| improvement of the attractiveness of spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone, and its possible use in safety belts around cultivated areas to control the pest in israel. | a comparison of the field attractiveness of five samples of american-synthesized and one sample of japanese-synthesized (z,e)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-01 acetate (9,11-tdda), the sex pheromone of spodoptera littoralis boisd. and s. litura (f.), showed that traps baited with one of the american-produced samples and the japanese product were equally effective in attracting and capturing s. littoralis males in cotton and alfalfa fields of israel. optimum captures were obtained for periods up to three m ... | 1975 | 1204592 |
| host range of clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia, a mosquitocidal anaerobic bacterium. | clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia (c.b.m.) is toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, we quantified its toxicity to the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. caspius, ae. detritus, anopheles stephensi, an. gambiae, culex pipiens and cx. quinquefasciatus. anopheles larvae are the most susceptible, followed by ae. detritus and ae. caspius, then culex and other aedes larvae. according to mosquito species, the lc50 varies from 7 x 10(3) to 1.3 x 10(6) cells/ml. three concentration ... | 1992 | 1357087 |
| role of the gut proteinases from mosquito larvae in the mechanism of action and the specificity of the bacillus sphaericus toxin. | gut proteinases from larvae of mosquito species both susceptible and not susceptible to bacillus sphaericus converted the 43-kda toxin to a 40-kda polypeptide exhibiting enhanced cytotoxicity to mosquito cell cultures. the toxin was also activated by gut proteinases from the nonsusceptible lepidoptera spodoptera littoralis in vitro and in vivo. therefore, the specificity of bacillus sphaericus toxin does not seem to be determined by gut proteinase action. however, susceptibility of mosquito cell ... | 1990 | 1980629 |
| cloning of the genome of a densovirus and rescue of infectious virions from recombinant plasmid in the insect host spodoptera littoralis. | we have cloned an infectious genome of the junonia coenia densonucleosis virus (jcdnv) into the bacterial plasmid pbr322. the viral genome could be rescued from the recombinant plasmid pbrj by transfection of pbrj dna to sensitive spodoptera littoralis larvae. pbrj dna produced a typical viral infection and a comparable percentage of larvae became infected following inoculation of equivalent amounts of purified virion dna or cloned viral dna. virions extracted from transfected larvae were indist ... | 1990 | 2219730 |
| bacillus thuringiensis potency bioassays against heliothis armigera, earias insulana, and spodoptera littoralis larvae based on standardized diets. | bacillus thuringiensis screening programs based on the official potency bioassay using third-instar larvae and on a neonate bioassay were developed for heliothis armigera, earias insulana, and spondoptera littoralis. in these bioassays, the diets were standardized to be suitable, with minor modifications, for feeding of the three lepidopterans. the bioassay protocol was based on determination of the lc50 of the microbial standard hd-1-s-80 in the insects susceptible to b. thuringiensis var. kurs ... | 1990 | 2351843 |
| induction of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell cultures. | a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) infection was initiated in a spodoptera littoralis cell line when haemocytes from granulosis virus (gv)-infected s. littoralis larvae and ultra-violet-inactivated sendai virus were added. | 1985 | 2982357 |
| control of spodoptera littoralis larvae on cotton in turkey with dithiolane iminophosphate insecticides. | | 1973 | 4690274 |
| field evaluation of the four synthetic components of the sex pheromone of spodoptera littoralis and their improvement with an antioxidant. | | 1974 | 4827149 |
| labelling the adults of the tobacco caterpillar spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (prodenia littura f.; noctuidae: lepidoptera) with p32. | | 1971 | 5556459 |
| utilization of fodder yeast and agro-industrial by-products in production of spores and biologically - active endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | a number of newly-devised fermentation media were evaluated with respect to their ability to support sporulation and biosynthesis of endotoxins by strains of bacillus thuringiensis that are biologically active against spodoptera littoralis, heliothis armigera, and spodoptera exigua. fodder yeast from dried cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a complete mono-component medium for production of highly active spore-delta-endotoxin complexes from b. thur., vars. entomocidus, kurstaki a ... | 1983 | 6666415 |
| nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | 1286 nt portion of the 3.1 kbp hindiii-k fragment of the spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (simnpv) dna genome has been sequenced. the sequence contains the polyhedrin gene preceded by a highly-repeated agataa-rich sequence. with 249 amino acids, simnpv polyhedrin is the longest known polyhedrin. | 1994 | 8049274 |
| electron-microscopic studies on hemocytes of the egyptian cottonworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) infected with a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus, as compared to noninfected hemocytes. i. noninfected hemocytes. | | 1969 | 5385137 |
| isolation of large and small plaque variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. brief report. | variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus which produce large (1.4 mm) or small (0.5 mm) plaques on spodoptera littoralis cells have been isolated. yields of extracellular virus and polyhedra by the large plaque variant were six-fold higher and 140-fold lower, respectively, than those obtained with the small plaque variant. however the two variants could not be distinguished when spodoptera frugiperda cells were used. | 1985 | 3893392 |
| replication of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a newly established mamestra brassicae cell line. | a continuous cell line, designated mbl-3, was newly established from minced neonate larvae of the cabbage armyworm, mamestra brassicae. this new cell line is heteroploid, containing triploid cells predominantly at the frequency of about 50%. doubling time of the cell population is 33 hrs. the akutsu isolate of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mbnpv) was examined for replication in 16 continuous cell lines, including the cell line mbl-3, from seven lepidoptera species: mamestra br ... | 1995 | 8578995 |
| infectivity assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using spodoptera littoralis cells. | tissue culture id50 and plaque assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, using the spodoptera littoralis cell line hpb-sl, were developed. direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used spodoptera frugiperda cell line iplb-sf-21. both infectious tissue culture supernatants or virus isolated directly from polyhedra could be titrated. it was important to use low cell seeding densities in the ass ... | 1985 | 3882730 |
| insect antifeedant activity and hot taste for humans of selected natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. | the antifeedant activity towards larvae of leptinotarsa decemlineata and spodoptera littoralis and the hot taste for the human tongue have been determined for natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. among the bicyclic dialdehydes the biological activity has been found to be dependent on the distance between the two aldehyde groups; tricyclic and pentacyclic dialdehydes are inactive in both tests. a short synthetic route to (-)- and (+)-polygodial is reported. | 1987 | 3655790 |
| studies on autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in spodoptera littoralis cells including virus-induced protein synthesis. | the replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera littoralis cells has been investigated. various cytopathic changes were detected by light and electron microscopy and progeny enveloped virus particles, some occluded within polyhedra, were later seen in the nucleus of infected cells. infectious virus was released into the growth medium and increased exponentially from ca. 10 to 24 hours post infection and then slowly increased over the next 4 days. in compari ... | 1986 | 3510608 |
| cloning and expression of the lepidopteran toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | the bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain 3a produces a proteinaceous parasporal crystal toxic to larvae of a variety of lepidopteran pests including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm), heliothis zeae, h. virescens and boarmia selenaria. by cloning of individual plasmids of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli, we localized a gene coding for the delta-endotoxin on the b. thuringiensis plasmid of about 17 kb designated ptn4. following partial digestion of the b. thuringi ... | 1986 | 3013729 |
| synergistic activity of a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin and a bacterial endochitinase against spodoptera littoralis larvae. | in an attempt to increase the insecticidal effect of the delta-endotoxin crystal protein cryic on the relatively cry-insensitive larvae of spodoptera littoralis, a combination of cryic and endochitinase was used. cryic comprising the first 756 amino acids from bacillus thuringiensis k26-21 and endochitinase chiaii encoded by serratia marcescens were separately produced in escherichia coli carrying the genes in overexpression vectors. the endochitinase on its own, even at very low concentrations ... | 1996 | 8837413 |
| dna homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other baculoviruses. | the dna sequence homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and five other lepidopteran npvs were studied by hybridization of 32p-labeled npv dnas to southern blots of restriction-endonuclease-digested npv dna. the s. littoralis npv (slmnpv) shows extensive dna sequence homology through most of the genome with s. frugiperda npv and s. exigua npv. heliothis armigera npv, h. zea npv, and autographa californica npv (acmnpv) share fewer regions of homology ... | 1985 | 2995274 |
| multiplicity of delta-endotoxin genes with different insecticidal specificities in bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the hypothesis according to which multiple and different delta-endotoxin genes could determine the host-range specificity of the lepidopteran strains of bacillus thuringiensis is being checked in the case of strains aizawai 7.29 (serotype 7) and entomocidus 601 (serotype 6). from these strains, several crystal protein genes, belonging to different structural types, have been isolated. one of the cloned genes that is not present in strain entomocidus 601 is duplicated in strain aizawai 7.29. this ... | 1988 | 2840555 |
| a physical map of spodoptera littoralis b-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. | a physical map for the genome of spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cottonworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus of b-type (s1mnpv-b) [cherry cl, summers md (1985) j invertebr pathol 46: 289-295] was prepared using the restriction endonucleases smai, sfii, noti, apai, kpni, bsteii, psti, saci, and hindiii. the size of the genome was estimated to 136 kbp for the morocco isolate (s1mnpv-m2) and to 135 kbp for the lyon isolate (s1mnpv-l4). hindiii-k was used as the zero-point of the map because it hybridize ... | 1989 | 2647060 |
| nucleotide sequence and analysis of the n-terminal coding region of the spodoptera-active delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2711bp dna segment which contains the n-terminal coding sequence and the 5' flanking region of a crystal protein gene (bta) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29 has been determined. the coding region encodes an 824 amino-acid polypeptide corresponding to a carboxy-terminally truncated delta-endotoxin specifically active against the cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the bta gene with that of the 4.5, 5. ... | 1989 | 2548060 |
| plasmid transfer between strains of bacillus thuringiensis infecting galleria mellonella and spodoptera littoralis. | to determine the possibility of plasmid transfer occurring between strains of bacillus thuringiensis in infected lepidopterous larvae, galleria mellonella and spodoptera littoralis were infected with two or more strains of b. thuringiensis and the resulting bacteria from the dead insects were examined for plasmid transfer. transfer rates of plasmids coding for crystal production and tetracycline resistance were high, reaching levels similar to those obtained in laboratory broth cultures. transfe ... | 1990 | 2383006 |
| cloning and expression of the lepidopteran toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var sotto in escherichia coli. | during sporulation, bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto produces a parasporal crystalline protein which is toxic for the silk-worm, bombyx mori and the cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis. the gene coding this crystal protein is present in a single plasmid. the plasmid dna was isolated, purified and physically mapped using restriction endonuclease enzymes (r.e.). the gene coding the delta-endotoxin was inserted into escherichia coli-jm103, using cloning vector puc8. transformed e. coli cells w ... | 1991 | 1791407 |
| insect lysozymes from three species of lepidoptera: their structural relatedness to the c (chicken) type lysozyme. | sequence studies of the n-terminal halves of the lysozymes isolated from bombyx mori, gallera mellonella and spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera) allow us to classify these enzymes among the c (chicken) type lysozymes. | 1979 | 537106 |
| enhancer element, repetitive sequences and gene organization in an 8-kbp region containing the polyhedrin gene of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv) shows only a distant genetic relationship to other npvs. in this report we describe the gene organization of an 8-kbp region of the splimnpv which contains the polyhedrin gene. the polyhedrin transcription initiation sites were mapped and the sequence and gene organization of an 8-kbp region of splimnpv were determined. the sequences downstream of the polyhedrin gene showed colinearity with the gene organization of other npvs. ... | 1997 | 9155869 |
| identification and partial purification of a bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin binding protein from spodoptera littoralis gut membranes. | immunoblotting experiments were performed using cryic and cryia(c) bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins to detect the presence of specific toxin binding proteins on spodoptera littoralis brush border membrane vesicles. the cryic toxin binds two proteins of 40 and 65 kda and the cryia(c) binds a protein of 40 kda. the cryia(c) toxin also binds faintly to a 120 kda protein on s. littoralis brush border membrane vesicles as does a polyclonal antiserum raised against a putative cryia(c) 120 kda b ... | 1993 | 8380781 |
| leucine aminopeptidase: an inducible component of the defense response in lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). | a leucine aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.1) cdna clone (dr57) that was induced in response to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (p.s. tomato) infection was isolated using a subtractive hybridization-enriched cdna probe. genomic dna blot analysis showed that the tomato genome had two leucine aminopeptidase genes. the levels of dr57 mrnas after p.s. tomato infection and mechanical wounding were determined in two inbred tomato lines that exhibit susceptibility and resistance to p.s. tomato. dr57 mrnas wer ... | 1993 | 8234334 |
| immunological analysis of developmental changes in ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase expression in the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | the developmental changes in ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase during the sixth larval instar of the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, were investigated. the specific activity of mitochondrial ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase in the fat-body exhibited a distinct peak at 72 h, at which time the larvae stop feeding. immunoblot analyses, using antibodies raised against components of vertebrate mitochondrial steroidogenic enzyme systems [anti-(cytochrome p-450scc), anti-(cytochrome p-450(11) beta), anti-ad ... | 1994 | 8192659 |
| endogenous protease-activated 66-kda toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki active against spodoptera littoralis. | the anti-lepidopteran toxin from sporulated bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cells, generated by the proteolytic action of endogenous protease(s) on the protoxin, was purified and studied to identify the effect of such proteolysis on the biochemical nature of the toxin. the active toxin was purified employing anion-exchange chromatography to absolute homogeneity, as indicated by sds-page and western blotting. antisera to the purified toxin (66 kda) crossreacted with the protoxin (132 kda) ... | 1998 | 9485601 |
| nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene region of helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus: placement of the virus in lepidopteran nuclear polyhedrosis virus group ii. | the polyhedrin gene (polh) of helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hzsnpv) was identified and shown by sequence analysis of the ecori i genomic fragment to encode a 246 amino acid polypeptide that has greater than 80% sequence identity to known polyhedrins. it is preceded by an at-rich region containing the conserved late promoter motif taag, which was identified as a transcription start point. downstream of polh there were several similarities in genome arrangement to ... | 1994 | 7964631 |
| insecticidal, acaricidal and synergistic effects of soosan, pancratium maritimum extracts and constituents. | in assessing the pesticidal activity of soosan, p. maritimum, the bulbs and leaves were extracted using acetone/ethanol & ethanol as solvents and mosquito larvae c. pipiens, as a test organism. the actone/ethanol extract of bulbs was more toxic (lc50: 25 ppm) than that of the leaves (lc50: 75 ppm). crude alkaloids, lycorine, terpenes & sterols and fixed oil were isolated from soosan bulb. their percentages were: 0.193, 0.02, 0.13 and 3.3%, respectively. the acetone/ethanol extract showed a stron ... | 1998 | 9617056 |
| the in vivo production of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the in vivo production of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) of the egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis was studied experimentally. larvae (7 days old) of 30-50 mg were experimentally infected with a range of npv doses then harvested alive at various times after dosing to determine the effect of dose and incubation time on npv productivity. maximum npv production achieved after 7 days incubation was 1.86 x 10(9) polyhedral inclusion bodies (pibs) per larvae using an inoculum of 1 x 10(4) ... | 1998 | 9628227 |
| the single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus of buzura suppressaria encodes a p10 protein. | the p10 gene of buzura suppressaria single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (busunpv) was identified by virtue of its localization downstream from the autographa californica (ac) mnpv p26 homologue. the busunpv p10 gene encodes a protein of 94 amino acids. the amino acid sequence contains domains characteristic of baculovirus p10 proteins, e.g. a coiled-coil domain, a proline-rich motif and a positively charged c terminus. the highest amino acid homologies were found with the spodoptera littora ... | 1998 | 9634101 |
| identification and characterization of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type b lef-3 gene. | we have identified a gene from the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type b (splinpv-b) with several characteristics that suggest that it is homologous to the lef-3 genes of the autographa californica and orgyia pseudotsugata npvs (acmnpv and opmnpv, respectively). the splinpv-b lef-3 gene was mapped between 43.6 and 45.5 map units of the splinpv-b genome. northern blot analysis showed that splinpv-b lef-3 was expressed as a 1.6 kb transcript at 5 h post infection (p.i.), reached high l ... | 1998 | 9638145 |
| isolation and entomotoxic properties of the xenorhabdus nematophilus f1 lecithinase. | xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with nematodes of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae, respectively, were shown to produce different lipases when they were grown on suitable nutrient agar. substrate specificity studies showed that photorhabdus spp. exhibited a broad lipase activity, while most of the xenorhabdus spp. secreted a specific lecithinase. xenorhabdus spp. occur spontaneously in two variants, phase i and phase i ... | 1998 | 9647801 |
| involvement of chitinases of bacillus thuringiensis during pathogenesis in insects. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ips78 and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai hd133 both secreted exochitinase activity when grown in a medium containing chitin. allosamidin, a specific chitinase inhibitor, inhibited activity from both strains, with ic50 values of about 50 microm with colloidal chitin as substrate and between 1 and 10 microm with 4-methylumbelliferyl-diacetylchitobioside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-triacetylchitotrioside as substrates. the involvement of these chitinolytic ac ... | 1998 | 9720040 |
| a comparison and analysis of the toxicity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin on spodoptera littoralis and bombyx mori. | the binding of l-[35s]methionine in vivo labelled cryic toxin to its receptor in brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv's) prepared from spodoptera littoralis and bombyx mori was studied. both insect species were highly susceptible to the cryic toxin in bioassays, b. mori being 7-fold more sensitive to cryic than s. littoralis (lc50's of 10 ng/cm2 and 70 ng/cm2, respectively). competition and direct binding experiments revealed saturable high-affinity binding sites on bbmv's from both insects which ... | 1994 | 7957870 |
| biological activity of secondary metabolites from bupleurum salicifolium (umbelliferae). | secondary metabolites from bupleurum salicifolium were tested against viruses, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the yeast candida albicans, the nematodes globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis, the insect spodoptera littoralis and the crustacean artemia salina. these compounds were also tested against tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. the polyacetylene 8s-heptadeca-2(z)-9(z)-diene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol exhibited toxicity for a. salina and specific antibiotic activity against gram-positiv ... | 1995 | 7843329 |
| toxicity and receptor binding properties of a bacillus thuringiensis cryic toxin active against both lepidoptera and diptera. | this study describes an investigation into the relationship among toxicity, specificity, and binding of cryic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai hd-229. in vivo bioassays of larvae using inclusions (aedes aegypti) or solubilized toxin (spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, and manduca sexta) revealed that cryic was toxic to both dipteran and lepidopteran larvae. in vitro saturation binding assays with cryic toxin labeled in vivo with [35s]me ... | 1999 | 9878290 |
| the wild-type autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus induces apoptosis of spodoptera littoralis cells. | spodoptera littoralis cells infected with the autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) yielded significantly lower budded virus titers than spodoptera frugiperda-infected cells and produced very low levels of polyhedrin. relative to acmnpv-infected s. frugiperda sf9 cells viral dna replication was severely reduced in spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells. microscopic examination of sl2-infected cells revealed progressive cell blebbing starting at 6-8 hr postinfection and cul ... | 1995 | 7778284 |
| toxicity of microcystin-lr, isolated from microcystis aeruginosa, against various insect species. | microcystin-lr (mc-lr), isolated from the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa kuetzing emend. elenkin strain ccap 1450/4 was tested for biological activity against four species of insect and the invertebrate artemia salina. the efficacy of pesticidal activity was compared with various insecticides. the 24 hr ld50 value for third instar diamond-backed moth, plutella xylostella, on ingestion from a treated leaf surface was 1.0 micrograms cm2, compared with a 72 hr ld50 value for rotenone of 2.0 ... | 1995 | 7676468 |
| evidence against the exon theory of genes derived from the triose-phosphate isomerase gene. | the exon theory of genes proposes that the introns of protein-encoding nuclear genes are remnants of the dna spacers between ancient minigenes. the discovery of an intron at a predicted position in the triose-phosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.1) gene of culex mosquitoes has been hailed as an evidential pillar of the theory. we have found that that intron is also present in aedes mosquitoes, which are closely related to culex, but not in the phylogenetically more distant anopheles, nor in the fly cal ... | 1995 | 7667319 |
| the alpha-5 segment of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin: in vitro activity, ion channel formation and molecular modelling. | a peptide with a sequence corresponding to the highly conserved alpha-5 segment of the cry delta-endotoxin family (amino acids 193-215 of bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia [gazit and shai (1993) biochemistry 32, 3429-3436]), was investigated with respect to its interaction with insect membranes, cytotoxicity in vitro towards spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) cells, and its propensity to form ion channels in planar lipid membranes (plms). selectively labelled analogues of alpha-5 at either the n-terminal ... | 1994 | 7529493 |
| replication of spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus in permissive and non-permissive lepidopteran cell lines. | the spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) was inoculated to eight lepidopteran cell lines derived from spodoptera exigua (se301), spodoptera frugiperda (sf21aeii), spodoptera littoralis (cls-79), spodoptera litura (spli-221), pseudaletia separata (lese-11), trichoplusia ni (hi-5), plutella xylostella (pxl/c) and bombyx mori (bmn4). the productive infection of semnpv was observed only in se301 cells. however, a dot-blot hybridization analysis revealed that semnpv dna r ... | 1998 | 10358729 |
| mutations of loop 2 and loop 3 residues in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta-endotoxin affect insecticidal specificity and initial binding to spodoptera littoralis and aedes aegypti midgut membranes. | site-directed mutagenesis was used to examine the role of predicted loops 2 (374qpwp377) and 3 (436qrsgtpf442) in domain ii of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta endotoxin for insecticidal specificity and receptor binding. q374e, s438f, and g439a substitutions resulted in near or complete loss of toxicity toward both spodoptera littoralis and aedes aegypti. r437k, r437i, and g439v mutants exhibited significantly reduced toxicity to s. littoralis and a. aegypti, while mutations of t440, p441, ... | 1999 | 10398834 |
| functional expression of an alpha anti-insect scorpion neurotoxin in insect cells and lepidopterous larvae. | the leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus alpha anti-insect toxin (lqh alpha it) cdna was engineered into the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome. insect cells infected with the recombinant virus secreted a functional lqh alpha it polypeptide. spodoptera littoralis and heliothis armigera larvae injected with recombinant budded virus, showed typical intoxication symptoms. this recombinant virus showed enhanced insecticidal potency against h. armigera larvae compared with w ... | 1995 | 7498537 |
| pesticide regulations in egypt to avoid hazards to the environment and human health. | this paper describes the regulation of pesticides in egypt and the ways these regulations protect the environment and human health. the role of ddt and other chemical pesticides in the protection of plants and animals from disease and infection. using as an example, cotton and two of its pests, the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, (boisd.) and the pink bollworm, pectinophera gossypiella (saund.), measures taken to minimize pesticide applications are presented. finally, the regulatory stru ... | 1980 | 7440914 |
| immunologically unrelated heliothis sp. and spodoptera sp. midgut membrane-proteins bind bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) delta-endotoxin. | the bacillus thuringiensis toxins, cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c) and cryic were used in a ligand-blot assay to detect specific toxin-binding proteins in the brush-border membranes of heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua and spodoptera litura. while cryia(a) and cryia(b) always recognize the same protein(s) in a given species, cryia(c) and cryic were found to bind to other proteins. polyclonal antibodies directed against the cryia(b) binding protein of h. ... | 1993 | 8383036 |
| bioactive alkaloids from the tropical marine sponge axinella carteri. | analysis of the tropical marine sponge axinella carteri afforded six unusual alkaloids, including the new brominated guanidine derivative 3-bromo-hymenialdisine. the structure elucidation of the new alkaloid is described. the alkaloid patterns of sponges collected in indonesia or in the philippines were shown to be qualitatively identical suggesting de novo synthesis by the sponge or by endosymbiontic microorganisms rather than uptake by filter feeding. all alkaloids were screened for insecticid ... | 1995 | 8579685 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of an ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene of spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (slmnpv) is a member of the baculoviridae that shows a distant genetic relationship to the prototype autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv). using an acmnpv gene-specific probe, we identified and mapped an ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene in the genome of slmnpv. sequence determination of a part from the hybridizing dna fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1548 nucleotides that exhibits 38% and 44% identity to the ... | 1995 | 8808334 |
| digestion of delta-endotoxin by gut proteases may explain reduced sensitivity of advanced instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis to cryic. | the present study describes the correlation between gut protease activity of lepidopteran larvae of different instars, the inactivation of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins in crystalline and noncrystalline forms, and the reduced susceptibility of advanced larval instars of spodoptera littoralis to the toxin. the original assembly of delta-endotoxins in a crystal structure is essential for causing efficient larval mortality. denaturation and renaturation (d/r) of delta-endotoxin crystals i ... | 1996 | 8814783 |
| construction of new insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis recombinant strains by using the sporulation non-dependent expression system of cryiiia and a site specific recombination vector. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxins are safe biological insecticidal proteins whose usefulness has long been recognized. the first commercialized bt insecticidal formulations were composed of spore-crystal preparations derived from wild-type strains. these products generally have a limited insecticidal host range and several genetically modified strains have, therefore, been constructed using transformation procedures. however, addition of a new delta-endotoxin gene to strains already h ... | 1996 | 8818275 |
| insecticidal and mutagenic evaluation of two annonaceous acetogenins. | annonaceous acetogenins represent a new class of bioactive compounds whose primary mode of action is the inhibition of nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. given the potential pesticidal use of such a class of compounds, we have further evaluated the antifeedant and insecticidal effects of squamocin and annonacin, two annonaceous acetogenins, on spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and myzus persicae. additionally, to partially assess their environmental risk, we have also tested their m ... | 2000 | 10869199 |
| accumulation of a maize proteinase inhibitor in response to wounding and insect feeding, and characterization of its activity toward digestive proteinases of spodoptera littoralis larvae. | the mpi gene encodes a maize proteinase inhibitor (mpi) protein whose mrna accumulates in response to mechanical wounding. in this study, mpi gene expression in response to different types of damage was investigated. in mechanically damaged leaves of maize (zea mays l.), mpi mrna accumulation was affected by the degree of damage inflicted on the leaf. consecutive wounds resulted in higher levels of mpi transcripts. the mpi protein was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. polyclonal antibo ... | 2000 | 10923704 |
| a polymerase chain reaction for the detection of nucleopolyhedroviruses in infected insects: the fate of the spodoptera littoralis virus in locusta migratoria. | the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (slnpv) is a potential pest control agent of spodoptera spp. as part of our studies to establish the use of this virus, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method was developed for the detection of viral dna in infected insects. pcr amplification of the polyhedrin sequences enabled the detection of low levels of viral dna directly from viral occlusion bodies or from total larval dna. the use of different sets of synthetic dna primers allowed us ... | 1996 | 8882942 |
| four new bioactive manzamine-type alkaloids from the philippine marine sponge xestospongia ashmorica. | analysis of the philippine marine sponge xestospongia ashmorica afforded four new manzamine congeners 1-4 and four known compounds 5 and 7-9. compound 1 is the 6-deoxy derivative of manzamine x, while 2-4 are the n-oxides of manzamine j (5), 3,4-dihydromanzamine a (6), and manzamine a (7), respectively. the structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established on the basis of nmr spectroscopic (1h, 13c, cosy, 1h-detected direct, and long-range 13c-1h correlations) and mass spectrometric ... | 1996 | 8946747 |
| comparative analysis of the granulin regions of the phthorimaea operculella and spodoptera littoralis granuloviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of two cloned restriction fragments encompassing the granulin genes from the granuloviruses of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella, phopgv, and the egyptian cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis, spligv, have been determined. although both viruses are able to infect the same ph. operculella cell line, their granulins do not cluster in the same phylogenetic branches. phopgv ganulin is closely related to cydia pomonella gv (cpgv) and cryptophlebia leucotreta gv ... | 2000 | 11129630 |
| are odorant-binding proteins involved in odorant discrimination? | pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea of nine moth species belonging to six families and three superfamilies of lepidoptera were immunolabelled with an antiserum against the pheromone-binding protein of antheraea polyphemus. strong immunolabelling of the sensillum lymph was observed in all long sensilla trichodea of a. polyphemus, a. pernyi (saturniidae), bombyx mori (bombycidae) and manduca sexta (sphingidae). very weak labelling was found with all sensilla trichodea of dendrolimus kikuchii (l ... | 1996 | 8985600 |
| persistent expression of a newly characterized hyposoter didymator polydnavirus gene in long-term infected lepidopteran cell lines. | an hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (hdiv) gene was stably maintained and efficiently transcribed in lepidopteran cell lines more than 3 years after hdiv infection. this k-gene had two introns and the fully spliced cdna, named k19, comprised a short open reading frame and a long 3'-untranslated region with 13 imperfectly repeated sequences (44 to 102 nt). transcripts related to the k-gene were detected in several long-term infected cell lines (sf9, spodoptera littoralis haemocytes, trichoplusia ni ... | 2001 | 11257204 |
| a synthetic cryic gene, encoding a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, confers spodoptera resistance in alfalfa and tobacco. | spodoptera species, representing widespread polyphagous insect pests, are resistant to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins used thus far as insecticides in transgenic plants. here we describe the chemical synthesis of a cryic gene by a novel template directed ligation-pcr method. this simple and economical method to construct large synthetic genes can be used when routine resynthesis of genes is required. chemically phosphorylated adjacent oligonucleotides of the gene to be synthesized are a ... | 1996 | 8986755 |
| transcriptional analysis and promoter activity of the spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene. | the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) of spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv) is a homologue of the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) egt gene, which has been found to block insect moulting. infection of larvae with an egt-deleted acmnpv resulted in enhanced mortality as compared to infection with the wild-type virus. consequently, deletion of an egt gene has been proposed as a tempting approach for enhancing the insecticidal properties of baculovirus ... | 1997 | 9018073 |
| identification, transcription and sequence analysis of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) dna polymerase gene. | sequence analysis of a 6.4 kb dna region from the spodoptera littoralis multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) revealed a large open reading frame (orf) encoding a predicted polypeptide of 998 amino acid (aa) residues with a molecular mass of 114.93 kda, located between 47.2-52.3 m.u. on the splinpv genome. comparative sequence analyses demonstrated that the orf encodes a dna polymerase gene (dnapol) that contains conserved exonuclease domains and dna polymerase motifs found in many pr ... | 2001 | 11315640 |
| two distinct hemolytic activities in xenorhabdus nematophila are active against immunocompetent insect cells. | xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp. are major insect bacterial pathogens symbiotically associated with nematodes. these bacteria are transported by their nematode hosts into the hemocoel of the insect prey, where they proliferate within hemolymph. in this work we report that wild strains belonging to different species of both genera are able to produce hemolysin activity on blood agar plates. using a hemocyte monolayer bioassay, cytolytic activity against immunocompetent cells from the hemoly ... | 2001 | 11375158 |
| expression of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus apoptotic suppressor gene p35 in nonpermissive spodoptera littoralis cells. | apoptosis was postulated as the main barrier to replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) in a spodoptera littoralis sl2 cell line (n. chejanovsky and e. gershburg, virology 209:519-525, 1995). thus, we hypothesized that the viral apoptotic suppressor gene p35 is either poorly expressed or nonfunctional in acmnpv-infected sl2 cells. these questions were addressed by first determining the steady-state levels of the p35 product, p35, in acmnpv-infected sl2 cells ... | 1997 | 9311840 |
| genomic localization and nucleotide sequence of a lef-8 gene of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | a gene similar to lef-8 of the autographa californica (ac) nucleopolyhedrovirus (mnpv) was identified in the spodoptera littoralis (spli) mnpv. the splimnpv lef-8-like gene was localized on the genomic map between 26.9 and 29 map units and is flanked by a chitinase gene and p47 gene. this gene arrangement differs from that of similar genes in the acmnpv genome, where the lef-8 gene is located about 62 kbp from the chitinase gene and about 7 kbp from the p47 gene. sequence analyses of the lef-8 g ... | 1997 | 9354263 |
| bioactive pyridoacridine alkaloids from the micronesian sponge oceanapia sp. | the micronesian sponge oceanapia sp. afforded three pyridoacridine alkaloids: the known compounds kuanoniamine c (1) and kuanoniamine d (2), as well as the new n-deacyl derivative (3) of the kuanoniamines. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited insecticidal activity toward neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect spodoptera littoralis (lc50 of 156 and 59 ppm, respectively), when incorporated into artificial diet. both compounds also showed toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test with a lc50 of 37 ... | 1998 | 9514015 |
| opposite effects on spodoptera littoralis larvae of high expression level of a trypsin proteinase inhibitor in transgenic plants | this work illustrates potential adverse effects linked with the expression of proteinase inhibitor (pi) in plants used as a strategy to enhance pest resistance. tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi) and arabidopsis [heynh.] ecotype wassilewskija) transgenic plants expressing the mustard trypsin pi 2 (mti-2) at different levels were obtained. first-instar larvae of the egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis boisd.) were fed on detached leaves of these plants. the high level of mti-2 expre ... | 1998 | 9808744 |
| comparative studies of suidatrestin, a specific inhibitor of trehalases. | suidatrestin, isolated from a streptomyces strain, was characterized as a new trehalase inhibitor. its inhibitory potential was 7 to 50-fold higher than that of validamycin when tested against insect, fungal and mammalian trehalases. the kinetic properties of suidatrestin were studied in vitro with trehalases from flight muscle mitochondria of the fly, protophormia terraenovae, from larval midgut of the moth, spodoptera littoralis, and from porcine kidney, as well as with maltase from yeast. sui ... | 1998 | 9854811 |
| isolation of an apoptosis suppressor gene of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infected with mutants of the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) which lack a functional p35 gene undergo apoptosis, aborting the viral infection. the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (slnpv) was able to suppress apoptosis triggered by vdeltap35k/pol+, an acmnpv p35 null mutant. to identify the putative apoptotic suppressor gene of slnpv, overlapping cosmid clones representing the entire slnpv genome were individually cotransfected along ... | 1999 | 9882332 |
| stereospecificity of an enzymatic monoene 1,4-dehydrogenation reaction: conversion of (z)-11-tetradecenoic acid into (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienoic acid. | in this article, we report the first stereochemical study of an enzymatic 1,4-dehydrogenation reaction, namely, the transformation of (z)-11-tetradecenoic acid into (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienoic acid, involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis of the moth spodoptera littoralis. the investigation was carried out using the labeled substrates (r)-[10-(2)h]- and (s)-[10-(2)h]-tridecanoic acids ((r)-2 and (s)-2, respectively) and (r)-[2,2,3,3,13-(2)h(5)]- and (s)-[2,2,3,3,13-(2)h(5)]-tetradecanoic aci ... | 2002 | 11925233 |
| a new method to improve olfactory responses to gc effluents. | biological detectors such as the human nose or an insect antenna represent extremely attractive detectors for gas chromatography (gc) since they are specifically tuned to perceive biologically relevant compounds. however, these detectors are nonlinear, noisy and often perform poorly under standard gc conditions since they are adapted to detect transient rather than long-lasting stimuli. these drawbacks can be overcome if the chemical stimulus, delivered by the gas chromatograph, is re-shaped (mo ... | 1998 | 9915110 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of hemolymph 3-dehydroecdysone 3beta-reductase from the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. a new member of the third superfamily of oxidoreductases. | the primary product of the prothoracic glands of last instar larvae of spodoptera littoralis is 3-dehydroecdysone (3de). after secretion, 3de is reduced to ecdysone by 3de 3beta-reductase in the hemolymph. we have previously purified and characterized 3de 3beta-reductase from the hemolymph of s. littoralis. in this study, cdna clones encoding the enzyme were obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, employing primers based on the amino acid sequences, in conjunction with 5'- a ... | 1999 | 10187849 |
| the phla hemolysin from the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens belongs to the two-partner secretion family of hemolysins. | photorhabdus is an entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotically associated with nematodes of the family heterorhabditidae. bacterial hemolysins found in numerous pathogenic bacteria are often virulence factors. we describe here the nucleotide sequence and the molecular characterization of the photorhabdus luminescens phlba operon, a locus encoding a hemolysin which shows similarities to the serratia type of hemolysins. it belongs to the two-partner secretion (tps) family of proteins. in low-iron con ... | 2002 | 12081958 |
| swinhoeiamide a, a new highly active calyculin derivative from the marine sponge theonella swinhoei. | analysis of the papua new guinean sponge theonella swinhoei afforded a new calyculinamide-related congener for which we propose the name swinhoeiamide a (1). the structure of the new compound was unambiguously established on the basis of nmr spectroscopic ((1)h, (13)c, cosy, hmbc) and mass spectrometric (fabms) data. swinhoeiamide a exhibited insecticidal activity toward neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect spodoptera littoralis when incorporated in an artificial diet offered to the lar ... | 2002 | 12193024 |
| in vitro host range of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus recombinants lacking functional p35, iap1 or iap2. | we have examined the host range in different insect cell lines of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) recombinants lacking p35, iap1 or iap2. these genes encode, or are predicted to encode, anti-apoptotic proteins. abrogation of p35 reduced the ability of acmnpv to replicate in permissive cell lines derived from spodoptera frugiperda insects by inducing apoptosis. in semi-permissive cell lines, such as lymantria dispar and spodoptera littoralis cells, we observed cytopathic effe ... | 1999 | 10211976 |
| development and field performance of a broad-spectrum nonviable asporogenic recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis with greater potency and uv resistance. | the main problems with bacillus thuringiensis products for pest control are their often narrow activity spectrum, high sensitivity to uv degradation, and low cost effectiveness (high potency required). we constructed a sporulation-deficient sigk(-) b. thuringiensis strain that expressed a chimeric cry1c/ab gene, the product of which had high activity against various lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm) and spodoptera exigua (lesser [beet] armyworm), whi ... | 1999 | 10473413 |
| related rnas in lepidopteran cells after in vitro infection with hyposoter didymator virus define a new polydnavirus gene family. | in the present study, we describe the isolation and the characterization of three different hyposoter didymator virus (hdv) lepidopteran host-expressed genes, the products of which might interfere with the host physiology during parasitism. in this report, we study the expression of hdv genes in sf9 cells infected with hdv since results indicate that the sf9 model mimics to some extent the in vivo model and may be utilized to study expression of hdv genes in lepidopteran host cells. this system ... | 1999 | 10544108 |
| characterization of pif, a gene required for the per os infectivity of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | during plaque purification of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus in s. littoralis sl52 cell culture, a deletion mutant virus was isolated. analysis of the biological properties of this mutant virus revealed an absence of per os infectivity of the occluded virus. infectivity by injection of the non-occluded (budded) virus is not different between the wild-type and the deleted virus. restriction analysis of the mutant virus genome revealed a 4.5 kb deletion within the noti d fragment. the ... | 2002 | 12466478 |
| antifeedant delphinium diterpenoid alkaloids. structure-activity relationships. | the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of the delphinium diterpene alkaloids 15-acetylcardiopetamine, cardiopetamine along with its amino alcohol, the beta,gamma unsaturated ketone, and the acetylated ketone derivatives were studied in spodoptera littoralis and leptinotarsadecemlineata. cardiopetamine and 15-acetylcardiopetamine strongly inhibited the feeding activity of s. littoralis and l. decemlineata, respectively. structure-activity studies with s. littoralis showed that the c13 and c15 ... | 1998 | 10554234 |
| enzymatic changes and cytotoxic effects of metarhizium anisopliae fungal extracts on the egyptian cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis (sl 96) cell line. | the extra-and intra-cellular extracts of two metarhizium anisopliae isolates: ma23 and mr3, were introduced to a cell line of spodoptera littoralis. the cell line (sl96) was established in the entomovirology centre from s. littoralis ovaries. mr3 extracellular fluid-treated culture had an increase in the acid phosphatase (acp) level as compared either to the untreated cell line or to the fungal extract alone. moreover, the enzymatic tests showed that alpha and beta-glucosidases have been detecte ... | 2002 | 12512818 |
| flhdc, the flagellar master operon of xenorhabdus nematophilus: requirement for motility, lipolysis, extracellular hemolysis, and full virulence in insects. | xenorhabdus is a major insect pathogen symbiotically associated with nematodes of the family steinernematidae. this motile bacterium displays swarming behavior on suitable media, but a spontaneous loss of motility is observed as part of a phenomenon designated phase variation which involves the loss of stationary-phase products active as antibiotics and potential virulence factors. to investigate the role of one of the transcriptional activators of flagellar genes, flhdc, in motility and virulen ... | 2000 | 10613869 |
| low molecular weight serine protease inhibitors from insects are proteins with highly conserved sequences. | a low molecular weight protease inhibitor peptide found in ovaries of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria (sgpi-2), was purified from plasma of the same locust and sequenced. it was named sgci. it was found active towards chymotrypsin and human leukocyte elastase. sgci was synthesized using a solid-phase procedure and the sequence of its reactive site for chymotrypsin was determined. compared with an inhibitor purified earlier from another locust species, the total sequence of sgci showed 88 ... | 2000 | 10696590 |
| characterization of the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene of spodoptera litura multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene of spodoptera litura multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv), guangzhouisolate was sequenced. the open reading frame of the gene is 1530 nucleotides long, encoding a putative protein of 509 amino acids with mr of 58,500. the 5' noncoding region has a tata box. a polyadenylation signal, aataaa, is contained downstream of the translation stop codon. a putative signal peptide is present at the n-terminus of the protein. homology compariso ... | 1999 | 10719631 |
| dihydroisocoumarins and a tetralone from cytospora eucalypticola. | two dihydroisocoumarins, 3,5-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and 3,5-dimethyl-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin were isolated from a culture filtrate of cytospora eucalypticola, together with three known dihydroisocoumarins and a tetralone derivative. their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. these isocoumarins are mildly antifungal, and antibacterial towards gram positive bacteria. a known compound, 5-hydroxymethylmellein, showed mild antifeedant activity tow ... | 2003 | 12620331 |
| insect antifeedant furanocoumarins from tetradium daniellii. | the dried fruits of tetradium daniellii yielded a new linear furanocoumarin, 5-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyloxy)psoralen, together with six other structurally related furanocoumarins. a similar chemical profile was recorded by hplc analysis of a fragment of t. daniellii fruit obtained from an historic herbarium voucher specimen collected in september 1917 during an expedition to yunnan province, china. four of the compounds identified caused a potent feeding deterrent effect towards lar ... | 2003 | 12657296 |
| taste detection of phytoecdysteroids in larvae of bombyx mori, spodoptera littoralis and ostrinia nubilalis. | a number of plants produce significant amounts of phytoecdysteroids that can disrupt the hormonal levels of insects feeding upon them. insects equipped with taste receptors sensitive to phytoecdysteroids are able to avoid such plants. how common is this strategy? by recording from the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica in two polyphagous species (ostrinia nubilalis and spodoptera littoralis) and in a monophagous species (bombyx mori), we tested whether the receptors could detect three commo ... | 2002 | 12770096 |
| occurrence of natural dixenic associations between the symbiont photorhabdus luminescens and bacteria related to ochrobactrum spp. in tropical entomopathogenic heterorhabditis spp. (nematoda, rhabditida). | bacteria naturally associated with the symbiont photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii were isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica. bacterial isolates distinct from p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii were obtained from 33% of the samples. fourteen bacterial isolates, from nematodes collected from three different caribbean islands, were characterized by conventional phenotypic tests, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of pcr-amplified 16s rr ... | 2000 | 10746775 |
| assessment of two natural marine toxins (microcystis aeruginosa and parasicyonis actinostoloides) for the control of some medical and agriculture insects with reference to the action on mice. | the present work describes the insecticidal potentiality from microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) and parasicyonis actinostoloides (sea anemone) water extracts against 3rd larval instar of medical insects (musca domestica and culex pipiens) and 4th larval instar of agriculture insects (spodoptera littoralis and agrotis ipsilon. the ld50s of m. aeruginosa extract were 1.94, 2.33, 7.59 and 9.10 mg/ml. for m. domestica, c. pipiens, s. littoralis and a. ipsilon). respectively. while ld50s of p. a ... | 2000 | 10946523 |
| molecular and insecticidal characterization of a bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated during a natural epizootic. | a new bacillus thuringiensis strain belonging to the serovar aizawai was isolated from a dead larva of the lepidopteran mythimna loreyi collected in a corn crop in spain during a natural epizootic. this strain, which was named leapi01, was compared with the kurstaki and aizawai strains isolated from dipel(r) and xentari(r), by electron microscopy, sds-page, plasmid pattern, pcr and insecticidal activity. this strain showed similar morphological and biochemical characteristics to the standard str ... | 2000 | 10971764 |
| thiafatty acids as tracers to investigate biosynthetic pathways of lepidopteran sex pheromones. | in order to investigate the potential utility of thiafatty acids as tracers for biosynthetic studies of moth sex pheromones, a series of thiatetradecanoic acids, namely 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12- and 13-thiatetradecanoic, were prepared and their metabolism was investigated in pheromone glands of spodoptera littoralis. analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of extracts from pheromone glands treated with the above acids showed that only 8-thiatetradecanoic acid and 13-thiatetradeca ... | 2001 | 11222949 |
| effects of a mustard trypsin inhibitor expressed in different plants on three lepidopteran pests. | the effects of mustard trypsin inhibitor mti-2 expressed at different levels in transgenic tobacco, arabidopsis and oilseed rape lines have been evaluated against three different lepidopteran insect pests. 1. plutella xylostella (l.) larvae were the most sensitive to the ingestion of mti-2. the inhibitor expressed at high levels in arabidopsis plants caused rapid and complete mortality. high mortality and significantly delayed larval development were also detectable in oilseed rape expressing mt ... | 2001 | 11267898 |
| occurrence and linkage between secreted insecticidal toxins in natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | little is known about the occurrence and linkage between secreted insecticidal virulence factors in natural populations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we carried out a survey of 392 bt strains isolated from various samples originating from 31 countries. the toxicity profile of the culture supernatants of these strains was determined individually against anthonomus grandis (coleoptera) and spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera). we analyzed beta-exotoxin i production and searched for the genes enco ... | 2003 | 14756535 |
| transcription and promoter analysis of pif, an essential but low-expressed baculovirus gene. | the pif gene (per os infectivity factor) of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) encodes a structural protein essential for oral infection. this protein is expressed in very low quantities. in this study, transcription and promoter analysis of splinpv pif were carried out to understand more fully the regulation of pif gene expression. transcription in the pif gene region was examined using rt-pcr, northern blot, primer extension, ribonuclease protection and 3' race. the pif gene ... | 2004 | 14769890 |
| immunological analysis of phloem sap of bacillus thuringiensis corn and of the nontarget herbivore rhopalosiphum padi (homoptera: aphididae) for the presence of cry1ab. | phloem sap of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn expressing a truncated form of the b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1ab, sap sucking aphids feeding on bt corn and their honeydew were analysed for presence of cry1ab using elisa. phloem sap of bt and non-bt corn was collected using a newly developed technique with a microcapillary being directly inserted into the phloem tubes. using this technique, no cry1ab was detected in the phloem sap. in contrast, measurable concentrations of cry ... | 2001 | 11298965 |
| characterization of a sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase from the cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis): a lepidopteran mechanism closer to that in mammals than that in dipterans. | numerous invertebrate species belonging to several phyla cannot synthesize sterols de novo and rely on a dietary source of the compound. scpx (sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase) is a protein involved in the trafficking of sterols and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. we have isolated scpx protein from spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) and have subjected it to limited amino acid sequencing. a reverse-transcriptase pcr-based approach has been used to clone the cdna (1.9 ... | 2004 | 15149283 |
| a recombinase-mediated system for elimination of antibiotic resistance gene markers from genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis strains. | a tnpi-mediated site-specific recombination system to construct genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis strains was developed. recombinant b. thuringiensis strains from which antibiotic resistance genes can be selectively eliminated were obtained in vivo with a new vector based on the specific resolution site of transposon tn4430. for example, a cryic gene, whose product is active against spodoptera littoralis, was introduced into b. thuringiensis kto harboring a cryia(c) gene active against ... | 1997 | 9023958 |
| microbial contamination in spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in insects in egypt | spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in egypt, for use in field trials for the control of s. littoralis on cotton, was subject to microbiological examination to quantify microbial contamination. bacteria were found to be present at 10(6)-10(9) colony-forming units/ml in virus suspensions containing 2.1 x 10(9) polyhedral inclusion bodies/ml. batches were found to contain between 2 and 11 different species of contaminant microbes. no primary human pathogens of medical importa ... | 1997 | 9056465 |
| the p10 gene of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus: nucleotide sequence, transcriptional analysis and unique gene organization in the p10 locus. | the p10 gene of the spodoptera littoralis (spli) multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (mnpv) was identified. with a coding sequence of 315 nucleotides (nt), corresponding to a protein of 104 amino acids, the splimnpv p10 gene is the longest p10 gene known. this gene codes for a putative protein with an mr of 11130 and was found to be most closely related to the spodoptera exigua (se) mnpv p10 (49.4% amino acid identity) and most distant from the autographa californica (ac) mnpv p10 (20.0% amino acid ... | 1997 | 9267016 |