| interference with fasciola hepatica snail finding by various aquatic organisms. | previous studies using radioactive miracidia have shown that a number of non-host snails and bivalves, interposed as 'decoys' in linear test channels, may interfere with the capacity of fasciola hepatica miracidia to infect lymnaea truncatula. applying similar experimental principles, the role of several other potential interferents have been analysed in the present study. daphnia pulex (cladocera) and larvae of corethra sp. (diptera) exercised significant interfering effects by protecting 'targ ... | 1977 | 876683 |
| occurrence in monia rectirostris (cladocera: daphnidae) of a parasite morphologically similar to pasteuria ramosa (metchnikoff, 1888). | pasteuria ramosa, a bacterial parasite of the cladocerans daphnia pulex and d. magna, was described by metchnikoff in 1888. because the organism could not be cultured, it was subsequently lost. however, the original illustrations and descriptions of the life cycle of p. ramosa are similar to a bacterial spore parasite of nematodes (bspn) that was recently described in meloidogyne. as a result of these similarities, a search for p. ramosa was initiated. an organism resembling p. ramosa was found ... | 1977 | 922608 |
| toxicity of microencapsulated permethrin to selected nontarget aquatic invertebrates. | microencapsulated permethrin (penncapthrin) was evaluated under laboratory conditions for its toxicity toward several nontarget aquatic invertebrates. average lc50 estimates for selected lotic invertebrates, based on a one hour dosing regime, were: 2.71 mg/l for simulium vittatum, 4.59 mg/l for hydropsyche spp., and 13.41 mg/l for isonychia bicolor. in acute static tests with daphnia magna, there was no significant difference (p less than or equal to 0.05) between the toxicity of penncapthrin at ... | 1991 | 2014998 |
| effects of four agricultural pesticides on daphnia pulex, lemna minor, and potamogeton pectinatus. | | 1985 | 4074929 |
| effects of red-headed in sawfly, neodiprion lecontei, nuclear polyhedrosis virus on rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, and daphnia pulex. | the effects of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) of the red-headed pine sawfly, neodiprion lecontei, on rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, were investigated. the fish were exposed to this virus by intubation and topical application and no ill-effects were observed. similarly, no ill-effects were detected in daphnia pulex when the same npv was added to their culture medium. the materials were lyophilized, npv-infected sawfly larvae (normally used for insect control), lyophilized, uninfected larvae ... | 1981 | 7026655 |
| mitochondrial dna diversity in an apomictic daphnia complex from the canadian high arctic. | cyclic parthenogenesis is the ancestral mode of reproduction in the cladoceran crustacean, daphnia pulex, but some populations have made the transition to obligate parthenogenesis and this is the only mode of reproduction known to occur in arctic populations. melanism and polyploidy are also common in arctic populations of this species. prior allozyme studies of arctic d. pulex revealed substantial levels of clonal diversity on a regional scale. clonal groupings based on cluster analysis of allo ... | 1995 | 7735523 |
| efficacy of clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia on target and nontarget organisms. | clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, the following aquatic nontarget invertebrates were treated with high c.b.m. concentrations (up to 1,600-fold the toxic concentration for anopheles stephensi) to study their susceptibility towards the bacterial toxin: planorbis planorbis (pulmonata); asellus aquaticus (isopoda); daphnia pulex (cladocera); cloeon dipterum (ephemeroptera); plea leachi (heteroptera); and eristalis sp., chaoborus cry ... | 1994 | 7912261 |
| sequence of the intergenic spacer between the 28s and 18s rrna-encoding genes of the crustacean, daphnia pulex. | the intergenic spacer (igs) of the ribosomal dna of the crustacean, daphnia pulex, is 4819 bp in length, and contains two non-repetitive regions separated by two repetitive regions. the larger repetitive region contains three complete and one truncated copy of a 330-bp sub-repeat. each sub-repeat contains the sequence, 5'-tatatagggaag, which is very similar to the promoter sequences found in repeated elements in the igs of other organisms. the 3' non-repetitive region, which separates the repeat ... | 1993 | 7916723 |
| an aquatic toxicological evaluation of fenthion in the context of finch control in south africa. | queletox, containing fenthion as active ingredient, is the avicide formulation used in south africa to control red-billed finches (quelea quelea). control measures involve night spraying of roosting areas with a light aircraft. since roosting areas often include reedbeds along riversides and on islands, proper control is difficult without exposing the aquatic environment to some risk of contamination. this study tested the acute effects of fenthion, in association with the queletox formulation, ... | 1995 | 8521783 |
| partial sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex. | a 4062-nucleotide (nt) fragment of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex was sequenced and found to contain the complete genes for eight trnas and five proteins (atp6, atp8, coii, coiii, nd3) and the partial sequence of coi. in combination with data described previously, approximately 50% of the d. pulex mitochondrial genome has been sequenced. the gene order in this half of the genome is identical to that of drosophila yakuba which differs from that of the other completely se ... | 1997 | 9000380 |
| acute toxicity of sodium selenate to two daphnids and three amphipods. | this study evaluated the acute toxicity of sodium selenate to two daphnid and three gammarid amphipod species. the daphnids, ceriodaphnia dubia and daphnia pulex, were evaluated in 48-hour static tests and the amphipods, gammarus pseudolimnaeus, gammarus lacustris, and hyalella azteca, were evaluated in 96-hour static and flow-through tests. tests resulted in mean lc50's of 1.92, 9.12, 1.82, 3.05, and 1.95 mg/l selenium for c. dubia, d. pulex, g. pseudolimnaeus, g. lacustris, and h. azteca, resp ... | 2001 | 11339714 |
| the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin of vibrio cholerae promotes adherence to zooplankton. | the bacterium vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is often found attached to plankton, a property that is thought to contribute to its environmental persistence in aquatic habitats. the v. cholerae o1 el tor biotype and v. cholerae o139 strains produce a surface pilus termed the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha), whereas v. cholerae o1 classical biotype strains do not. although v. cholerae o1 classical does not elaborate msha, the gene is present and expressed at a level comp ... | 2001 | 11425745 |
| toxicity evaluation of natural and synthetic phenanthrenes in aquatic systems. | seven natural 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes were isolated from the common reed juncus effusus by means of chromatographic processes and identified by spectroscopic means. furthermore, mimics of natural isolated compounds were synthesized to try to evaluate the influence of functional groups on the dihydrophenanthrene skeleton. syntheses of compounds were based on the cross-coupling of 1-(2-iodo-5-methoxy)phenyl-ethanol with variously substituted iodobenzenes by zerovalent nickel. all the chemicals w ... | 2001 | 11491568 |
| macrogeographic patterns of breeding system diversity in the daphnia pulex group from the united states and mexico. | studies on the biogeographical patterning of reproductive systems promise to extend understanding of the factors which modulate breeding system transitions. two closely allied cladoceran crustaceans, daphnia pulex and d. pulicaria, show varied modes of reproduction, with populations reproducing by either cyclic or obligate parthenogenesis. prior studies have provided a detailed understanding of their breeding system diversity in the polar and cold temperate regions of north america. the present ... | 2001 | 11703505 |
| complete mitochondrial dna sequence of a tadpole shrimp (triops cancriformis) and analysis of museum samples. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtnda) of the tadpole shrimp triops cancriformis was sequenced. the sequence consisted of 15,101 bp with an a+t content of 69%. its gene arrangement was identical with those sequences of the water flea (daphnia pulex) and giant tiger prawn (penaeus monodon), whereas it differed from that of the brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) in the arrangement of its genes for trnas. phylogenetic analysis revealed t. cancriformis to be more closely related to the water flea th ... | 2002 | 12481263 |
| pokey, a new dna transposon in daphnia (cladocera: crustacea). | we report the complete sequence of two representatives of the transposable element, pokey, isolated from the ribosomal dna of the cladoceran, daphnia pulicaria. we describe the general features of this element, which confirms its classification as a dna transposon. we show that pokey is similar to piggybac and, as such, is a member of the ttaa-specific family of elements. pokey is putatively autonomous, possessing an open reading frame that encodes a putative protein with similarity to piggybac' ... | 2002 | 12486525 |
| glacial refugia, haplotype distributions, and clonal richness of the daphnia pulex complex in arctic canada. | as part of a large international arctic biodiversity expedition (tundra northwest '99), we examined the distribution of members of the arctic daphnia pulex complex (cladocera, anomopoda) from 121 tundra ponds, spread across 16 sites spanning a large portion of arctic canada (i.e. from 62 degrees 22' n to 79 degrees 01' n; 66 degrees 45' w to 139 degrees 37' w). using allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial (mt)dna analyses, we examined the population genetic (clonal) structure of these popula ... | 2003 | 12535096 |
| acute toxicity of drainage ditch water from a washington state cranberry-growing region to daphnia pulex in laboratory bioassays. | high concentrations of organophosphorous insecticides resulting from cranberry bog applications were detected in the grayland drainage ditch (gdd) system in grayland, washington state, during the 1994-1996 washington state department of ecology pesticide monitoring program. this drainage ditch system drains cranberry bogs and enters the pacific ocean via the north cove and supon inlet. concerns about the impact of these pesticides on human and environmental health led to this investigation of th ... | 2002 | 12568464 |
| determination of trace elements in planktonic microcrustaceans using total reflection x-ray fluorescence (txrf): first results from two chilean lakes. | first results are described from the application of a recently developed dry method for determination of elements in single specimens of freshwater microcrustaceans, using total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (txrf). this method is a powerful, non-destructive technique for quantifying the trace element content of minute biological samples with a dry weight of 3-50 microg. three different freshwater microcrustaceans were sampled, from the natural, uncontaminated lake laja and from the ... | 2004 | 14579010 |
| the ability of selected cladoceran species to utilize domestic wastewaters in mexico city. | the population growth patterns of four cladocerans, viz. alona rectangula, ceriodaphnia dubia, moina macrocopa and daphnia pulex on wastewaters from a treatment plant at iztacalco, mexico city were analyzed in this study. crude wastewater (tank a) did not support a. rectangula and all animals in the replicates died after 5 days. a. rectangula with partially treated wastewater (tank b) showed growth curves similar to controls where algal density was 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). with wastewater from ta ... | 2004 | 15084360 |
| acute toxicity and genotoxicity of aquatic hydrophobic pollutants sampled with semipermeable membrane devices. | triolein-filled semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) were deployed for 4 weeks in polluted water sources in lithuania. the mixtures of pollutants sampled by the spmds were fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography (sec). the fraction containing average molecular weight compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and organochlorine pesticides was screened by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. the whole (non-fractionated) samples and their sec fractions were tested in bi ... | 2000 | 15092896 |
| ecological risk assessment of neem-based pesticides. | a tiered process was used to evaluate the risks of pure azadirachtin (aza) and two neem-based insecticides (neemix and bioneem) on six aquatic animals [crayfish (procambarus clarkii), white shrimp (penaeus setiferus), grass shrimp (palaemonetes pugio), blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), water fleas (daphnia pulex), and mosquito larvae (culex quinquefasciatus)] through short term acute toxicity tests. the risk was calculated using the level of concern endpoints (q values) and relative hazard index ... | 2004 | 15132337 |
| comparison of 17 biotests for detection of cyanobacterial toxicity. | the aim of the present study was to compare the sensitivity of 17 acute bioassays of cyanobacterial toxicity by assessment of crude extracts of three cyanobacterial samples (all dominated by microcystis sp. but substantially differing in microcystin-lr content). toxicity of the fractions prepared by solid-phase extraction (spe) for microcystins was also determined. the most sensitive bioassay was the 24-h test with crustacean thamnocephalus platyurus, which elicited high lethality in the samples ... | 2004 | 15269901 |
| effect of combinations of the toxic cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa pcc7820 and the green alga scenedesmus on the experimental population of daphnia pulex. | | 2005 | 16158859 |
| ecotoxicological properties of wastewater treated using tertiary methods. | the objective of this work was the examination of the efficiency of coagulation and ozonation processes for the production of reclaimed wastewater with low toxicity. municipal secondary effluents were treated by fecl3, al2(so4)3 (alum), and a commercial substance at metal ion concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mmol/l. alternatively, the effluents were treated by ozonation in a semibatch ozone reactor. the feed gas was introduced at a flowrate of 3 l/min containing ozone at various concentrations, rangi ... | 2006 | 16841328 |
| contrasting uptake routes and tissue distributions of inorganic and methylmercury in mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) and redear sunfish (lepomis microlophus). | high hg concentrations in freshwater fish are a concern for human health, yet we lack a clear understanding of the mechanisms that produce high hg concentrations in fish. controlled studies in natural surface waters that quantify the uptake and retention of hg in fish tissues following exposures from the aqueous phase and from invertebrate prey diets are rare. using 203hg, we contrasted the accumulation of inorganic hg (hgi) and methylmercury (mehg) from the dissolved phase and from invertebrate ... | 2006 | 16916033 |
| evolution of a novel subfamily of nuclear receptors with members that each contain two dna binding domains. | nuclear receptors (nrs) are important transcriptional modulators in metazoans which regulate transcription through binding to the promoter region of their target gene by the dna binding domain (dbd) and activation or repression of mrna synthesis through co-regulators bound to the ligand binding domain (lbd). nrs typically have a single dbd with a lbd. | 2007 | 17319953 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of three cladoceran species widely distributed in mexico to three reference toxicants. | acute toxicity effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), sodium pentachlorophenate (spcp), and hexavalent chromium (cr(vi)) were determined in ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex, and simocephalus mixtus. neonates were obtained from parthenogenetic females of different ages to establish the relative sensitivity of these species, in order to propose them as test organisms in the mexican environmental standards. for c. dubia the average lc(50) (48 h) values were 8.59 +/- 1.08, 0.92 +/- 0.16, and 0.23 ... | 2007 | 17680480 |
| evaluation of the biotic ligand model relative to other site-specific criteria derivation methods for copper in surface waters with elevated hardness. | the goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the biotic ligand model to predict cu toxicity in very hard surface water (>200 mg/l as caco(3)), relative to current copper criteria methodologies (hardness-based equation and the water-effect ratio; wer). to test these methods, we conducted acute cu toxicity tests with three aquatic test species (ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex and pimephales promelas) in seven surface waters. the sites were representative of effluent-dependent or eff ... | 2007 | 17681387 |
| thyroid hormone receptor orthologues from invertebrate species with emphasis on schistosoma mansoni. | thyroid hormone receptors (trs) function as molecular switches in response to thyroid hormone to regulate gene transcription. trs were previously believed to be present only in chordates. | 2007 | 17727708 |
| profiling sex-biased gene expression during parthenogenetic reproduction in daphnia pulex. | sexual reproduction is a core biological function that is conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, yet breeding systems are extremely variable. genome-wide comparative studies can be effectively used to identify genes and regulatory patterns that are constrained to preserve core functions from those that may help to account for the diversity of animal reproductive strategies. we use a custom microarray to investigate gene expression in males and two reproductive stages of females in the crusta ... | 2007 | 18088424 |
| cloning and identification of an oxytocin/vasopressin-like receptor and its ligand from insects. | more than 20 years ago, an oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide, clitncprgamide, was isolated from the locust, locusta migratoria [proux jp, et al. (1987) identification of an arginine vasopressin-like diuretic hormone from locusta migratoria. biochem biophys res commun 149:180-186]. however, no similar peptide could be identified in other insects, nor could its prohormone be cloned, or its physiological actions be established. here, we report that the recently sequenced genome from the red flour b ... | 2008 | 18316733 |
| the rate and spectrum of microsatellite mutation in caenorhabditis elegans and daphnia pulex. | the effective use of microsatellite loci as tools for microevolutionary analysis requires knowledge of the factors influencing the rate and pattern of mutation, much of which is derived from indirect inference from population samples. interspecific variation in microsatellite stability also provides a glimpse into aspects of phylogenetic constancy of mutational processes. using long-term series of mutation-accumulation lines, we have obtained direct estimates of the spectrum of microsatellite mu ... | 2008 | 18430937 |
| the association between breeding system and transposable element dynamics in daphnia pulex. | transposable elements (tes) are major sources of genetic variation, and mating systems are believed to play a significant role in their dynamics. for example, insertion number is expected to be higher in sexual than in asexual organisms due to the inability of tes to colonize new genomes in the absence of sex. the goal of this study was to determine the impact of the loss of sexual reproduction on te load. daphnia pulex has two reproductive modes, obligate and cyclical parthenogenesis, which dif ... | 2008 | 18491025 |
| d- and l-lactate dehydrogenases during invertebrate evolution. | the l-lactate and d-lactate dehydrogenases, which are involved in the reduction of pyruvate to l(-)-lactate and d(+)-lactate, belong to evolutionarily unrelated enzyme families. the genes encoding l-ldh have been used as a model for gene duplication due to the multiple paralogs found in eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes. phylogenetic studies have suggested that several gene duplication events led to the main isozymes of this gene family in chordates, but little is known about the evolut ... | 2008 | 18828920 |
| effects of spinosad and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on a natural population of daphnia pulex in field microcosms. | spinosad, a candidate biological larvicide for mosquito control, was evaluated for its effects on a field population of daphnia pulex, using bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) as a reference larvicide. microcosms (125l enclosures) were placed in a shallow temporary oligohaline marsh where d. pulex was present. three concentrations of spinosad (8, 17 and 33 microg l(-1)) and two concentrations of bti (0.16 and 0.50 microl l(-1)) were applied (5 replicates per concentration, includin ... | 2008 | 18977509 |
| the abc transporter gene family of daphnia pulex. | the large gene superfamily of abc (atp-binding cassette) transporters encodes membrane proteins involved in trafficking processes across biological membranes and further essential cell biological functions. abc transporters are evolutionary ancient and involved in the biochemical defence against toxicants. we report here a genome-wide survey of abc proteins of daphnia pulex, providing for the first time information on abc proteins in crustacea, a primarily aquatic arthropod subphylum of high eco ... | 2009 | 19383151 |
| reconstructing the phylogeny of 21 completely sequenced arthropod species based on their motor proteins. | motor proteins have extensively been studied in the past and consist of large superfamilies. they are involved in diverse processes like cell division, cellular transport, neuronal transport processes, or muscle contraction, to name a few. vertebrates contain up to 60 myosins and about the same number of kinesins that are spread over more than a dozen distinct classes. | 2009 | 19383156 |
| annotation, phylogenetics, and expression of the nuclear receptors in daphnia pulex. | the nuclear receptor superfamily currently consists of seven gene subfamilies that encompass over 80 distinct receptor proteins. these transcription factors typically share a common five-domain structure with a highly conserved dna-binding domain. some nuclear receptors are ubiquitous among the metazoans, while others are unique to specific phylogenetic groups. crustaceans represent the second largest group of arthropods with insects being the largest. however, relative to insects, little is kno ... | 2009 | 19863811 |
| target gene approaches: gene expression in daphnia magna exposed to predator-borne kairomones or to microcystin-producing and microcystin-free microcystis aeruginosa. | two major biological stressors of freshwater zooplankton of the genus daphnia are predation and fluctuations in food quality. here we use kairomones released from a planktivorous fish (leucaspius delineatus) and from an invertebrate predator (larvae of chaoborus flavicans) to simulate predation pressure; a microcystin-producing culture of the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa and a microcystin-deficient mutant are used to investigate effects of low food quality. real-time quantitative polyme ... | 2009 | 19917101 |
| discovery of a novel insect neuropeptide signaling system closely related to the insect adipokinetic hormone and corazonin hormonal systems. | neuropeptides and their g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) play a central role in the physiology of insects. one large family of insect neuropeptides are the adipokinetic hormones (akhs), which mobilize lipids and carbohydrates from the insect fat body. other peptides are the corazonins that are structurally related to the akhs but represent a different neuropeptide signaling system. we have previously cloned an orphan gpcr from the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae that was structurally inter ... | 2010 | 20068045 |
| a rapid bioassay for detecting saxitoxins using a daphnia acute toxicity test. | bioassays using daphnia pulex and moina micrura were designed to detect cyanobacterial neurotoxins in raw water samples. phytoplankton and cyanotoxins from seston were analyzed during 15 months in a eutrophic reservoir. effective time to immobilize 50% of the exposed individuals (et50) was adopted as the endpoint. paralysis of swimming movements was observed between approximately 0.5-3 h of exposure to lake water containing toxic cyanobacteria, followed by an almost complete recovery of the swim ... | 2010 | 20359802 |
| population-level effects of spinosad and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in daphnia pulex and daphnia magna: comparison of laboratory and field microcosm exposure conditions. | because exposure to toxicants not only results in mortality but also in multiple sublethal effects, the use of life-table data appears particularly suitable to assess global effects on exposed populations. the present study uses a life table response approach to assess population-level effects of two insecticides used against mosquito larvae, spinosad (8 μg/l) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti, 0.5 μl/l), on two non target species, daphnia pulex and daphnia magna (crustacea: clado ... | 2010 | 20552396 |
| high rate of large-scale hemizygous deletions in asexually propagating daphnia: implications for the evolution of sex. | the origin and maintenance of sex remains one of the most debated topics in evolutionary biology. investigations of the molecular genetic consequences of asexuality, such as direct estimation of mutation and recombination rates in asexual lineages, are critical for explaining the prevalence of sex in nature. in this study, we use long-term mutation accumulation lines of asexually propagating daphnia pulex and d. obtusa to examine the role of hemizygous deletion and ameiotic recombination (crosso ... | 2011 | 20675410 |
| toxicity of cyanobacterial bloom in the eutrophic dam reservoir (southeast poland). | cyanobacterial bloom was observed in a highly eutrophic dam reservoir, zemborzycki, near lublin (se poland) over a warm period in the year 2007. the water bloom consisted of several cyanobacterial taxa: anabaena circinalis, anabaena spiroides, anabaena flos-aquae, planktothrix agardhii, aphanizomenon flos-aquae, aphanizomenon gracile, and microcystis flos-aquae. anabaena spp., and aphanizomenon spp., potential producers of neurotoxic anatoxin-a, quantitatively predominated in the studied bloom. ... | 2010 | 20821478 |
| predicted sub-populations in a marine shrimp proteome as revealed by combined est and cdna data from multiple penaeus species. | abstract: | 2010 | 21067619 |
| the drosophila genes cg14593 and cg30106 code for g-protein-coupled receptors specifically activated by the neuropeptides cchamide-1 and cchamide-2. | recently, a novel neuropeptide, cchamide, was discovered in the silkworm bombyx mori (l. roller et al., insect biochem. mol. biol. 38 (2008) 1147-1157). we have now found that all insects with a sequenced genome have two genes, each coding for a different cchamide, cchamide-1 and -2. we have also cloned and deorphanized two drosophila g-protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) coded for by genes cg14593 and cg30106 that are selectively activated by drosophila cch-amide-1 (ec(50), 2×10(-9) m) and cch-am ... | 2010 | 21110953 |
| conservation, loss, and redeployment of wnt ligands in protostomes: implications for understanding the evolution of segment formation. | the wnt genes encode secreted glycoprotein ligands that regulate a wide range of developmental processes, including axis elongation and segmentation. there are thirteen subfamilies of wnt genes in metazoans and this gene diversity appeared early in animal evolution. the loss of wnt subfamilies appears to be common in insects, but little is known about the wnt repertoire in other arthropods, and moreover the expression and function of these genes have only been investigated in a few protostomes o ... | 2010 | 21122121 |
| unsuitability of cnesterodon decemmaculatus (jenyns, 1842) for mosquito control in uruguay: evidence from food-preference experiments. | we analyzed the feeding preference of cnesterodon decemmaculatus, a small-bodied poecilid native from the rio de la plata and proximate atlantic basins in south america. this species has a wide distribution in uruguayan water bodies but its effectiveness as a predator of mosquito larvae has not been tested. in laboratory trials, five aquatic invertebrates were offered simultaneously as potential prey to fish: daphnia pulex (cladocera), copepods, two different instars of mosquito larvae (culex pi ... | 2010 | 21175940 |
| not just another genome. | sequence analysis of the daphnia pulex genome holds some surprises that could not have been anticipated from what was learned so far from other arthropod genomes. it establishes daphnia as an eco-genetical model organism par excellence. | 2011 | 21294909 |
| chitobiase activity as an indicator of altered survival, growth and reproduction in daphnia pulex and daphnia magna (crustacea: cladocera) exposed to spinosad and diflubenzuron. | chitobiase is involved in exoskeleton degradation and recycling during the moulting process in arthropods. in aquatic species, the moulting fluid is released into the aqueous environment, and chitobiase activity present therein can be used to follow the dynamics of arthropod populations. here, chitobiase activity was used for monitoring the impact of mosquito candidate larvicides on daphnia pulex and daphnia magna under laboratory conditions. both species were exposed to spinosad (2, 4, 8μgl(-1) ... | 2011 | 21497397 |
| [the application value of water flea daphnia pulex for hypoxia model]. | hypoxia-inducible factor (hif) is an important transcription factor under hypoxic condition in many organisms, and plays a key role in the induction of hypoxia tolerance. it is necessary to establish a hypoxia model for hif and to perform further hypoxia tolerance research. to investigate the value of daphnia as a model organism in hypoxia precondition, we developed a preconditioning protocol with a model organism, daphnia pulex. we found that two episodes of exposure to hypoxic solution resulte ... | 2011 | 21936389 |
| impacts of salinity and fish-exuded kairomone on the survival and macromolecular profile of daphnia pulex. | global warming is already causing salinization of freshwater ecosystems located in semi-arid regions, including turkey. daphnids, which are important grazers on phytoplankton and a major food source for fish and invertebrates, are sensitive to not only changes in salinity levels, but also presence of predators. in this study, the interactive effect of salinity toxicity (abiotic factor) with predation pressure mimicked by the fish-exuded kairomone (biotic factor) and the effect of salt acclimatio ... | 2011 | 22102012 |
| identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor (ptserpin) in the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. | serine protease inhibitors (serpins) play a key role in diverse immune biological processes. a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), namely ptserpin, was identified from the haemocyte cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length ptserpin cdna was 1593 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 1227 bp encoding a polypeptide of 408 amino acids with estimated molecular mass of 45.048 kda and theoretical isoelectric point of 7.23. predicted tertiary structure of ptserpin ... | 2012 | 22245590 |
| in silico characterization of the insect diapause-associated protein couch potato (cpo) in calanus finmarchicus (crustacea: copepoda). | couch potato (cpo) is an rna-binding protein involved in the regulation of nervous system development and adult diapause in insects. within insects, this protein is highly conserved, yet it has not been identified in another large arthropod group, the crustacea. here, functional genomics was used to identify putative cpo homologs in the copepod calanus finmarchicus, a planktonic crustacean that undergoes seasonal diapause. in silico mining of expressed sequence tag (est) and 454 pyrosequencing d ... | 2012 | 23262277 |
| [enhancement of hypoxia tolerance and survival rate of daphnia in severe hypoxia based on acidic preconditioning]. | ph homeostasis is essential for development, proliferation and apoptosis of cells. once the ph balances are broken, cell functions and survival will be affected. nevertheless, moderate acidosis could result in adaptive responses for cell survival and increase tolerance to harmful stress. here we found that acidic preconditioning (apc) could significantly increase the survival rate of daphnia pulex, a freshwater invertebrate, during severe hypoxic insult. meanwhile, the acidic treatment significa ... | 2012 | 23469549 |
| fate and effects of the insecticide dursban 4e in indoor elodea-dominated and macrophyte-free freshwater model ecosystems: i. fate and primary effects of the active ingredient chlorpyrifos. | the fate of the insecticide dursban 4e (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and its effect on crustaceans and insects was studied in indoor experimental freshwater ecosystems that intended to mimick drainage ditches. a single dose (simulating aerial drift) was applied to achieve nominal chlorpyrifos concentrations of 5 or 35 micrograms/l. two experiments were performed, one in which all model ecosystems were dominated by the macrophyte elodea nuttallii, and one using systems devoid of macrophytes. i ... | 1991 | 1379031 |
| acute toxicity of some experimental road surfacing compounds to daphnia pulex. | | 2004 | 444759 |
| the components of the daphnia pulex immune system as revealed by complete genome sequencing. | branchiopod crustaceans in the genus daphnia are key model organisms for investigating interactions between genes and the environment. one major theme of research on daphnia species has been the evolution of resistance to pathogens and parasites, but lack of knowledge of the daphnia immune system has limited the study of immune responses. here we provide a survey of the immune-related genome of d. pulex, derived from the newly completed genome sequence. genes likely to be involved in innate immu ... | 2009 | 19386092 |
| the persistence and ecological impacts of a cyanobacterium genetically engineered to express mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | the cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120#11 has been genetically engineered to act as a delivery vehicle for bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis mosquitocidal toxins. to address ecological concerns about releasing this genetically engineered microorganism into the environment for mosquito larva control, the persistence and ecological impacts of pcc 7120#11 was evaluated using multi-species, standardized aquatic microcosms. | 2016 | 27165108 |
| comparative paleovirological analysis of crustaceans identifies multiple widespread viral groups. | the discovery of many fragments of viral genomes integrated in the genome of their eukaryotic host (endogenous viral elements; eves) has recently opened new avenues to further our understanding of viral evolution and of host-virus interactions. here, we report the results of a comprehensive screen for eves in crustaceans. following up on the recent discovery of eves in the terrestrial isopod, armadillidium vulgare, we scanned the genomes of six crustacean species: a terrestrial isopod (armadilli ... | 2015 | 26388953 |
| acclimatory responses of the daphnia pulex proteome to environmental changes. ii. chronic exposure to different temperatures (10 and 20 degrees c) mainly affects protein metabolism. | temperature affects essentially every aspect of the biology of poikilothermic animals including the energy and mass budgets, activity, growth, and reproduction. while thermal effects in ecologically important groups such as daphnids have been intensively studied at the ecosystem level and at least partly at the organismic level, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the acclimation to different temperatures. by using 2d gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, the presen ... | 2009 | 19383147 |
| genomic identification of a putative circadian system in the cladoceran crustacean daphnia pulex. | essentially nothing is known about the molecular underpinnings of crustacean circadian clocks. the genome of daphnia pulex, the only crustacean genome available for public use, provides a unique resource for identifying putative circadian proteins in this species. here, the daphnia genome was mined for putative circadian protein genes using drosophila melanogaster queries. the sequences of core clock (e.g. clock, cycle, period, timeless and cryptochrome 2), clock input (cryptochrome 1) and clock ... | 2011 | 21798832 |
| protobug: functional families from the complete proteomes of insects. | protobug (http://www.protobug.cs.huji.ac.il) is a database and resource of protein families in arthropod genomes. protobug platform presents the relatedness of complete proteomes from 17 insects as well as a proteome of the crustacean, daphnia pulex. the represented proteomes from insects include louse, bee, beetle, ants, flies and mosquitoes. based on an unsupervised clustering method, protein sequences were clustered into a hierarchical tree, called protobug. protobug covers about 300,000 sequ ... | 2015 | 25911153 |
| the cytochrome p450 (cyp) gene superfamily in daphnia pulex. | cytochrome p450s (cyps) in animals fall into two categories: those that synthesize or metabolize endogenous molecules and those that interact with exogenous chemicals from the diet or the environment. the latter form a critical component of detoxification systems. | 2009 | 19383150 |
| cutprotfam-pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden markov models. | the arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. the physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (cps) and chitin. the proteinaceous matrix consists mainly of structural cuticular proteins. the majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the cpr family, and they are identified by the conserved r&r region (reb ... | 2014 | 24978609 |
| the genome sequence of the protostome daphnia pulex encodes respective orthologues of a neurotrophin, a trk and a p75ntr: evolution of neurotrophin signaling components and related proteins in the bilateria. | neurotrophins and their trk and p75ntr receptors play an important role in the nervous system. to date, neurotrophins, trk and p75ntr have only been found concomitantly in deuterostomes. in protostomes, homologues to either neurotrophin, trk or p75ntr are reported but their phylogenetic relationship to deuterostome neurotrophin signaling components is unclear. drosophila has neurotrophin homologues called spätzles (spz), some of which were recently renamed neurotrophins, but direct proof that th ... | 2009 | 19807921 |
| characterisation and localisation of the opsin protein repertoire in the brain and retinas of a spider and an onychophoran. | opsins have been found in the majority of animals and their most apparent functions are related to vision and light-guided behaviour. as an increasing number of sequences have become available it has become clear that many opsin-like transcripts are expressed in tissues other than the eyes. opsins can be divided into three main groups: rhabdomeric opsins (r-opsins), ciliary opsins (c-opsins) and group 4 opsins. in arthropods, the main focus has been on the r-opsins involved in vision. however, w ... | 2013 | 24010579 |
| high through-put sequencing of the parhyale hawaiensis mrnas and micrornas to aid comparative developmental studies. | understanding the genetic and evolutionary basis of animal morphological diversity will require comparative developmental studies that use new model organisms. this necessitates development of tools for the study of genetics and also the generation of sequence information of the organism to be studied. the development of next generation sequencing technology has enabled quick and cost effective generation of sequence information. parhyale hawaiensis has emerged as a model organism of choice due ... | 2012 | 22448274 |
| daphnia hr96 is a promiscuous xenobiotic and endobiotic nuclear receptor. | daphnia pulex is the first crustacean to have its genome sequenced. the genome project provides new insight and data into how an aquatic crustacean may respond to environmental stressors, including toxicants. we cloned daphnia pulex hr96 (dappuhr96), a nuclear receptor orthologous to the car/pxr/vdr group of nuclear receptors. in drosophila melanogaster, (hormone receptor 96) hr96 responds to phenobarbital exposure and has been hypothesized as a toxicant receptor. therefore, we set up a transact ... | 2012 | 22466357 |
| de novo assembly and characterization of a maternal and developmental transcriptome for the emerging model crustacean parhyale hawaiensis. | arthropods are the most diverse animal phylum, but their genomic resources are relatively few. while the genome of the branchiopod daphnia pulex is now available, no other large-scale crustacean genomic resources are available for comparison. in particular, genomic resources are lacking for the most tractable laboratory model of crustacean development, the amphipod parhyale hawaiensis. insight into shared and divergent characters of crustacean genomes will facilitate interpretation of future dev ... | 2011 | 22118449 |
| a remarkably stable tipe gene cluster: evolution of insect para sodium channel auxiliary subunits. | first identified in fruit flies with temperature-sensitive paralysis phenotypes, the drosophila melanogaster tipe locus encodes four voltage-gated sodium (nav) channel auxiliary subunits. this cluster of tipe-like genes on chromosome 3l, and a fifth family member on chromosome 3r, are important for the optional expression and functionality of the para nav channel but appear quite distinct from auxiliary subunits in vertebrates. here, we exploited available arthropod genomic resources to trace th ... | 2011 | 22098672 |
| gene up-regulation in response to predator kairomones in the water flea, daphnia pulex. | numerous cases of predator-induced polyphenisms, in which alternate phenotypes are produced in response to extrinsic stimuli, have been reported in aquatic taxa to date. the genus daphnia (branchiopoda, cladocera) provides a model experimental system for the study of the developmental mechanisms and evolutionary processes associated with predator-induced polyphenisms. in d. pulex, juveniles form neckteeth in response to predatory kairomones released by chaoborus larvae (insecta, diptera). | 2010 | 20433737 |
| annotation of the daphnia magna nuclear receptors: comparison to daphnia pulex. | most nuclear receptors (nrs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors crucial in homeostatic physiological responses or environmental responses. we annotated the daphnia magna nrs and compared them to daphnia pulex and other species, primarily through phylogenetic analysis. daphnia species contain 26 nrs spanning all seven gene subfamilies. thirteen of the 26 receptors found in daphnia species phylogenetically segregate into the nr1 subfamily, primarily involved in energy metabolism and resour ... | 2014 | 25239664 |
| the hr97 (nr1l) group of nuclear receptors: a new group of nuclear receptors discovered in daphnia species. | the recently sequenced daphnia pulex genome revealed the nr1l nuclear receptor group consisting of three novel receptors. phylogenetic studies show that this group is related to the nr1i group (car/pxr/vdr) and the nr1j group (hr96), and were subsequently named hr97a/b/g. each of the hr97 paralogs from daphnia magna, a commonly used crustacean in toxicity testing, was cloned, sequenced, and partially characterized. phylogenetic analysis indicates that the hr97 receptors are present in primitive ... | 2014 | 25092536 |
| interactions of the crustacean nuclear receptors hr3 and e75 in the regulation of gene transcription. | endocrine signal transduction occurs through cascades that involve the action of both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent nuclear receptors. in insects, two such nuclear receptors are hr3 and e75 that interact to transduce signals initiated by ecdysteroids. we have cloned these nuclear receptors from the crustacean daphnia pulex to assess their function as regulators of gene transcription in this ecologically and economically important group of organisms. both nuclear receptors from d. pulex ... | 2010 | 20346363 |
| development of an efficient rna interference method by feeding for the microcrustacean daphnia. | rna interference (rnai) is an important molecular tool for analysis of gene function in vivo. daphnia, a freshwater microcrustacean, is an emerging model organism for studying cellular and molecular processes involved in aging, development, and ecotoxicology especially in the context of environmental variation. however, in spite of the availability of a fully sequenced genome of daphnia pulex, meaningful mechanistic studies have been hampered by a lack of molecular techniques to alter gene expre ... | 2015 | 26446824 |
| sampling daphnia's expressed genes: preservation, expansion and invention of crustacean genes with reference to insect genomes. | functional and comparative studies of insect genomes have shed light on the complement of genes, which in part, account for shared morphologies, developmental programs and life-histories. contrasting the gene inventories of insects to those of the nematodes provides insight into the genomic changes responsible for their diversification. however, nematodes have weak relationships to insects, as each belongs to separate animal phyla. a better outgroup to distinguish lineage specific novelties woul ... | 2007 | 17612412 |
| a transgenerational endocrine signaling pathway in crustacea. | environmental signals to maternal organisms can result in developmental alterations in progeny. one such example is environmental sex determination in branchiopod crustaceans. we previously demonstrated that the hormone methyl farnesoate could orchestrate environmental sex determination in the early embryo to the male phenotype. presently, we identify a transcription factor that is activated by methyl farnesoate and explore the extent and significance of this transgenerational signaling pathway. | 2013 | 23613913 |
| ltr retroelements in the genome of daphnia pulex. | long terminal repeat (ltr) retroelements represent a successful group of transposable elements (tes) that have played an important role in shaping the structure of many eukaryotic genomes. here, we present a genome-wide analysis of ltr retroelements in daphnia pulex, a cyclical parthenogen and the first crustacean for which the whole genomic sequence is available. in addition, we analyze transcriptional data and perform transposon display assays of lab-reared lineages and natural isolates to ide ... | 2010 | 20618961 |
| genome-wide profiling of 24 hr diel rhythmicity in the water flea, daphnia pulex: network analysis reveals rhythmic gene expression and enhances functional gene annotation. | marine and freshwater zooplankton exhibit daily rhythmic patterns of behavior and physiology which may be regulated directly by the light:dark (ld) cycle and/or a molecular circadian clock. one of the best-studied zooplankton taxa, the freshwater crustacean daphnia, has a 24 h diel vertical migration (dvm) behavior whereby the organism travels up and down through the water column daily. dvm plays a critical role in resource tracking and the behavioral avoidance of predators and damaging ultravio ... | 2016 | 27538446 |
| intron presence-absence polymorphisms in daphnia. | here, we report 2 novel intron gains segregating in populations of daphnia pulex endemic to oregon. these novel introns do not have an obvious source and are not present in any d. pulex populations outside oregon, other species of daphnia that we examined, or any other organism for which sequence data are available. furthermore, the novel introns are both found in the same gene, a rab gtpase (rab4), and they appear to differ in their insertion site by one base pair, providing some support to the ... | 2008 | 18667441 |
| the chemoreceptor genes of the waterflea daphnia pulex: many grs but no ors. | chemoreception is vitally important for all animals, yet little is known about the genetics of chemoreception in aquatic organisms. the keystone species daphnia pulex, a well known crustacean, is the first aquatic invertebrate to have its genome sequenced. this has allowed us the initial investigation of chemoreceptor genes in an aquatic invertebrate, and to begin the study of chemoreceptor evolution across the arthropod phylum. | 2009 | 19383158 |
| specific retention of the protostome-specific psgef may parallel with the evolution of mushroom bodies in insect and lophotrochozoan brains. | gene gain and subsequent retention or loss during evolution may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in generating the diversity of metazoan nervous systems. however, the causal relationships acting therein have not been studied extensively. | 2009 | 19422675 |
| patterns of intraspecific dna variation in the daphnia nuclear genome. | understanding nucleotide variation in natural populations has been a subject of great interest for decades. however, many taxonomic groups, especially those with atypical life history attributes remain unstudied, and drosophila is the only arthropod genus for which dna polymorphism data are presently abundant. as a result of the recent release of the complete genome sequence and a wide variety of new genomic resources, the daphnia system is quickly becoming a promising new avenue for expanding o ... | 2009 | 19304589 |
| physiological responses of daphnia pulex to acid stress. | acidity exerts a determining influence on the composition and diversity of freshwater faunas. while the physiological implications of freshwater acidification have been intensively studied in teleost fish and crayfish, much less is known about the acid-stress physiology of ecologically important groups such as cladoceran zooplankton. this study analyzed the extracellular acid-base state and co2 partial pressure (p(co2)), circulation and ventilation, as well as the respiration rate of daphnia pul ... | 2009 | 19383148 |
| gene response profiles for daphnia pulex exposed to the environmental stressor cadmium reveals novel crustacean metallothioneins. | genomic research tools such as microarrays are proving to be important resources to study the complex regulation of genes that respond to environmental perturbations. a first generation cdna microarray was developed for the environmental indicator species daphnia pulex, to identify genes whose regulation is modulated following exposure to the metal stressor cadmium. our experiments revealed interesting changes in gene transcription that suggest their biological roles and their potentially toxico ... | 2007 | 18154678 |
| the ecoresponsive genome of daphnia pulex. | we describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. the high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. more than a third of daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the daphnia lineage. the coexpansion of gene families interacting within metabolic pathways suggests that ... | 0 | 21292972 |
| the porcelain crab transcriptome and pcad, the porcelain crab microarray and sequence database. | with the emergence of a completed genome sequence of the freshwater crustacean daphnia pulex, construction of genomic-scale sequence databases for additional crustacean sequences are important for comparative genomics and annotation. porcelain crabs, genus petrolisthes, have been powerful crustacean models for environmental and evolutionary physiology with respect to thermal adaptation and understanding responses of marine organisms to climate change. here, we present a large-scale est sequencin ... | 2010 | 20174471 |
| the evolutionary history of daphniid α-carbonic anhydrase within animalia. | understanding the mechanisms that drive acid-base regulation in organisms is important, especially for organisms in aquatic habitats that experience rapidly fluctuating ph conditions. previous studies have shown that carbonic anhydrases (cas), a family of zinc metalloenzymes, are responsible for acid-base regulation in many organisms. through the use of phylogenetic tools, this present study attempts to elucidate the evolutionary history of the α-ca superfamily, with particular interest in the e ... | 2015 | 25893130 |
| daphnia halloween genes that encode cytochrome p450s mediating the synthesis of the arthropod molting hormone: evolutionary implications. | in crustaceans and insects, development and reproduction are controlled by the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). like other steroids, 20e, is synthesized from cholesterol through reactions involving cytochrome p450s (cyps). in insects, the cyp enzymes mediating 20e biosynthesis have been identified, but evidence of their probable presence in crustaceans is indirect, relying solely on the ability of crustaceans to synthesize 20e. | 2008 | 18298845 |
| how does the cladoceran daphnia pulex affect the fate of escherichia coli in water? | the faecal indicator escherichia coli plays a central role in water quality assessment and monitoring. it is therefore essential to understand its fate under various environmental constraints such as predation by bacterivorous zooplankton. whereas most studies have examined how protozooplankton communities (heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates) affect the fate of e. coli in water, the capacity of metazooplankton to control the faecal indicator remains poorly understood. in this study, we i ... | 2017 | 28178322 |
| persistence of an amphibian ranavirus in aquatic communities. | host-parasite dynamics can be strongly influenced by interactions with other members of the biotic community, particularly when the parasite spends some fraction of its life in the environment unprotected by its host. ranaviruses-often lethal viruses of cold-blooded vertebrate hosts transmitted by direct contact, and via water and fomites-offer an interesting system for understanding these community influences. previous laboratory studies have shown that ranaviruses can persist for anywhere from ... | 2014 | 25266900 |
| cross-species infection trials reveal cryptic parasite varieties and a putative polymorphism shared among host species. | a parasite's host range can have important consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes but can be difficult to infer. successful infection depends on the outcome of multiple steps and only some steps of the infection process may be critical in determining a parasites host range. to test this hypothesis, we investigated the host range of the bacterium pasteuria ramosa, a daphnia parasite, and determined the parasites success in different stages of the infection process. multiple genoty ... | 2014 | 24116675 |
| functional genomics of acclimation and adaptation in response to thermal stress in daphnia. | gene expression regulation is one of the fundamental mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and is expected to respond to selection in conditions favoring phenotypic response. the observation that many organisms increase their stress tolerance after acclimation to moderate levels of stress is an example of plasticity which has been long hypothesized to be based on adaptive changes in gene expression. we report genome-wide patterns of gene expression in two heat-tolerant and two heat-sensitive parth ... | 2014 | 25282344 |
| elimination of bisphenol a and triclosan using the enzymatic system of autochthonous colombian forest fungi. | bisphenol a (bpa) and triclosan (tcs) are known or suspected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) which may pose a risk to human health and have an environmental impact. enzyme preparations containing mainly laccases, obtained from ganoderma stipitatum and lentinus swartzii, two autochthonous colombian forest white rot fungi (wrf), previously identified as high enzyme producers, were used to remove bpa and tcs from aqueous solutions. a box-behnken factorial design showed that ph, temp ... | 2013 | 25969787 |
| genomics of environmentally induced phenotypes in 2 extremely plastic arthropods. | understanding how genes and the environment interact to shape phenotypes is of fundamental importance for resolving important issues in adaptive evolution. yet, for most model species with mature genetics and accessible genomic resources, we know little about the natural environmental factors that shape their evolution. by contrast, animal species with deeply understood ecologies and well characterized responses to environmental cues are rarely subjects of genomic investigations. here, we previe ... | 2017 | 21525179 |
| comparative luciferase assay for establishing reliable in vitro screening system of juvenile hormone agonists. | the cultured cell-based in vitro assay using the stringency of ligand-receptor interactions is typically useful for screening certain hormone agonists from among a very large number of molecules. however, ligands are frequently altered or modified through evolution; indeed, even in the same receptor orthologs, different ligand sensitivity profiles are considered to arise among species and/or taxa. such ligand transition has been observed in juvenile hormone (jh), one of the most important endocr ... | 2017 | 28261832 |
| efficacy of lagenidium giganteum metabolites on mosquito larvae with reference to nontarget organisms. | lagenidium giganteum is a water mold and an effective mosquito control agent with limited use due to poor survival and contamination during storage. invert extracellular metabolites of l. giganteum is easy to produce, long shelf life, and a potential candidate in tropical climates. this fungus was grown in pyg broth in the laboratory at 25 +/- 2 degrees c, and relative humidity was maintained at 75 +/- 5% for 15 +/- 2 days. filtration process of metabolites was done using whatman filter paper, c ... | 2007 | 17334944 |
| aquatic safety of lagenidium giganteum: effects on freshwater fish and invertebrates. | eleven freshwater species were exposed to a zoosporeproducing fungus, lagenidium giganteum, with the goal of determining species sensitivity with standard and new test procedures. the tests included standard, 4-day acute exposures of cladocerans (ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex, and d. magna) and the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). standard 7-day chronic exposures of c. dubia and a 7-day embryo-larval exposure of p. promelas were also conducted. new, 4-day acute, methods were developed f ... | 1994 | 7806894 |