| role of phermones and kairmones for insect suppression systems and their possible health and environmental impacts. | insects produce pheromones as a chemical communication system to facilitate reproduction. these highly active chemical attractants have been synthesized for some of the most important insect pests, including the boll weevil, gypsy moth, codling moth, tobacco budworm, european corn borer, and several bark beetles. while none of the synthetic sex attractants have yet been developed for use in insect control, they offer opportunities for the future both as control agents and to greatly improved ins ... | 1976 | 789061 |
| baculovirus-like particles in the reproductive tracts of female parasitoid wasps. | virus-like particles have been found in specific regions of the reproductive tracts of three different braconid wasps, all parasitoids of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens. the particles are nuclear in origin, and feulgen cytochemistry of particulate fluid in the calyx and oviducts of one species has revealed the presence of dna. on the basis of apparent structural homologies, it is suggested that the parasitoid particles are related to baculoviruses. | 1976 | 963610 |
| evaluation of heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a cottonseed oil bait for control of heliothis virescens and h. zea on cotton. | | 1975 | 1089686 |
| transmission, diagnosis, and control of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in colonies of heliothis virescens. | | 1975 | 1097538 |
| inhibition of melanization in homogenates of larvae of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens f. (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | | 1975 | 1122743 |
| production of recombinant proteins by baculovirus-infected gypsy moth cells. | an experimental study was undertaken to evaluate alternative insect cell lines to sf9 [from spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)] for the production of recombinant proteins. insect cell lines from two different organisms were considered: iplb-ldeita (ldeita) from lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) and iplb-hvt1 (hvt1) from heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). both ldeita and hvt1 produced higher total activity levels of recombinant beta-galactosidase in monolayer culture than sf9 after infection w ... | 1991 | 1367995 |
| use of a colorimetric system to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of entomopathogenic fungi. | an apizym system, with 19 substrates, was used to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of nomuraea rileyi (5 isolates), nomuraea atypicola, nomuraea anemonoides, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. similar enzyme profiles were obtained for two of the n. rileyi isolates (mississippi, ecuador) regardless of whether culture medium (sabouraud-maltose-yeast) or cuticle (from larvae of trichoplusia ni, heliothis zea or heliothis virescens) were used as substrates. centroid-cluste ... | 1992 | 1406899 |
| dissimilar expression of autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin and p10 genes. | the temporal expression of the autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin and p10 genes in spodoptera frugiperda cells was studied using virus recombinants in which either gene was replaced by the juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) gene of heliothis virescens. the jhe served as a highly specific and sensitive reporter for gene expression. activation of the p10 gene followed a pattern different to that of polyhedrin. the p10 gene was activated a few hours earl ... | 1992 | 1607866 |
| insecticidal properties of genetically engineered baculoviruses expressing an insect juvenile hormone esterase gene. | exploring the possibility of enhancing the properties of baculoviruses as biological control agents of insect pests, we tested the effect of expressing an insect gene (jhe) encoding juvenile hormone esterase. juvenile hormone esterase inactivates juvenile hormone, which regulates the outcome of an insect molt. a cdna encoding the juvenile hormone esterase of heliothis virescens was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus such that the gene was expressed unde ... | 1992 | 1622228 |
| n-acetyl galactosamine is part of the receptor in insect gut epithelia that recognizes an insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | proteins synthesized by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis are potent insecticides. when ingested by susceptible larvae they rapidly lyse epithelial cells lining the midgut. in vitro the toxins lyse certain insect cell lines and show saturable, high-affinity binding to brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) prepared from insect midguts. we observed that the sugar n-acetyl galactosamine (galnac) specifically decreased the cytolytic activity of a cryia(c) toxin towards choristoneura fumiferana c ... | 1991 | 1658805 |
| identification and characterization of heliothis virescens midgut membrane proteins binding bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. | to investigate the specificity of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain hd1 insecticidal crystal proteins (icp), we used membrane preparations obtained from the midgut of heliothis virescens larvae to perform separate ligand-blot experiments with the three activated cryia toxins. the cryia(a) and the cryia(b) toxins bind the same 170-kda protein, but most likely at two different binding sites. the cryia(c) toxin binds two proteins of molecular masses 140 kda and 120 kda. we also demonstrat ... | 1991 | 1662137 |
| venom and viral expression products of the endoparasitic wasp campoletis sonorensis share epitopes and related sequences. | endoparasitic wasps of lepidopteran insects must induce changes in host immunity and development to survive. depending on the species, this may require wasp venom proteins and/or a polydnavirus. we describe an immunological and genetic relationship between the campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus and the wasp's venom gland. monoclonal antibodies raised against venom glands recognized epitopes conserved on several polydnavirus proteins and on multiple wasp oviduct and venom proteins. the viral enve ... | 1990 | 1695005 |
| identification of putative insect brush border membrane-binding molecules specific to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin by protein blot analysis. | binding sites for insecticidal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis are located in the brush border membranes of insect midguts. two approaches were used to investigate the interactions of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 cryia(c) toxin with brush border membrane vesicles from sensitive and naturally resistant insects: 125i-toxin-vesicle binding assays and protein blots probed with 125i-cryia(c) toxin. in bioassays, manduca sexta and heliothis virescens larvae were highly sensitive, helicoverp ... | 1991 | 1746942 |
| functional domains of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. refinement of heliothis virescens and trichoplusia ni specificity domains on cryia(c). | insecticidal crystal proteins (delta-endotoxins), cryia(a) and cryia(c), from bacillus thuringiensis are 82% homologous. despite this homology, cryia(c) was determined to have 10-fold more insecticidal activity toward heliothis virescens and trichoplusia ni than cryia(a). reciprocal recombinations between these two genes were performed by the homolog-scanning technique. the resultant mutants had different segments of their primary sequences exchanged. bioassays with toxin proteins from these mut ... | 1991 | 1917934 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis proteins to a laboratory-selected line of heliothis virescens. | a laboratory-selected colony of heliothis virescens displaying a 20- to 70-fold level of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis proteins was evaluated to identify mechanism(s) of resistance. brush-border membrane vesicles were isolated from larval midgut epithelium from the susceptible and resistant strains of h. virescens. two b. thuringiensis proteins, cryia(b) and cryia(c), were iodinated and shown to specifically bind to brush-border membrane vesicles of both insect strains. multiple changes i ... | 1991 | 1924353 |
| activation of a cryptic crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki by gene fusion and determination of the crystal protein insecticidal specificity. | dna hybridization with the insecticidal crystal protein gene crylla (formerly crybl) of bacillus thuringiensis supspecies kurstaki has shown that subspecies kurstaki contains a crylla-related sequence in addition to the crylla gene (donovan et al., 1988a). we have cloned the crylla-related sequence and have determined that the sequence, which has been designated cryllb, is 89% identical to the crylla gene. recombinant b. thuringiensis cells harbouring the cloned cryllb gene produced very little ... | 1990 | 2089222 |
| light microscope immunolocation of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki delta-endotoxin in the midgut and malpighian tubules of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens. | light microscope immunofluorescence was used to localize the membrane binding of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 63-kda delta-endotoxin in heliothis virescens midgut and malpighian tubules. staining was observed along all exposed mucosal (apical microvillar) plasma membranes. interpretation of the serosal (basal) plasma membrane staining was complicated because the basal lamina also stained. the results suggest that the toxin binds to all exposed plasma membranes without apparent specificity for ... | 1990 | 2165507 |
| specificity-determining regions of a lepidopteran-specific insecticidal protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis. | the lepidopteran-specific, insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis vary in toxicity to different species of lepidopteran larvae. we report studies of cryia(a) and cryia(c), two related proteins that have different degrees of toxicity to heliothis virescens yet very similar degrees of toxicity to manduca sexta. the amino acid differences between these proteins are located primarily between residues 280 and 722. we have constructed a series of chimeric proteins and determined their ... | 1990 | 2250000 |
| a novel bacillus thuringiensis gene encoding a spodoptera exigua-specific crystal protein. | only one of the four lepidoptera-specific crystal protein subclasses (cryic) bacillus thuringiensis was previously shown to be highly toxic against several spodoptera species. by using a cryic-derived nucleotide probe, dna from 25 different strains of b. thuringiensis was screened for the presence of homologous sequences. a putative crystal protein gene, considerably different from the cryic gene subclass, was identified in the dna of strain 4f1 (serotype kenyae) and cloned in escherichia coli. ... | 1990 | 2254254 |
| characterization of the bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from taiwan. | over 100 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates which produced phase bright inclusions have been isolated from soil samples from different areas in taiwan. three types of crystal proteins were visualized by phase contrast microscopy. among these isolates, only 14 different types of plasmid profiles have been observed. they all possess a variety of plasmids ranging from a few kb to around 250 kb in size. with respect to the crystal protein profiles, the plasmid profiles, and the shapes of crystal p ... | 1990 | 2274596 |
| efficient transformation of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus via electroporation: transformation of acrystalliferous strains with a cloned delta-endotoxin gene. | electroporation was used as a method to transform intact cells of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus. with our optimized method a range of plasmid vectors could be transformed into strains of b. thuringiensis at frequencies of up to 10(7) transformants/micrograms dna. this high frequency allows cloning experiments to be done directly in b. thuringiensis. a bifunctional vector capable of replicating in escherichia coli and in bacillus spp. was constructed. the kurhd1 protoxin gene was cloned in ... | 1989 | 2550762 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. importance of specific receptors on the brush border membrane of the mid-gut of target insects. | to study the molecular basis of differences in the insecticidal spectrum of bacillus thuringienesis delta-endotoxins, we have performed binding studies with three delta-endotoxins on membrane preparations from larval insect mid-gut. conditions for a standard binding assay were established through a detailed study of the binding of 125i-labeled bt2 toxin, a recombinant b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, to brush border membrane vesicles of manduca sexta. the toxins tested (bt2, bt3 and bt73 toxins ... | 1989 | 2557209 |
| cloning and expression of delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | fragments (larger than 4 kb) of partially sau 3ai-digested plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae 7404 and kurstaki hd-1 were cloned into the bamh i site of pbr322. four transformants, containing the corresponding delta-endotoxin gene and producing proteins that reacted with antiserum against crystalline protein, were selected on the basis of results from in situ colony hybridization, radioimmunologic screening, and western blot analysis. three of those tested, i.e., the lysates o ... | 1989 | 2562364 |
| synthesis of biologically active influenza virus hemagglutinin in insect larvae. | the hemagglutinin of influenza (fowl plague) virus was expressed in larvae of heliothis virescens by using recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) as a vector. animals were infected with the recombinant virus either by parenteral injection or by feeding. for oral uptake, recombinant virus occluded in polyhedra obtained from cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells after coinfection with authentic acnpv was used. immunohistological analyses of infected animals revealed t ... | 1989 | 2648023 |
| chemical modification of aldehyde dehydrogenase by a vinyl ketone analogue of an insect pheromone. | a major component of the sex pheromone from the tobacco budworm moth heliothis virescens is a c16 straight-chain aldehyde with a single unsaturation at the eleventh position. the sex pheromones are inactivated when metabolized to their corresponding acids by insect aldehyde dehydrogenase. during this investigation it was demonstrated that the c16 aldehyde is a good substrate for human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.3) isoenzymes e1 and e2 with km and kcat. values at ph 7.0 of 2 microm and 0.4 ... | 1990 | 2268265 |
| identification and molecular analysis of storage proteins from heliothis virescens. | three abundant storage proteins have been detected in larval and pupal hemolymph and pupal fat body of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens. these polypeptides have subunit molecular weights of 74,000, 76,000, and 82,000, as determined by sds-page and exist as 450,000-mr hexamers in their native state. a purified 82,000-mr storage protein fraction has been obtained along with a preparation containing equivalent amounts of the 74,000-mr and 76,000-mr subunits, and antisera raised to each of t ... | 1990 | 2134174 |
| isolation and identification of paralytic peptides from hemolymph of the lepidopteran insects manduca sexta, spodoptera exigua, and heliothis virescens. | seven paralytic peptides were isolated and identified from lepidopteran hemolymph. all of these peptides cause rapid, rigid paralysis when injected into manduca sexta and some other lepidopteran larvae. each peptide contains 23 amino acid residues including 2 cysteines and the carboxyl termini are acidic. synthetic peptides in the disulfide or reduced forms, and as carboxyl-terminal acids or amides were equally paralytic. the most potent paralytic peptide, mas pp i, has the following sequence: h ... | 1991 | 2071576 |
| identification and characterization of a testis-specific isoform of a chaperonin in a moth, heliothis virescens. | two relatively abundant proteins having subunit molecular weights of 60,000 and 63,000 (p60 and p63, respectively) have been purified as a 16 to 18s complex from sperm mitochondria of a moth. heliothis virescens. although the function of these proteins had heretofore not been established, interest in the p63 polypeptide stemmed from its sperm-specific expression and its striking occurrence as a net charge variant among several insect species surveyed, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. g ... | 1990 | 1974308 |
| omega-conotoxin gvia and nifedipine inhibit the depolarizing action of the fungal metabolite, destruxin b on muscle from the tobacco budworm (heliothis virescens). | recent studies on a group of fungal metabolites, collectively called the destruxins, have suggested that these compounds activate calcium influx in insect skeletal muscle. in this study, we have investigated the sensitivity of destruxin b to the voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonists; omega-conotoxin gvia, nifedipine, diltiazem and methoxyverapamil on skeletal muscle from the lepidopteran insect pest, tobacco budworm (heliothis virescens). at a concentration of 1.7 microm, destruxin b cau ... | 1990 | 1965061 |
| identification of an allatostatin from the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta. | a peptide (manduca sexta allatostatin) that strongly inhibits juvenile hormone biosynthesis in vitro by the corpora allata from fifth-stadium larvae and adult females has been purified from extracts of heads of pharate adult m. sexta by a nine-step purification procedure. the primary structure of this 15-residue peptide has been determined: pglu-val-arg-phe-arg-gln-cys- tyr-phe-asn-pro-ile-ser-cys-phe-oh, where pglu is pyroglutamate). to our knowledge, this neuro-hormone has no sequence similari ... | 1991 | 1946359 |
| preliminary characterization and purification of in vitro encapsulation promoting factor: a peptide that mediates insect haemocyte adhesion. | the granular cells and plasmatocytes (pls) of heliothis virescens form multicellular aggregations in vitro. this allows capsules to form around suitable targets. prior trypsinization of the haemocytes abolishes their ability to encapsulate, and this function can be restored by adding plasma to the trypsinized cells. trypsinized pls were also unable to spread on a planar glass surface unless normal plasma was present. plasma was subjected to a variety of treatments to determine the nature of the ... | 1988 | 3384154 |
| the hypervariable region in the genes coding for entomopathogenic crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis: nucleotide sequence of the kurhd1 gene of subsp. kurstaki hd1. | one of the genes for the entomophatogenic crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis (subsp. kurstaki strain hd1) has been cloned in escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence determined completely. the gene is contained within a 4360-bp-long hpai-psti dna restriction fragment and codes for a polypeptide of 1,155 amino acid residues. the protoxin protein has a predicted mr of 130,625. the e. coli-derived protoxin gene product is biologically active against heliothis virescens larvae in a biote ... | 1986 | 3557124 |
| new insecticidal metabolites from soil isolate w719. | in the course of screening soil organisms for new insecticidal metabolites, strain w719 was found to produce a group of metabolites active against the tobacco budworm heliothis virescens. the active metabolites were purified by a combination of solvent partitioning and chromatographic steps, and the physico-chemical properties and insecticidal activity of the main components were determined. the two main components have mw's of 925 and 939, appear to belong to the macrocyclic lactam family of na ... | 1991 | 1938619 |
| developmental disruption of pseudoplusia includens and heliothis virescens larvae by the calyx fluid and venom of microplitis demolitor. | calyx fluid and venom from the braconid parasitoid microplitis demolitor differentially affected the development of pseudoplusia includens and heliothis virescens. p. includens exhibited delays in larval development, supernumerary instars, and formed larval-pupal intermediates when injected with 0.01-0.10 wasp equivalents of calyx fluid. in contrast, h. virescens was relatively unaffected by calyx fluid regardless of dose. venom did not affect the development of either host species, but appeared ... | 1991 | 1932780 |
| newly identified, basic hemolymph proteins from noctuid species. | a number of basic metamorphosis-associated proteins were identified from several noctuid species. all of these proteins have molecular weights in the range of 73,000 to 74,000. two of the proteins in trichoplusia ni and heliothis virescens were found to be suppressible by a juvenile hormone analog. | 1987 | 3606619 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the b subunit of a vacuolar h(+)-atpase from the midgut and malpighian tubules of helicoverpa virescens. | using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) a 0.8-kb product was amplified from cdna made from the midgut and malpighian tubules of fifth instar larvae of helicoverpa virescens. this 0.8-kb pcr product was then used to isolate a clone of the b subunit of the v-type atpase from a cdna library made from the same tissues. the cdna clone encodes for a protein of 55 kda which shows very high amino acid homology to other known b subunits of v-type atpases. the transcript size of the b subunit in the mid ... | 1991 | 1834020 |
| enzymes and resistance to insecticides in heliothis virescens. | | 1991 | 1783212 |
| metabolism of l-canavanine and l-canaline in the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens [noctuidae]. | the metabolism of l-canavanine and l-canaline were investigated in larvae of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens [noctuidae]. h. virescens larvae were treated with l-[1,2,3,4-14c]canavanine or l-[u-14c]canaline with sufficient cold carrier to provide 5 mg g-1 canavanine or a molar equivalent of canaline (3.81 mg g-1). the preponderant catabolite in both canavanine- and canaline-treated larvae was [14c]homoserine. other minor metabolites derived from canavanine included [14c]aspartate/aspara ... | 1991 | 1782352 |
| residual quantities of streptomycin sulfate in haemolymph and tissue of heliothis virescens reared on treated diet. | the study showed that streptomycin sulfate was present in both tissue and blood of insects fed with the antibiotic-treated diet. changes from larval to pupal to adult stages were accompanied by decreases in antibiotic concentration. during transformation from pupa to adult most of the antibiotic was discarded with the meconium. eggs from adults reared from larvae fed on the antibiotic-treated diet were free of streptomycin. the antibiotic did not adversely affect insect development. | 1985 | 3934687 |
| growth inhibitory, insecticidal and antifeedant effects of some antileukemic and cytotoxic quassinoids on two species of agricultural pests. | several quassinoids, obtained by isolation and derivatization from simaba multiflora and soulamea soulameoides, were evaluated for growth inhibitory and insecticidal effects against the tobacco budworm (heliothis virescens) and for antifeedant effects against h. virescens and the fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda). the relative activity of the quassinoids as insect growth inhibitors generally paralleled their known relative potency as antileukemic and cytotoxic agents. | 1985 | 3972085 |
| synthesis and transport of storage proteins by testes in heliothis virescens. | the synthesis of two storage protein subunits, 76,000-mr and 82,000-mr polypeptides, by the testes sheath has been studied in heliothis virescens. like fat body, which is the primary site of synthesis for the large extratesticular pool, cells of the testes sheath secrete glycosylated storage proteins assembled into hexamers. the testis sheath differed from fat body in several important respects, including the failure to synthesize an abundant (in the hemolymph) 74,000-mr storage protein, its rel ... | 1990 | 1724738 |
| effects of copper and tributyltin on stress protein abundance in the rotifer brachionus plicatilis. | 1. exposure of the rotifer brachionus plicatilis to elevated temperature resulted in the synthesis of a number of proteins, including a prominent one of 58,000 da (sp58). 2. this protein is immunologically crossreactive with the 65,000 da heat shock protein of the moth heliothis virescens, which is a member of a highly conserved family of mitochondrial proteins. 3. exposure of rotifers to sublethal doses of cuso4 leads to a 4-5-fold increase in abundance of sp58, with maximum increase occurring ... | 1991 | 1676954 |
| tobacco budworm: chemosterilization by fumigation with thiotepa. | | 1974 | 4209306 |
| interaction of campoletis sonorensis and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of heliothis virescens. | | 1974 | 4598666 |
| toxicity of methylcarbamates and their acetylated and chloroacetylated analogues against the bollworm and the tobacco budworm. | | 1973 | 4690282 |
| tobacco budworm: cross resistance to insecticides in resistant strains and in a susceptible strain. | | 1973 | 4690291 |
| tobacco budworm: penetration of several insecticides into the larva. | | 1973 | 4690304 |
| two sex pheromone components of the tobacco budworm moth, heliothis virescens. | | 1974 | 4829545 |
| evaluation of cholinesterases in strains of heliothis virescens with widely differing responses to insecticides. | | 1974 | 4833476 |
| response of bollworm and tobacco budworm in georgia to methyl parathion. | | 1974 | 4833489 |
| effect of an insect growth regulator on two parasitoids developing from treated tobacco budworm larvae. | | 1974 | 4839216 |
| defense reaction and hemocytic changes in heliothis virescens in response to its habitual parasitoid cardiochiles nigriceps. | | 1971 | 4937297 |
| properties of the -entotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis imc 10,001 against the tobacco budworm. | | 1972 | 5085778 |
| toxicity of seven alkyl organophosphorus insecticides to the bollworm, pink bollworm, and tobacco budworm and persistence of naled in various formulations on cotton leaves. | | 1972 | 5085800 |
| storage proteins of the larval root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae): riboflavin binding and subunit isolation. | proteins present at high concentrations in hemolymph of the larval weevil diaprepes abbreviatus were previously shown to bind a synthetic coumarin, 7-amino-3-phenyl coumarin (coumarin-10). one of the two native proteins previously identified (protein i) is now shown to separate into two distinct bands (proteins ia and ib) using native gradient pore-limiting electrophoresis. the high concentration of proteins ia, ib, and ii in larval hemolymph, their disappearance from hemolymph upon pupation, an ... | 1992 | 1504322 |
| differences in percentages of fatty acids in triglycerides and phospholipids larvae of the bollworm and the tobacco budworm as possible factors in their tolerance to insecticides. | | 1971 | 5122324 |
| effect of gamma radiation on tissues of the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens. | | 1969 | 5374171 |
| development of a recombinant baculovirus expressing an insect-selective neurotoxin: potential for pest control. | recombinant nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npvs) expressing insect-selective toxins, hormones, or enzymes could enhance their insecticidal properties. we have constructed a recombinant, polyhedrin-positive autographa californica npv (acnpv) that is orally infectious and expresses an insect-selective toxin (aait), isolated from the scorpion androctonus australis, under the control of the p10 promoter. bioassays with the recombinant baculovirus on 2nd instar larvae of heliothis virescens demonstrat ... | 1991 | 1367359 |
| evaluation of selected chemosterilants against the tobacco budworm. | | 1970 | 5431691 |
| trehalose and glucose levels in the hemolymph of heliothis virescens parasitized by microplitis croceipes or cardiochiles nigriceps. | | 1975 | 1204330 |
| the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of heliothis zea (boddie) and heliothis virescens (fabricius). v. toxicity-pathogenicity of virus to white mice and guinea pigs. | | 1965 | 5829858 |
| the identification and biosynthesis of two juvenile hormones from the tobacco budworm moth (helothis virescens). | | 1975 | 1134181 |
| effects of age on mortality of heliothis zera and heliothis virescens larvae exposed to a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus. | | 1966 | 5939398 |
| carbamate-type insecticides for control of tobacco budworm and bollworm on cotton. | | 1966 | 5976127 |
| a paper-bag test cage for use with the tobacco budworm. | | 1966 | 5976147 |
| sensitivity of heliothis virescens larvae to aflatoxin in ad libitum feeding. | | 1967 | 6073675 |
| an unusual effect of n-octylamine on the cytochrome b5 spectrum of insect and mammalian microsomes. | the addition of n-octylamine to microsomes prepared from the midgut of tobacco hornworn (manduca sexta) larvae causes an unusual spectral interaction. the initial optical difference spectrum appears to be the sum of reduced cytochrome b5 and a type ii difference spectrum of cytochrome p-450. this initial spectrum is unstable and diminishes in size, with a concurrent shift in peak (424 to 428 nm) and trough (409 and 392 to approx. 400 nm) positions, to yield a stable spectrum identical to the typ ... | 1977 | 884775 |
| substitution of choline by related compounds in the diet of argyrotaenia velutinana and heliothis virescens. | | 1977 | 604385 |
| relative activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and b. thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, trichoplusia ni, heliothis zea, and heliothis virescens. | | 1981 | 7320315 |
| segment w of campoletis sonorensis virus: expression, gene products, and organization. | campoletis sonorensis virus (csv, polydnaviridae) is a segmented double-stranded dna virus which has an apparently symbiotic relationship with the parasitic wasp, campoletis sonorensis. csv replicates in the oviducts of the parasitic wasp and is injected into the wasp's host, heliothis virescens (lepidoptera; noctuiidae), during oviposition. in the parasitized lepidopteran host, the virus has a dramatic effect on host physiology and viral gene products are believed to play an essential role in t ... | 1989 | 2922929 |
| calmodulin activity in whole body and fat body tissue extracts of heliothis virescens larvae. | calmodulin is an activator of many enzymatic activities. total calmodulin activity in tissue extracts of heliothis virescens larvae (5th instar), assayed by cyclic phosphodiesterase activation, was 0.48 unit/gm for whole body and 22.2 units/gm for fat body. specific calmodulin activity was 0.1 unit/mg protein for whole body and 3.0 units/mg protein for fat body. the larval fat body is therefore the main site of calmodulin activity in this lepidopterous larva. | 1989 | 2916996 |
| identification, isolation, and cloning of a bacillus thuringiensis cryiac toxin-binding protein from the midgut of the lepidopteran insect heliothis virescens. | bacillus thuringiensis toxins are insecticidal to a variety of insect species. the selectivity of the toxins produced by these bacteria is dependent on both the toxin structure and the receptor sites that are present in different insect species. one of these toxins, cryiac, is highly insecticidal to the noctuid pest heliothis virescens. using toxin overlay assay, a 120-kda glycoprotein was identified as a toxin-binding protein. this protein was partially purified, its n-terminal sequence was det ... | 1995 | 7592988 |
| mutagenesis of specificity and toxicity regions of a bacillus thuringiensis protoxin gene. | two different 30-nucleotide regions of the cryiac insecticidal protoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis were randomly mutagenized. one region was within one of seven amphipathic helices believed to be important for the formation of ion channels. there was no loss of toxicity for three test insects by any of 27 mutants, a result similar to that obtained previously for mutations within another such helix. only mutations within a region encoding the central helix have resulted in a substantial num ... | 1995 | 7608080 |
| comparison of toxin overlay and solid-phase binding assays to identify diverse cryia(c) toxin-binding proteins in heliothis virescens midgut. | the binding proteins, or receptors, for insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki delta-endotoxins are located in the brush border membranes of susceptible insect midguts. the interaction of one of these toxins, cryia(c), with proteins isolated from heliothis virescens larval midguts was investigated. to facilitate the identification of solubilized putative toxin-binding proteins, a solid-phase binding assay was developed and compared with toxin overlay assays. the overlay assays demon ... | 1995 | 7618886 |
| isolation and sequencing of cdna clones coding for juvenile hormone esterase from heliothis virescens. evidence for a catalytic mechanism for the serine carboxylesterases different from that of the serine proteases. | three cdna clones containing the entire coding sequence for jh esterase from the noctuid moth heliothis virescens have been isolated from an expression library using specific antibodies and oligonucleotide probes. the complete sequence of one of the clones shows a 2989-base pair insert that is approximately the length of the single 3.0-kilobase pair mrna transcript detected by northern blotting. the clone has an open reading frame of 1714 base pairs that predicts a mature protein (minus signal p ... | 1989 | 2745451 |
| regulation of juvenile hormone esterase gene expression in the tobacco budworm (heliothis virescens). | the tissue distribution, developmental control, and induction of juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) mrna was examined in heliothis virescens using an 800-base pair fragment of a jhe cdna clone. northern hybridization analysis of poly(a)+rna from fat body and integument of fifth stadium larvae indicated the presence of a single jhe mrna species having an estimated length of 3 kilobases. on day 2 of the fifth stadium (l5d2), basal jhe mrna levels were 3-fold higher in the integument than the fat body ... | 1990 | 2327798 |
| aldehyde-oxidizing enzymes in an adult moth: in vitro study of aldehyde metabolism in heliothis virescens. | the conversion of pheromonal aldehydes to carboxylic acids in vitro in tissue extracts of heliothis virescens is catalyzed by both aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase enzymes. the aldehyde-oxidizing activity in antennae, heads, legs, and hemolymph from male and female moths was examined by radiochromatographic and spectroscopic assays. first, the enzymatic activity was measured in the presence or absence of added nad+ using either (z)-9-tetradecenal or (z)-11-hexadecenal as tritiated sub ... | 1990 | 2327797 |
| a specific affinity reagent to distinguish aldehyde dehydrogenases and oxidases. enzymes catalyzing aldehyde oxidation in an adult moth. | aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) and oxidase (ao) enzymes from the tissue extracts of male and female tobacco budworm moth (heliothis virescens) were identified after electrophoretic protein separation. ao activity was visualized using formazan- or horseradish peroxidase-mediated staining coupled to the ao-catalyzed oxidation of benzaldehyde. a set of six soluble ao enzymes with isoelectric points from pi 4.6 to 5.3 were detected primarily in the antennal extracts. partially purified antennal ao en ... | 1990 | 2303442 |
| ion channel activity of n-terminal fragments from cryia(c) delta-endotoxin. | proteolytically-derived amino-terminal fragments from the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, cryia(c), demonstrated ion channel activity in two in vitro assays in the absence of any membrane receptors. a 24.5 kda fragment (from spodoptera frugiperda digestive proteolysis) formed cation-selective channels (10mv for a 3:1 salt gradient) in planar lipid bilayers up to several hundred picosiemen conductance. a 21.5 kda fragment doublet (from alkaline hydrolysis) also showed large conductance in ... | 1993 | 7694582 |
| comparison between in vivo and in vitro cutaneous penetration of fenvalerate in tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in vivo and in vitro penetration of fenvalerate were compared in the 3-d-old fifth-instar tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f). in the in vitro studies, a piece of cuticle was excised and mounted on a diffusion cell, and the amount of radioactivity present in the cuticle and medium was determined at various time intervals. at 24 h, approximately 7.4% of the dose was located in the cuticle, whereas only 1.6% actually penetrated. in the in vivo studies, approximately 7.4% of the radioactivity ... | 1989 | 2925991 |
| identification and comparison of campoletis sonorensis virus transcripts expressed from four genomic segments in the insect hosts campoletis sonorensis and heliothis virescens. | the campoletis sonorensis virus (csv; polydnaviridae) genome consists of at least 28 closed circular superhelical (sh) dnas. in this study we used complete clones of four sh dnas to analyze viral transcription both in the adult parasitic wasp host campoletis sonorensis (ichneumonidae) and in the lepidopteran host, heliothis virescens (noctuidae). csv genes are expressed in parasitized h. virescens, but no viral transcripts had been characterized from c. sonorensis until this study. the clones of ... | 1988 | 3201745 |
| isolation and primary structure of the eclosion hormone of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | eclosion hormone was isolated from trimmed pharate adult heads of manduca sexta by an eight step purification procedure using a heliothis virescens in vivo bioassay. the neuropeptide was active in second stadium m. sexta. the primary structure was determined by sequence analyses of the intact peptide and fragment peptides generated by lysyl endopeptidase, endoproteinase glu-c, and proline-specific endopeptidase. the nature of the carboxyl terminus as a free acid was elucidated by analysis of ami ... | 1987 | 3304284 |
| increased efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in combination with tannic acid. | we identified tannic acid as an inexpensive additive that increased the efficacy of sublethal concentrations of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (berliner). tannic acid mimicked the active constituents contained in an aqueous, tannin-rich extract of taxus baccata (l.) bark that retarded development of heliothis virescens (f.) larvae at 10,000 ppm; most larvae remained in first and second stage when treated with 250-10,000 ppm of tannic acid. instar development of trichoplusia ni (hübner) l ... | 1995 | 7722082 |
| bacterial entomopathogens from the drosophila paulistorum semispecies complex. | bacteria which are infectious by inoculation in lepidoptera have been isolated and characterized from semispecies comprising the drosophila paulistorum complex. these microorganisms are pathogenic toward lepidopteran hosts such as heliothis virescens when introduced by injection of drosophila tissue extracts and have been given the trivial name dple (d. paulistorum lepidopteran entomopathogen). the dple from two of the semispecies, transitional and andean, were determined to be related to proteu ... | 1995 | 7722340 |
| mapping and characterization of the entomocidal domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) protoxin. | the amino acid sequences necessary for entomocidal activity of the cryia(b) protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis were determined. introduction of stop codons behind codons arg601, phe604 or ala607 showed that amino acid residues c-terminal to ala607 are not required for insecticidal activity and that activation by midgut proteases takes place distal to ala607. the two shortest polypeptides, deleted for part of the highly conserved beta-strand, were prone to proteolytic degradation, explaining thei ... | 1995 | 7770056 |
| comparative pathogenesis of autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of trichoplusia ni and heliothis virescens. | we compared early viral pathogenesis and dose-mortality relationships for larvae of two highly susceptible hosts, trichoplusia ni and heliothis virescens, using a construct of acmnpv containing the lacz reporter gene. larvae were inoculated either as newly molted fourth instars (4(0)) or 15 hr after the molt (4(15)). in 4(0)-inoculated larvae, first lacz expression was detected in the midgut epithelium of t. ni at 4 hr postinoculation (hpi) compared to 18 hpi in h. virescens, and systemic infect ... | 1995 | 7778288 |
| interference with function of plasmatocytes of heliothis virescens in vivo by calyx fluid of the parasitoid campoletis sonorensis. | immature stages of the ichneumonid parasitoid, campoletis sonorensis, develop within the haemocoel of its noctuid host, heliothis virescens. the host cannot encapsulate the parasitoid egg owing to the suppressive effect of the polydnavirus-laden calyx fluid injected by the female parasitoid during oviposition. we have examined the effects of injection of calyx fluid on the following haemocytic manifestations of the immune system of 5th-instar larvae of h. virescens: encapsulation, nodulation, ph ... | 1988 | 3345556 |
| in vivo and solid state 13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies of tyrosine metabolism during insect cuticle formation. | 1. tyrosine metabolism during pupation can be followed in living heliothis virescens larvae using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 2. loss of 13c signals from a label at the c-3 position of tyrosine during pupation indicates uptake of tyrosine into solid cuticle. 3. solids 13c nmr spectroscopy of cuticle formed by insects injected with 3-13c labelled tyrosine indicates that little change in chemical shift occurs during cuticle hardening, indicating that the side chain is probably not inv ... | 1988 | 3356137 |
| insect resistance of transgenic plants that express modified bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) and cryic genes: a resistance management strategy. | tobacco and tomato plants were generated exhibiting insect resistance due to the introduction of modified cryia(b) and cryic genes of bacillus thuringiensis. limited modifications at selected regions of the coding sequences of both genes are sufficient to obtain resistance against spodoptera exigua, heliothis virescens and manduca sexta. the criteria used to modify both genes demonstrate that the removal of sequence motifs potentially resulting in premature polyadenylation and transcript instabi ... | 1994 | 7948900 |
| immunochemical characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from different species of lepidoptera. | cross-immunoreactivity of juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) from different species was tested using anti-jhe (trichoplusia ni) (noctuidae) polyclonal antibody. partial cross-reactivity was observed between jhe from hyphantria cunea, isia isabella (arctuidae) and spodoptera exigua (noctuidae) in immunoblot analysis. soluble antigen-antibody complex formation was observed between anti-jhe (t. ni) and antigen(s) from heliothis virescens (noctuidae) during immunotitration of antigen(s). using an elisa ... | 1987 | 3579958 |
| aberrant, canavanyl protein formation and the ability to tolerate or utilize l-canavanine. | l-canavanine, 2-amino-4-(guanidinooxy)butyric acid, and l-arginine incorporation into de novo synthesized proteins was compared in six organisms. utilizing l-[guanidinooxy14c]canavanine and l-[guanidino14c]arginine at substrate saturation, the canavanine to arginine incorporation ratio was determined in de novo synthesized proteins. caryedes brasiliensis and sternechus tuberculatus, canavanine utilizing insects; canavalia ensiformis, a canavanine storing plant; and to a lesser extent heliothis v ... | 1987 | 3582574 |
| two related viral genes are located on a single superhelical dna segment of the multipartite campoletis sonorensis virus genome. | campoletis sonorensis virus (csv) (polydnaviridae) is a large eucaryotic dna virus with a structurally complex genome consisting of 28 or more superhelical (sh) dna segments. little is known of the relationship between different sh dnas, but some sh dnas do cross hybridize, indicating a relatedness between certain sh dnas. in a previous study of viral expression in parasitized heliothis virescens larvae, several partially homologous viral mrnas were also identified (g. w. blissard, s. b. vinson, ... | 1987 | 3629971 |
| analogous recognition of phospholipids by insect phagocytes and mammalian macrophages. | phagocytic cells from larvae of the moth heliothis virescens and peritoneal macrophages of mice were observed to preferentially bind negatively charged phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylserine as compared to neutral or positively charged vesicles. since phagocytes have retained their primitive function of endocytosis throughout evolution, the recognition of negatively charged phospholipids may be a primitive mechanism for the identification of potential targets ... | 1986 | 3703877 |
| molecular analysis of campoletis sonorensis virus dna in the lepidopteran host heliothis virescens. | nucleic acid hybridization techniques were used to analyse the fate of campoletis sonorensis virus (csv) dnas in naturally parasitized and virus-injected heliothis virescens larvae. viral dna persisted in injected h. virescens larvae from 0 to 10 days post-injection but no increase in the amount of viral dna could be detected. similarly, no increase in the amount of viral dna was detected in naturally parasitized h. virescens larvae before the development of the c. sonorensis pupae. however, a d ... | 1986 | 3746255 |
| insecticidal activity of the cryiia protein from the nrd-12 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki expressed in escherichia coli and bacillus thuringiensis and in a leaf-colonizing strain of bacillus cereus. | a 4.0-kb bamhi-hindiii fragment encoding the cryiia operon from the nrd-12 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was cloned into escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the 2.2-kb acci-hindiii fragment containing the nrd-12 cryiia gene was identical to the hd-1 and hd-263 cryiia gene sequences. expression of cryiia and subsequent purification of cryiia inclusion bodies resulted in a protein with insecticidal activity against heliothis virescens, trichoplusia ni, and culex quinqu ... | 1994 | 8161182 |
| in vitro host range of five baculoviruses in lepidopteran cell lines. | the in vitro host range of five nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npv) was assessed in five lepidopteran cell lines from three genera. multiple-enveloped baculoviruses of autographa californica (acmnpv), trichoplusia ni (tnmnpv), and galleria mellonella (gmmnpv) replicated in cells of t. ni, spodoptera frugiperda, and heliothis virescens to a titer of approximately 10(7) tcid50/ml. the multiple-enveloped baculovirus of s. frugiperda (sfmnpv) replicated only in s. frugiperda cells. the single-envelop ... | 1985 | 3988484 |
| a radiometric assay for determining the incorporation of l-canavanine or l-arginine into protein. | procedures for a radiometric assay of l-[guanidinooxy-14c]canavanine were developed which provide a convenient and accurate measure of the incorporation of [14c]canavanine into de novo-synthesized proteins. these methods are also applicable to determining [14c]arginine incorporation into protein. these procedures have been employed to study the synthesis of l-[guanidinooxy-14c]canavanine- and l-[guanidino-14c]arginine-containing proteins from the hemolymph of manduca sexta and heliothis virescen ... | 1985 | 4014686 |
| expression of 65- and 67-kilodalton heat-regulated proteins and a 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein of leishmania donovani in macrophages. | heat shock protein (hsp) expression was examined in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with stationary-phase promastigotes of leishmania donovani. immunoblotting performed with a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against hsp60 from heliothis virescens (moth) revealed the de novo appearance of 65- and 67-kda proteins in leishmania-infected macrophages. a third protein of 60 kda, which represented murine hsp60, was also detected, and its expression did not change in response to infec ... | 1993 | 8335360 |
| kdr-type resistance in insects with special reference to the german cockroach, blattella germanica. | the phenomenon of knockdown resistance (kdr) was first noted in the housefly (musca domestica), and has subsequently be found (i.e. kdr-type resistance) in several other insect pests including the german cockroach (blattella germanica). this type of resistance causes insensitivity of the nervous system to pyrethroids, ddt and a limited number of sodium channel neurotoxins. in the german cockroach, kdr-type resistance is incompletely recessive, monogenic and not sex linked or due to cytoplasmic f ... | 1994 | 7553340 |
| insect-resistant chrysanthemum calluses by introduction of a bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | a 3'-end truncated crystal protein gene, derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subsp. aizawai 7.21, encoding the toxic fragment of the insecticidal protein cryia(b), was constructed. the gene was inserted into a transformation vector, also carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene and the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene, and introduced in the oncogenic agrobacterium tumefaciens strain a281, harbouring the ti-plasmid ptibo542. the recombinant agrobacterium strain was used to trans ... | 1993 | 8353535 |