| occurrence of an invertebrate iridescent-like virus (iridoviridae) in reptiles. | viral isolates were obtained in 1998, 1999 and 2000 from the lung, liver and intestine of two bearded dragons (pogona vitticeps) and a chameleon (chamaeleo quadricornis) and from the skin of a frill-necked lizard (chamydosaurus kingii) by using viper heart cells (vh2) at 28 degrees c. electron microscopic examination of infected vh2 cells revealed the assembly of icosahedral iridovirus-like particles measuring 139 nm (side to side) and 151 nm (apex to apex). negatively stained virus particles ha ... | 2001 | 11765804 |
| a na+-dependent electrogenic glutamate transporter current in voltage-clamped cells of corpora allata in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | application of l-glutamate (1 mm) to corpora allata cells of the adult male cricket gryllus bimaculatus caused a membrane depolarization of 5.9+/-0.3 mv (mean +/- se) from a resting potential of -62.2+/-1.3 mv (n=57). the underlying mechanism for this depolarization was studied by applying the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. application of l-glutamate (1 mm) elicited an inward current that peaked at 8.1+/-0.7 na (n = 73) at a holding potential of-50 mv. both l- and d-aspartate also induce ... | 2001 | 11409627 |
| characterization of an iridescent virus isolated from gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera: gryllidae). | we have isolated an iridescent virus from commercially produced colonies of gryllus bimaculatus in germany, which showed apparent mortality. transmission electron microscopy studies on adult cricket specimens revealed the paracrystalline assembly of icosahedral virus particles in the cytoplasm of hypertrophied abdominal fat body cells. the infecting agent could be cultivated in the lepidopteran cell line sf-9, where it caused cytopathogenic effects such as cell hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuoliza ... | 2001 | 11161994 |
| [a morphofunctional analysis of the hemocytes in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera: gryllidae) normally and in acute microsporidiosis due to nosema grylli]. | microsporidians (m) are supposed to be ancient eukaryotic parasites with a broad range of animal hosts, being especially abundant in arthropoda. they are supposed to pass a long way of adaptation to parasitism, that usually means inhibiting or avoiding host immune reactions alongside with the reduction of pathogenicity. however m, unlike other eukaryotic obligate parasites, preserved a high pathogenicity, comparable with one of viruses, and thus they could be expected to possess a unique mode of ... | 2000 | 11089250 |
| characterization of a new iridovirus isolated from crickets and investigations on the host range | typical signs of an iridovirus infection were observed in two species of fatally diseased crickets, gryllus campestris l. and acheta domesticus l. (orthoptera, gryllidae). the infection was manifested by hypertrophy and bluish iridescence of the affected fat body cells. electron microscope investigations led to the identification of a new iridovirus, which was termed cricket iridovirus (criv). in negatively stained preparations the size of the icosahedral virus particles ranged from 151 nm (side ... | 1999 | 9878293 |
| reassessment of the taxonomic position of rickettsiella grylli. | we determined the 16s rrna gene sequence of rickettsiella grylli, an intracellular parasite of gryllus bimaculatus and related species of crickets. phylogenetic inferences made from alignment of this sequence with the sequences of other bacteria demonstrated that r. grylli is most closely related to coxiella burnetii and legionella species in the gamma subclass of the phylum proteobacteria. r. grylli was previously thought to be related to members of the order rickettsiales, but the representati ... | 1997 | 9336939 |
| application of the nitroblue tetrazolium-reduction method for studies on the production of reactive oxygen species in insect haemocytes. | the in vitro generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in haemocytes of galleria mellonella, aporia crataegi, dendrolimus sibiricus, aglais urticae (lepidoptera) and gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera), was studied by the method of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction. formazan formation (product of nbt reduction) was observed in haemocytes of all the insects examined, except a. urticae. lypopolysaccharide and zymosan reduced the number of nbt-positive cells after 1 h incubation and an increase ... | 2001 | 11545444 |
| [on the experimental infection of gryllus bimaculatus and g. capitatus (orthoptera) by rickettsiella grylli, rickettsiosis agent in orthoptera]. | | 1968 | 5753287 |
| localization of octopaminergic neurones in insects. | this paper reviews data on the localization of octopaminergic neurons revealed by immunocytochemistry in insects, primarily the locusts schistocerca gregaria and locusta migratoria, cricket gryllus bimaculatus, and cockroach periplaneta americana. supporting evidence for their octopaminergic nature is mentioned where available. in orthopteran ventral ganglia, the major classes of octopamine-like immunoreactive (-li) neurones include: (1) efferent dorsal and ventral unpaired median (dum, vum) neu ... | 1995 | 7712064 |
| the antennal motor system of crickets: proctolin in slow and fast motoneurons as revealed by double labelling. | this study describes proctolin-like immunoreactivity (pli) of identified antennal motoneurons in the brain of adult crickets (gryllus bimaculatus). the motoneurons were first backfilled with the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow and then immunohistochemically labelled with an antibody against proctolin. altogether 14 of the 17 excitatory antennal motoneurons, including physiologically fast and slow types, showed pli. the only common inhibitor consistently demonstrated a weak positive pli. pli was a ... | 1994 | 8075824 |
| sequence analyses of two neuropeptides of the akh/rpch-family from the lubber grasshopper, romalea microptera. | two neuropeptides with adipokinetic activity in locusta migratoria and hypertrehalosaemic activity in periplaneta americana were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography from the corpus cardiacum of the lubber grasshopper, romalea microptera. the sequences of both peptides, designated ro i and ro ii, were determined by gas-phase sequencing employing edman degradation after the n-terminal pyroglutamate residue was enzymatically deblocked, as well as by fast atom bombardment mass spectro ... | 1988 | 3226948 |
| phylogenetic study of the arginine-vasotocin/arginine-vasopressin-like immunoreactive system in invertebrates. | 1. a phylogenetic study of arg-vasotocin (avt)/arg-vasopressin (avp)-like immunoreactive cells was performed by the pap method in the central nervous system of invertebrates. 2. the immunoreactivity was detected in the nerve cells of hydra magnipapillata of the coelenterata; neanthes japonica and pheretima communissima of the annelida; pomacea canaliculata, aplysia kurodai, oncidium verrucosum, bradybaena similaris, achatina fulica, limax marginatus and meretrix lamarckii of the mollusca; gnorim ... | 1988 | 2907440 |
| phylogenetic study of the oxytocin-like immunoreactive system in invertebrates. | 1. a phylogenetic study of oxytocin (oxt)-like immunoreactive cells was performed by the pap method in the central nervous system of invertebrates. 2. the immunoreactivity was detected in the nerve cells of hydra magnipapillata of the coelenterata; neanthes japonica and pheretima communissima of the annelida; oncidium verrucosum, limax marginatus and meretrix lamarckii of the mollusca; and baratha brassica of the arthropoda. 3. no immunoreactive cells were found in bipalium sp. of the platyhelmi ... | 1988 | 2907439 |
| functional analysis of the allatostatin-a type gene in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus and the armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) gene interference is an efficient method to silence gene expression in a sequence specific manner. here we show, that dsrna targeting the allatostatin (as)-a type (fgl/i/v-amide) gene of gryllus bimaculatus (ensifera, gryllidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera, noctuidae) injected into freshly moulted larvae or adult crickets and moths produced a rapid and long-lasting reduction in the mrna levels in various tissues. the effect lasted up to 7 days. following ds ... | 2006 | 16731345 |
| a primary culture of haemocytes isolated from gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera, gryllidae) and their interactions with two intracellular parasites--paranosema grylli (microsporidia) and adelina grylli (coccidia). | cricket haemocytes were derived from either haemolymph or haemopoietic organs (lymph glands) of insects and introduced to a primary culture. varied isolation protocols, tissue culture vessels, media compositions and cell densities were tested to determine the optimal conditions for in vitro maintenance of haemocytes, and for subsequent light and electron microscopic analysis of monolayers. freshly prepared mitsuhashi and maramorosh (mm;sigma, steinheim, germany) insect medium (420 mosm), buffere ... | 2005 | 16708837 |
| purification, characterisation and titre of the haemolymph juvenile hormone binding proteins from schistocerca gregaria and gryllus bimaculatus. | juvenile hormone binding proteins (jhbps) were extracted from the haemolymph of adult desert locusts, schistocerca gregaria, and mediterranean field crickets, gryllus bimaculatus. the jhbps were purified by polyethyleneglycol precipitation, filtration through molecular weight cut off filters and chromatography on a hitrap heparin column. the juvenile hormone (jh) binding activity of the extracts was measured using a hydroxyapatite assay and the purification progress was monitored by native gel c ... | 2006 | 16384579 |
| genotoxic evaluation of the biocomponents of the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus, using three mutagenicity tests. | the mutagenic potential of the extracted components of gryllus bimaculatus, a species of cricket, was evaluated using short-term genotoxicity tests including the ames, chromosome aberration, and micronuclei tests. in a salmonella typhimurium assay, g. bimaculatus extract did not produce any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of s9 mix with ta98, ta100, ta1535, and ta1537. chromosome aberration testing showed that g. bimaculatus had no significant effect on chinese hamster ovary (cho) ... | 2005 | 16326427 |
| cellular localization of bursicon using antisera against partial peptide sequences of this insect cuticle-sclerotizing neurohormone. | bursicon is the final neurohormone released at the end of the molting cycle. it triggers the sclerotization (tanning) of the insect cuticle. until now, its existence has been verified only by bioassays. in an attempt to identify this important neurohormone, bursicon was purified from homogenates of 2,850 nerve cords of the cockroach periplaneta americana by using high performance liquid chromatography technology and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. bursicon bioactivity was found in four dist ... | 2002 | 12271490 |
| comparative analysis of the genome and host range characteristics of two insect iridoviruses: chilo iridescent virus and a cricket iridovirus isolate. | the iridovirus isolate termed cricket iridovirus (criv) was isolated in 1996 from gryllus campestris l. and acheta domesticus l. (both orthoptera, gryllidae). criv dna shows distinct dna restriction patterns different from those known for insect iridescent virus type 6 (iiv-6). this observation led to the assumption that criv might be a new species within the family iridoviridae. criv can be transmitted perorally to orthopteran species, resulting in specific, fatal diseases. these species includ ... | 2002 | 11807240 |
| [protein glycosylation in the spores of the microsporidia paranosema (antonospora) grylli]. | long adaptation of microsporidia, a large group of fungi-related protozoa, to intracellular lifestyle has resulted in drastic minimization of a parasite cell. thus, diversity of carbohydrates in microsporidia glycoproteins and proteoglycans is expected to be restricted by o-linked manno-oligosaccharides because three genes involved in o-mannosylation of proteins and no components of n-linked glycosylation machinery were found in genome of human pathogen encephalitozoon cuniculi. in this study we ... | 2007 | 17918346 |
| rapid quantification of juvenile hormones and their metabolites in insect haemolymph by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). | a simple, fast and sensitive method was developed for routine determination of juvenile hormone (jh), jh diols and jh acids in insect haemolymph, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). sample clean-up involves the precipitation of proteins by methanol/isooctane (1:1, v/v), centrifugation and partial evaporation of the organic solvents. since jh is bound to a carrier protein in the haemolymph, a binding protein (bp) assay was performed to ensure jh is removed during precipitation. th ... | 2004 | 15057500 |
| the development of gravity sensory systems during periods of altered gravity dependent sensory input. | gravity related behavior and the underlying neuronal networks are the most suitable model systems to study basic effects of altered gravitational input on the development of neuronal systems. a feature of sensory and motor systems is their susceptibility to modifications of their adequate physical and/or chemical stimuli during development. this discovery led to the formulation about critical periods, which defines the period of susceptibility during post-embryonal development. critical periods ... | 2003 | 14631632 |
| establishment of the new genus paranosema based on the ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of the type species paranosema grylli gen. nov., comb. nov. (sokolova, selezniov, dolgikh, issi 1994), from the cricket gryllus bimaculatus deg. | the ultrastructure of the microsporidian parasite nosema grylli, which parasitizes primarily fat body cells and haemocytes of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera, gryllidae) is described. all observed stages (meront, meront/sporont transitional stage ("second meront"), sporont, sporoblast, and spore) are found in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. nuclei are diplokaryotic during almost all stages of the life cycle, but a brief stage with one nucleus containing an abundance of e ... | 2003 | 14726239 |
| place memory in crickets. | certain insect species are known to relocate nest or food sites using landmarks, but the generality of this capability among insects, and whether insect place memory can be used in novel task settings, is not known. we tested the ability of crickets to use surrounding visual cues to relocate an invisible target in an analogue of the morris water maze, a standard paradigm for spatial memory tests on rodents. adult female gryllus bimaculatus were released into an arena with a floor heated to an av ... | 2008 | 18230590 |
| loss-of-function analyses of the fragile x-related and dopamine receptor genes by rna interference in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | in order to explore a possibility that the cricket gryllus bimaculatus would be a useful model to unveil molecular mechanisms of human diseases, we performed loss-of-function analyses of gryllus genes homologous to human genes that are responsible for human disorders, fragile x mental retardation 1 (fmr1) and dopamine receptor (dopr). we cloned cdnas of their gryllus homologues, gb'fmr1, gb'dopri, and gb'doprii, and analyzed their functions with use of nymphal rna interference (rnai). for gb'fmr ... | 2009 | 19618465 |
| neuropeptides associated with the regulation of feeding in insects. | the stomatogastric nervous system plays a pivotal role in feeding behaviour. central to this system is the frontal ganglion, which is responsible for foregut motor activity, and hence the passage of food through the gut. many insect peptides, which exhibit myoactivity on the visceral muscles of the gut in vitro, have been detected in the stomatogastric nervous system by immunochemical or mass spectrometric techniques. this localisation of myoactive peptides, particularly in the frontal ganglion, ... | 2009 | 18775723 |
| rna interference of timeless gene does not disrupt circadian locomotor rhythms in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | molecular studies revealed that autoregulatory negative feedback loops consisting of so-called "clock genes" constitute the circadian clock in drosophila. however, this hypothesis is not fully supported in other insects and is thus to be examined. in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus, we have previously shown that period (per) plays an essential role in the rhythm generation. in the present study, we cloned cdna of the clock gene timeless (tim) and investigated its role in the cricket circadian os ... | 2010 | 20637213 |
| susceptibility of north-american and european crickets to acheta domesticus densovirus (addnv) and associated epizootics. | the european house cricket, acheta domesticus l., is highly susceptible to a. domesticus densovirus (addnv). commercial rearings of crickets in europe are frequently decimated by this pathogen. mortality was predominant in the last larval stage and young adults. infected a. domesticus were smaller, less active, did not jump as high, and the adult females seldom lived more than 10-14 days. the most obvious pathological change was the completely empty digestive caecae. infected tissues included ad ... | 2010 | 21167171 |
| morphological characterization of neurons projecting to the ring gland in the larval blow fly, protophormia terraenovae. | the cephalic neuroendocrine system of the larval blow fly, protophormia terraenovae was studied by backfills using either horseradish peroxidase or nicl2, and peptide immunocytochemistry. backfills through a proximal part of the ring gland mainly revealed three groups of neurons: (1) neurons with somata in the pars intercerebralis (pi) of the protocerebrum, (2) neurons with somata in the pars lateralis (pl) of the protocerebrum, and (3) neurons with somata in the subesophageal ganglion (seg). de ... | 2009 | 19341345 |
| behavioral fever and therapy in a rickettsia-infected orthoptera. | gryllus bimaculatus were infected with an intracellular prokaryote, rickettsiella grylli, then reared either at fixed temperatures or in a temperature gradient (22-36 degrees c) where they could select the temperature they preferred. only 50% of the infected insects reared at 28 degrees c or less survived after 20 days, against 75% of those reared at 30 degrees c or more and 90% of those in the temperature gradient. examination of smears of insect tissue showed that all (100%) of the infected in ... | 1986 | 3755009 |
| activity of giant interneurones and other wind-sensitive elements of the terminal ganglion in the walking cricket | using intracellular recording techniques in stationary walking crickets (gryllus bimaculatus), we have investigated the relationship between locomotion and the activity of interneurones ascending from the terminal ganglion. nine different types of giant interneurones (gi) were characterized during walking and standing. one third of them reduced their activity, while the others enhanced their spike rate, during walking. these physiological properties were strictly correlated with morphological ch ... | 1994 | 9317546 |
| nudiviruses and other large, double-stranded circular dna viruses of invertebrates: new insights on an old topic. | nudiviruses (nvs) are a highly diverse group of large, circular dsdna viruses pathogenic for invertebrates. they have rod-shaped and enveloped nucleocapsids, replicate in the nucleus of infected host cells, and possess interesting biological and molecular properties. the unassigned viral genus nudivirus has been proposed for classification of nudiviruses. currently, the nudiviruses comprise five different viruses: the palm rhinoceros beetle virus (oryctes rhinoceros nv, ornv), the hz-1 virus (he ... | 2009 | 19460388 |
| lowfat, a mammalian lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the dachsous/fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†. | in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus, missing distal parts of amputated legs are regenerated from blastemas based on positional information. the dachsous/fat (ds/ft) signaling pathway regulates blastema cell proliferation and positional information along the longitudinal axis during leg regeneration. herein, we show that the gryllus homologue of lowfat (gb'lft), which modulates ds/ft signaling in drosophila, is involved in leg regeneration. gb'lft is expressed in regenerating legs, and rnai agains ... | 2011 | 21538682 |
| quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods. | insects with complex life-cycles should optimize age and size at maturity during larval development. when inhabiting seasonal environments, organisms have limited reproductive periods and face fundamental decisions: individuals that reach maturity late in season have to either reproduce at a small size or increase their growth rates. increasing growth rates is costly in insects because of higher juvenile mortality, decreased adult survival or increased susceptibility to parasitism by bacteria an ... | 2011 | 22187084 |
| differential gene expression during compensatory sprouting of dendrites in the auditory system of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | neurones that lose their presynaptic partners because of injury usually retract or die. however, when the auditory interneurones of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus are denervated, dendrites respond by growing across the midline and forming novel synapses with the opposite auditory afferents. suppression subtractive hybridization was used to detect transcriptional changes 3 days after denervation. this is a stage at which we demonstrate robust compensatory dendritic sprouting. whereas 49 unique c ... | 2009 | 19453768 |
| developmental gene discovery in a hemimetabolous insect: de novo assembly and annotation of a transcriptome for the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | most genomic resources available for insects represent the holometabola, which are insects that undergo complete metamorphosis like beetles and flies. in contrast, the hemimetabola (direct developing insects), representing the basal branches of the insect tree, have very few genomic resources. we have therefore created a large and publicly available transcriptome for the hemimetabolous insect gryllus bimaculatus (cricket), a well-developed laboratory model organism whose potential for functional ... | 2013 | 23671567 |
| ultrastructural analysis supports transferring nosema whitei weiser 1953 to the genus paranosema and creation a new combination, paranosema whitei. | the current ultrastructural description of nosema whitei is in agreement with the genus definition of paranosema [sokolova, y.y., dolgikh, v.v., morzhina, e.v., nassonova, e.s., issi, i.v., terry, r.s., ironside, j.e., smith, j.e., vossbrinck, c.r., 2003. establishment of the new genus paranosema based on the ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of the type species paranosema grylli gen. nov., comb. nov (sokolova, selezniov, dolgikh, issi 1994), from the cricket gryllus bimaculatus deg. journa ... | 2005 | 16083902 |
| immunocytochemical identification of the major exospore protein and three polar-tube proteins of the microsporidia paranosema grylli. | microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites that can infect a wide range of animal hosts with several genera causing opportunistic infections in immunodeficient patients. their spore wall and their unique extrusion apparatus, which has the form of a long polar tube, confer resistance of these parasites against the environment and during host-cell invasion. in contrast to parasites of vertebrates, the spore-wall and polar-tube proteins of many microsporidia species still remain to be cha ... | 2005 | 16048134 |
| [trehalose catabolism in microsporidia nosema grylli spores]. | some differences in trehalose catabolism were found for terrestrial and aquatic microsporidian species (undeen, van der meer, 1999). in microsporidia species from aquatic hosts, the spore extrusion causes the intrasporal trehalose hydrolysis by trehalase that is followed by the drastic rise of reducing sugars (glucose) concentration. on the contrary, in tested terrestrial microsporidian species, total and reducing sugars remain unchanged through the germination. in this study we demonstrate by m ... | 2013 | 14515511 |
| [peculiarities of metabolism of the microsporidia nosema grylli during the intracellular development]. | a long adaptation of microsporidia to intracellular development supposes the host-derived atp dependence of merogony and sporogony stages. to prove this assumption the activities of ten carbohydrate and energy metabolism enzymes were compared in the microsporidia nosema grylli intracellular stages and mature spores. this species infects the fat body of crickets gryllus bimaculatus. we have demonstrated lower activities of glycolytic enzymes, phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phdh in the metabolic ... | 2013 | 12624965 |
| analysis of antibodies raised against soluble and membrane bound proteins of nosema grylli (microspora) spores. | microsporidia (m), representatives of the phylum microspora, make a world-wide distributed group of intracellular protists, parasitic in the vast number of hosts, from protozoa to primates. in their morpho-functional organization, both very primitive and extremely specialized features are seen definitely combined. data available on rna and dna sequences suggest that m may be the most ancient eukaryotes. by the present, as many as 13 microsporidian species have been recognized as opportunistic pa ... | 2000 | 11216449 |
| activities of enzymes of carbohydrate and energy metabolism of the spores of the microsporidian, nosema grylli. | the presence of 14 enzymes was investigated using purified spores of the microsporidian nosema grylli from fat body of the crickets gryllus bimaculatus. glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49), phosphoglucomutase (ec 5.4.2.2), phosphoglucose isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9), fructose 6-phosphate kinase (ec 2.7.1.11), aldolase (ec 4.1.2.13), 3-phosophoglycerate kinase (ec 2.7.2.3), pyruvate kinase (ec 2.7.1.40) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.8) were detected with activities of 15 ... | 2006 | 9183713 |
| the genome of gryllus bimaculatus nudivirus indicates an ancient diversification of baculovirus-related nonoccluded nudiviruses of insects. | the gryllus bimaculatus nudivirus (gbnv) infects nymphs and adults of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera: gryllidae). gbnv and other nudiviruses such as heliothis zea nudivirus 1 (hznv-1) and oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (ornv) were previously called "nonoccluded baculoviruses" as they share some similar structural, genomic, and replication aspects with members of the family baculoviridae. their relationships to each other and to baculoviruses are elucidated by the sequence of the compl ... | 2007 | 17360757 |
| microsporidia-insect host interactions: teratoid sporogony at the sites of host tissue melanization. | microsporidia paranosema locustae and paranosema grylli infect fat bodies of orthopteran hosts locusta migratoria and gryllus bimaculatus, respectively, and cause formation of nodules consisting of deposits of melanin around heavily infected cells. both species sporadically produce enlarged or malformed (teratoid) spores as a result of abnormal sporogony. proportions of teratospores within melanized nodules were 6-10 times higher than in surrounding non-melanized tissues. the increased numbers o ... | 2007 | 17005193 |
| pigment-dispersing factor sets the night state of the medulla bilateral neurons in the optic lobe of the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | pigment-dispersing factor (pdf) is an octadeca-neuropeptide widely distributed in the insect brain and suggested to be involved in the insect circadian systems. we have examined its effects on the neuronal activity of the brain efferents in the optic stalk including medulla bilateral neurons (mbns) in the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. the mbns are visually responding interneurons connecting the bilateral medulla, which show a clear day/night change in their light responsiveness that is greater d ... | 2003 | 12769998 |
| discovery of novel rickettsiella spp. in ixodid ticks from western canada. | the genomic dna from four species of ixodid ticks in western canada was tested for the presence of rickettsiella by pcr analyses targeting the 16s rrna gene. eighty-eight percent of the ixodes angustus (n = 270), 43% of the i. sculptus (n = 61), and 4% of the i. kingi (n = 93) individuals examined were pcr positive for rickettsiella, whereas there was no evidence for the presence of rickettsiella in dermacentor andersoni (n = 45). three different single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles ... | 2014 | 24334664 |
| mating changes the female dietary preference in the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | most insect species exhibit characteristic behavioral changes after mating. typical post-mating behaviors in female insects include noticeable increases in food intake, elevated oviposition rates, lowered receptivity to courting males, and enhanced immune response. although it has been reported that mated females of several insect species including the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster increase the amount of food intake and change their dietary preferences, the limited number of comparative stu ... | 2014 | 24659970 |
| corazonin and corazonin-like substances in the central nervous system of the pterygote and apterygote insects. | antisera against corazonin were used to investigate distribution of immunoreactive cells in the central nervous system (cns) of representatives of six insect orders: ctenolepisma lineata (zygentoma), locusta migratoria (orthoptera), oxya yezoensis (orthoptera), gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera), pyrrhocoris apterus (hemiptera), arge nigrinodosa (hymenoptera), athalia rosae (hymenoptera), bombyx mori (lepidoptera) and anomala cuprea (coleoptera). corazonin-like immunoreactive (cli) cells were dete ... | 2003 | 12733057 |
| opsin evolution and expression in arthropod compound eyes and ocelli: insights from the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | opsins are key proteins in animal photoreception. together with a light-sensitive group, the chromophore, they form visual pigments which initiate the visual transduction cascade when photoactivated. the spectral absorption properties of visual pigments are mainly determined by their opsins, and thus opsins are crucial for understanding the adaptations of animal eyes. studies on the phylogeny and expression pattern of opsins have received considerable attention, but our knowledge about insect vi ... | 2012 | 22935102 |
| imbalanced hemolymph lipid levels affect feeding motivation in the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | insect feeding behavior is regulated by many intrinsic factors, including hemolymph nutrient levels. adipokinetic hormone (akh) is a peptide factor that modulates hemolymph nutrient levels and regulates the nutritional state of insects by triggering the transfer of lipids into the hemolymph. we recently demonstrated that rna interference (rnai)-mediated knockdown of the akh receptor (akhr) reduces hemolymph lipid levels, causing an increase in the feeding frequency of the two-spotted cricket, gr ... | 2016 | 27144650 |
| microbiology of cooked and dried edible mediterranean field crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (zophobas atratus) submitted to four different heating treatments. | to increase the shelf life of edible insects, modern techniques (e.g. freeze-drying) add to the traditional methods (degutting, boiling, sun-drying or roasting). however, microorganisms become inactivated rather than being killed, and when rehydrated, many return to vegetative stadia. crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (zophobas atratus) were submitted to four different drying techniques (t1 = 10' cooking, 24 h drying at 60℃; t2 = 10' cooking, 24 h drying at 80℃; t3 = 30' cooking, 12 ... | 2017 | 27235993 |
| scavenger deterrent factor (sdf) from symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) in the genera steinernema and heterorhabditis are symbiotically associated with bacteria in the genera xenorhabdus and photorhabdus, respectively. the symbiotic bacteria produce a chemical compound(s) that deterred ants from feeding on nematode-killed insects (i.e., cadavers) and has been previously referred to as an ant deterrent factor (adf). we studied the response of different arthropod scavenger species which included the ant lepisiota frauenfeldi, cricket ... | 2012 | 22446508 |
| a human pathogenic bacterial infection model using the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | invertebrate animal species that can withstand temperatures as high as 37°c, the human body temperature, are limited. in the present study, we utilized the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus, which lives in tropical and subtropical regions, as an animal model of human pathogenic bacterial infection. injection of pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus into the hemolymph killed crickets. injected p. aeruginosa or s. aureus proliferated in the hemolymph until the cricket died. the ab ... | 2016 | 27377894 |
| body-enlarging effect of royal jelly in a non-holometabolous insect species, gryllus bimaculatus. | honeybee royal jelly is reported to have body-enlarging effects in holometabolous insects such as the honeybee, fly and silkmoth, but its effect in non-holometabolous insect species has not yet been examined. the present study confirmed the body-enlarging effect in silkmoths fed an artificial diet instead of mulberry leaves used in the previous literature. administration of honeybee royal jelly to silkmoth from early larval stage increased the size of female pupae and adult moths, but not larvae ... | 2016 | 27185266 |
| gabaergic synaptic connections in mushroom bodies of insect brains. | distribution and synaptic connections of gaba fibres in neuropil parts of the mushroom bodies in brains of crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and bees (apis mellifera) were investigated by immuno-light and electron microscopy. in the inner calyx neuropil of cricket mushroom bodies, gaba fibres are pre- and post-synaptically connected with proximal kenyon cell dendrites, indicating synaptic contacts differing from those of the kenyon cell dendritic tips in the peripheral microglomeruli of the calyces ... | 2008 | 18652390 |
| primary sequence analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of a peptide with adipokinetic activity from the corpora cardiaca of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | the octapeptide akh-g, isolated from the cricket gryllus bimaculatus, stimulates lipid mobilization in both the cricket itself and in migratory locusts. the structure of akh-g has been assigned by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (fabms) as pglu-val-asn-phe-ser-thr-gly-trp-nh2, and it is most closely related to akh ii-s from schistocerca species, which has a leu2 unit. synthetic akh-g, prepared by solid phase techniques, had the same bioactivity as the natural substance. fabms measurement ... | 2012 | 3426616 |
| apolar ecdysteroid esters in adult female crickets, gryllus bimaculatus. | six hours after injection of 0.5 microci 3h-ecdysone into the hemocoele of adult female crickets, several labelled compounds could be separated from hemolymph and tissues by silicic acid column chromatography, tlc, and hplc. the amount of conjugated, polar ecdysteroids was low in all tissues, whereas apolar metabolites were predominant in all tissues. the apolar compound a2, which is the most abundant in quantity, could be hydrolyzed by porcine liver esterase, yielding ecdysone and various long ... | 2014 | 4010474 |
| egf signaling and the origin of axial polarity among the insects. | the eggs of insects are unusual in that they often have bilateral symmetry when they are laid, indicating that both anterior-posterior (ap) and dorsal-ventral (dv) symmetries are broken during oogenesis. the molecular basis of this process is well understood in drosophila melanogaster, in which symmetry breaking events for both axes depend on the asymmetric position of the oocyte nucleus and on germline-soma signaling mediated by the tgf alpha-like epidermal growth factor (egf) ligand gurken. ge ... | 2010 | 20471269 |
| precursor structure, distribution and possible functions of pigment-dispersing hormone (pdh) in the terrestrial isopod armadillidium vulgare (latreille). | pigment-dispersing hormone (pdh) is an 18 amino acid neuropeptide that induces pigment migration in decapoda and serves as a circadian neurotransmitter in the locomotor activity rhythm in drosophila. in this study, a cdna encoding pdh was cloned from adult brains of the pill bug, armadillidium vulgare (av). the cdna comprising 529 bp encodes a peptide (avpdh) that consists of a putative 26 amino acid signal peptide, and a 34 amino acid pdh-precursor-related peptide containing an 18 amino acid ma ... | 2010 | 20637211 |
| distribution of synapses on two local auditory interneurones, on1 and on2, in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket: relationships with gaba-immunoreactive neurones. | in the prothoracic ganglia of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus two local auditory interneurones, on1 and on2, were labelled for electron microscopy by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase following physiological characterisation. the neurones branch in the median ventral association centre and the root of nerve 5 on both sides of the ganglion. as they are very similar in shape and position they may share a common embryological origin. differences are found in the details of the fine ... | 1996 | 8593653 |
| determination by hplc-ria of immunoreactive prostaglandin e2 in blattella germanica and gryllus bimaculatus. | the application of a combined hplc-ria methodology to estimate immunoreactive pge2 levels in two insect species, namely, males of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera, gryllidae) and males and females of blattella germanica (dictyoptera, blattellidae) is reported. from the results obtained, it can be concluded that, whereas in the crickets the presence of a female does exert a stimulating effect on the pge2 levels of the male, in cockroaches nonsignificant differences on pge2 contents wer ... | 1986 | 3470861 |
| origins and activation of prophenoloxidases in the digestive tract of the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | the function of phenoloxidases (pos) in sclerotization and defense in insects is well understood, but little is known concerning their occurrence, origins, and function in the digestive tract. in gyrllus bimaculatus gut all of the po activity is found in the lumen of the digestive tract, and no detectible activity is found in homogenates of the gut epithelium or secretions from incubated epithelial tissues. prophenoloxidases (ppos) are synthesized in the hemocytes of bombyx mori and are transpo ... | 2014 | 25042687 |
| identification of | the neuropeptides inducing dark color in albino nymphs of the migratory locust locusta migratoria were isolated from the larval brain of the silkworm, bombyx mori and from the adult corpora cardiaca (cc) of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus, respectively, and their amino acid sequences identified. the two peptides isolated from the two different species are identical to [arg(7)] corazonin, a neuropeptide known to be present in a cockroach and others. this peptide induces a dark color in albino nym ... | 2000 | 10802096 |
| the effect of dietary cricket meal (gryllus bimaculatus) on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and haematological response of african catfish (clarias gariepinus). | this study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, biomarkers of oxidative stress, catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) as well as the haematological response of african catfish after being fed with fish feed containing different levels of cricket meal. the juvenile fish were assigned to three different treatments with isonitrogenous (35 %) and isoenergetic (19 kj g(-1)) diets containing 100 % cricket meal (100 % cm), 75 % cricket meal (75 ... | 2016 | 26886132 |
| newly identified allatostatin bs and their receptor in the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | a cdna encoding allatostatin bs (astbs) containing the w(x)6w motif was identified using a database generated by a next generation sequencer (ngs) in the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. the contig sequence revealed the presence of five novel putative astbs (gbastbs) in addition to gbastbs previously identified in g. bimaculatus. maldi-tof ms analyses revealed the presence of these novel and previously identified gbastbs with three missing gbastbs. we also identified a cdna encoding g. ... | 2016 | 27018343 |
| the insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development-background, concepts, and tools. | the adult insect brain is composed of neuropils present in most taxa. however, the relative size, shape, and developmental timing differ between species. this diversity of adult insect brain morphology has been extensively described while the genetic mechanisms of brain development are studied predominantly in drosophila melanogaster. however, it has remained enigmatic what cellular and genetic mechanisms underlie the evolution of neuropil diversity or heterochronic development. in this perspect ... | 2016 | 27056385 |
| morphological, molecular, and hormonal basis of limb regeneration across pancrustacea. | regeneration is a developmental process that allows an organism to re-grow a lost body part. historically, the most studied aspect of limb regeneration across pancrustacea is its morphological basis and its dependence on successful molting. although there are distinct morphological differences in regeneration processes between insects and crustaceans, in both groups the phenomenon is initiated via formation of a blastema, followed by proliferation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation of bla ... | 2015 | 26296354 |
| f-actin at identified synapses in the mushroom body neuropil of the insect brain. | the distribution of f-actin stained by fluorescent phalloidin was investigated in the brain of several insect species, with a special focus on the mushroom body. for localizing f-actin in identified neurons and at synapses, additional staining with fluorescent dextrans and anti-synapsin i immunostaining was employed. intense f-actin staining was consistently found in synaptic complexes of the mushroom body calyces (calycal microglomeruli [mg]). these mg contain a central core of presynaptic bout ... | 2004 | 15221947 |
| a conserved genetic mechanism specifies deutocerebral appendage identity in insects and arachnids. | the segmental architecture of the arthropod head is one of the most controversial topics in the evolutionary developmental biology of arthropods. the deutocerebral (second) segment of the head is putatively homologous across arthropoda, as inferred from the segmental distribution of the tripartite brain and the absence of hox gene expression of this anterior-most, appendage-bearing segment. while this homology statement implies a putative common mechanism for differentiation of deutocerebral app ... | 2015 | 25948691 |
| a comparative study on hypertrehalosaemic hormones in the hymenoptera: sequence determination, physiological actions and biological significance. | a new hypertrehalosaemic peptide (tea-hrth; pqlnfstgwgg-nh(2)) was isolated from the corpora cardiaca (cc) of the sawfly tenthredo arcuata. the hypertrehalosaemic peptides found in the cc of five bombus species and the paper wasp polistes fuscata were identical to the adipokinetic hormone ii of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (scg-akh-ii). the hypertrehalosaemic peptides found in the yellowjacket vespula vulgaris and the hornet vespa crabro were identical to the adipokinetic hormone of ... | 2001 | 11249944 |
| separation of oviposition-stimulating peptides and myotropic factors from head extracts of galleria mellonella l.: comparative effects of myotropic and non-myotropic factors on egg laying. | methanolic extracts from heads of the wax moth, galleria mellonella l. contain several factors that stimulate oviposition of virgin females in vivo and spontaneous contractions of the oviduct in vitro of the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. the myotropic and egg-laying activities behaved distinctly during all steps of purification, including fractionation on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. a novel neuropeptide was isolated from galleria mellonella. the peptide does not increas ... | 1995 | 7622672 |
| cricket body size is altered by systemic rnai against insulin signaling components and epidermal growth factor receptor. | a long-standing problem of developmental biology is how body size is determined. in drosophila melanogaster, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (i/igf) and target of rapamycin (tor) signaling pathways play important roles in this process. however, the detailed mechanisms by which insect body growth is regulated are not known. therefore, we have attempted to utilize systemic nymphal rna interference (nyrnai) to knockdown expression of insulin signaling components including insulin receptor (i ... | 2011 | 21777227 |
| imaging of transgenic cricket embryos reveals cell movements consistent with a syncytial patterning mechanism. | the mode of insect embryogenesis varies among species, reflecting adaptations to different life history strategies [1, 2]. in holometabolous insects, which include the model systems, such as the fruit fly and the red flour beetle, a large proportion of the blastoderm produces an embryo, whereas hemimetabolous embryos generally arise from a small region of the blastoderm [3]. despite their importance in evolutionary studies, information of early developmental dynamics of hemimetabolous insects re ... | 2010 | 20800488 |
| rna interference of the clock gene period disrupts circadian rhythms in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | periodic expression of so-called clock genes is an essential part of the circadian clock. in drosophila melanogaster the cyclic expression of per and tim through an autoregulatory feedback loop is believed to play a central role in circadian rhythm generation. however, it is still elusive whether this hypothesis is applicable to other insect species. here it is shown that per gene plays a key role in the rhythm generation in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. measurement of per mrna levels in the ... | 2008 | 18663238 |
| embryonic development of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | extensive research into drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis has improved our understanding of insect developmental mechanisms. however, drosophila development is thought to be highly divergent from that of the ancestral insect and arthropod in many respects. we therefore need alternative models for arthopod development that are likely to be more representative of basally-branching clades. the cricket gryllus bimaculatus is such a model, and currently has the most sophisticated functional genet ... | 2016 | 25907229 |
| the two-spotted cricket gryllus bimaculatus: an emerging model for developmental and regeneration studies. | introductionthe two-spotted cricket gryllus bimaculatus de geer (orthoptera: gryllidae), which is one of the most abundant cricket species, inhabits the tropical and subtropical regions of asia, africa, and europe. g. bimaculatus can be easily bred in the laboratory and has been widely used to study insect physiology and neurobiology. recently, this species has become established as a model animal for studies on molecular mechanisms of development and regeneration because its mode of development ... | 2008 | 21356736 |
| expression patterns of the homeotic genes scr, antp, ubx, and abd-a during embryogenesis of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | we have studied embryogenesis of the two-spotted cricket gryllus bimaculatus as an example of a hemimetabolous, intermediate germ insect, which is a phylogenetically basal insect and may retain primitive features. we observed expression patterns of the orthologs of the drosophila homeotic genes, sex combs reduced (scr), antennapedia (antp), ultrabithorax (ubx) and abdominal-a (abd-a) during embryogenesis and compared the expression patterns of these genes with the more basal thysanuran insect, t ... | 2005 | 15749077 |
| antenna and all gnathal appendages are similarly transformed by homothorax knock-down in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | our understanding of the developmental mechanisms underlying the vast diversity of arthropod appendages largely rests on the peculiar case of the dipteran drosophila melanogaster. in this insect, homothorax (hth) and extradenticle (exd) together play a pivotal role in appendage patterning and identity. we investigated the role of the hth homologue in the cricket gryllus bimaculatus by parental rna interference. this species has a more generalized morphology than oncopeltus fasciatus, the one oth ... | 2008 | 18061158 |
| correlation of diversity of leg morphology in gryllus bimaculatus (cricket) with divergence in dpp expression pattern during leg development. | insects can be grouped into mainly two categories, holometabolous and hemimetabolous, according to the extent of their morphological change during metamorphosis. the three thoracic legs, for example, are known to develop through two overtly different pathways: holometabolous insects make legs through their imaginal discs, while hemimetabolous legs develop from their leg buds. thus, how the molecular mechanisms of leg development differ from each other is an intriguing question. in the holometabo ... | 2000 | 11003837 |
| extrachromosomal transposition of the transposable element minos in embryos of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. | effective germline transformation of insects has been shown to depend on the right choice of transposon system and selection marker. in this study the promoter region of a gryllus cytoplasmic actin (gba3/4) gene was isolated and characterized, and was used to drive the expression of minos transposase in embryos of the cricket gryllus bimaculatus. active minos transposase was produced in these embryos as monitored through established transposon excision and interplasmid transposition assays. in c ... | 2002 | 12392574 |
| acetylcholine, gaba, glutamate and no as putative transmitters indicated by immunocytochemistry in the olfactory mushroom body system of the insect brain. | the distribution of glutamate, gaba and chat and of nadph-diaphorase was immunocytochemically and histochemically investigated in the mushroom bodies of the cricket (gryllus bimaculatus) and of the fruitfly (drosophila melanogaster). glutamate and no are considered as putative transmitters of mushroom body kenyon cell types. in the input area (calyces) of the mushroom bodies of drosophila, the majority of olfactory projection neurons is stained with antibodies against chat. in addition, small ga ... | 2000 | 11034160 |
| tissue-specific promoter usage and diverse splicing variants of found in neurons, an ancestral hu/elav-like rna-binding protein gene of insects, in the direct-developing insect gryllus bimaculatus. | hu/elav-like rna-binding proteins (rbps) are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of rna metabolism including splicing, transport, translational control and turnover. the hu/elav-like rbp genes are predominantly expressed in neurons, and are therefore used as common neuronal markers in many animals. although the expression patterns and functions of the hu/elav-like rbp genes have been extensively studied in the model insect drosophila melanogaster, little is known in basal direct-deve ... | 2014 | 24382152 |
| a new spiroplasma isolate from the field cricket (gryllus bimaculatus) in taiwan. | we briefly described the morphology and transmission pathway of a spiroplasma sp. isolated from the field cricket, gryllus bimaculatus in taiwan, followed by the phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence. the cricket spiroplasma infected the hemolymph, gut, muscle tissues and tracheal cells; therefore we suggest that the pathogen invaded tissues and organs from the hemolymph through the tracheal system and the endoplasmic reticular system. based on 16s rrna gene sequences and the ... | 2014 | 24801581 |
| karyological observations on gryllus sp. (gryllidae, orthoptera). 1. karyotypes of gryllus bimaculatus deg. and gryllus campestris l. | | 1980 | 7428982 |
| a microinjection technique using drosophila melanogaster for bioassay-guided isolation of neurotoxins in arthropod venoms. | modern analytical techniques permit isolation and structural determination of neurotoxins at the picomole level. however, bioassay-guided fractionation of the sample often relies on simple injection assays using insects, vertebrates or crustaceans of a fairly large size, thus consuming quite a large amount of the samples being investigated. in order to investigate samples of very small size, we have devised an insect microinjection method using glass micropipettes and drosophila melanogaster adu ... | 1995 | 8866612 |