| gamma-aminobutric acid and glutamate decarboxylas (l-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase e.c. 4.1.1.15) in the nervous system of the cockroach, periplaneta americana.i.regional distribution and properties of the enzyme. | both the central and peripheral nervous system of the cockroach periplaneta americana contain gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and glutamate decarboxylase (gad). in the central ganglia of the cockroach, an average of more that 60 mumoles of gaba are formed from glutamate (glu) per gram wet weight of tissue per hour. this activity level of the gad apoenzyme is considerably higher than that found in the central nervous system of crustaceans, amphibians, avians and mammals but is similar to that repo ... | 1975 | 235345 |
| effects of antibiotics on the survival of salmonella in the american cockroach. | the faecal survival of salmonella typhimurium orally administered to restrained american cockroaches maintained on an antibiotic diet was investigated. significant reductions in median numbers of total aerobic faecal microorganisms were noted in insects fed antibiotics daily, and when salmonella was introduced to this modified micro-environment, it persisted for 44 days in all specimens. multiplication of the pathogen was also observed in these insects, with numbers often exceeding 10(3) times t ... | 1977 | 336789 |
| cockroaches as vectors of sarcocystis muris and of other coccidia in the laboratory. | to assess the roles of the german cockroach (blatella germanica) and the american cockroach (periplaneta americana) in the transmission of sarcocystis muris and of 3 other coccidia of cats-toxoplasma gondii, isospora felis, and isospora rivolta, cockroaches exposed to feces containing these coccidia were periodically fed to mice, as was a portion of the fecal matter. sarcocystis muris sporocysts, which in feces remained infectious for at least 20 days, were also transmitted to mice by p. america ... | 1978 | 417163 |
| intestinal microbial flora of the of the american cockroach, periplaneta americana l. | a morphological study employing scanning and transmission electron microscopy was made by the alimentary tract of the american cockroach, periplaneta americana l. a. complex microbiota of diverse morphology, which could not be readily dislodged, was observed and found to be restricted to the hindgut, particularly the colon. numerous filamentous forms were noted, and some are described, including the morphologically distinct methanospirillum. flora was noted attached to the cuticular lining and c ... | 1979 | 543705 |
| immunolatex localization by scanning electron microscopy of intestinal bacteria from cockroaches. | an immunolatex reagent was developed from antiserum to fusobacterium varium, an obligate anaerobe isolated from the colon of the cockroach, periplaneta americana l. a new technique that enabled the preparation of a highly efficient immunolatex conjugate was used to localize the bacterium with scanning electron microscopy, in situ, in the mixed gut contents. | 1978 | 623460 |
| salmonella in the american cockroach: evaluation of vector potential through dosed feeding experiments. | restrained american cockroaches, periplaneta americana l., were fed graded doses of salmonella typhimurium ranging from 1-6 x 10(3) to 2-0 x 10(6), and their faeces assayed daily for the pathogen. only 4 specimens out of 117 demonstrated multiplication of salmonellas, which was unrelated to size of input. when data of persistence regardless of actual numbers were expressed as percentage salmonella-positive faecal-days, and these transformed to probits, a graph of percentage-positive faecal-days ... | 1976 | 789761 |
| the cystacanth of moniliformis moniliformis (bremser, 1811) and its relationship with the haemocytes of the intermediate host (periplaneta americana). | the nature of the capsule of the cystacanth of moniliformis moniliformis was studied. fat body, tracheal system, malpighian tubules and haemocytes of the host are intimately associated with the cystacanth. the capsule of the cystacanth is cellular. the cells encapsulating the middle and late acanthellae are granular haemocytes of the host, whereas those encapsulating the cystacanth are agranular. degranulation of haemocytes after encapsulation of the cystacanth recalls the common method for enca ... | 1977 | 919698 |
| fine structure of the rectum in cockroaches (dictyoptera): general organization and intercellular junctions. | the organization of the rectal pads is described in cockroaches belonging to the groups blattoidea (periplaneta americana, blatta orientalis) and blaberoidea (supella supellectillu, blaberus craniifer). in the blattoidea, each pad is composed of two layers (principal and basal cells) and is surrounded by very narrow junctional cells supporting the sclerotized cuticle of the pad frame; basally, the junctional cells abut on to the basal cells. in the blaberoidea, the basal cell layer is discontinu ... | 1976 | 941139 |
| biochemical and physiological effects of chlordimeform. | chlordimeform is a relatively new acaricide/insecticide, whose mode of action we have investigated. it appears to interfere with amine-mediated control of nervous and endocrine systems in a variety of ways. specifically, chlordimeform causes a build-up of the amines 5-hydroxytryptamine and to a lesser extent norepinephrine in the rat brain in vivo, antagonizes the in vivo action of reserpine in the rat (reserpine depletes amine stores in the cns), inhibits monoamine oxidase from rat liver in vit ... | 1976 | 976227 |
| periplaneta americana (l.) as intermediate host of moniliformis moniliformis (bremser) in penang, malaysia. | | 1976 | 1025741 |
| morphology and function of malpighian tubules and associated structures in the cockroach, periplaneta americana. | this paper describes the different regions of the malpighian tubules and the associated structures (ampulla, midgut, ileum) in the cockroach, periplaneta americana. there are about 150 tubules in each insect. each tubule consists of at least three parts. the short distal region is thinner than the other parts and is highly contractile. the middle region comprises most of the tubule length and is composed of primary and stellate cells. primary cells contain numerous refractile mineral concretions ... | 1975 | 1152069 |
| actions of three structurally distinct sea anemone toxins on crustacean and insect sodium channels. | the membrane actions of three recently isolated polypeptide neurotoxins from the sea anemones stichodactyla helianthus (toxin shi), condylactis gigantea (toxin cgii) and calliactis parasitica (toxin cpi) were investigated on action potentials and voltage-clamp membrane currents of the giant axon of the crayfish procambarus clarkii. the first two toxins were also tested on the cockroach (periplaneta americana) giant axon. all three toxins were particularly lethal to crustaceans, moderately toxic ... | 1992 | 1336629 |
| immunochemical properties of the antigens of triatoma infestans. | taxonomically related to the cockroach periplaneta americana (pa), triatoma infestans (ti) is an insect that parasitizes two-thirds of argentina and acts as a vector for american trypanosomiasis. the glycoproteins obtained by a sephadex g-150 column fractionation from the whole-body extract prepared with the chitinous structures revealed antigenicity in rabbits, which developed specific igg after 8 weeks of immunization, as detected by several serological techniques. atopic patients living in th ... | 1992 | 1342895 |
| interstitial pneumonitis induced in guinea-pigs by the antigens of periplaneta americana. | data concerning the experimental induction in guinea-pigs of hypersensitivity pneumonitis with a cockroach antigen are presented. a glycoprotein obtained from the chitinous structures of periplaneta americana was aerosolized daily to guinea-pigs during 12 weeks. the presence of specific antibodies (igg) was detected by serological techniques; histopathological studies of the lungs showed interstitial infiltrates of macrophages and lt-cd8+ cells, as revealed by the moab used. single non-necrotizi ... | 1992 | 1342908 |
| evaluation of the common cockroach periplaneta americana (l.) as carrier of medically important bacteria. | the bacterial flora associated with external body parts, stomach and intestine of male and female periplaneta americana inhabitating students' halls, teachers' residences and houses of low-paid employees in jahangirnagar, university campus were examined and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. the qualitative study in p. americana revealed the presence of 31 species of bacteria belonging to 16 genera. most of these bacteria are pathogenic to man and domestic animals. the total viable bacte ... | 1992 | 1344954 |
| prophenoloxidase activation in the hemolymph of american cockroach, periplanata americana. | prophenoloxidase has been successfully extracted in a stable condition from the hemocytes of periplaneta americana using cane sugar saline solution. other media used to extract prophenoloxidase were found not suitable. among the activators used (trypsin, chymotrypsin, sodium oleate and sds), trypsin activated the proenzyme maximum. activation during electrophoresis resulted in the dissociation of proenzyme in to two sub-units. the enzyme has also been localised by the agarose gel electrophoresis ... | 1992 | 1380338 |
| a new specific antibody reveals octopamine-like immunoreactivity in cockroach ventral nerve cord. | an antiserum was raised in rabbits immunized with octopamine conjugated to thyroglobulin. the specificity of this antiserum for octopamine is shown by dot blot immunoassay analysis. the antiserum does not crossreact with dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin, but slight crossreactivity with the amine tyramine at high concentrations was observed. the tyramine crossreactivity could be eliminated by preabsorption with a tyramine-glutaraldehyde-bsa conjugate. using this antiserum, we describe the t ... | 1992 | 1430305 |
| a general survey of ciliates associated with periplaneta americana (l.) in the central region of saudi arabia. | the aim of this work is to identify and classify different species of ciliates which live in the alimentary canal of periplaneta americana (l.) in the central region of saudi arabia. this insect was chosen because of the direct and indirect relationship to man. identification of ciliates that live in the alimentary canal of this insect may be useful in the future for eradication of insects probably by making an epidemic among such insects. | 1992 | 1500780 |
| primary structures of the hypertrehalosemic peptides from corpora cardiaca of the primitive cockroach polyphaga aegyptiaca. | two hypertrehalosemic neuropeptides from the corpus cardiacum of the cockroach polyphaga aegyptiaca were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and their primary structures were determined by pulsed-liquid phase sequencing employing edman chemistry, after enzymically deblocking the n-terminal pyroglutamate residue. as neither peptide was cleaved by carboxypeptidase, the c-terminus of each peptide was also blocked. both peptides were found to be uncharged octapeptides ... | 1992 | 1505721 |
| susceptibility of cockroaches (dictyoptera: blattellidae, blattidae) to infection by steinernema carpocapsae. | the susceptibility of american cockroaches, periplaneta americana (l.); smoky brown cockroaches, p. fuliginosa (serville); oriental cockroaches, blatta orientalis l.; german cockroaches, blattella germanica (l.); and brownbanded cockroaches, supella longipalpa (f.), to steinernema carpocapsae weiser (all strain) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. a 1-ml water suspension containing 500,000 nematodes was placed on filter paper in a petri dish or the pad of a bait station. german, brown-ban ... | 1992 | 1517508 |
| function of the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein of periplaneta americana as an opsonin. | previously, we reported the purification of an lps-binding protein from the hemolymph of the american cockroach that was specific for e. coli lps. in this study we found that this protein participated in the clearance of e. coli cells injected into the abdominal cavity of the cockroach, and that hemocytes ingested e. coli cells treated with this lps-binding protein in vitro. these findings suggest that this lps-binding protein acts as an opsonin. | 1992 | 1537405 |
| a diphasic immune response against bacteria in the american cockroach. | the adult cockroach generates an adaptive humoral immune response exhibiting specificity and immunological memory when immunized with soluble proteins. in contrast, the response induced by bacteria in holometabolous insects is non-specific and short term, generally losing activity after 72 hr. we have found that the roach generates a diphasic response when injected with bacteria, displaying an acute non-specific phase initially, which is then superseded by a second response that is relatively lo ... | 1992 | 1551700 |
| structure of the pinworm (oxyurida: nematoda) guild in the hindgut of the american cockroach, periplaneta americana. | the pinworm (oxyurida: nematoda) guild in a laboratory colony of periplaneta americana was investigated to answer the following questions. (1) is guild structure stable with time? (2) is there evidence of interaction among the species? (3) is there evidence for niche diversification with respect to spatial distribution or developmental stage of host? four species were found: thelastoma periplaneticola, thelastoma bulhoesi, hammerschmidtiella diesingi and leidynema appendiculatum; females of the ... | 1992 | 1641249 |
| effect of host diet on production of organic acids and methane by cockroach gut bacteria. | the effect of high-fiber diets on microbial populations and processes in cockroach guts was investigated by feeding american cockroaches (periplaneta americana) milled cereal leaves, milled corn cob, or commercial bran-type breakfast cereal in place of the commonly used laboratory diet of dog chow. the activities and numbers of specific gut bacteria varied significantly with the insect's diet and developmental stage. acetate and lactate were the principal organic acids present in the gut fluid o ... | 1991 | 1662936 |
| xami and dcdm, agonists at camp-associated octopamine receptors in cockroach nerve cord, produce centrally mediated antinociception in mice. | the ability of xami (2,3-xylylaminomethyl-2'-imidazoline), the most potent agonist of camp-associated octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in cockroach (periplaneta americana) nerve cord yet reported, and dcdm (n-demethylchlordimeform), a partial octopamine agonist in this preparation, to produce centrally mediated antinociception in mice was evaluated. the antinociception produced by these compounds was compared to that previously reported for p-octopamine, a phenylethylamine and endogenous m ... | 1991 | 1686573 |
| blocking actions of heptachlor at an insect central nervous system gaba receptor. | the actions of the polychlorocycloalkane insecticide heptachlor, and its epoxide metabolite, were examined on gaba receptors in insects and vertebrates. electrophysiological experiments on the cell body of the cockroach (periplaneta americana) fast coxal depressor motor neuron (df), and gaba-activated 36cl- uptake experiments on microsacs prepared from cockroach ventral nerve cords showed that both heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide blocked functional gaba receptors. the block appeared to be non- ... | 1990 | 1694587 |
| molecular cloning of cdna for lipopolysaccharide-binding protein from the hemolymph of the american cockroach, periplaneta americana. similarity of the protein with animal lectins and its acute phase expression. | a previous paper described the purification of a calcium-dependent lipopolysaccharide-binding protein from the hemolymph of periplaneta americana (jomori, t., kubo, t., and natori, s. (1990) eur. j. biochem. 190, 201-206). this paper describes the molecular cloning and characterization of cdna for the lps-binding protein. this protein was found to have a carbohydrate-recognition domain at its carboxyl terminus containing amino acid sequences that are conserved in various mammalian c-type lectins ... | 1991 | 1712779 |
| skin test reactivity to whole body and fecal extracts of american (periplaneta americana) and german (blatella germanica) cockroaches in atopic asthmatics. | forty-six atopic asthmatic subjects aged 3 to 58 years attending the allergy clinic of a university hospital were evaluated for prick skin test reactivity with commercially available extracts of cockroach (cce) and house dust (hd). additionally, skin testing was performed with american cockroach whole body (awbe) and fecal extracts (afe) as well as german cockroach whole body (gwbe) and fecal extracts (gfe) prepared in our laboratory. commercial cockroach extract was prepared from american, germ ... | 1991 | 1750718 |
| a comparison of behavioral alterations in the brown cockroach, periplaneta brunnea, and the american cockroach, periplaneta americana, infected with the acanthocephalan, moniliformis moniliformis. | we examined behavioral alterations in the brown cockroach, periplaneta brunnea, infected with the acanthocephalan, moniliformis moniliformis. the responses of infected and uninfected p. brunnea to light, substrate choice, and activity were compared. infected brown cockroaches spent more time on white horizontal substrates under red and white light. infected brown cockroaches also had a shorter freeze time than uninfected cockroaches after being presented with a light source. there was no differe ... | 1991 | 1779299 |
| toxicity of abamectin to cockroaches (dictyoptera: blattellidae, blattidae). | abamectin was fed to german cockroaches, blattella germanica (l.), in non-choice tests. lt50s and lc50s were estimated by probit analysis. the lt50s for the german cockroach ranged from 4.4 to 1.7 d for males, from 9.0 to 2.4 d for females, and from 4.4 to 1.6 d for nymphs for bait concentrations of abamectin between 0.0025 and 0.0500%. the lc50s of abamectin were 0.0110 and 0.0040% from males, 0.0240 and 0.0090% for females, and 0.0200 and 0.0080% for nymphs at 3 and 6 d, respectively. the lt50 ... | 1991 | 1787219 |
| localization of phenoloxidase in the midgut of periplaneta americana parasitized by larvae of moniliformis moniliformis (acanthocephala). | in cockroaches infected with moniliformis moniliformis, the melanogenic enzyme phenoloxidase (po) was histochemically localized in the posterior midgut and in haemocytes. midguts were incubated with either 3-hydroxytyramine-hcl (dopamine) or 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (dopa), and the resulting electron-dense reaction products of po activity were found to be homogeneously distributed in the cytoplasm of both midgut cells and haemocytes. following experimental infection, the first acanthors ... | 1991 | 1792234 |
| pharmacologic characterization of muscarinic receptors of insect brains. | muscarinic receptors in brain membranes from honey bees, houseflies, and the american cockroach were identified by their specific binding of the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3h]qnb) and the displacement of this binding by agonists as well as subtype-selective antagonists, using filtration assays. the binding parameters, obtained from scatchard analysis, indicated that insect muscarinic receptors, like those of mammalian brains, had high affinities fo ... | 1991 | 1802028 |
| presence of corazonin in three insect species, and isolation and identification of [his7]corazonin from schistocerca americana. | an elisa for corazonin, a cardioactive neuropeptide from the american cockroach, periplaneta americana, was developed. it was used to isolate corazonin from the cockroach nauphoeta cinerea, the locust schistocerca americana, and the hawkmoth manduca sexta. the peptides from nauphoeta and manduca had the same retention times as periplaneta corazonin, and their amino acid compositions also suggested that these peptides are identical with corazonin. the corazonin-immunoreactive peptide from schisto ... | 1991 | 1815215 |
| methanogenic bacteria as endosymbionts of the ciliate nyctotherus ovalis in the cockroach hindgut. | production of methane in the hindgut of the cockroach periplaneta americana was found to vary, depending on the feeding regimen. methane production was positively correlated with the numbers of the ciliate nyctotherus ovalis living in the cockroach hindgut. defaunation of the cockroaches by means of low concentrations of metronidazole (flagyl) resulted in a quick drop of methane production. addition of the methanogenic substrates acetate and formate to isolated hindguts stimulated methane produc ... | 1991 | 1908205 |
| identification of an allatostatin from the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta. | a peptide (manduca sexta allatostatin) that strongly inhibits juvenile hormone biosynthesis in vitro by the corpora allata from fifth-stadium larvae and adult females has been purified from extracts of heads of pharate adult m. sexta by a nine-step purification procedure. the primary structure of this 15-residue peptide has been determined: pglu-val-arg-phe-arg-gln-cys- tyr-phe-asn-pro-ile-ser-cys-phe-oh, where pglu is pyroglutamate). to our knowledge, this neuro-hormone has no sequence similari ... | 1991 | 1946359 |
| threonine6-bradykinin in the venom of the wasp colpa interrupta (f.) presynaptically blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission in the insect cns. | 1. the venom of the solitary scoliid wasp colpa interrupta (f.) shows a kinin-activity, when tested on a cascade of mammalian smooth muscle preparations, and, in addition, a contraction of the rat colon. 2. the venom also irreversibly blocks the nicotinic synaptic transmission from the cercal nerve to a giant interneuron in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach, periplaneta americana. 3. the same activities have been found within one hplc fraction. 4. however, rechromatography of this fr ... | 1990 | 1980872 |
| cockroach-allergen study: allergen patterns of three common cockroach species probed by allergic sera collected in two cities. | antigens/allergens of three common cockroach extracts, crude whole body extract of the american cockroach (cra-a), crude whole body extract of the german cockroach (cra-g), and crude whole body extract of the oriental cockroach (cra-o), were studied with crossed immunoelectrophoresis, crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, and western blot analysis. sera of cockroach-allergic patients with asthma, 10 from chicago, ill. (c group) and six patients from lexington, ky. (l group), were used; results wer ... | 1991 | 2045612 |
| octopamine uptake and metabolism in the insect nervous system. | several insect tissues were examined for their ability to take up octopamine in the presence and absence of sodium ions. the cockroach malpighian tubules, ovary, and ventral nerve cord showed the highest level of sodium-dependent uptake. the adult firefly lantern exhibited substantial sodium-independent uptake. some of these tissues were also examined for their ability to metabolize octopamine by n-acetylation. measurable n-acetyltransferase activity was present in the cockroach ventral nerve co ... | 1990 | 2105376 |
| on the latency and nature of phenoloxidase present in the left colleterial gland of the cockroach periplaneta americana. | the phenoloxidase system responsible for the sclerotization of cockroach ootheca is found to be present as an inactive form in the left colleterial gland of periplaneta americana. the supernatant fraction obtained by centrifugation of the milky white secretions contained the inactive phenoloxidase which required both sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and the insoluble sediment for exhibiting enzyme activity. bovine serum albumin could replace the sediment in the activation process. proteins separated ... | 1990 | 2134024 |
| shared allergenic activity in asian (blattella asahinai), german (blattella germanica), american (periplaneta americana), and oriental (blatta orientalis) cockroach species. | whole-body extracts of the feral and peridomestic asian cockroach (blattella asahinai) and the three domestic cockroach species, german (blattella germanica), american (periplaneta americana), and oriental (blatta orientalis), were compared allergenically using an ige serum pool from 4 german cockroach sensitive individuals. in crossover radioallergosorbent inhibition analysis, the asian cockroach shared allergenic activity primarily with the german cockroach polymer and to a lesser extent with ... | 1990 | 2242929 |
| role of insects as inhalant allergens in bronchial asthma with special reference to the clinical characteristics of patients. | the whole body extracts (wbes) of 13 common insects from delhi, namely musca domestica (house fly); sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil); callosobrochous maculatus (pulse beetle); anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (mosquitoes); blattella germanica and periplaneta americana (cockroaches: male, female and nymph); spodoptera litura and heliothis armigera (moths), were prepared to evaluate their allergenic significance in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. intradermal (i ... | 1990 | 2253082 |
| immunization against learned helplessness in the cockroach (periplaneta americana). | cockroaches exposed to one day of escapable shock prior to three days of inescapable shock did not become helpless on a shuttlebox-escape task. like dogs and rats, cockroaches are immunized against learned helplessness by prior experience with escapable shock. | 1990 | 2263717 |
| immunocytochemical localization in the central nervous system of four different insect species of molecules immunoreactive against peptides present in the caudodorsal cells of lymnaea stagnalis. | the use of polyclonal antisera directed against three peptides (ovulation hormone (cdch), alpha, and beta caudodorsal cell peptide (alpha- and beta-cdcp) produced by the caudodorsal cells of the snail lymnaea stagnalis resulted in positive immunoreaction in sarcophaga bullata (diptera), leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera), locusta migratoria, and periplaneta americana (orthoptera). in three species, colocalization was detected using the antisera against cdch and alpha-cdcp. | 1990 | 2272462 |
| structure-function studies on neurohormone d: activity of naturally-occurring hormone analogues. | the relative potencies of 11 naturally-occurring peptides of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone family (akh/rpch-family) have been assessed with respect to increase in heart rate in adult, female american cockroaches, periplaneta americana, in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. in addition, analogues that lacked the n-terminal pyroglutamate residue or had a free threonine acid at the c-terminus were also investigated. in both bioassays the n- or c-terminal-modified analogues ... | 1990 | 2292617 |
| shared and specific allergenic and antigenic components in the two sexes of american cockroach--periplaneta americana. | the whole body extracts (wbes) of female and male cockroaches (periplaneta americana; pa) were prepared separately to study the specific and/or shared allergenic and antigenic components in the two sexes. these two extracts were skin-tested on 170 respiratory allergy patients and 52 (30.6%) of them elicited a markedly positive cutaneous reaction (2+ to 4+) to any one or both the wbes. of these 52 patients, 32 (61.5%) produced a 2+ to 4+ response to only one, and the remaining 20 (38.5%) to both ... | 1990 | 2310983 |
| synaptic connections of dopamine-immunoreactive neurons in the antennal lobes of periplaneta americana. colocalization with gaba-like immunoreactivity. | dopamine-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated histochemically in about ten local interneurons in the antennal lobe of periplaneta americana. the somata of these neurons are within the ventrolateral group of cell bodies. additional immunohistochemical tests revealed that the same neurons also have a gaba-like immunoreactivity. immunohistochemical dopamine staining (preembedding) of preparations in which the antennal receptor fibers had been caused to degenerate showed that in the glomerular neu ... | 1990 | 2323954 |
| a study of the protozoa associated with some harmful insects in the local environment. | the present study includes finding resulting from examination of three species of harmful insects, periplaneta americana, schistocerca gregaria and anacanthoterms ochraceus, collected from six cities in the central region of saudi arabia. two species of septate gregarines of the genus gregarina dufor, were found g. blattarum (siebold) from mid gut of p. americana and g. rigida from gut of s. gregaria, also six species of mastigophora in gut of white ant a. ochraceus, trichonympha campanula, spir ... | 1990 | 2332640 |
| purification and characterization of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein from hemolymph of american cockroach periplaneta americana. | a protein having affinity to lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli k12 was purified to homogeneity from the hemolymph of periplaneta americana. this protein, with an average molecular mass of 450 kda. was a homooligomer of a 28-kda subunit protein. comparative studies using lipopolysaccharide molecules of e. coli and salmonella minnesota suggested that this protein recognizes and binds to a specific carbohydrate structure of e. coli lipopolysaccharide. ca2+ was required for this protein to bind ... | 1990 | 2364946 |
| isolation and structure of a novel charged member of the red-pigment-concentrating hormone-adipokinetic hormone family of peptides isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly phormia terraenovae (diptera). | a hypertrehalosaemic neuropeptide from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly phormia terraenovae has been isolated by reversed-phase h.p.l.c., and its primary structure was determined by pulsed-liquid phase sequencing employing edman chemistry after enzymically deblocking the n-terminal pyroglutamate residue. the c-terminus was also blocked, as indicated by the lack of digestion when the peptide was incubated with carboxypeptidase a. the octapeptide has the sequence pglu-leu-thr-phe-ser-pro-asp-tr ... | 1990 | 2386478 |
| catecholamines and related o-diphenols in cockroach hemolymph and cuticle during sclerotization and melanization: comparative studies on the order dictyoptera. | catecholamines and related o-diphenols extracted from the cuticle and hemolymph of adult cockroaches during sclerotization and pigmentation of the cuticle were analyzed by reverse phase hplc with electrochemical detection. at ecdysis, dopamine (da) o-conjugates predominated in the hemolymph of periplaneta americana, p. australasiae, p. fuliginosa, p. brunnea, and blatta orientalis (blattidae); blattella germanica (blattellidae); and gromphadorhina portentosa and blaberus craniifer (blaberidae). ... | 1990 | 2391402 |
| distinct localization of fmrfamide- and bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like material in the brain, retrocerebral complex and suboesophageal ganglion of the cockroach periplaneta americana l. | one bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp) antiserum and two fmrfamide antisera were applied in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) immunohistochemical technique on a complete series of sections of brains, suboesophageal ganglia (sog), corpora cardiaca (cc) and corpora allata of periplaneta americana l. double immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the same perikarya and processes were stained by both the bpp and fmrfamide antisera. this was caused by cross-reaction of the bpp and fmrfamide ... | 1985 | 2416381 |
| photoaffinity labeling of scorpion toxin receptors associated with insect synaptosomal na+ channels. | photoreactive and radioiodinated derivatives of several scorpion toxins acting on insect na+ channels were prepared without loss of their pharmacological activities. photoaffinity experiments were carried out on a synaptosomal fraction from the nerve cord of the cockroach periplaneta americana: with all toxin derivatives, a single specifically labeled band was obtained with a molecular weight of 188,000 +/- 12,000 (n = 17). these results indicate for the first time the molecular weight of the sc ... | 1988 | 2450534 |
| the potency of gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane). | the potency of gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) as a convulsant was examined in rats by infusion into a tail vein of the unrestrained animal using a lipid emulsion as vehicle and a dose rate of 200 micrograms/min. the concentration of drug in brain rose linearly up to a convulsant level, the rate of rise increasing with relative organ mass. the decline from a convulsant level was biphasic with half times of, respectively, 30 min and 3 days. convulsant concentrations (cc) in brai ... | 1988 | 2460971 |
| actions of the insecticide 2(nitromethylene)tetrahydro-1,3-thiazine on insect and vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | the nitromethylene heterocyclic compound 2(nitromethylene)tetrahydro)1,3-thiazine (nmtht) inhibits the binding of [125i]alpha-bungarotoxin to membranes prepared from cockroach (periplaneta americana) nerve cord and fish (torpedo californica) electric organ. electrophysiological studies on the cockroach fast coxal depressor motorneuron (df) reveal a dose-dependent depolarization in response to bath-applied nmtht. responses to ionophoretic application of nmtht onto the cell-body membrane of motorn ... | 1989 | 2479949 |
| the venom of ampulex compressa--effects on behaviour and synaptic transmission of cockroaches. | 1. the solitary wasp ampulex compressa stings a cockroach, periplaneta americana, twice. 2. the first sting into the ventral thorax results in a transient paralysis. during this paralysis the wasp stings the suboesophageal ganglion, which gradually results in a permanent deactivation. 3. the venom gland is a paired and highly branched organ, with a common ductus venatus. the large lumen is lined with a folded cuticula. no venom reservoir is present. 4. extract of the venom gland induces a slow c ... | 1989 | 2565180 |
| in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin h synthase by compounds from the exocrine secretions of lace bugs. | 1. selected lace bug-derived and related compounds were shown to be in vitro inhibitors of mammalian and insect derived prostaglandin h synthase. 2. two compounds, 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, were significantly better inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis than aspirin, whereas 2-nonyl-5,7-dihydroxychromone and 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl) dodecan-1-one were equivalent to aspirin. 3. 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone was less effective in inhibiting the prostaglandin h synthase ... | 1989 | 2572378 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from cockroaches trapped from paediatric wards in peninsular malaysia. | a survey was conducted in 4 paediatric wards in malaysia to determine the distribution of various species of cockroaches and to examine their gut contents for bacteria. cockroaches were trapped from food dispensing areas (kitchens), store rooms, cupboards and open wards. 104 cockroaches were caught, consisting of periplaneta americana (67.3%), blattella germanica (26%), p. brunnea (4.8%), and supella longipalpa (1.9%). bacteria were isolated from all cockroaches except 3 p. americana. many bacte ... | 1989 | 2603192 |
| characterisation of neuropeptides of the akh/rpch-family from corpora cardiaca of coleoptera. | extracts of corpora cardiaca from two members of the family tenebrionidae. zophobas rugipes and tenebrio molitor, from one member of the chrysomelidae, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and from three members of the scarabaeidae, pachnoda marginata, p. sinuata and melolontha hippocastani, were assayed for adipokinetic and hypertrehalosaemic activity in acceptor locusts (locusta migratoria) and cockroaches (periplaneta americana), respectively. all corpus cardiacum material tested, except that from the ... | 1989 | 2607020 |
| cockroaches (periplaneta americana) as carriers of agents of bacterial diarrhoea in accra, ghana. | bodies and intestinal contents of 208 cockroaches (periplaneta americana), collected from kitchens in accra and some surrounding villages were cultured for enteric bacterial pathogens. six of them harboured three different serogroups of salmonella, one had shigella dysenteriae, 64 had coliforms, 13 had proteus species, two had pseudomonas species and the rest (122) carried none of the bacterial species mentioned above. the presence of salmonella species shigella dysenteriae and coliforms in thes ... | 1989 | 2611875 |
| effect of moniliformis moniliformis density on distribution within the definitive host population (rattus norvegicus). | the population dynamics of moniliformis moniliformis was studied in 'free-ranging' laboratory rats, rattus norvegicus, presented with different relative density levels of m. moniliformis in cockroaches, periplaneta americana. changes in selected population parameters of the negative binomial distribution were evaluated as indicators of changes in aggregation. a significant increase in the degree of aggregation of parasites occurred as a result of the increase in relative density of infective sta ... | 1989 | 2635161 |
| the hypertrehalosaemic peptides of cockroaches: a phylogenetic study. | hypertrehalosaemic peptides from the corpora cardiaca of 14 different species were compared with respect to phylogenetic relationships within the insect suborder blattaria (cockroaches). gland extracts from members of the family blattidae (periplaneta americana, p. brunnea, p. australasiae, p. fuliginosa, and blatta orientalis) contain two hypertrehalosaemic octapeptides with identical properties to the recently sequenced peptides m i and m ii from the american cockroach, whereas corpora cardiac ... | 1989 | 2806876 |
| binding of n-[propionyl-3h]propionylated alpha-bungarotoxin and l-[benzilic-4,4'-3h] quinuclidinyl benzilate to cns extracts of the cockroach periplaneta americana. | the nerve cord of the cockroach (periplaneta americana) contains distinct saturable components of specific binding for the ligands n-[propionyl-3h]propionylated alpha-bungarotoxin and l-[benzilic-4,4'-3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate. n-[propionyl-3h]propionylated alpha-bungarotoxin bound reversibly to homogenates with a kd of 4.8 nm and bmax of 910 fmol mg-1. the association rate constant (1.9 x 10(5) m-1 s-1) and dissociation rate constant (1.2 x 10(-4) s-1) yielded a kd of 0.6 nm. nicotinic ligands ... | 1985 | 2858352 |
| pharmacology of putative glutamate receptors from insect skeletal muscles, insect central nervous system and rat brain. | binding of [3h]glutamate to housefly brain and honeybee brain and thoracic muscle membranes as well as to the american cockroach nerve cord was measured in na+-free tris-citrate buffer, 2.5 mm cacl2, ph 7.4. the dissociation constants (kds) ranged from 0.16 to 1.36 microm, and thoracic muscles had 2-4-fold higher density of receptors than brain tissue. the potent inhibitors of housefly brain binding were in decreasing order of effectiveness: l-glutamate greater than l-aspartate = l-cysteate = ib ... | 1987 | 2885148 |
| some aspects on l-dopa decarboxylase and p-tyrosine decarboxylase in the central nervous and peripheral tissues of the american cockroach periplaneta americana. | 1. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activities toward l-dopa (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), 5-htp (5-hydroxytryptophan) and p-tyrosine in different tissues of the sclerotized and newly ecdysed cockroach were analyzed. 2. the ratios of enzyme activity with regard to l-dopa and p-tyrosine varied considerably in the tissues and between the two different growth stages. 3. a dopa decarboxylase and a p-tyrosine decarboxylase were separated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. 4. the op ... | 1987 | 2888574 |
| distribution of glutamate decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach periplaneta americana. | an antiserum against glutamate decarboxylase (gad) of the rat brain was used to locate gad activity in sections of the nervous system of the cockroach, periplaneta americana. the sixth abdominal ganglion was chosen because electrophysiological evidence suggests the presence of gabaergic inhibitory synapses in the cercal-giant interneuron system. groups of somata and numerous fibres and tracts were positively labelled by the gad antiserum. a posterior group of labelled somata could be identified ... | 1988 | 3046749 |
| organization of a complex movement: fixed and variable components of the cockroach escape behavior. | the escape behavior of the cockroach periplaneta americana was studied by means of high speed filming (250 frames/s) and a computer-graphical analysis of the body and leg movements. the results are as follows: 1. the behavior begins with pure rotation of the body about the posteriorly located cerci, followed by rotation plus forward translation, and finally pure translation (figs. 1, 2). 2. a consistent inter-leg coordination is used for the entire duration of the turn (fig. 3a). at the start of ... | 1988 | 3184004 |
| cockroach hypersensitivity: isolation and partial characterization of major allergens. | two allergenic fractions in crude american cockroach extract have been isolated with sephadex g-150 sf gel filtration and diethylaminoethylcellulose ion exchange chromatography. the partially purified fractions of cr-pi and cr-pii elicit 73% and 93% of patients sensitive to the crude extracts, respectively. crude extract contains at least 29 antigenic components, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. eighteen allergenic ar ... | 1988 | 3192860 |
| sequence analyses of two neuropeptides of the akh/rpch-family from the lubber grasshopper, romalea microptera. | two neuropeptides with adipokinetic activity in locusta migratoria and hypertrehalosaemic activity in periplaneta americana were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography from the corpus cardiacum of the lubber grasshopper, romalea microptera. the sequences of both peptides, designated ro i and ro ii, were determined by gas-phase sequencing employing edman degradation after the n-terminal pyroglutamate residue was enzymatically deblocked, as well as by fast atom bombardment mass spectro ... | 1988 | 3226948 |
| the effect of biotic and abiotic implants on the recognition of blatta orientalis cuticular transplants by the cockroach periplaneta americana. | the immune system of the american cockroach, periplaneta americana, was activated to recognise as "non self" xenogeneic tissue normally treated as "self". activation was accomplished by injecting into the insect haemocoele material known to elicit an encapsulation response such as blaberus craniifer cuticular tissue and 6b-sepharose beads. in these insects, cuticular skingrafts from blatta orientalis, a closely related species of cockroach, were rejected by more than half of the recipients. ther ... | 1987 | 3297828 |
| antigenic/allergenic characterization of american and german cockroach extracts. | cockroach allergens have been implicated as clinically significant sensitizing agents in the induction/exacerbation of "urban asthma." in the present study, approximately 50% of atopic, predominantly inner-city residents had immediate wheal-and-flare cutaneous reactivity to a commercial american cockroach whole body extract. crude whole body extracts were prepared in our laboratory from both american (periplaneta americana) and german (blatella germanica) cockroach species. crossed immunoelectro ... | 1988 | 3346487 |
| the role of galactosyl-binding lectin in the cellular immune response of the cockroach periplaneta americana (dictyoptera). | agglutinating activity of the major serum lectin of periplaneta americana against mammalian erythrocytes has been found previously to be inhibited most effectively by galactose and glycoproteins rich in non-reducing terminal galactose, such as porcine stomach mucin (psm) and desialylated fetuin and bovine submaxillary mucin. antibody raised against the purified lectin was found, by immunofluorescence, to bind to the surface of washed fixed haemocytes (the cells responsible for cellular immunity ... | 1988 | 3391649 |
| survival of shelled acanthors of moniliformis moniliformis (acanthocephala) under laboratory conditions. | shelled acanthors (= eggs) of two isolates of moniliformis moniliformis (acanthocephala) were tested for their capacity to respond to a hatching stimulus in vitro and for their retention of infectivity to a natural intermediate host (periplaneta americana). the shelled acanthors were stored for more than 120 weeks (australian isolate) and for 104 weeks (texan isolate) together with rat faeces in an incubator maintained at 22.2 +/- 0.1 degrees c. in both cases, infectivity to p. americana was sho ... | 1987 | 3437111 |
| a hypoglycemic factor from the corpus cardiacum of the american cockroach periplaneta americana. | thin-layer chromatography of cockroach corpora cardiaca (cc) extracts revealed a fraction (f1 in solvent system 1) which had hyperlipemic activity in locusts and which differed in mobility from synthetic locust adipokinetic hormone i (akh i). fractions 4 and 5 exhibited hypolipemic activity when injected into locusts. pooled samples of these fractions caused a diminution of carbohydrate levels in the cockroach. bovine insulin mimicked both these effects. no change in hemolymph lipid was evident ... | 1987 | 3556312 |
| isolation of campylobacter subsp. jejuni from oriental and american cockroaches caught in kitchens and poultry houses in vom, nigeria. | a total of 690 adult cockroaches (periplaneta americana (l.), the american cockroach, and blatta orientalis (l.), the oriental cockroach) were captured alive within domestic kitchens and near poultry houses in vom. using selective media, their external surfaces and internal (gut) contents, after adequate decontamination of the external surfaces, were culturally examined for the presence of campylobacters. 4 isolates of campylobacter subsp jejuni were made (0.5%); 3 from the gut contents and 1 fr ... | 1986 | 3557829 |
| [occurrence, distribution and control of cockroaches in the east german district of rostock]. | the german cockroach (blattella germanica) is the prevalent species in the district of rostock. there was also an occurrence of blatta orientalis and, in one case, of periplaneta australasiae. periplaneta americana is occasionally introduced from warmer regions of the globe via containers. extent and intensity of infestation of many buildings has increased making large-scale control measures necessary. most control measures have been taken in food industry enterprises. the quantity of cockroach ... | 1987 | 3605784 |
| purification and some properties of a lectin from the hemolymph of periplaneta americana (american cockroach). | a lectin showing specificity for human a-type red blood cells was purified to homogeneity from the hemolymph of the american cockroach periplaneta americana by affinity chromatography on bovine submaxillary gland mucin. this lectin was a huge molecule with molecular mass of about 1500 kda, with a single subunit of 30-kda protein, and required ca2+ for expression of lectin activity. electron microscopic examination showed that these molecules were rods with helical structure with an average lengt ... | 1987 | 3665920 |
| defensive secretion of the tenebrionid beetle, blaps mucronata: physical and chemical determinants of effectiveness. | the primary components of the defensive secretions of blaps mucronata (tenebrionidae) are two quinones (methyl-p-benzoquinone and ethyl-p-benzoquinone) and the hydrocarbon 1-n-tridecene. the hydrocarbon is shown, by comparison with longer- and shorter-chain n-alkanes and 1-n-alkenes, to be optimally suited as carrier of the quinones, and as a surfactant that promotes spread of secretion over the beetle's body following discharge from the gland openings at the abdominal tip. as shown from repelle ... | 1987 | 3668879 |
| ultrastructural demonstration of nonsynaptic release sites in the central nervous system of the snail lymnaea stagnalis, the insect periplaneta americana, and the rat. | release of neuronal secretory products by exocytosis was studied ultrastructurally in the central nervous systems of three different species (the snail lymnaea stagnalis, the cockroach periplaneta americana and the rat). tissues were fixed with: (1) a mixture of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, (2) the tannic acid-glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide (tago) method, and (3) the tannic acid-ringer incubation (tari) method. especially after tari-treatment, release of the contents of the secretory ve ... | 1986 | 3703256 |
| [selectivity of the effect on cholinesterase of stereoisomers of thiophosphonates with asymmetrical phosphorus atoms]. | the inhibitory action of stereoisomers of organophosphorous compounds with asymmetric phosphorous atom, (ch3)2cho(ch3)p(o)sch2ch2sc2h5 and (ch3)2cho(ch3). .p(o)(ch2)3ch3, on acetylcholinesterase from nervous ganglia of cockroach periplaneta americana and bovine erythrocytes as well as on horse serum butyrylcholinesterase was studied at ph 7.5 and 25 degrees c. it was found that the interaction of the inhibitors with cholinesterases has a complex type and includes reversible and irreversible stag ... | 1986 | 3778536 |
| [study on the time limitation of carrying yersinia enterocolitica by periplaneta americana and flies]. | | 1986 | 3815490 |
| insect adipokinetic hormones. | peptides with adipokinetic (and usually carbohydrate-mobilizing) potency have been demonstrated in various insects, including locusta migratoria, schistocerca gregaria, manduca sexta, danaus plexippus and periplaneta americana. as far as characterized by now the adipokinetic factors are blocked peptides, consisting of eight to ten amino acid residues. in locusts the adipokinetic hormones are synthesized in the glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum and released into the haemolymph in response to ... | 1985 | 3831971 |
| dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in two insect species, calliphora erythrocephala and periplaneta americana. | the localization of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the cephalic central nervous system of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) and the cockroach (periplaneta americana) was investigated. immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in both species. the results were compared with the known distribution of catecholamines in the brain of both species. in certain cell groups and neuropilar regions of both species d beta h-immunoreactivity coincides with the presence of catecholamines. additionally d be ... | 1985 | 3930439 |
| hemolymph transfer as an assay for immunorecognition in the cockroach periplaneta americana and the locust schistocerca gregaria. | a quantitative assay for measuring the number of hemocytic nodules formed in response to foreign particles and soluble molecules has been used, in the locust schistocerca and the cockroach periplaneta, to investigate the response to transferred hemolymph. xenogeneic test particles, rabbit neutrophil leukocytes, stimulate formation of nodules when injected into both insect species, compared with saline-injected controls. however, the number of nodules formed in the locust in response to cockroach ... | 1986 | 3952802 |
| [the role of esterases in the toxicity of organothiophosphorus insectoacaricides containing a fragment of mercaptoacetic acid]. | interaction of insectoacaricide me (eto)p(s)sch2sch2coome (i), its activation metabolites (p = o (ii), s = o, and p = o, s = o (iii) analogues), and a detoxication product (-cooh analoque (iv) with rat liver carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase of warm-blooded animals, as well as with cholinesterase and carboxylesterase of american cockroach has been studied. low toxicity of (i) towards warm-blooded animals and american cockroach is shown to result from its rapid hydr ... | 1985 | 4052120 |
| the american cockroach, periplanta americana, as an intermediate host of the pentastomid, raillietiella hemidactyli. | | 1965 | 4221429 |
| [further experimental studies on the mechanism of action of neurohormone d from periplaneta americana (l) on the "biologic model" of bufo bufo urinary bladder: influencing of na+-transport]. | | 1971 | 4328748 |
| development of periplaneta americana (l.) cell cultures and their infection with enteroviruses. | | 1974 | 4368582 |
| comparative toxicity of acetylcholine mustard (methyl-2-acetoxyethyl-2'-chloroethylamine) in the mouse and american cockroach. | | 1974 | 4417829 |
| incubation effect in the cockroach (periplaneta americana). | | 1973 | 4744477 |
| characterization of chitinases from haemolymph and cell cultures of cockroach (periplaneta americana). | | 1974 | 4810369 |
| lysozyme retention by cockroach periplaneta americana l. | blood from the cockroach periplaneta americana usually does not react with a suspension of micrococcus lysodeikticus. when lysozyme is added to the mixture it causes an immediate reduction in the optical density at 450 nanometers which is soon followed by a strong rise. blood from roaches injected with lysozyme causes a similar series of changes in the optical density of a suspension of m. lysodeikticus, an indication that lysozyme has been retained in the blood. it may persist for many days or ... | 1969 | 5762765 |
| [experimental studies on the action mechanism of neurohormone d from periplaneta americana (l) on the "biological model" of bufo bufo (l) urinary bladder]. | | 1969 | 5765445 |
| properties of bursicon: an insect protein hormone that controls cuticular tanning. | on gel filtration the retention volume of bursicon indicates a molecular weight of about 40,000. on disc electrophoresis bursicon migrates toward the anode and appears at an r(f) (relative to the marker dye) of 0.3 to 0.4. the properties of fractions with bursicon activity in blood, brain, and ganglion of a fly (sarcophaga bullata), and in blood, ganglion, and corpora cardiaca of a roach (periplaneta americana) are similar, but not identical. bursicon in the blood is more heat labile, and the ac ... | 1966 | 5908970 |
| lysozyme-like action of enzymes from the cockroach periplaneta americana and from some other sources. | | 1967 | 6076408 |
| distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine and indolealkylamine metabolites in the american cockroach, periplaneta americana l. | a procedure is described for simultaneous estimation of tryptophan (tp), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-ohtp), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa), n-acetyl 5-hydroxytryptamine (na5-ht) and n-acetyldopamine (nada) using high performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. the procedure has been used to determine the distribution of these compounds in the central nervous system of the american cockroach, periplaneta americana. the ratio of tp:5-ht ... | 1984 | 6083843 |
| localization of crf immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of three vertebrate and one insect species. | by use of a specific antiserum against synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) immunocytochemical procedure (vandesande and dierickx 1976), crf-like antigenic determinants were demonstrated in the central nervous system of a human fetus, the wistar rat, the frog rana ridibunda, and the american cockroach periplaneta americana. the immunoreactive crf-producing cells occur mainly in the nucleus paraventricularis of the rat, while in rana ridibund ... | 1984 | 6091891 |
| naturally occurring agglutinins against trypanosomatid flagellates in the haemolymph of insects. | in vitro studies of the behaviour of the trypanosomatid flagellates trypanosoma brucei and leishmania hertigi in the presence of cell-free haemolymph of locusts, schistocerca gregaria and cockroaches, periplaneta americana revealed the presence of parasite agglutinins. the range of normal values of agglutination titres was 2(-4) to 2(-13). physico-chemical treatment of haemolymph indicated that these agglutinins are protein or glycoprotein in nature and are only partially affected by heat treatm ... | 1984 | 6096791 |
| effects of palytoxin on sodium and potassium permeabilities in unmyelinated axons. | palytoxin (ptx) is a very potent marine toxin isolated from the zoanthid palythoa. its effects on the nerve membrane have been studied on two different preparations: the giant axon of the cockroach, periplaneta americana and the giant axon of the squids, loligo pealei and loligo forbesi. in both preparations, ptx at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 10 microm depolarized the axonal membrane through a selective increase in the resting sodium conductance. this increase was never reversible and w ... | 1982 | 6123163 |
| metabolism of proctolin, a pentapeptide neurotransmitter in insects. | the in vitro metabolism of [tyrosyl-3, 5-3h]proctolin (h-arg-tyr-leu-pro-thr-oh) was studied in the following tissues from the american cockroach, periplaneta americana: proctodeum, midgut, hemolymph, brain, terminal ganglion, and coxal depressor muscles. in all tissues assayed, the tyr-leu bond is the primary cleavage site, but scission of the arg-tyr bond is also significant. greater than 90% of the degradative activity is found in the 100,000 x g supernatant from homogenates. in vivo studies ... | 1984 | 6141517 |
| evidence for similarities between cyclodiene type insecticides and picrotoxinin in their action mechanisms. | evidence has been obtained to indicate that cyclodiene-type insecticides, e.g., heptachlor epoxide and gamma-bhc, mimic the action of picrotoxinin. these insecticides inhibit the gaba (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-stimulated chloride uptake in the coxal muscle of the american cockroach, and directly compete against [3h]a-dihydropicrotoxinin for binding in the rat brain synaptosomes. moreover, several cyclodiene-resistant insect strains are also resistant to picrotoxinin. this cross-resistance is spe ... | 1983 | 6187794 |