| rickettsial and mollicute infections in hepatopancreatic cells of cultured pacific white shrimp (penaeus vannamei). | infections by multiple species of bacteria occurred in hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of cultured pacific white shrimp (penaeus vannamei). grossly, hepatopancreases of moribund shrimp were pale white. light microscopically, hepatopancreatic tubules appeared atrophied and were associated with granulomas. examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed heavy cytoplasmic infections by three forms of microorganisms: (1) a rickettsia-like bacterium, (2) a helical form of a mo ... | 1991 | 2066576 |
| molecular phylogeny and in situ detection of the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in shrimp. | necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) is a severe disease of farm-raised penaeus vannamei that has been associated with mortality losses ranging from 20 to 95%. nhp was first recognized in texas in 1985 (s. k. johnson, p. 16, in handbook of shrimp diseases, 1989) and is an economically important disease that has limited the ability to culture shrimp in texas. the putative cause of nhp is a gram-negative, pleomorphic, intracellular, rickettsia-like bacterium that remains uncultured in part because ... | 1996 | 8795235 |
| specific, nonradioactive detection of the nhp bacterium in penaeus vannamei by in situ hybridization. | necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) is a disease of farm-raised pacific white shrimp (penaeus vannamei) caused by a pleomorphic intracellular bacterium. a dna probe that is specific for the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis was devised and tested in an in situ hybridization assay. a procedure was developed for labeling a single-stranded dna probe with digoxigenin by the polymerase chain reaction. the dna probe encompasses the v1 and v2 variable regions of the 16s ribosomal rna ( ... | 1996 | 8844575 |
| alpha-glucosidase from the hepatopancreas of the shrimp, penaeus vannamei (crustacea-decapoda). | penaeus vannamei is an omnivorous species, and it can be assumed that a high level of carbohydrates is necessary for growth. alpha-glucosidases are important enzymes necessary for the ultimate liberation of glucose residues from various carbohydrates. using acarbose affinity chromatography, a glycosylated alpha-glucosidase with a molecular mass of approximately 105 kda was isolated for the first time from the hepatopancreas of the shrimp. exhibiting an optimal catalytic activity in the temperatu ... | 1998 | 9542155 |
| a yellow head virus gene probe: nucleotide sequence and application for in situ hybridization. | a portion of the genome of yellow head virus (yhv) of penaeid shrimp was cloned and the cdna fragment (1161 bp) was designated clone 3-27. the fragment was labeled with digoxigenin and hybridized in situ to tissue sections of yhv-infected penaeus vannamei. positively reacting tissues included those of the lymphoid organ, cuticular epithelium, and gills. in addition, connective tissue of hepatopancreas, heart, antennal gland, hematopoietic organ, nerve tract, midgut cecum and muscle reacted to th ... | 1999 | 10228874 |
| vibrios associated with litopenaeus vannamei larvae, postlarvae, broodstock, and hatchery probionts. | several bacteriological surveys were performed from 1994 to 1996 at different litopenaeus vannamei hatcheries (in ecuador) and shrimp farms (in mexico). samples were taken from routine productions of healthy and diseased l. vannamei larvae, postlarvae, and their culture environment and from healthy and diseased juveniles and broodstock. in ecuador, the dominant bacterial flora associated with shrimp larvae showing symptoms of zoea 2 syndrome, mysis mold syndrome, and bolitas syndrome has been de ... | 1999 | 10347048 |
| recombinant expression and range of activity of penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides from penaeid shrimp. | penaeidins are 5.5- to 6.6-kda antimicrobial peptides recently isolated from the plasma and haemocytes of the tropical shrimp penaeus vannamei. these molecules differ from the other classes of antimicrobial peptides in that they are composed of a proline-rich n-terminus and of a c-terminus containing six cysteine residues engaged in three disulfide bridges. in order to gain information on their antimicrobial activity, two penaeidins (pen-2 and pen-3a) were expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... | 1999 | 10561573 |
| enzymatic and osmoregulative alterations in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei exposed to pesticides. | pesticide pollution in coastal ecosystems of sinaloa, mexico is considered to be a cause for slow growth, increase of diseases and sometimes massive mortality of shrimp. so it was necessary to develop fast techniques to detect pesticide pollution in shrimp habitats. enzymatic and osmoregulation tests in shrimp exposed to ddt, lindane, chlordane, lorsban, gusathion, folidol, diazinon and tamaron were carried out. activity reductions from 11 to 2 units/ml in acetylcholinesterase and from 1 to 0 un ... | 2000 | 10665412 |
| hepatopancreatic alterations in litopenaeus vannamei (boone, 1939) (crustacea: decapoda: penaeidae) experimentally infected with a vibrio alginolyticus strain. | as in other countries, the presence of disease has affected and limited the development of shrimp culture in venezuela. vibriosis is one of the most prevalent, causing high mortality not only in larval cultures but also in shrimp production. the present work shows the histological changes in hepatopancreas of litopenaeus vannamei experimentally induced by a strain of vibrio alginolyticus. the shrimps were infected by the immersion technique, being exposed to a concentration of 5.2 x 10(7) bacter ... | 2000 | 10963396 |
| epidemiological parameters of white spot syndrome virus infections in litopenaeus vannamei and l. setiferus. | an experimental protocol based on a mathematical epidemiology model was developed to study the transmission, virulence, and recovery rates of white spot syndrome virus (wssv). two modes of transmission were compared for wssv in litopenaeus vannamei. we compared transmission by ingestion of infected cadavers to transmission by cohabitation with infected animals. in addition, we compared the ingestion transmission of wssv in l. vannamei and in l. setiferus. finally, we compared the virulence and r ... | 2001 | 11500088 |
| differences in the susceptibility of american white shrimp larval substages (litopenaeus vannamei) to four vibrio species. | the rapid expansion of commercial culture of penaeid shrimp is threatened by vibrio diseases affecting survival and growth. these opportunistic microorganisms are considered part of the normal ecosystem of penaeid shrimp and cause diseases only under conditions that favor them over the host. shrimp larvae show different susceptibility to these pathogenic agents. in the present work, we report on a comparative study of the susceptibility of all american white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) larval ... | 2001 | 12009802 |
| effect of some organophosphorus pesticides on oxygen consumption of shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei. | oxygen consumption was measured in adult specimens of litopenaeus vannamei shrimps from a coastal lagoon of sinaloa, mexico, during exposure to sublethal concentrations of the organophosphorus pesticides, diazinon, folidol, and gusathion. each individual was used as a control of itself, to avoid differences between treatments being masked by individual variability. in all three treatments with pesticides, respiration rate, measured by a polarographic electrode, was significantly lower than in co ... | 2002 | 12061830 |
| model of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) epidemics in litopenaeus vannamei. | white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is devastating shrimp aquaculture throughout the world, but despite its economic importance no work has been done on modeling epidemics of this pathogen. therefore we developed a reed-frost epidemic model for wssv in litopenaeus vannamei. the model includes uninfected susceptible, latently infected, acutely infected, and dead infected shrimp. the source of new infections during an outbreak is considered to be dead infected shrimp. the transmission coefficient, pa ... | 2002 | 12219976 |
| molecular characterization of vitellin from the ovaries of the white shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei. | vitellin (vt) was purified from ovary extracts of mature females of the white shrimp penaeus vannamei using sepharose cl-4b and q-sepharose columns. native vt had an apparent molecular weight of 388 kda as detected in native-page, bound the lipophilic dye oil red o and had a total lipid content of approximately 43.8%. under reducing and denaturing conditions (sds-page), vt is composed of three major subunits of 87, 78 and 46 kda, although minor bands of 65, 61 and 31 kda are also detected. the 8 ... | 2002 | 12431404 |
| haemolymph parameters of pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) infected with taura syndrome virus. | pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) were injected with taura syndrome virus (tsv) to assess shrimp immune responses and survival. tsv-infected shrimp suffered high mortality, but mock-infected and untreated shrimp experienced no mortality. moribund shrimp were a pale, reddish colour and were lethargic and soft-shelled. their haemolymph was clear red and coagulated poorly. in tsv-infected shrimp, the total haemocyte count (thc), hyalinocyte and granulocyte counts, and total plasma protein ... | 2003 | 12657535 |
| experimental infection of penaeus vannamei by a rickettsia-like bacterium (rlb) originating from p. monodon. | a rickettsia-like bacterium (rlb), which caused severe mortalities of commercially farmed penaeus monodon in the southwest region of madagascar, was investigated to determine whether the organism would produce the same disease in p. vannamei. two series of bioassays were performed to determine whether this rlb could be transmitted to p. vannamei through injection and per os exposure. the first series of challenge bioassays used frozen, rlb-infected p. monodon tissue from madagascar as the inocul ... | 2003 | 12718469 |
| simultaneous detection of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and taura syndrome virus (tsv) by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in pacific white shrimp penaeus vannamei. | an assay using a single-tube, 1-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was established for the simultaneous detection of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and taura syndrome virus (tsv). three primer sets, 9195 f/9992 r, 94 f2/r2, and its f/28s r, were mixed at a ratio of 3:1:1 to amplify specific fragments of the tsv, wssv, and penaeus vannamei genome, respectively, in the rt-pcr reaction. shrimp samples were experimentally infected with wssv and tsv. pcr-amplifi ... | 2002 | 12152907 |
| molecular characterization of the bifunctional vhdl-cp from the hemolymph of white shrimp penaeus vannamei. | a very high-density lipoprotein (vhdl) purified from the hemolymph of the white shrimp penaeus vannamei is shown to be identical to the clotting protein (cp) previously reported from the same organism based on size, subunits and n-terminal amino acid sequence. the approximately 440-kda protein, a homodimer of approximately 200-kda subunits, was present in kbr gradient fractions ranging in density from 1.155 to 1.212 g/ml. samples of vhdl after purification by strong cation exchange chromatograph ... | 2002 | 12091104 |
| development and application of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of white spot syndrome virus of penaeid shrimp. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) of penaeid shrimp. the virus isolate used for immunization was obtained from china in 1994 and was passaged in penaeus vannamei. the 4 hybridomas selected for characterization all produced mabs that reacted with the 28 kd structural protein by western blot analysis. the mabs tested in dot-immunoblot assays were capable of detecting the virus in hemolymph samples collected from moribund shrimp during an experiment ... | 2001 | 11797911 |
| digestive proteinases of red shrimp pleoticus muelleri (decapoda, penaeoidea): partial characterization and relationship with molting. | the present study describes the activity and some characteristics of proteinases in the hepatopancreas of red shrimp pleoticus muelleri during the different stages of the molting cycle. proteolytic activity was highest between ph 7.5 and 8. the hepatopancreatic protein content in the premolt stage was higher than in the other stages of the molting cycle (p<0.05). no significant differences were found in total proteolytic activity in the hepatopancreas when comparing molting stages. the proteolyt ... | 2001 | 11567895 |
| characterization and function of kuruma shrimp lysozyme possessing lytic activity against vibrio species. | lysozyme cdna was isolated from a kuruma shrimp, marsupenaeus japonicus, hemocyte cdna library. the cdna consists of 1055 base pairs (bp) and encodes a chicken-type (c-type) lysozyme with a deduced amino acid sequence of 156 residues. the kuruma shrimp lysozyme has a high identity (79.7%) with pacific white shrimp lysozyme, and low to moderate identities (33.3-43.0%) with lysozymes of insects and vertebrates. comparisons with other c-type lysozymes from invertebrates and vertebrates showed that ... | 2003 | 14563565 |
| putrescine, cadaverine, and indole production by bacteria isolated from wild and aquacultured penaeid shrimp stored at 0, 12, 24, and 36 degrees c. | putrescine, cadaverine, and indole production capabilities of bacteria isolated from wild domestic and aquacultured ni-caraguan penaeid shrimp in progressive decomposition states were evaluated. the numbers and types of microorganisms responsible for the production of putrescine, cadaverine, and indole in wild and aquacultured shrimp increased with increasing decomposition temperature and time. throughout the storage experiments, mean aerobic plate counts (log/g) ranged from 4.5 to 9.7 and 4.5 t ... | 2004 | 14717362 |
| [composition by size, age and growth of litopenaeus vannamei (natantia: penaeidae), in mar neutro lagoon, oaxaca-chiapas, mexico]. | the commercial catches of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei were sampled (may through november 1996) in the mar muerto lagoon located between oaxaca and chiapas states, mexico. to measure it's growth rate at the innermost portions of this system, 16,378 length and weight records were obtained. length fluctuated between 11 and 145 mm, and weights between 0.1 and 26.3 g. the minimum mean size for recruitment to the exploited phase is 45 mm. organisms leave the lagunar system for recruitment to the ... | 2000 | 11487933 |
| transmission of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) to litopenaeus vannamei from infected cephalothorax, abdomen, or whole shrimp cadaver. | shrimp viruses can remain infectious in frozen shrimp tissue and have been found in frozen commodity shrimp. therefore, the threat of viral outbreaks in wild and cultured shrimp via frozen commodity shrimp exists. because frozen shrimp are imported with and without the cephalothorax, more knowledge is needed concerning the infectivity of a cephalothorax relative to that of an abdomen. we compared the mortality rates from shrimp exposed to a wssv-infected cephalothorax, abdomen, or whole shrimp c ... | 2001 | 11463105 |
| penaeus monodon (tiger shrimp) hemocyanin: subunit composition and thermostability. | penaeus monodon (class crustacea, order decapoda) is one of the largest shrimps of the penaeidea family from the indo-west pacific region. the dioxygen-transporting protein hemocyanin, isolated from the hemolymph of this invertebrate, is composed of three 75-76 kda structural/functional subunits designated as pm1, pm2 and pm3. the n-terminal sequences of the chains were determined and compared with those of other decapodan hemocyanin subunits. pm2 and pm3 are highly homologous and electrophoreti ... | 2001 | 11421459 |
| growth, feeding frequency, protein turnover, and amino acid metabolism in european lobster homarus gammarus l. | the effect of feeding frequency on growth and protein metabolism in the european lobster, homarus gammarus, was investigated. fourth (iv) stage lobsters h. gammarus were fed individually a marine animal meal (herring/mussels meal) for 56 days. feeding a daily ration equivalent to 10% of their body weight gave better growth than feeding daily rations of 5% and 20%. protein synthesis rates were similar for the three food rations but protein growth rates were significantly lower and protein degrada ... | 2001 | 11351329 |
| effect of ammonia on the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus. | growth of vibrio alginolyticus was not affected by tsb medium containing ammonia-n concentration in the range of 0-20 mg l(-1). white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (7-12 g in the intermolt stage) were challenged with v. alginolyticus, which had been incubated for 24 h in the tsb medium containing different concentrations of ammonia-n (0, 1, 5. 10 and 20 mg l(-1)). there was no significant difference in cumulative mortality for shrimp incubated in the tsb medium containing 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg l(- ... | 2004 | 15123301 |
| the immune response of the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to vibrio infection in relation with the moult cycle. | the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (8.0-14.4 g) was examined for haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency to the pathogen vibrio alginolyticus in relation with moult cycle (postmoult, a, b; intermoult, c; premoult, d(0)/d(1)d(2)/d(3)). granular cells were the highest at c and d(0)/d(1)stage, and the lowest at a stage. hyaline cells and thc (total haemocyte count) were higher at c stage, but lower at ... | 2004 | 15123319 |
| penaeidins, a family of antimicrobial peptides from penaeid shrimp (crustacea, decapoda). | the production of antimicrobial peptides represents a first-line host defense mechanism of innate immunity that is widespread in nature. only recently such effectors were isolated in crustacean species, whereas numerous antimicrobial peptides have been characterized from other arthropods, both insects and chelicerates. this review presents findings on a family of antimicrobial peptides, named penaeidins, isolated from the shrimp penaeus vannamei. their structure and antimicrobial properties as w ... | 2000 | 11028917 |
| the immune stimulatory effect of sodium alginate on the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus. | the total haemocyte count (thc), differential haemocyte count (dhc), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen vibrio alginolyticus were measured when the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (9.4-11.3 g) were injected individually with sodium alginate at 10, 20 or 50 microg g(-1). no significant differences in thc, dhc and superoxide dismutase activity were observed among the ... | 2004 | 15145416 |
| periodic occurrence of epithelial viral necrosis outbreaks in penaeus vannamei in ecuador. | epizootics of an infectious cuticular epithelial necrosis virus (icenv) occurred in cultured penaeus vannamei in ecuadorian shrimp farms from 1994 to 1996. there were few reports of outbreaks during 1997, but in the second half of 1998 epizootics were again reported. histopathological examination revealed extensive tissue changes and necrosis as described for infections by what others have called taura syndrome virus (tsv). infiltration of haemocytes in the cuticular epithelium was also one of t ... | 2000 | 11023248 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna encoding alpha-glucosidase in the digestive gland of the shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei. | the complete sequence of the 3-kb cdna and the 5' genomic structure are reported for the gene encoding the shrimp alpha-glucosidase. alpha-glucosidase cdna was isolated from a shrimp digestive gland cdna library. the 2830-base pair cdna contains an open reading frame that encodes 919 amino acids. the shrimp alpha-glucosidase cdna shows a high level of identity with that of the human sucrase-isomaltase, human maltase-glucoamylase, and human acid lysosomal alpha-glucosidase, indicating that the pr ... | 2000 | 10961350 |
| the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus under nitrite stress. | the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei were challenged with tryptic soy broth (tsb)-grown vibrio alginolyticus at a dose of 1 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1), and then placed in water containing concentrations of nitrite-n at 0 (control), 1.12, 5.15, 11.06 and 21.40 mg l(-1). mortality of shrimp in 5.15, 11.06 and 21.40 mg l(-1) was significantly higher than those in the control solution after 48-168 h. l. vannamei that had been exposed to control, 0.98, 4.94, 9.87 and 19.99 mg l(-1 ... | 2004 | 15312659 |
| effect of copper sulfate on the immune response and susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus in the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (boone) held in 35 per thousand seawater were challenged with vibrio alginolyticus at a dose of 3 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1), and then placed in water containing concentrations of cu2+ at 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg l(-1). mortality of shrimp in 5, 10 and 20 mg l(-1) cu2+ was significantly higher than those in 1 mg l(-1) cu2+ and the control solution after 24-96 h. in another experiment, l. vannamei which had been exposed to control, 1, 5, ... | 2004 | 15313510 |
| penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides with chitin-binding activity, are produced and stored in shrimp granulocytes and released after microbial challenge. | penaeidins are members of a new family of antimicrobial peptides isolated from a crustacean, which present both gram-positive antibacterial and antifungal activities. we have studied the localization of synthesis and storage of penaeidins in the shrimp penaeus vannamei. the distribution of penaeidin transcripts and peptides in various tissues reveals that penaeidins are constitutively synthesized and stored in the shrimp haemocytes. it was shown by immunocytochemistry, at both optical and ultras ... | 2000 | 10639333 |
| reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) used for the detection of taura syndrome virus (tsv) in experimentally infected shrimp. | taura syndrome virus (tsv) has adversely affected the shrimp culture industries of the americas. first recognized in 1992, this viral agent has spread throughout the shrimp growing regions of south and central america to become established in north america in the short span of 5 yr. diagnostic methods for tsv include histopathology, bioassay using susceptible penaeus vannamei as the indicator species and in situ hybridization with tsv specific complimentary dna (cdna) gene probes. an additional ... | 1998 | 9828404 |
| cathepsin l gene organization in crustaceans. | the gene structure of a cathepsin l of the shrimp penaeus vannamei has been determined by the polymerase chain reaction. it comprises six exons of various lengths spanning a total of 1792bp. this architecture is homologous to that of rat cathepsin l, three conserved sites of intron position have been effectively identified, with the exception of the third intron break-point located immediately after the cysteinyl active site. in contrast, no similarity is observed with drosophila or plasmodium c ... | 1998 | 9751805 |
| a new rna-friendly fixative for the preservation of penaeid shrimp samples for virological detection using cdna genomic probes. | in situ hybridization analysis of shrimp histological sections, utilizing taura syndrome virus (tsv) specific cdna probes, is the most sensitive diagnostic technique presently available for the detection of this penaeid shrimp viral disease. however, false negative genomic probe results are obtained frequently from samples of pacific white shrimp, penaeus vannamei, that have been preserved with davidson's afa (acetic acid, formaldehyde, alcohol) fixative and that, otherwise, demonstrate pathogno ... | 1997 | 9255734 |
| susceptibility to taura syndrome virus of some penaeid shrimp species native to the gulf of mexico and the southeastern united states | experimental studies demonstrated that penaeus setiferus, but not penaeus aztecus or penaeus duorarum, could be killed by taura syndrome virus (tsv). however, specimens of p. setiferus that survived infection and both p. aztecus and p. duorarum at least 79 days postexposure that did not demonstrate gross signs of infection were shown to harbor virus by bioassay using penaeus vannamei, a highly susceptible target host. consequently, all three of those penaeids native to the southeast united state ... | 1997 | 9056467 |
| dietary administration of sodium alginate enhances the immune ability of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus. | haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, glutathione peroxidase (gpx) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen vibrio alginolyticus were measured in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (12.3 +/- 1.2 g) which had been fed diets containing sodium alginate at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g kg(-1) after five months. l. vannamei fed a diet containing 2.0 g kg(-1) sodium alginate had increased ... | 2005 | 15450964 |
| characterisation of a serine proteinase from penaeus vannamei haemocytes. | serine proteinases are involved, besides digestive role, in immune response processes. in addition to the typical serine proteinase domain, proteinases from arthropod haemocytes contain so-called clip domains which are believed to exert regulatory functions. clones coding for clip domain-containing serine proteinases were isolated from both penaeus vannamei and penaeus monodon haemocyte cdna libraries. these proteins have most of the structural characteristics of serine proteinase domain, but in ... | 2005 | 15475307 |
| cloning and expression of cathepsin l-like proteinases in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp penaeus vannamei during the intermolt cycle. | cysteine protease activities have been characterized with benzyloxycarbonyl-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester as a synthetic substrate and e64 as a specific inhibitor in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp penaeus vannamei. an optimum ph of 5.1 has been measured. to characterize these cysteine proteases, a hepatopancreas cdna library was screened by hybridization to a norway lobster cysteine protease cdna fragment. two cdnas encoding p. vannamei cysteine protease precursors have been cloned and sequenced. ... | 1996 | 8870262 |
| development of monoclonal antibodies for detection of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in penaeid shrimp. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (nhp-b) of penaeid shrimp. the mabs tested in dot-immunoblot (d-ib) assays were capable of detecting the nhp-b in hepatopancreas samples collected from moribund juvenile litopenaeus vannamei during an experimentally induced nhp-b infection. the mabs were also screened by immunohistochemistry (ihc) using case submissions that were determined to be infected not only by histology, but also polymerase chain re ... | 2004 | 15521322 |
| phylogenetic relationships of 12 penaeoidea shrimp species deduced from mitochondrial dna sequences. | dna sequences of an 847 bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and a 514 bp fragment of 16s rrna gene were determined to examine the phylogenetic relationships of 12 penaeoidea shrimp species (penaeus chinensis, penaeus japonicus, penaeus penicillatus, penaeus vannamei, penaeus canaliculatus, trachypenaeus curvirostris, metapenaeus affinis, metapenaeus ensis, metapenaeopsis barbata, parapenaeus fissuroides, parapenaeopsis hardiwickii, solenocera crassicomis). both f ... | 2004 | 15524311 |
| the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus at different salinity levels. | white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei held in 25 per thousand seawater were injected with tsb-grown vibrio alginolyticus (1 x 10(4) cfu shrimp(-1)), and then transferred to 5, 15, 25 (control) and 35 per thousand. over 24-96 h, the mortality of v. alginolyticus-injected shrimp held in 5 per thousand and 15 per thousand was significantly higher than that of shrimp held in 25 per thousand and 35 per thousand, and the mortality of v. alginolyticus-injected shrimp held in 5 per thousand was the highest. ... | 2005 | 15561558 |
| complete primary structure of the molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) of the mexican crayfish procambarus bouvieri (ortmann). | the amino acid sequence of mih was elucidated by means of digestions with specific proteases, manual edman degradation, and mass spectrometry. mih consists of a 72-residue peptide chain (molecular mass 8322 da) with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that connect residues 7-43, 23-39, and 26-52. it has blocked n- and c-termini and lacks tryptophan, histidine, and methionine. mih shows striking similarity to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) isomorphs of procambarus bouvieri ( ... | 1996 | 8735961 |
| cloning and sequencing analysis of three amylase cdnas in the shrimp penaeus vannamei (crustacea decapoda): evolutionary aspects. | in penaeus vannamei, alpha-amylase is the most important glucosidase and is present as at least two major isoenzymes which have been purified. in order to obtain information on their structure, a hepatopancreas cdna library constructed in phage lambda-zap ii (strategene) was screened using a synthetic oligonucleotide based on the amino acid sequence of a v8 staphylococcal protease peptide of p. vannamei alpha-amylase. three clones were selected: amy sk 37 (embl sequence accession number: x 77318 ... | 1996 | 8661999 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna that encodes a serine protease with chymotryptic and collagenolytic activities in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp penaeus vanameii (crustacea, decapoda). | two clones were isolated by screening a shrimp hepatopancreas cdna library with a dna fragment obtained by pcr amplification using two oligonucleotides based on the partial protein sequence of penaeus vanameii chymotrypsin purified earlier. one of these clones, pvc 7 contains a complete cdna coding for a serine protease. the deduced amino acid sequence shows the existence of a 270 residue-long preproenzyme containing a highly hydrophobic signal peptide of 14 amino acids. this suggests the existe ... | 1992 | 1516690 |
| antimicrobial activity of histones from hemocytes of the pacific white shrimp. | the role of vertebrate histone proteins or histone derived peptides as innate immune effectors has only recently been appreciated. in this study, high levels of core histone proteins h2a, h2b, h3 and h4 were found in hemocytes from the pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei. the proteins were identified by in-gel digestion, mass spectrometry analysis, and homology searching. the l. vannamei histone proteins were found to be highly homologous to histones of other species. based on this homolo ... | 2004 | 15606770 |
| experimental infection of pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei with necrotizing heptopancreatitis (nhp) bacterium by per os exposure. | necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (nhpb), which causes necrotizing hepatopancreatitis, was successfully transmitted in individually isolated kona stock litopenaeus vannamei through per os exposure. animals (140) were individually exposed orally to a 0.05 g piece of an nhpb-infected hepatopancreas and 120 control animals were each exposed to a 0.05 g piece of nhpb-negative hepatopancreas. shrimp were maintained in sterilite containers with approximately 41 of artificial seawater at 30 per ... | 2004 | 15609877 |
| nonsusceptibility of primate cells to taura syndrome virus. | taura syndrome virus (tsv), a pathogen of penaeid shrimp and member of the family dicistroviridae, was recently reported to have the ability to infect primate cells. we independently retested this hypothesis. three lines of primate cells frhk-4, ma-104, and bgmk, which are highly susceptible to infection by human picornaviruses, were challenged with tsv. viral replication was assayed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using cell media samples collected on days 0, 4, and ... | 2004 | 15663846 |
| pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls in an estuary of the gulf of california. their toxicity and bioaccumulation in shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | | 2003 | 12907189 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of prophenoloxidase from haemocytes of the white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei. | cdna encoding prophenoloxidase (propo) of the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei was obtained from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna using oligonucleotide primers based on the propo sequence of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus, green tiger shrimp penaeus semisulcatus (accession no.: af521949) and kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus (accession no.: ab0733223). propo of l. vannamei was ... | 2005 | 15683918 |
| the peroxinectin of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei is synthesised in the semi-granular and granular cells, and its transcription is up-regulated with vibrio alginolyticus infection. | peroxinectin mrna expression in the different types of haemocytes of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei was studied by in situ hybridisation using digoxigenin-utp-labelled riboprobes and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). granular cells (gc) and a mixture of semi-granular cells (sgc) and hyaline cells (hc) were separated by 70% percoll gradient centrifugation. peroxinectin was synthesised in both gc and the mixture of sgc-hc. an in situ hybridisation assay indicated that pe ... | 2005 | 15683919 |
| a four-kazal domain protein in litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes. | a cdna clone coding for a kazal protein was isolated from a cdna library of litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes. the full-length cdna sequence is 1.32 kb long and encodes a 24 kda protein. four kazal domains, 43-46 residues long, were detected in the deduced primary structure. apparently, the first and second domains do not have inhibitory activity, as predicted by the sequence between the second and third cys. the third and fourth domains have the sequences cpeiyapvc and cpknyrpvc, indicating that t ... | 2004 | 15707660 |
| the immunostimulatory effect of hot-water extract of gracilaria tenuistipitata on the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus. | the total haemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen vibrio alginolyticus were examined in the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (10.3+/-1.5 g) injected individually with hot-water extract of gracilaria tenuistipitata at 4 or 6 microg g-1. l. vannamei receiving hot-water extract of g. tenuistipitata at either dose increased significantly its thc, phenoloxidase activity, and re ... | 2005 | 15752651 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of cdna of penaeidin-like antimicrobial peptide from tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). | we report the molecular cloning and characterization of a penaeidin-like antimicrobial peptide (amp) complementary dna from the hemocytes of tiger shrimp (penaeus monodoni). a tiger shrimp amp cdna containing the entire coding region of the peptide, determined by rapid amplification of cdna 5' and 3' ends and polymerase chain reaction of the messenger rna isolated from hemocytes of the shrimp, is 683 bp in length with an open reading frame of 222 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence of this antim ... | 2005 | 15776314 |
| fecal samples as dna source for the diagnosis of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) in penaeus vannamei broodstock. | necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (nhp) is a severe disease of cultivated penaeid shrimp caused by a pleomorphic, gram-negative, intracellular rickettsia-like bacterium. current diagnostic methods for this disease are invasive, requiring dissection of the animal to perform histopathological analysis. in colombia, nhp affects mainly broodstock, being a major cause of mortalities in maturation laboratories. in order to identify the presence of nhp without having to dissect the animal, we developed a ... | 2003 | 12887257 |
| solution structure of the recombinant penaeidin-3, a shrimp antimicrobial peptide. | penaeidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides of 47-63 residues isolated from several species of shrimp. these peptides display a proline-rich domain (n-terminal part) and a cysteine-rich domain (c-terminal part) stabilized by three conserved disulfide bonds whose arrangement has not yet been characterized. the recombinant penaeidin-3a of litopenaeus vannamei (63 residues) and its [t8a]-pen-3a analogue were produced in saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed similar antimicrobial activity. the s ... | 2003 | 12842879 |
| the protective effect of chitin and chitosan against vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, which had been injected with chitin at 4, 6 and 8 microg g(-1) or chitosan at 2, 4 and 6 microg g(-1), were challenged with pathogen vibrio alginolyticus at 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1) and then placed in seawater of 34 per thousand. the survival of shrimp that received chitin or chitosan at either dose was significantly higher than that of control shrimp after 1 day, and at the termination of the experiment (6 days after the challenge). in ... | 2005 | 15820121 |
| localization and bacteriostasis of vibrio introduced into the pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei. | although numerous mechanisms of immune defense have been described in crustaceans, the tissue distribution and fate of live bacteria introduced into the host remain unclear. in the present study, litopenaeus vannamei were injected with a sub-lethal dose of kanamycin-resistant vibrio campbellii expressing green fluorescent protein. accumulation of intact bacteria was quantified by real-time pcr, while bacteriostasis was quantified as the percentage of intact bacteria that could not be recovered b ... | 2005 | 15854680 |
| effects of dopamine on the immunity of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | the total haemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency in response to pathogen vibrio alginolyticus were measured when the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (20.0+/-1.5 g) were injected individually with dopamine at 10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6)mol shrimp(-1), respectively. for the shrimp that received dopamine at 10(-7) and 10(-6)mol shrimp(-1), the thc decreased by 25% and 39%, phenoloxidase acti ... | 2005 | 15863017 |
| evaluation of the susceptibility of the cultured shrimp litopenaeus vannamei to vibriosis when orally exposed to the insecticide methyl parathion. | the causes of disease in cultured shrimp are difficult to ascertain but there is evidence that disease is correlated with environmental factors. crustaceans are particularly sensitive to insecticides due to their close phylogenetic relationship with insects. the objective of this study was to investigate whether there was an increased susceptibility of the shrimp litopenaeus vannamei to vibrio parahaemolyticus, when exposed to methyl parathion. the outline of the study was the following: an lc50 ... | 2005 | 15910911 |
| a model of taura syndrome virus (tsv) epidemics in litopenaeus vannamei. | taura syndrome virus (tsv) is a highly virulent pathogen of litopenaeus vannamei, has affected shrimp aquaculture throughout the world, and threatens wild populations. despite its importance, little work has been done on the pathogen's formal epidemiology. therefore we developed a compartment model for epidemics of tsv in closed populations of l. vannamei. the model includes five compartments, uninfected susceptible, prepatently infected, acutely infected, chronically infected, and dead infected ... | 2003 | 12788286 |
| purification and characterization of a lectin from the white shrimp litopenaeus setiferus (crustacea decapoda) hemolymph. | a 291-kda lectin (lsl) was purified from the hemolymph of the white shrimp litopenaeus setiferus by affinity chromatography on glutaraldehyde-fixed stroma from rabbit erythrocytes. lsl is a heterotetramer of two 80-kda and two 52-kda subunits, with no covalently-liked carbohydrate, and mainly composed by aspartic and glutamic acids, glycine and alanine, with relatively lower methionine and cysteine contents. edman degradation indicated that the nh2-terminal of the 80-kda subunit is composed dasn ... | 2005 | 15919156 |
| does hyperthermia increase apoptosis in white spot syndrome virus (wssv)-infected litopenaeus vannamei? | apoptosis plays a critical role in development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. it has also been described as an anti-viral mechanism in both insects and vertebrates. in fact, to escape the immune system and to increase their spread, some viruses such as baculovirus produce anti-apoptotic molecules. conversely, a recent report showing a positive correlation between the number of apoptotic cells and the severity of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection in penaeus monodon suggested ... | 2003 | 12718474 |
| effects of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia on the localization and the elimination of vibrio campbellii in litopenaeus vannamei, the pacific white shrimp. | low oxygen (hypoxia) and elevated co2 (hypercapnia, are characteristic of estuarine environments. although hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia decrease the resistance of shrimp to bacterial pathogens, their direct effects on the immune system are unknown. here we present evidence demonstrating in the penaeid shrimp litopenaeus vannamei that both hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia affect the localization of bacteria, their conversion from culturable to non-culturable status (bacteriostasis), and their e ... | 2005 | 15965121 |
| proteomics application exercise of the swiss proteomics society: report of the sps'02 session. | after the success of the mass spectrometry (ms) round table that was held at the first swiss proteomics society congress (sps'01) in geneva, the sps has organized a proteomics application exercise and allocated a full session at the sps'02 congress. the main objective was to encourage the exchange of expertise in protein identification, with a focus on the use of mass spectrometry, and to create a bridge between the users' questions and the instrument providers' solutions. two samples were sent ... | 2003 | 12923782 |
| cdna cloning of the lysozyme of the white shrimp penaeus vannamei. | lysozyme, an antibacterial protein, has been implicated in innate immunity in invertebrates, but its activity in shrimp remained to be determined. we cloned the white shrimp lysozyme cdna using a pcr strategy and detected its activity in haemocytes using a lytic-zone assay against micrococcus luteus. the cloning was based on a reported est (dbest be18831). the deduced amino acid sequence resulted in 150 amino with 46% identity to hen egg white lysozyme. rt-pcr was used to detect lysozyme mrna in ... | 2003 | 12969653 |
| species identification of five penaeid shrimps using pcr-rflp and sscp analyses of 16s ribosomal dna. | dna-based molecular markers for differentiation of five penaeid shrimps (penaeus monodon, p. semisulcatus, feneropenaeus merguiensis, litopenaeus vannamei and marsupenaeus japonicus) were developed based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and single-stranded conformation polymorphism (sscp) of 16s ribosomal (r) dna. differentiation of p. monodon, p. semisulcatus and l. vannamei can be unambiguously carried out by pcrrflp of 16s rdna(560) whereas p. s ... | 2005 | 16053718 |
| white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme has antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae. | c-type lysozyme has been described as an antibacterial component of the shrimp innate defence system. we determined quantitatively the antibacterial activity of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme against three gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae, using a turbidimetric assay with live bacteria and differential bacterial viable count after interaction with the protein. in conclusion, the antibacterial activity of recombinan ... | 2006 | 16098764 |
| cloning of a crustin-like, single whey-acidic-domain, antibacterial peptide from the haemocytes of the european lobster, homarus gammarus, and its response to infection with bacteria. | degenerate pcr was used to isolate a 221-base pair nucleotide sequence of a new crustin-like antibacterial peptide from the haemocytes of the european lobster, homarus gammarus. rapid amplification of cdna ends was used to extend the sequence to determine the complete open reading frame and un-translated regions. the inferred amino acid sequence of this peptide was found to be similar to crustin-like peptides isolated for several species of shrimp as well as the shore crab, carcinus maenas. the ... | 2006 | 16144710 |
| purification and partial characterization of the plasma clotting protein from the pink shrimp farfantepenaeus paulensis. | a clotting protein (cp) was purified from the plasma of the pink shrimp farfantepenaeus paulensis by sequential anion-exchange chromatography. the shrimp cp was able to form stable clots in vitro in the presence of hemocyte lysate and ca2+, suggesting that the clotting reaction is catalyzed by a ca2+-dependent transglutaminase present in shrimp hemocytes. dansylcadaverine was incorporated into the shrimp cp in the presence of endogenous transglutaminase (hemocyte lysate), confirming that the shr ... | 2005 | 16153866 |
| white spot syndrome virus infection in cultured penaeus vannamei (boone) in ecuador with emphasis on histopathology and ultrastructure. | mortalities of cultured shrimp, penaeus vannamei (boone), induced by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) have occurred in ecuador since may 1999. three epidemiological surveys in ecuadorian farms were carried out and showed an apparent association between lower temperature and increased mortality rates in commercial ponds. infected animals showed a reddish discolouration and lethargy and occasionally, white spots in the exoskeleton. histopathological studies revealed that infected cells presented n ... | 2003 | 14513968 |
| upregulation of actin-like gene expression in giant freshwater prawns macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with metschnikowia bicuspidata. | the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii is commercially cultured throughout the world including taiwan. from 1992 to 1995, taiwanese production decreased by approximately 50% due to disease. the yeast metschnikowia bicuspidata is considered to be one of the major causes of white muscle disease, but the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis is not known. using rna differential display (dd) with muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue, we identified a 324 nucleotide (nt) message specific ... | 2005 | 16231645 |
| a single wap domain-containing protein from litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes. | a cdna clone coding for a single wap domain (swd) protein was isolated from a hemocyte cdna library of litopenaeus vannamei. the full-length cdna sequence is 0.4kb long and encodes a 93-amino acid protein. using this sequence as a probe a similar clone coding for a 92-amino acids protein was found in a cdna library from penaeus monodon hemocytes. the mrna size was confirmed by northern blot as well as that gene is expressed in hemocytes, but not in hepatopancreas. mrna levels of the shrimp swd p ... | 2004 | 14741689 |
| effect of methyl parathion on the susceptibility of shrimp litopenaeus vannamei to experimental vibriosis. | following increasing calls for environmental safety over the past 2 decades, persistent pesticides are being replaced by more rapidly degradable products. however, even these pesticides can affect non-target species, and may be associated with slow growth and increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. in this study, juvenile white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (also named penaeus vannamei) were challenged by intramuscular injection with vibrio parahaemolyticus after 4 d prior expo ... | 2003 | 14960041 |
| superoxide radical production in response to environmental hypoxia in cultured shrimp. | markers of oxidative stress in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation were assessed in pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei). adult shrimp were either exposed to hypoxia (1 mg o(2)/l) for 6, 12, or 24 h followed by 1-h reoxygenation, or exposed to hypoxia for 24 h followed by 1- to 6-h reoxygenation. in all cases, shrimp maintained at constant normoxia were used as controls. spectrophotometric techniques were applied to analyze lactate concentration, superoxide radical (o(2)(*-)) production ... | 2006 | 16337835 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of prophenoloxidase cdna from haemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its transcription in relation with the moult stage. | expression of prophenoloxidase (propo) cdna was determined from haemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna using oligonucleotide primers based on the propo sequence of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus, green tiger shrimp penaeus semisulcatus, kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus, and white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. the propo of m. rose ... | 2006 | 16376571 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of peroxinectin, a cell adhesion molecule, from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | expression of peroxinectin cdna was determined from haemocytes of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii using oligonucleotide primers and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based on the peroxinectin sequence of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei, tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, and freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus. the peroxinectin of m. rosenbergii was constitutively expressed. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone has an open ... | 2006 | 16377210 |
| noradrenaline modulates the immunity of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | the total haemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency in response to pathogen vibrio alginolyticus were measured when the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (18.4 +/- 1.2 g) were injected individually with noradrenaline at 10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol shrimp(-1). for the shrimp that received noradrenaline at 10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol shrimp(-1), the thc decreased by 15%, 21% and 32%, pheno ... | 2006 | 16377211 |
| comparison of the effects of pyrokinins and related peptides identified from arthropods on pupariation behaviour in flesh fly (sarcophaga bullata) larvae (diptera: sarcophagidae). | peptides from the pyrokinin/pban family and some structurally related compounds identified in various arthropods were tested for acceleration of puparial contraction in flesh fly larvae. modifications of behavioural patterns of pupariation were further studied for the active compounds using a behavioural analysis based on the recording of changes in tension of the cuticle. nine peptides belonging to the pyrokinin/pban family (lem-pk, pea-pk-5, lom-pk ii, hez-pban, bom-dh-i), identified in five d ... | 2004 | 15019526 |
| comparison of a novel in situ polymerase chain reaction (ispcr) method to other methods for white spot syndrome virus (wssv) detection in penaeus vannamei. | penaeus vannamei were experimentally injected with white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and tested for wssv at different times post-injection (p.i.) by 1-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 2-step pcr, in situ hybridization (ish) and in situ polymerase chain reaction (ispcr) in order to compare sensitivity of the methods. with 1-step pcr, 4 of 15 shrimp tested positive for wssv at 12 h p.i., and all tested positive by 24 h p.i. with 2-step pcr, 13 out of 15 samples tested positive at 2 h p.i. and ... | 2005 | 16385824 |
| pathogenicity of vibrio penaeicida for white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei: a cysteine protease-like exotoxin as a virulence factor. | the pathogenicity of vibrio penaeicida strains kh-1 and am101, their culture-free supernatant (cfs), and their protein fraction obtained by 40% of ammonium sulfate precipitation (pfs40) were assessed in experimental challenges against juvenile litopenaeus vannamei. live vibrio cells, cfs, and pfs40 from the am101 strain produced a significantly higher mortality (p < 0.05) compared to the kh-1 strain. toxicity and median lethal doses (ld50) of fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) products we ... | 2005 | 16408835 |
| a new class (penaeidin class 4) of antimicrobial peptides from the atlantic white shrimp (litopenaeus setiferus) exhibits target specificity and an independent proline-rich-domain function. | a highly pure, chemically defined representative of a new class of antimicrobial peptide from the atlantic white shrimp (litopenaeus setiferus), penaeidin class 4 [pen4-1 (penaeidin class 4 isoform 1)], was produced synthetically. chemical synthesis was achieved by native ligation from two separate domains yielding a bioactive peptide that reflected the characteristics of native penaeidin. synthetic pen4-1 proved to be an effective antimicrobial peptide, particularly against the broad-spectrum p ... | 2004 | 15084144 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of a cell adhesion molecule, peroxinectin from the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | expression of peroxinectin cdna was obtained from haemocytes of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei using oligonucleotide primers based on the peroxinectin sequence of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon and freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus. the peroxinectin of l. vannamei was constitutively expressed. the cloning of peroxinectin cdna fragment was subjected to rt-pcr using degenerated primers. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cdna end race method. analysis of nu ... | 2004 | 15145414 |
| [food habits of lutjanus peru (pisces:lutjanidae) in the coasts of guerrero, mexico]. | in this paper we describe the feeding habits of the red snapper (lutjanus peru) in the southern coast of guerrero state, mexico. this data could be relevant to local fisheries management. in total 385 full stomachs (206 from females and 179 from males) were collected monthly in 1993 and 1994, from commercial catches. stomach contents were identified to species level when possible. food items were grouped into taxonomically coherent groups, and their numbers, weight and frequency of occurrence ob ... | 2003 | 15162743 |
| haemolymph parasite of the shore crab carcinus maenas: pathology, ultrastructure and observations on crustacean haplosporidians. | a protozoan parasite with some features of haplosporidians is described from the european shore crab carcinus maenas. the parasite establishes a systemic infection through the haemal sinuses and connective tissues. intracellular stages of the parasite were found within reserve inclusion, connective tissue, and muscle cells, while free forms were present in all haemal spaces. a uninucleate stage appeared to develop to a multinucleate plasmodial stage following multiple mitotic divisions of the nu ... | 2004 | 15212293 |
| catalase from the white shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei: molecular cloning and protein detection. | catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a very important role in the protection against oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide. it is a very highly conserved enzyme that has been identified from numerous species including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, but the information about catalase in crustaceans is very limited. a cdna containing the complete coding sequence for catalase from the shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei was sequenced and the mrna was detected by rt-pcr ... | 2004 | 15325332 |
| molecular cloning and tissue distribution of ferritin in pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei). | ferritin, a cytosolic iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of heavy chain and light chain, is an intracellular protein primarily involved in iron metabolism. it can sequester up to 4500 ferric ions in its inner core to protect cells against toxicity of iron. ferritin is known to play important roles in detoxification and is also involved in immunity processes. in this study, a full-length ferritin cdna was cloned from the haemocyte of the pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei: it co ... | 2006 | 16546402 |
| affinity proteomic approach for identification of an iga-like protein in litopenaeus vannamei and study on its agglutination characterization. | an unknown protein reacted with anti-human iga, namely, iga-like protein, has been reported in shrimp, but information regarding its identification is not available. in the present study, an affinity proteomic strategy was applied to identify the iga-like protein of shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. the protein of 75 kda was isolated and confirmed by affinity chromatography and western blotting with goat anti-human iga, respectively, and then identified as hemocyanin, a member of igsf, by mass spectr ... | 2006 | 16602688 |
| structural and functional differences of litopenaeus vannamei crustins. | penaeid crustins were described in litopenaeus vannamei and l. setiferus as proteins belonging to an antibacterial peptide family with similar sequences but different sizes. six crustin-coding clones were isolated from a cdna library from l. vannamei hemocytes, sequenced and compared. two different isoforms (named i and p) were found, based on two nucleotide differences that produce one change in amino acid sequence (ile/pro). other single differences in nucleotide sequences were also noted, but ... | 2004 | 15325343 |
| the use of differential display to isolate viral genomic sequence for rapid development of pcr-based detection methods. a test case using taura syndrome virus. | the purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of using differential display (dd) to isolate viral genomic sequence using tissues from infected organisms so that a pcr procedure to detect the pathogen may be developed rapidly. the model virus used was the taura syndrome virus (tsv), a ssrna virus that cause high rates of mortality at shrimp farms. two random primers in combination with four anchored primers were used to isolate five cdnas, ranging in size from 241 to 822 bp, that were dif ... | 2004 | 15350740 |
| a single-step multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of white spot syndrome virus and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus in penaeid shrimp. | white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihhnv) are the major viral pathogens of penaeid shrimp worldwide (lightner & redman 1998). litopenaeus vannamei was introduced into china from the americas, and quickly became widely cultured. following its introduction, both ihhnv and wssv have become important pathogens of cultured penaeid shrimp and have had a huge impact on the culture industry in china in recent years. | 2006 | 16677320 |
| [adaptability of litopenaeus vannamei to saline-alkali water in west jilin province]. | by supplementing natural saline-alkali water into desalinated prawn-cultivating pond, this paper studied the survival ability of litopenaeus vannamei under saline-alkali water environment. the results showed that the survival duration of untamed juvenile shrimp was more than 96 hours at the alkalinity of saline-alkali water from 5.15 to 19.24 mmol x l(-1), and less than 0.75 hours at the alkalinity from 23.41 to 38.78 mmol x l(-1). the survival duration of tamed juvenile shrimp was more than 24 ... | 2006 | 16706061 |
| induction of antiviral immunity by double-stranded rna in a marine invertebrate. | vertebrates mount a strong innate immune response against viruses, largely by activating the interferon system. double-stranded rna (dsrna), a common intermediate formed during the life cycle of many viruses, is a potent trigger of this response. in contrast, no general inducible antiviral defense mechanism has been reported in any invertebrate. here we show that dsrna induces antiviral protection in the marine crustacean litopenaeus vannamei. when treated with dsrna, shrimp showed increased res ... | 2004 | 15367610 |
| genetic and phenotypic variations of isolates of shrimp taura syndrome virus found in penaeus monodon and metapenaeus ensis in taiwan. | distinct taura syndrome virus (tsv) isolates were found in metapenaeus ensis (isolate tw2kmetsv), penaeus monodon (isolate tw2kpmtsv) and litopenaeus vannamei (isolate tw02lvtsv). nucleotide sequence analysis of these three isolates revealed differences in the tsv structural protein (capsid protein precursor) gene orf2. tsv orf2 amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis suggested a comparatively close relationship between these three taiwanese isolates and the hawaiian isolate hi9 ... | 2004 | 15448359 |
| effects of cadmium and zinc on oxygen consumption, ammonium excretion, and osmoregulation of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei). | white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, a globally important cultured prawn species, is an ideal animal for studying the impairment caused by the effects of heavy metals that are often detected in coastal areas. the main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of cd and zn to l. vannamei, and to investigate their effects on gill functions, which have not been carried out in this species before, hoping to obtain some important significance. first of all, we examined the acute to ... | 2004 | 15519404 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of a pattern recognition molecule, lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) from the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. | a lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) cdna was cloned from the haemocyte and hepatopancreas of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei using oligonucleotide primers and rt-pcr. both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by rapid amplification of cdna end race method. analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone has an open reading frame of 1101 bp encoding a protein of 367 amino acids including a 17 amino acid signal peptide. the calculated molecular mass of the m ... | 2005 | 15561560 |
| lysozyme gene expression by hemocytes of pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, after injection with vibrio. | the purpose of this study was to quantify the gene expression of lysozyme, an important antibacterial protein produced by shrimp hemocytes, within tissues of litopenaeus vannamei boone in response to a pathogen challenge. we quantified lysozyme transcripts with a real-time pcr method and used these data, along with total hemocyte counts, to infer patterns of hemocyte trafficking during the immune response. transcript expression was detected by in situ hybridization of mrna in circulating hemocyt ... | 2007 | 16916613 |