exhibit dna adp-ribosylating activity. to determine the distribution of substances with cytotoxicity and dna adp-ribosylating activity among other species, crude extracts from 20 species of the family pieridae were examined for cytotoxicity in hela cells and dna adp-ribosylating activity. both activities were detected in extracts fr ... | 2008 | 18256183 |
| structure and mode of action of a mosquitocidal holotoxin. | the crystal structure of the full mosquitocidal toxin from bacillus sphaericus (mtx(holo)) has been determined at 2.5 a resolution by the molecular replacement method. the resulting structure revealed essentially the complete chain consisting of four ricin b-type domains curling around the catalytic domain in a hedgehog-like assembly. as the structure was virtually identical in three different crystal packings, it is probably not affected by packing contacts. the structure of mtx(holo) explains ... | 2008 | 18586267 |
| biologically active and c-amidated hinnavinii-38-asn produced from a trx fusion construct in escherichia coli. | the cabbage butterfly (artogeia rapae) antimicrobial peptide hinnavinii as a member of cecropin family is synthesized as 37 residues in size with an amidated lysine at c-terminus and shows the humoral immune response to a bacterial invasion. in this work, a synthetic gene for hinnavinii-38-asn (hin) with an additional amino acid asparagine residue containing amide group at c-terminus was cloned into pet-32a(+) vector to allow expression of hin as a trx fusion protein in escherichia coli strain b ... | 2008 | 19107394 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis naturally colonising brassica campestris var. chinensis leaves on neonate larvae of pieris brassicae. | the feeding of neonate larvae of pieris brassicae (order lepidoptera) on leaves of brassica plants that had been colonised by bacillus thuringiensis resulted in the death of 35% of the population within 72h. the bacteria multiplied in the cadavers, resulting in an increase of about 50-fold compared to the living insects. surviving insects showed no ill effects during the time of the study. there was negligible multiplication of b. thuringiensis in the frass. | 2009 | 19232351 |
| are diffusion models too simple? a comparison with telegraph models of invasion. | diffusion models of animal movement are often criticized because they assume animals have infinite velocity and completely random motion. to investigate the impact of these assumptions, i compared a diffusion model with a telegraph model of dispersal the telegraph model assumes organisms have finite velocity and tend to maintain their direction. i compared the models in two settings: (i) as models for dispersal of nonreproducing organisms and (ii) as models for range expansion of organisms that ... | 1993 | 19425956 |
| incidence of the major brassica pests in northwestern spain. | kale (brassica oleracea l. acephala group) crops are common in northwestern spain, where they are severely damaged by different insect pests. the damage notably affects the value of this crop because it is freshly consumed and fresh processed. the objective of this work was to determine the abundance and relative importance of the main lepidoptera pests of brassica crops for 6 yr at five localities in northwestern spain and to relate the seasonal changes of larval populations and environmental c ... | 2009 | 19449659 |
| molecular cloning of apoptosis-inducing pierisin-like proteins, from two species of white butterfly, pieris melete and aporia crataegi. | pierisin-1, present in cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, induces apoptosis against various kinds of cancer cell lines. another cabbage butterfly, pieris brassicae, also has an apoptosis-inducing protein, pierisin-2. these proteins exhibit dna adp-ribosylating activity. pierisin-like proteins are found to be distributed in subtribes pierina, aporiina and appiadina. in this study, we performed the cdna cloning of pierisin-like proteins designated pierisin-3 from gray-veined white, pieris melete, an ... | 2009 | 19631761 |
| assessing the susceptibility of cruciferous lepidoptera to cry1ba2 and cry1ca4 for future transgenic cruciferous vegetables. | advances in transgenic plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal gene(s) offer a promising alternative to traditional insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests on important cruciferous vegetable crops such as cabbage and cauliflower. a public-private partnership, the collaboration on insect management for brassicas in asia and africa (cimbaa), was formed in 2005 with the goal of developing dual-gene bt cauliflower and cabbage, initially for india, to replace the use of broa ... | 2009 | 20069851 |
| porphobilinogen synthase from the butterfly, pieris brassicae: purification and comparative characterization. | porphobilinogen represents a key building block of tetrapyrroles serving as functional ligands of many vitally important proteins. here we report the first purification of porphobilinogen synthase (pbgs) from whole insects by sequentially employing two modes of native electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels subsequent to more conventional procedures. using adults of pieris brassicae l. (lepidoptera: pieridae) we achieved approximately 10,000-fold purification with final yields of up to 25% of ele ... | 2007 | 20302542 |
| cell-free synthesis and characterization of a novel cytotoxic pierisin-like protein from the cabbage butterfly pieris rapae. | pierisin-like proteins comprise a growing family of adp-ribosyltransferases expressed in various species of white butterflies. the prototype pierisin-1 from the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, was identified as a potent apoptosis-inducing agent, acting on various types of carcinoma cell lines by mono-adp-ribosylation of dna. the characterization of pierisin-like proteins is hampered by its potent toxicity, which prevents its expression as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli. here we chara ... | 2010 | 21112350 |
| invertebrate pathogenicity and toxin-producing potential of strains of bacillus thuringiensis endemic to antarctica. | several strains of bacillus thuringiensis were previously isolated from soil in antarctica and appeared to have physiological adaptations to this cold, nutrient-poor environment. in spite of this they could produce abnormally large, parasporal crystals under laboratory conditions. here, they have been further characterised for toxin genes and invertebrate pathogenicity. all of the strains were positive in pcr assays for the cry1aa and cry2 genes. this was confirmed by sequence analysis and the p ... | 2011 | 21457716 |
| influence of various host plants on the consumption and utilization of food by pieris brassicae (linn.). | pieris brassicae (linn.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. it is present wherever its host plants occur, and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the lepidoptera. we investigated the affect of various host plants on the food consumption and utilization by p. brassicae. we quantified consumption of food, larval duration, pupal duration and weight on cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis), radish ( ... | 2011 | 22030306 |
| the hormonal control of diuresis in the cabbage white butterfly pieris brassicae. | the diuresis which follows the pupal-adult ecdysis of pieris brassicae is hormonally controlled. use of the isolated malpighian tubules as a bioassay shows the presence of substantial diuretic activity in homogenates of the brain and corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex. the hormone is probably produced in the brain and released from a storage site in the corpora cardiaca. the tubules of the butterfly are maximally responsive to the diuretic hormone at the time of eclosion. | 1992 | 190334 |
| [proteases of pieris brassicae. i. purification and properties]. | | 2016 | 4958397 |
| [juvenile hormone in diapausing pieris brassicae and mutations. tetrahydrofolic acid and pterins incubated in chrysalids, provoking ontogenic and mutagenic genetic information alterations in drosophila melanogaster]. | study of ampc phosphodiesterase shows presence of jh in diapausing chrysalids and antogonistic action of fh and pterines. study of farnesoldeshydrogenase and farnesal deshydrogenase in dm shows that fh4 and pterines inhibite fdh, active adh. conclusion is jh in diapause chrysalides is active factor with fh4 provoking genesis of pigmentary mutation, cellular proliferation or growth deficiencies. comparison with jh+fh4+ teromes incubated in bar (muller 5) mutants of dm in place of diapausing chrys ... | 1990 | 172004 |
| crystallization, crystal structure analysis and preliminary molecular model of the bilin binding protein from the insect pieris brassicae. | the bilin binding protein of the butterfly pieris brassicae has been prepared, crystallized and its crystal structure determined at high resolution using film and fast area detector intensity data. the crystallographic asymmetric unit contains a tetramer of identical subunits with a molecular weight of about 90,000. the crystal structure was determined by isomorphous replacement. use was made of the molecular symmetry to improve phases. a molecular interpretation of the electron density distribu ... | 2008 | 3656419 |
| [mutations and alterations in the transmission of genetic information in drosophila melanogaster by injection of diapausing chrysalids (pieris brassicae) treated with pterins]. | | 2015 | 4622603 |
| molecular structure of the bilin binding protein (bbp) from pieris brassicae after refinement at 2.0 a resolution. | the bilin binding protein (bbp) from the insect pieris brassicae has been analysed for amino acid sequence, spectral properties and three-dimensional structure. the crystal structure that had been determined by isomorphous replacement has been refined at 2.0 a (1 a = 0.1 nm) resolution to an r-value of 0.20. the asymmetric unit contains four independent subunits of bbp. the co-ordinate differences are 0.25 a, in accord with the estimated error in co-ordinates. the polypeptide chain fold is chara ... | 2012 | 3430616 |
| oviposition-induced changes in arabidopsis genome expression: anticipating your enemy? | plants have evolved exquisite ways to detect their enemies and are able to induce defenses responses tailored to their specific aggressors. insect eggs deposited on a leaf represent a future threat as larvae hatching from the egg will ultimately feed on the plant. although direct and indirect defenses towards oviposition have been documented, our knowledge of the molecular changes triggered by egg deposition is limited. using a whole-genome microarray, we recently analyzed the expression profile ... | 2007 | 19704745 |
| oviposition by pierid butterflies triggers defense responses in arabidopsis. | insect eggs represent a threat for the plant as hatching larvae rapidly start with their feeding activity. using a whole-genome microarray, we studied the expression profile of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) leaves after oviposition by two pierid butterflies. for pieris brassicae, the deposition of egg batches changed the expression of hundreds of genes over a period of 3 d after oviposition. the transcript signature was similar to that observed during a hypersensitive response or in lesion- ... | 2007 | 17142483 |
| uv-b irradiation changes specifically the secondary metabolite profile in broccoli sprouts: induced signaling overlaps with defense response to biotic stressors. | only a few environmental factors have such a pronounced effect on plant growth and development as ultraviolet light (uv). concerns have arisen due to increased uv-b radiation reaching the earth's surface as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion. ecologically relevant low to moderate uv-b doses (0.3-1 kj m(-2) d(-1)) were applied to sprouts of the important vegetable crop brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), and eco-physiological responses such as accumulation of non-volatile secondary ... | 2012 | 22773681 |
| arabidopsis myc transcription factors are the target of hormonal salicylic acid/jasmonic acid cross talk in response to pieris brassicae egg extract. | arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants recognize insect eggs and activate the salicylic acid (sa) pathway. as a consequence, expression of defense genes regulated by the jasmonic acid (ja) pathway is suppressed and larval performance is enhanced. cross talk between defense signaling pathways is common in plant-pathogen interactions, but the molecular mechanism mediating this phenomenon is poorly understood. here, we demonstrate that egg-induced sa/ja antagonism works independently of the apet ... | 2016 | 26884488 |
| antihistamine response: a dynamically refined function at the host-tick interface. | ticks counteract host inflammatory responses by secreting proteins from their saliva that compete for histamine binding. among these tick salivary proteins are lipocalins, antiparallel beta-barrel proteins that sequester small molecules. a tick salivary lipocalin has been structurally resolved and experimentally shown to efficiently compete for histamine with its native receptor (e.g., h1 histamine receptor). to date, molecular dynamics simulations focus on protein-protein and protein-ligand int ... | 2014 | 25358914 |