| [bacterial groups prevailing in the aerobic flora of two catches of antartic krill (euphausia superba dana) (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 757429 |
| immunogenic properties of mannose-containing ceramide disaccharide and immunochemical detection of its hapten in the two kinds of crustacean, euphausia superba and macrobrachium nipponense. | antiserum against man beta 1-4glc beta 1-1ceramide (miose2cer), a mannolipid isolated from spermatozoa of the fresh-water bivalve, hyriopsis schlegellii, has been elicited in rabbits by repeated injection of a mixture of hapten-bovine serum albumin (1:1, mg/ml) with freund's adjuvant. the specificity of the affinity-purified antibody (immunoglobulin g type) obtained from the serum was examined, using other glycosphingolipids and glyco-proteins structurally related to miose2cer, by means of elisa ... | 1992 | 1536864 |
| collagenolytic serine proteinase from euphausia superba dana (antarctic krill). | 1. a serine proteinase isolated from e. superba shows collagenolytic properties: it acts on collagens from achilles tendon (type i and v) and reconstituted fibrils of calf skin collagen under conditions that do not denature the substrates. 2. at 25 degrees c and ph 7.5 the enzyme both splits the calf skin collagen in solution to the fragments tca and tcb and catalyses the conversion of dimeric molecules to monomeric chains. 3. the enzyme exhibits strong chymotrypsin-like and lower trypsin-like a ... | 1991 | 1662593 |
| activities of chitinase and protease and concentration of fluoride in the digestive tract of antarctic fishes feeding on krill (euphausia superba dana). | studies on the digestion of krill by notothenia rossii marmorata, notothenia neglecta, champsocephalus gunnari and chaenocephalus aceratus showed that these antarctic fish species are well equipped to feed on krill, as indicated by their high levels of chitinase and protease activity. very high chitinolytic activities were determined in the stomach of the fish species. however, activities that were measured in intestine samples can be substantial, as well. very strong protease activities were de ... | 1986 | 2878783 |
| purification and characterization of a proteinase from euphausia superba dana (antarctic krill). | the thiol-dependent serine proteinase (inhibited by dfp, pmsf, pcmb and iodoacetate) was isolated from the whole krill specimens and from the content of the krill digestive tract. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity using a seven-step procedure. its specific activity with denatured haemoglobin as a substrate was about 6.0 unit/mg. the molecular weight of the enzyme, as determined by gel exclusion chromatography was 33 000 and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sds 31 600 (12.5% gel) a ... | 1986 | 3532651 |
| [separation of a nucleic acid fraction with inhibitory activity on rat gastric juice secretion from antarctic krill, euphausia superba]. | | 1985 | 4067826 |
| biochemical composition and nutritive value of krill (euphausia superba dana). | | 1970 | 5433745 |
| [nutritional physiology of euphausia superba dana]. | | 1971 | 5576308 |
| microflora of antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | | 1982 | 6188340 |
| isolation of mesophilic anaerobes from antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | | 1983 | 6194672 |
| [changes in the bacteriological, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the antartic krill (euphausia superba) during storage at 0-2 degrees c]. | a study was performed on the bacteriological, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of antartic krill (euphausia superba) stored at 0-2 degrees c. after 6-8 hours of storage a dark color started in the head and legs and spread slowly to the tail. within 24 hours 17% of the total nitrogen was lost by hepatopancreas autolisis. after 72 hours the krill became inedible due to strong amoniacal odor and flavor. these changes were associated with the multiplication of aerobic psychrophilic bacteria ... | 1980 | 7348315 |
| the energy assimilation efficiency of emperor penguins, aptenodytes forsteri, fed a diet of antarctic krill, euphausia superba. | captive emperor penguins in antarctica hand-fed antarctic krill assimilated an average of 70.5% +/- 1.7% (n = 3) of the energy in the diet. water intake estimated by tritiated water turnover was 9.4% +/- 2.4% less than that measured gravimetrically. tritium took 1.5 h from injection to equilibrate with the penguins' body water pools. | 1997 | 9231373 |
| separation of proteolytic enzymes originating from antarctic krill (euphausia superba) by capillary electrophoresis. | extracts prepared from antarctic krill (euphausia superba), mainly consisting of acidic proteolytic enzymes, have been studied with capillary electrophoretic techniques. approximately 50 repeatable peaks were obtained with capillary zone electrophoresis on an untreated fused-silica capillary using a phosphate buffer containing anionic and cationic fluorosurfactant additives as separation medium. a faster separation was achieved on a polyvinyl alcohol coated capillary. quantitative variations of ... | 1998 | 9521559 |
| efficient debridement of necrotic wounds using proteolytic enzymes derived from antarctic krill: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in a standardized animal wound model. | wound healing can be accelerated by removing necrotic tissue. various methods of wound debridement have been developed, including enzymatic debridement. recently potent proteolytic enzymes were isolated from the intestine of euphausia superba (antarctic krill) that might be useful for degrading necrotic tissue. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the debriding properties of krill enzymes, using a specially designed animal model and a computerized analysis system. in 10 female domestic pigs ... | 1998 | 9776850 |
| isoforms of an n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase from the antarctic krill, euphausia superba: purification and antibody production. | two forms of the chitinolytic enzyme n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nagase, ec 3.2.1.52) have been isolated from the antarctic krill, euphausia superba, in order to study their potential role in temperature adaptation processes. a chromatographic protocol was developed that allowed complete separation of the two enzyme forms, named nagase b and nagase c. the latter was purified to homogeneity with 600-fold enrichment and a yield of 17%. the molecular mass was 150 kda. nagase b showed character ... | 1998 | 9854820 |
| molecular evidence for genetic subdivision of antarctic krill (euphausia superba dana) populations. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba dana) is a key species in the antarctic food web and occurs on a circumcontinental scale. population genetic structure of this species was investigated by sequence analysis of the nd1 mitochondrial gene in four population samples collected at different geographical localities around the antarctic continent. results indicate the existence of significant genetic differences between samples, and we suggest that oceanographic barriers could be sufficiently strong a ... | 1998 | 9921678 |
| differences in the sterol composition of dominant antarctic zooplankton. | the composition of free sterols was determined in antarctic zooplankton species with various feeding behaviors. in the southern ocean, the dominant calanoid copepods calanoides acutus, calanus propinquus, metridia gerlachei, and euchaeta antarctica were investigated during different seasons and compared with the euphausiids euphausia superba, e. crystallorophias, and thysanoessa macrura. in addition, the arctic copepods calanus hyperboreus, c. glacialis, and c. finmarchicus were studied for comp ... | 1999 | 10188596 |
| ocean circulation off east antarctica affects ecosystem structure and sea-ice extent. | sea ice and oceanic boundaries have a dominant effect in structuring antarctic marine ecosystems. satellite imagery and historical data have identified the southern boundary of the antarctic circumpolar current as a site of enhanced biological productivity. meso-scale surveys off the antarctic peninsula have related the abundances of antarctic krill (euphausia superba) and salps (salpa thompsoni) to inter-annual variations in sea-ice extent. here we have examined the ecosystem structure and ocea ... | 2000 | 10952309 |
| antarctic krill (euphausia superba) acquire a uv-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid from dietary algae. | we hypothesised that antarctic krill acquire uv-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (maas) from dietary algae, which produce maas in response to ultraviolet (uv) irradiation. to test this hypothesis, we grew cultures of phaeocystis antarctica that had been grown under either photosynthetically active radiation (par, 400-750 nm) plus uv irradiation (uvr, 280-400 nm), or else par-only. algae grown under par-only produced high concentrations of porphyra-334, whereas additional uvr caused formati ... | 2000 | 11090854 |
| purification and characterization of two endo-1,4-beta-xylanases from antarctic krill, euphausia superba dana. | two euphausia superba dana endo-1.4-beta-xylanases (a, and b), hydrolysing xylan in the same manner as the enzyme classified as ec 3.2.1.8, were isolated and purified. (2) the enzymes were distinguished by their molecular mass and charge, affinities towards the oat xylan (km of 4.1 and 7.7 mg ml(-1), respectively), values of activation energy in oat xylan hydrolysis (35.5 and 42.5 kj mol(-1), respectively), as well as the way in which they split the substrate. (3) in vitro they showed the same o ... | 2000 | 11126763 |
| environmental response of upper trophic-level predators reveals a system change in an antarctic marine ecosystem. | long-term changes in the physical environment in the antarctic peninsula region have significant potential for affecting populations of antarctic krill (euphausia superba), a keystone food web species. in order to investigate this, we analysed data on krill-eating predators at south georgia from 1980 to 2000. indices of population size and reproductive performance showed declines in all species and an increase in the frequency of years of low reproductive output. changes in the population struct ... | 2001 | 11270434 |
| psychrobacter proteolyticus sp. nov., a psychrotrophic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the antarctic krill euphausia superba dana, excreting a cold-adapted metalloprotease. | an antarctic marine bacterium (strain 116) excreting an extracellular cold-adapted metalloprotease was subjected to a detailed polyphasic taxonomic investigation. strain 116 was previously isolated from the stomach of a specimen of the antarctic krill euphasia superba dana and tentatively characterized as sphingomonas paucimobilis 116. the 16s rdna sequence analysis showed that the strain is in fact related to species of the genus psychrobacter, next to psychrobacter glacincola (97.4% similarity ... | 2001 | 11403398 |
| metal dynamics in an antarctic food chain. | the concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium, selenium and mercury were determined in eggs, muscle, liver, kidney and stomach content of nestilings and adults of the antarctic petrel, thalassoica antarctica, and its predator, the south polar skua, chataracta maccormicki, from svarthamaren, dronning maud land, antarctica. the dominant food of the petrels is krill, euphausia superba. the results show relatively high levels of cadmium in krill, which is assumed to be the main reason for the high lev ... | 2001 | 11488240 |
| proteolytic degradation of oral biofilms in vitro and in vivo: potential of proteases originating from euphausia superba for plaque control. | this paper deals with enzymatic removal of dental plaque, in vitro as well as in vivo, using proteases from the antarctic krill shrimp (euphausia superba), referred to as krillase. krillase exhibits both endo- and exopeptidase activity but has no microbicidal effect. in model systems with pure cultures of oral microorganisms. krillase demonstrated inhibition of microbial adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. furthermore, a protocol for the growth of reproducible in vitro plaque films has bee ... | 2001 | 11695752 |
| antarctic krill under sea ice: elevated abundance in a narrow band just south of ice edge. | we surveyed antarctic krill (euphausia superba) under sea ice using the autonomous underwater vehicle autosub-2. krill were concentrated within a band under ice between 1 and 13 kilometers south of the ice edge. within this band, krill densities were fivefold greater than that of open water. the under-ice environment has long been considered an important habitat for krill, but sampling difficulties have previously prevented direct observations under ice over the scale necessary for robust krill ... | 2002 | 11884754 |
| interannual and between species comparison of the lipids, fatty acids and sterols of antarctic krill from the us amlr elephant island survey area. | antarctic euphausiids, euphausia superba, e. tricantha, e. frigida and thysanoessa macrura were collected near elephant/ island / during 1997 and 1998. total lipid was highest in e. superba small juveniles (16 mg g(-1) wet mass), ranging from 12 to 15 mg in other euphausiids. polar lipid (56-81% of total lipid) and triacylglycerol (12-38%) were the major lipids with wax esters (6%) only present in e. tricantha. cholesterol was the major sterol (80-100% of total sterols) with desmosterol second i ... | 2002 | 11923086 |
| characterization of proteinases from antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | fractions of three trypsin-like proteinases, tl i, tl ii, and tl iii, a chymotrypsin-like proteinase, cl, two carboxypeptidase a enzymes, cpa i and cpa ii and two carboxypeptidase b enzymes, cpb i and cpb ii, from antarctic krill (euphausia superba) have been characterized with respect to purity by the means of capillary electrophoresis, ce, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms). the masses of the trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like protei ... | 2002 | 12356483 |
| notothenioid fish, krill and phytoplankton from antarctica contain a vitamin e constituent (alpha-tocomonoenol) functionally associated with cold-water adaptation. | the vitamin e (ve) content of tissues from the antarctic notothenioid fish, chaenocephalus aceratus, champsocephalus gunnari and gobionotothen gibberifrons, and extracts of antarctic krill euphausia superba and phytoplankton collected from the antarctic peninsula was examined. included in the ve composition was a newly described 'marine-derived' tocopherol (mdt), an unsaturated-isoprenoid derivative of alpha-tocopherol, that is attributed to enhancing antioxidant protection of cellular lipids at ... | 2002 | 12431397 |
| organization of the mitochondrial genome of antarctic krill euphausia superba (crustacea: malacostraca). | we determined the nearly complete dna sequence of the mitochondrial genome of antarctic krill euphausia superba (crustacea: malacostraca), one of the most ecologically and commercially important zooplankters in antarctic waters. all of the genome sequences were purified by gene amplification using long polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and the products were subsequently used as templates for either direct sequencing using a primer-walking strategy or nested pcr with crustacea-versatile primers. a ... | 2004 | 15136912 |
| testing olfactory foraging strategies in an antarctic seabird assemblage. | procellariiform seabirds (petrels, albatrosses and shearwaters) forage over thousands of square kilometres for patchily distributed prey resources. while these birds are known for their large olfactory bulbs and excellent sense of smell, how they use odour cues to locate prey patches in the vast ocean is not well understood. here, we investigate species-specific responses to 3-methyl pyrazine in a sub-antarctic species assemblage near south georgia island (54 degrees 00 ' s, 36 degrees 00 ' w). ... | 2004 | 15339950 |
| long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the southern ocean. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) and salps (mainly salpa thompsoni) are major grazers in the southern ocean, and krill support commercial fisheries. their density distributions have been described in the period 1926-51, while recent localized studies suggest short-term changes. to examine spatial and temporal changes over larger scales, we have combined all available scientific net sampling data from 1926 to 2003. this database shows that the productive southwest atlantic sector contains >50% ... | 2004 | 15525989 |
| unambiguous detection of astaxanthin and astaxanthin fatty acid esters in krill (euphausia superba dana). | hplc atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (apci)/ms, gc ms, hplc diode array detection (dad), and nmr were used for the identification of astaxanthin and astaxanthin fatty acid esters in krill (euphausia superba dana). matrix solid phase dispersion was applied for the extraction of the carotenoids. this gentle and expeditious extraction technique for solid and viscous samples leads to distinct higher enrichment rates than the conventional liquid-liquid extraction. the chromatographic separat ... | 2005 | 16224962 |
| modelling southern ocean ecosystems: krill, the food-web, and the impacts of harvesting. | the ecosystem approach to fisheries recognises the interdependence between harvested species and other ecosystem components. it aims to account for the propagation of the effects of harvesting through the food-web. the formulation and evaluation of ecosystem-based management strategies requires reliable models of ecosystem dynamics to predict these effects. the krill-based system in the southern ocean was the focus of some of the earliest models exploring such effects. it is also a suitable exam ... | 2006 | 16987430 |
| molecular characterization of crustacean visual pigments and the evolution of pancrustacean opsins. | investigations of opsin evolution outside of vertebrate systems have long been focused on insect visual pigments, whereas other groups have received little attention. furthermore, few studies have explicitly investigated the selective influences across all the currently characterized arthropod opsins. in this study, we contribute to the knowledge of crustacean opsins by sequencing 1 opsin gene each from 6 previously uncharacterized crustacean species (euphausia superba, homarus gammarus, archaeo ... | 2007 | 17053049 |
| gelation of protein recovered from whole antarctic krill (euphausia superba) by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation as affected by functional additives. | this study demonstrated that the novel isoelectric solubilization/precipitation can be applied to recover functional muscle protein in a continuous mode from whole antarctic krill. protein recovered from whole krill had a much lower ash content than whole krill, suggesting good removal of inedible impurities (shell, appendages, etc.). lipids were retained to a higher degree with krill protein solubilized at acidic rather than basic ph. the viscoelastic modulus (g') showed that recovered krill pr ... | 2007 | 17295512 |
| marine pelagic ecosystems: the west antarctic peninsula. | the marine ecosystem of the west antarctic peninsula (wap) extends from the bellingshausen sea to the northern tip of the peninsula and from the mostly glaciated coast across the continental shelf to the shelf break in the west. the glacially sculpted coastline along the peninsula is highly convoluted and characterized by deep embayments that are often interconnected by channels that facilitate transport of heat and nutrients into the shelf domain. the ecosystem is divided into three subregions, ... | 2007 | 17405208 |
| trophic interactions within the ross sea continental shelf ecosystem. | the continental shelf of the ross sea is one of the antarctic's most intensively studied regions. we review the available data on the region's physical characteristics (currents and ice concentrations) and their spatial variations, as well as components of the neritic food web, including lower and middle levels (phytoplankton, zooplankton, krill, fishes), the upper trophic levels (seals, penguins, pelagic birds, whales) and benthic fauna. a hypothetical food web is presented. biotic interactions ... | 2007 | 17405209 |
| reactivity of shrimp allergy-related ige antibodies to krill tropomyosin. | krill, which morphologically resembles small shrimp, represents small ocean crustaceans and has been used for human consumption in japan and some other countries. the major allergen in crustaceans has been reported to be tropomyosin, but the allergenicity of krill tropomyosin remains uncertain. | 2008 | 17912005 |
| adult antarctic krill feeding at abyssal depths. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) is a large euphausiid, widely distributed within the southern ocean [1], and a key species in the antarctic food web [2]. the discovery investigations in the early 20(th) century, coupled with subsequent work with both nets and echosounders, indicated that the bulk of the population of postlarval krill is typically confined to the top 150 m of the water column [1, 3, 4]. here, we report for the first time the existence of significant numbers of antarctic krill ... | 2008 | 18302926 |
| histopathology of antarctic krill, euphausia superba, bearing black spots. | small black spots have been noticed on the cephalothorax of antarctic krill, euphausia superba, since january, 2001. to study the nature of the black spots, the krill were sampled in the winter of 2003, 2006, and 2007 in the south georgia region, the antarctic ocean. histological observations revealed that the black spots were melanized nodules that were composed of hemocytes surrounding either bacteria or amorphous material. in the 2007 samples, 42% of the krill had melanized nodules. most of t ... | 2008 | 18534613 |
| persistent organohalogen contaminant burdens in antarctic krill (euphausia superba) from the eastern antarctic sector: a baseline study. | a baseline for persistent organohalogen compound (poc) accumulation in the antarctic keystone species, antarctic krill (euphausia superba) has been established for a 50 degrees longitudinal range of the eastern antarctic sector. samples of adult krill, caught from 12 sites distributed between 30 degrees and 80 degrees e (60-70 degrees s), were analysed for >100 organohalogen compounds including chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated organic compounds and polychl ... | 2008 | 18848720 |
| physiological and morphological colour change in antarctic krill, euphausia superba: a field study in the lazarev sea. | antarctic krill, euphausia superba, is very susceptible to harmful solar radiation because of its unique genetic setup. exposure occurs in spring to autumn during vertical diel migration and during occasional daytime surface-swarming. we have investigated colour change in antarctic krill, euphausia superba, during summer and winter in the lazarev sea in response to ultraviolet radiation (uvr) and photosynthetically active radiation (par). short-term physiological colour change and long-term (sea ... | 2008 | 19043057 |
| recent changes in phytoplankton communities associated with rapid regional climate change along the western antarctic peninsula. | the climate of the western shelf of the antarctic peninsula (wap) is undergoing a transition from a cold-dry polar-type climate to a warm-humid sub-antarctic-type climate. using three decades of satellite and field data, we document that ocean biological productivity, inferred from chlorophyll a concentration (chl a), has significantly changed along the wap shelf. summertime surface chl a (summer integrated chl a approximately 63% of annually integrated chl a) declined by 12% along the wap over ... | 2009 | 19286554 |
| amino acid and mineral composition of protein and other components and their recovery yields from whole antarctic krill (euphausia superba) using isoelectric solubilization/precipitation. | proteins and insolubles were recovered from whole antarctic krill via novel isoelectric solubilization/precipitation using different ph treatments. the protein recovery yield was 45% to 50% (dry basis). the recovered proteins had higher (p < 0.05) content of essential amino acids (eaas) and non-eaas as well as higher (p < 0.05) ratio of total eaa/total aa than whole krill. the eaas constituted almost 50% of total aas. the least extreme ph treatments (phs 3 and 12) yielded highest (p < 0.05) cont ... | 2009 | 19323748 |
| isolation and identification of antihypertensive peptides from antarctic krill tail meat hydrolysate. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) obtained from the huge biomass in antarctic waters is an important food product in japan. antarctic krill peptide powder (akpp) prepared from the tail meat by enzymatic hydrolysis significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by a single oral administration (1, 10, or 100 mg). presumably, the effect of akpp was through inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin, which mediates blood pressure elevation, from its inactiv ... | 2009 | 19490329 |
| the mitochondrial genome of euphausia superba (prydz bay) (crustacea: malacostraca: euphausiacea) reveals a novel gene arrangement and potential molecular markers. | euphausiid krill are dominant organisms in the zooplankton population and play a central role in marine ecosystems. in this paper, we described the gene organization, gene rearrangement and codon usage in the mitochondrial genome of euphausia superba dana 1852 (sampling from prydz bay, pb). the mitochondrial genome of e. superba is more than 15,498 bp in length (partial non-coding region was not determined). translocation of four trnas (trnl ( 1 ), trnl ( 2 ), trnw and trni) and duplication of o ... | 2010 | 19578978 |
| occurrence of organochlorine compounds in euphausia superba and unhatched eggs of pygoscelis genus penguins from admiralty bay (king george island, antarctica) and estimation of biomagnification factors. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and organochlorine pesticides are compounds that do not occur naturally in the environment and are not easily degraded by chemical or microbiological action. in the present work, those compounds were analysed in unhatched penguin eggs and whole krill collected in admiralty bay, king george island, antarctica in the austral summers of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. the compounds found in higher levels (in a wet weight basis) were, in most of the egg samples, the pcbs (2 ... | 2010 | 19917513 |
| bioinformatic analyses of the publicly accessible crustacean expressed sequence tags (ests) reveal numerous novel neuropeptide-encoding precursor proteins, including ones from members of several little studied taxa. | ests have been generated for many crustacean species, providing an invaluable resource for peptide discovery in members of this arthropod subphylum. here, these data were mined for novel peptide-encoding transcripts, with the mature peptides encoded by them predicted using a combination of online peptide prediction programs and homology to known arthropod sequences. in total, 70 mature full-length/partial peptides representing members of 16 families/subfamilies were predicted, the vast majority ... | 2010 | 20064519 |
| swarms of diversity at the gene cox1 in antarctic krill. | the antarctic krill, euphausia superba, is an abundant and key species found in the southern ocean that forms dense, discrete swarms. despite over three decades of research on antarctic krill, the genetics of individual swarms is yet to be specifically investigated. in this study, we address the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of nine antarctic krill swarms by sequencing 1173 bases of the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1, coi) from 504 individuals. both h ... | 2010 | 20087386 |
| a cry from the krill. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) inhabit a region with strong seasonality in several parameters, such as photoperiod, light intensity, extent of sea ice, and food availability. in particular, seasonal changes in environmental light regimes have been shown to strongly influence krill metabolism, representing control signals for seasonal regulation of physiology of this key southern ocean species. here, we report the identification of a cryptochrome gene, a cardinal component of the clockwork m ... | 2010 | 20524794 |
| elucidation of phosphatidylcholine composition in krill oil extracted from euphausia superba. | high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the phospholipids in krill oil extracted from euphausia superba, an emerging source for human nutritional supplements. the study was carried out in order to map the species of the choline-containing phospholipid classes: phosphatidylcholine and lyso-phosphatidylcholine. in addition, the prevalent phosphatidylcholine class was quantified and the results compared with prior analysis. the qualificatio ... | 2011 | 20848234 |
| extraction of proteins with low fluoride level from antarctic krill ( euphausia superba ) and their composition analysis. | the extraction of proteins with low fluoride level (lfp) from antarctic krill ( euphausia superba ) was investigated in this work. the optimal conditions for protein solubilization were determined to be ph 11.5 and 4 °c. the proteins were solubilized two times; a water/krill ratio (ml/g) of 6 and a time of 30 min were used for the first step, whereas the second used a water/krill residue ratio (ml/g) of 3 and a time of 30 min. the optimum ph for protein precipitation was 4.6. a lfp with fluoride ... | 2011 | 21539395 |
| Effect of dietary fluoride derived from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal on growth of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). | Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) is the most important cultured marine fish in Japan. Dietary fish meal for yellowtail in aquaculture was replaced with 0.0%, 15.4% and 100.0% Antarctic krill meal (KM0, KM15, and KM100) and with 0.0%, 15.4%, and 100.0% low-fluoride krill meal (LFK0, LFK15 and LFK100). The fish was fed to duplicate fish groups for 92d (KM trial) or 75d (LFK trial), and fish growth was monitored. Dietary fluoride (F(-)) concentrations (mgkg(-1)) were 110, 160, and 580 (KM0, KM15 ... | 2011 | 22113059 |
| proteases of antarctic krill--a new system for effective enzymatic debridement of necrotic ulcerations. | the antarctic krill (euphausia superba) possesses an "over-dimensioned' digestive system, which is of vital importance for the survival of this euphaucean shrimp in the extreme marine environment. the isolated enzymes contain a well-balanced mixture of both endo- and exopeptidases, assuring fast and complete breakdown of proteinaceous material. these unique properties have now been shown to be extremely valuable for the effective removal of necrotic debris, fibrin or blood crusts in vitro. there ... | 2012 | 3514270 |
| antarctic krill 454 pyrosequencing reveals chaperone and stress transcriptome. | the antarctic krill euphausia superba is a keystone species in the antarctic food chain. not only is it a significant grazer of phytoplankton, but it is also a major food item for charismatic megafauna such as whales and seals and an important southern ocean fisheries crop. ecological data suggest that this species is being affected by climate change and this will have considerable consequences for the balance of the southern ocean ecosystem. hence, understanding how this organism functions is a ... | 2011 | 21253607 |
| systematic sequencing of mrna from the antarctic krill (euphausia superba) and first tissue specific transcriptional signature. | little is known about the genome sequences of euphausiacea (krill) although these crustaceans are abundant components of the pelagic ecosystems in all oceans and used for aquaculture and pharmaceutical industry. this study reports the results of an expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing project from different tissues of euphausia superba (the antarctic krill). | 2008 | 18226200 |
| differential gene expression during the moult cycle of antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | all crustaceans periodically moult to renew their exoskeleton. in krill this involves partial digestion and resorption of the old exoskeleton and synthesis of new cuticle. molecular events that underlie the moult cycle are poorly understood in calcifying crustaceans and even less so in non-calcifying organisms such as krill. to address this we constructed an antarctic krill cdna microarray in order to generate gene expression profiles across the moult cycle and identify possible activation pathw ... | 2010 | 20958982 |
| the antarctic krill euphausia superba shows diurnal cycles of transcription under natural conditions. | polar environments are characterized by extreme seasonal changes in day length, light intensity and spectrum, the extent of sea ice during the winter, and food availability. a key species of the southern ocean ecosystem, the antarctic krill (euphausia superba) has evolved rhythmic physiological and behavioral mechanisms to adapt to daily and seasonal changes. the molecular organization of the clockwork underlying these biological rhythms is, nevertheless, still only partially understood. | 2013 | 23874706 |
| screening of microorganisms from deep-sea mud for antarctic krill (euphausia superba) fermentation and evaluation of the bioactive compounds. | twelve kinds of strains were isolated from deep-sea mud which can use antarctic krill powder as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. these strains were identified by 16s rdna sequence analysis and grouped into eight different genera, including bacillus, shewanella, psychrobacter, klebsiella, macrococcus, aeromonas, acinetobacter, and saccharomyces. after fermentation of antarctic krill powder using these strains, bioactive compounds including total phenolics, free amino acids, and enzyme activities ... | 2015 | 25416479 |
| a thioredoxin from antarctic microcrustacean (euphausia superba): cloning and functional characterization. | thioredoxins, with a dithiol/disulfide active site (cgpc) are major highly conserved and ubiquitous proteins that are involved in protecting organisms against various oxidative stresses. in the present study, a novel thioredoxin gene was identified in antarctic microcrustacean, euphausia superba (designated as estrx1). the full-length cdna sequences of estrx1 was of 621 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 45 bp, a 3' utr of 276 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 303 bp encoding a ... | 2017 | 28232193 |
| diversity and function of the antarctic krill microorganisms from euphausia superba. | the diversity and ecological function of microorganisms associated with euphausia superba, still remain unknown. this study identified 75 microbial isolates from e. superba, that is 42 fungi and 33 bacteria including eight actinobacteria. and all the isolates showed naf tolerance in conformity with the nature of the fluoride krill. the maximum concentration was 10%, 3% and 0.5% naf for actinobacteria, bacteria and fungi, respectively. the results demonstrated that 82.4% bacteria, 81.3% actinobac ... | 2016 | 27812046 |
| characterization of a salt-activated protease with temperature-dependent secretion in stenotrophomonas maltophilia ff11 isolated from frozen antarctic krill. | seafood is sometimes wasted due to the growth of psychrotolerant microbes which secrete proteases and break down proteins. stenotrophomonas maltophilia ff11, isolated from frozen antarctic krill, grows at a wide range of temperatures and secretes more proteases at low temperatures. according to zymogram analysis, two kinds of proteases were produced from this strain. a major protease was produced largely at 15 °c, but not at 37 °c. the temperature-dependent secreted protease was purified to homo ... | 2016 | 27001262 |
| relative changes in krill abundance inferred from antarctic fur seal. | antarctic krill euphausia superba is a predominant species in the southern ocean, it is very sensitive to climate change, and it supports large stocks of fishes, seabirds, seals and whales in antarctic marine ecosystems. modern krill stocks have been estimated directly by net hauls and acoustic surveys; the historical krill density especially the long-term one in the southern ocean, however, is unknown. here we inferred the relative krill population changes along the west antarctic peninsula (wa ... | 2011 | 22087294 |
| digestibility of krill (euphausia superba and thysanoessa sp.) in minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata) and crabeater seals (lobodon carcinophagus). | apparent digestible efficiency (% de) was studied by use of dietary mn as an inert marker, in minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata) and crabeater seals (lobodon carcinophagus) which had been eating krill. median % de in minke whales (n5) eating krill of the genus thysanoessa sp. (energy density (ed) 23.8 kj/g) was 93 (range 87-93). median % de in crabeater seals (n6) eating krill of the species euphausia superba (ed 20.8 kj/g) was 84 (range 79-85), which is significantly lower than the % de ... | 1994 | 7826994 |
| southern right whale (eubalaena australis) reproductive success is influenced by krill (euphausia superba) density and climate. | the reproductive success of southern right whale (eubalaena australis) depends on body condition and, therefore, on foraging success. this, in turn, might be affected by climatically driven change in the abundance of the species main prey, krill (euphausia superba), on the feeding grounds. annual data on southern right whale number of calves were obtained from aerial surveys carried out between 1997 and 2013 in southern brazil, where the species concentrate during their breeding season. the numb ... | 2016 | 27306583 |
| where do penguins go during the inter-breeding period? using geolocation to track the winter dispersion of the macaroni penguin. | although penguins are key marine predators from the southern ocean, their migratory behaviour during the inter-nesting period remains widely unknown. here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, the winter foraging movements and feeding habits of a penguin species by using geolocation sensors fitted on penguins with a new attachment method. we focused on the macaroni penguin eudyptes chrysolophus at kerguelen, the single largest consumer of marine prey among all seabirds. overall, macar ... | 2009 | 19447814 |
| sexual and individual foraging segregation in gentoo penguins pygoscelis papua from the southern ocean during an abnormal winter. | knowledge about sexual segregation and gender-specific, or indeed individual specialization, in marine organisms has improved considerably in the past decade. in this context, we tested the "intersexual competition hypothesis" for penguins by investigating the feeding ecology of gentoo penguins during their austral winter non-breeding season. we considered this during unusual environmental conditions (i.e. the year 2009 had observations of high sea surface and air temperatures) in comparison wit ... | 2017 | 28362847 |
| humpback whale "super-groups" - a novel low-latitude feeding behaviour of southern hemisphere humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae) in the benguela upwelling system. | southern hemisphere humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae) generally undertake annual migrations from polar summer feeding grounds to winter calving and nursery grounds in subtropical and tropical coastal waters. evidence for such migrations arises from seasonality of historic whaling catches by latitude, discovery and natural mark returns, and results of satellite tagging studies. feeding is generally believed to be limited to the southern polar region, where antarctic krill (euphausia superb ... | 2017 | 28249036 |
| e-configuration structures of epa and dha derived from euphausia superba and their significant inhibitive effects on growth of human cancer cell lines in vitro. | many bioactive components such as poly-unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. epa and dha), phospholipids and astaxanthin are known in antarctic krill (euphausia superba) oil. the krill dha and epa are generally considered to be similar to natural ones. however, two chemical compounds which were separated from antarctic krill oil and identified as epa and dha by hresims and nmr acted much more effective inhibitive activities on growth of several cell lines (u937, k562, smmc-7721, pc-3, mda-mb-231, hl60 a ... | 2017 | 28237087 |
| validation of band counts in eyestalks for the determination of age of antarctic krill, euphausia superba. | using known-age antarctic krill (euphausia superba) grown from eggs hatched at two different laboratories, we validate the annual pattern of bands deposited in the eyestalks of krill and determine the absolute age of these animals. ages two through five years were validated, and these animals ranged from 37.1 to 62.6 mm in total length. the band counts in these individuals were either identical to their absolute ages, or only failed to agree by a few months, which demonstrates the accuracy of th ... | 2017 | 28225825 |
| krilldb: a de novo transcriptome database for the antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) is a key species in the southern ocean with an estimated biomass between 100 and 500 million tonnes. changes in krill population viability would have catastrophic effect on the antarctic ecosystem. one looming threat due to elevated levels of anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (co2) is ocean acidification (lowering of sea water ph by co2 dissolving into the oceans). the genetics of antarctic krill has long been of scientific interest for both for the ana ... | 2017 | 28187156 |
| characterization of protease and effects of temperature and salinity on the biochemical changes during fermentation of antarctic krill. | despite their abundance, antarctic krill are underutilized because of numerous difficulties in their commercial processing. ideally, fermentation technology can be applied to transform them into a popular condiment. in addition to the exploration of protease properties, the present study aimed to evaluate proteinase activity, ph, amino nitrogen, and histamine formation during fermentation at different temperatures and salt treatments. | 2017 | 28078684 |
| quantifying the escape mortality of trawl caught antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) is an abundant fishery resource, the harvest levels of which are expected to increase. however, many of the length classes of krill can escape through commonly used commercial trawl mesh sizes. a vital component of the overall management of a fishery is to estimate the total fishing mortality and quantify the mortality rate of individuals that escape from fishing gear. the methods for determining fishing mortality in krill are still poorly developed. we used a ... | 2016 | 27622510 |
| differing foraging strategies influence mercury (hg) exposure in an antarctic penguin community. | seabirds are ideal model organisms to track mercury (hg) through marine food webs as they are long-lived, broadly distributed, and are susceptible to biomagnification due to foraging at relatively high trophic levels. however, using these species as biomonitors requires a solid understanding of the degree of species, sexual and age-specific variation in foraging behaviors which act to mediate their dietary exposure to hg. we combined stomach content analysis along with hg and stable isotope anal ... | 2016 | 27567712 |
| at-sea distribution and prey selection of antarctic petrels and commercial krill fisheries. | commercial fisheries may impact marine ecosystems and affect populations of predators like seabirds. in the southern ocean, there is an extensive fishery for antarctic krill euphausia superba that is projected to increase further. comparing distribution and prey selection of fishing operations versus predators is needed to predict fishery-related impacts on krill-dependent predators. in this context, it is important to consider not only predators breeding near the fishing grounds but also the on ... | 2016 | 27533327 |
| [the therapeutic effects of dietary krill oil (euphausia superba) supplementation on oxidative stress and dna damages markers in cafeteria diet-overfed rats]. | to evaluate the therapeutic effects of dietary krill oil supplementation in modulation of oxidative stress components and dna oxidative damages marker in cafeteria diet-overfed-rats. | 2016 | 27184514 |
| the opsin repertoire of the antarctic krill euphausia superba. | the antarctic krill euphausia superba experiences almost all marine photic environments throughout its life cycle. antarctic krill eggs hatch in the aphotic zone up to 1000m depth and larvae develop on their way to the ocean surface (development ascent) and are exposed to different quality (wavelength) and quantity (irradiance) of light. adults show a daily vertical migration pattern, moving downward during the day and upward during the night within the top 200m of the water column. seawater act ... | 2016 | 27157882 |
| phosphorylated peptides from antarctic krill (euphausia superba) prevent estrogen deficiency induced osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. | in the current study, we investigated the improvement of phosphorylated peptides from antarctic krill euphausia superba (pp-akp) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. pp-akp was supplemented to ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats for 90 days. the results showed that pp-akp treatment remarkably prevented the reduction of bone mass and improved cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties. pp-akp also significantly decreased serum contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (tracp), c ... | 2015 | 26456758 |
| assessing the structure and temporal dynamics of seabird communities: the challenge of capturing marine ecosystem complexity. | understanding interspecific interactions, and the influences of anthropogenic disturbance and environmental change on communities, are key challenges in ecology. despite the pressing need to understand these fundamental drivers of community structure and dynamics, only 17% of ecological studies conducted over the past three decades have been at the community level. here, we assess the trophic structure of the procellariiform community breeding at south georgia, to identify the factors that deter ... | 2016 | 26439671 |
| a phospholipid-protein complex from antarctic krill reduced plasma homocysteine levels and increased plasma trimethylamine-n-oxide (tmao) and carnitine levels in male wistar rats. | seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. however, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. this study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (ppc) from antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-n-oxide (tmao) in rats. male wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% ppc ... | 2015 | 26371012 |
| antarctic krill population genomics: apparent panmixia, but genome complexity and large population size muddy the water. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba; hereafter krill) are an incredibly abundant pelagic crustacean which has a wide, but patchy, distribution in the southern ocean. several studies have examined the potential for population genetic structuring in krill, but dna-based analyses have focused on a limited number of markers and have covered only part of their circum-antarctic range. we used mitochondrial dna and restriction site-associated dna sequencing (rad-seq) to investigate genetic differences b ... | 2015 | 26340718 |
| preparation and thermo-reversible gelling properties of protein isolate from defatted antarctic krill (euphausia superba) byproducts. | protein isolate was prepared from defatted antarctic krill (euphausia superba) byproducts by 0.1 m naoh extraction. maximum yield of krill protein isolate reached 28.66% by precipitation at ph 4.6. krill protein isolate demonstrated its excellent nutritional values through amino acid composition and in vitro digestibility. thermal transition of krill protein isolate was determined by differential scanning calorimetry measurement. extrapolated values of glass transition temperature (tg) and denat ... | 2015 | 26041179 |
| modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of foraging movements of humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae) in the western antarctic peninsula. | a population of humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae) spends the austral summer feeding on antarctic krill (euphausia superba) along the western antarctic peninsula (wap). these whales acquire their annual energetic needs during an episodic feeding season in high latitude waters that must sustain long-distance migration and fasting on low-latitude breeding grounds. antarctic krill are broadly distributed along the continental shelf and nearshore waters during the spring and early summer, and ... | 2015 | 26034604 |
| a transcriptome resource for antarctic krill (euphausia superba dana) exposed to short-term stress. | euphausia superba is a keystone species in antarctic food webs. however, the continued decrease in stock density raises concerns over the resilience and adaptive potential of krill to withstand the current rate of environmental change. we undertook a transcriptome-scale approach (454 pyrosequencing) as a baseline for future studies addressing the physiological response of krill to short-term food shortage and natural uv-b stress. the final assembly resulted in a total of 26,415 contigs, 39.8% of ... | 2015 | 25957695 |
| diversification, evolution and sub-functionalization of 70kda heat-shock proteins in two sister species of antarctic krill: differences in thermal habitats, responses and implications under climate change. | a comparative thermal tolerance study was undertaken on two sister species of euphausiids (antarctic krills) euphausia superba and euphausia crystallorophias. both are essential components of the southern ocean ecosystem, but occupy distinct environmental geographical locations with slightly different temperature regimes. they therefore provide a useful model system for the investigation of adaptations to thermal tolerance. | 2015 | 25835552 |
| pyrosequencing and de novo assembly of antarctic krill (euphausia superba) transcriptome to study the adaptability of krill to climate-induced environmental changes. | the antarctic krill, euphausia superba, has a key position in the southern ocean food web by serving as direct link between primary producers and apex predators. the south-west atlantic sector of the southern ocean, where the majority of the krill population is located, is experiencing one of the most profound environmental changes worldwide. up to now, we have only cursory information about krill's genomic plasticity to cope with the ongoing environmental changes induced by anthropogenic co2 em ... | 2015 | 25818178 |
| investigating the effect of recruitment variability on length-based recruitment indices for antarctic krill using an individual-based population dynamics model. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba; herein krill) is monitored as part of an on-going fisheries observer program that collects length-frequency data. a krill feedback management programme is currently being developed, and as part of this development, the utility of data-derived indices describing population level processes is being assessed. to date, however, little work has been carried out on the selection of optimum recruitment indices and it has not been possible to assess the performance of ... | 2014 | 25470296 |
| preparation and anti-osteoporotic activities in vivo of phosphorylated peptides from antarctic krill (euphausia superba). | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) protein serves as a novel sustainable protein source for human. krill protein isolate was phosphorylated by the dry-heating method with sodium pyrophosphate. phosphorylated peptides from antarctic krill (pp-akp) were obtained from phosphorylated protein through tryptic hydrolysis. two types of phosphate bonds were introduced by phosphorylation, i.e. po and po bonds. the anti-osteoporotic activities of pp-akp at two doses (400 and 800mg/kg body weight) were inv ... | 2015 | 25445604 |
| the application of optical coherence tomography to image subsurface tissue structure of antarctic krill euphausia superba. | many small open ocean animals, such as antarctic krill, are an important part of marine ecosystems. to discover what will happen to animals such as krill in a changing ocean, experiments are run in aquaria where conditions can be controlled to simulate water characteristics predicted to occur in the future. the response of individual animals to changing water conditions can be hard to observe, and with current observation techniques it is very difficult to follow the progress of an individual an ... | 2014 | 25310589 |
| high-performance thin-layer chromatography for quantification of 1-octacosanol in antarctic krill (euphausia superba dana). | 1-octacosanol is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon fatty alcohol with well-known anti-fatigue function. in this study, 1-octacosanol was extracted from antarctic krill for the first time. separation of 1-octacosanol was achieved using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (tlc) with a mobile phase consisting of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/toluene (4 : 1 : 0.05, v/v/v) on precoated silica gel gf254 high-performance tlc plates. the separated 1-octacosanol was quantified using spectrodens ... | 2015 | 25146498 |
| size selection of antarctic krill (euphausia superba) in trawls. | trawlers involved in the antarctic krill (euphausia superba) fishery use different trawl designs, and very little is known about the size selectivity of the various gears. size selectivity quantifies a given trawl's ability to catch different sizes of a harvested entity, and this information is crucial for the management of a sustainable fishery. we established a morphological description of krill and used it in a mathematical model (fishselect) to predict the selective potential of diamond mesh ... | 2014 | 25105960 |
| a folding study of antarctic krill (euphausia superba) alkaline phosphatase using denaturants. | to gain insight into the structural and folding mechanisms of antarctic krill alkaline phosphatase (alp), the enzyme was properly purified by (nh4)2so4 fractionation and by both sephadex g-75 and deae anion exchange chromatography. the purified enzyme (62.6 kda; 2.62 unit/mg) was unstable at temperatures exceeding 30°c. denaturants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), guanidine hcl, and urea, were applied to evaluate the folding mechanism, including kinetics and thermodynamics, of krill alp. s ... | 2014 | 25016161 |
| purification, characterization, and unfolding studies of arginine kinase from antarctic krill. | the regulation of enzymatic activity and unfolding studies of arginine kinase (ak) from various invertebrates have been the focus of investigation. to gain insight into the structural and folding mechanisms of ak from euphausia superba (esak), we purified esak from muscle properly. the enzyme behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 40kda and had ph and temperature optima of 8.0 and 30°c, respectively. the km(arg) and km(atp) for the synthesis of phosphoarginine were 0.30 an ... | 2014 | 24690537 |
| folding studies of arginine kinase from euphausia superba using denaturants. | arginine kinase (ak) is a key metabolic enzyme for maintaining energy balance in invertebrates and studies on ak from euphausia superba might provide important insights into the metabolic enzymes in extreme climatic marine environments. a folding study of the ak from e. superba (esak) has not yet been reported. to gain insights into the structural and folding mechanisms of esak, the denaturants guanidine hcl and urea were applied in this study. we purified esak from the muscle of e. superba and ... | 2014 | 24577673 |
| spatially explicit estimates of prey consumption reveal a new krill predator in the southern ocean. | development in foraging behaviour and dietary intake of many vertebrates are age-structured. differences in feeding ecology may correlate with ontogenetic shifts in dispersal patterns, and therefore affect foraging habitat and resource utilization. such life-history traits have important implications in interpreting tropho-dynamic linkages. stable isotope ratios in the whiskers of sub-yearling southern elephant seals (mirounga leonina; n = 12) were used, in conjunction with satellite telemetry a ... | 2014 | 24516515 |
| characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the antarctic krill euphausia superba. | the antarctic krill, euphausia superba is a pelagic crustacean, abundant in high-density swarms (10,000 - 30,000 ind/m2) with a circumpolar distribution and a key role in the food web of the southern ocean. only three est derived microsatellite markers have been used in previous genetic studies, hence we developed additional highly polymorphic microsatellite markers to allow robust studies of the genetic variability and population differentiation within this species. | 2014 | 24490686 |
| evolutionary history of the gaba transporter (gat) group revealed by marine invertebrate gat-1. | the gaba transporter (gat) group is one of the major subgroups in the solute career 6 (slc6) family of transmembrane proteins. the gat group, which has been well studied in mammals, has 6 known members, i.e., a taurine transporter (taut), four gaba transporters (gat-1, -2, -3, - 4), and a creatine transporter (ct1), which have important roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis. however, the gat group has not been extensively investigated in invertebrates; only taut has been reported in mar ... | 2013 | 24312660 |
| ecosystem services of the southern ocean: trade-offs in decision-making. | ecosystem services are the benefits that mankind obtains from natural ecosystems. here we identify the key services provided by the southern ocean. these include provisioning of fishery products, nutrient cycling, climate regulation and the maintenance of biodiversity, with associated cultural and aesthetic benefits. potential catch limits for antarctic krill (euphausia superba dana) alone are equivalent to 11% of current global marine fisheries landings. we also examine the extent to which deci ... | 2013 | 24163501 |
| penguin tissue as a proxy for relative krill abundance in east antarctica during the holocene. | antarctic krill (euphausia superba) is a key component of the southern ocean food web. it supports a large number of upper trophic-level predators, and is also a major fishery resource. understanding changes in krill abundance has long been a priority for research and conservation in the southern ocean. in this study, we performed stable isotope analyses on ancient adélie penguin tissues and inferred relative krill abundance during the holocene epoch from paleodiets of adélie penguin (pygoscelis ... | 2013 | 24076768 |
| the oceanography and ecology of the ross sea. | the continental shelf of the ross sea exhibits substantial variations in physical forcing, ice cover, and biological processes on a variety of time and space scales. its circulation is characterized by advective inputs from the east and exchanges with off-shelf regions via the troughs along the northern portions. phytoplankton biomass is greater there than anywhere else in the antarctic, although nitrate is rarely reduced to levels below 10 μmol l(-1). overall growth is regulated by irradiance ( ... | 2014 | 23987914 |